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what have we done to the ocean (STS save the world)

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Published by Thanpisit.zaa, 2021-09-22 21:25:26

what have we done to the ocean (STS save the world) 2

what have we done to the ocean (STS save the world)

STS SAVES THE WORLD

WHAT HAVE WE
DONE TO THE
OCEAN

Subtheme: Ecosystem and environmental problems “Ecological Adventures”

Introduction We are living in a diverse
environment with different needs
and characteristics. To attain a
balanced and sustainable living
application of the fundamental
principles of biodiversity is
needed to address the
environmental problems and
issues.

What is Ocean pollution is a complex mixture of toxic
ocean metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals,
pollution petroleum, urban and industrial wastes,
pesticides, fertilisers, pharmaceutical chemicals,
agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80%
arises from land-based sources and it reaches the
oceans through rivers, runoff, deposition from the
atmosphere – where airborne pollutants are
washed into the ocean by rain and snow – and
direct dumping, such as pollution from waste
water treatment plants and discarded waste.
Ocean pollution is heaviest near the coasts and
most highly concentrated along the coastlines of
low-income and middle-income countries.

The most hazardous

ocean pollution

Plastic waste sediments.

is the most visible component of
ocean pollution. More than ten
million tonnes of plastic enter the
seas every year. The majority of this
breaks down into microplastic

particles and accumulates in
coastal and deep-sea

Microplastics

contain multiple toxic chemicals that are added to
plastics to make them flexible, colourful,

waterproof or flame-resistant. These include
carcinogens, neurotoxins, and endocrine disruptors
– chemicals that interfere with hormones, and can

cause cancer, birth defects, and reduced fertility.
These chemical-laden particles enter the food chain

and accumulate in fish and shellfish.

Mercury Mercury is widespread in the oceans, and the major
culprit is coal burning in homes and industry. All coal
contains mercury, and when it burns, mercury vaporises,
enters the atmosphere, and eventually washes into the
sea. Gold mining is another source, as mercury is used to
dissolve gold from the ore.
Mercury can accumulate to high levels in predatory fish
such as tuna and swordfish, which are in turn eaten by us.
Contaminated fish can be especially dangerous if eaten
by expectant mothers. Exposure of mercury to infants in
the womb can damage developing brains, reducing IQ
and increasing risks for autism, ADHD, and other learning
disorders. Adult mercury exposure increases risks for heart
disease and dementia.

PETROLEUM POLLUTANTS

Petroleum pollutants from oil spills threaten the marine
microorganisms that produce much of the Earth’s oxygen

by reducing their capacity for photosynthesis. These
beneficial microorganisms use solar energy to convert
atmospheric CO₂ into oxygen and are also affected by
organic pollutants and other chemicals. When there is a

major oil spill, the impact can be huge.

Coastal from industrial waste,
pollution agricultural runoff, pesticides,

and sewage increases the
frequency of harmful algal
blooms, known as red tides,
brown tides, and green tides.
These blooms produce powerful
toxins like ciguatera and
domoic acid that accumulate in

fish and shellfish. When
ingested, these toxins can cause

dementia, amnesia, paralysis,
and even rapid death. When
inhaled, they can cause asthma.

Dangerous result from a combination of coastal pollution and
micro warming seas, which encourages their spread.
organisms
Harmful bacteria such as the vibrio species – found in
warmer waters and responsible for vibriosis, a

potentially fatal illness – are now appearing further
north and causing life-threatening infections. There’s a
high risk that cholera, caused by vibrio cholerae, could

spread to new, previously unaffected areas.
And the health impacts of ocean pollution fall
disproportionately on indigenous peoples, coastal
communities and vulnerable populations in the
Global South, underlining the planetary scale of this

environmental injustice.



So, is eating fish still safe for
us?

WELL, YOU CAN ALWAYS MAKE MORE INFORMED AND SUSTAINABLE CHOICES
WHEN IT COMES TO BUYING FISH. INDEED, THERE ARE FISH THAT ARE LESS
SUSCEPTIBLE TO POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION, AND LESS EXPOSED TO
OVERFISHING. GENERALLY, THE SIZE OF A FISH IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE
MERCURY ACCUMULATED INSIDE ITS BODY BECAUSE THEY CONSUME A
GREATER AMOUNT OF SMALLER FISHES. THEREFORE, SMALL FISHES, LIKE
ANCHOVIES AND SARDINES, ARE OFTEN LOWER IN MERCURY. ON THE
CONTRARY, LARGER AND LONGER-LIVING PREDATORY FISH, LIKE CHILEAN
SEA BASS, GROUPER, SWORDFISH AND SOME TYPES OF TUNA, END UP WITH
THE MOST TOXINS. MOREOVER, FISH THAT GROW QUICKLY AND REPRODUCE
MORE OFTEN ARE GENERALLY MORE RESILIENT TO FISHING PRESSURE.

The ocean is 93% of all carbon is stored in
the biggest the ocean, per acre, marine
carbon sink plants can store up to 20 times
on the more carbon than land-based
planet. forests. However, warming
ocean temperatures are
causing the ocean to lose its
ability to absorb carbon, which
will have devastating impacts
on the climate- losing just 1% of
the oceans’ carbon stores is the
equivalent to releasing
emissions from 97 million cars.

You might not be able to halt industries or agriculture but there
are a lot of simple things you can do to keep plastic or debris

from entering the ocean, starting from changing your every-day
behaviour. Create less waste, reuse and recycle what you can,
watch out for your own rubbish when going to the beach, go
help a beach clean-up… Ultimately, be mindful of your own
consumption pattern and lifestyle, and raise awareness around
you.

IF WE COULD REDUCE OUR USE OF PLASTICS AND
CONSUMPTION OF UNSUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS,
TOGETHER WITH IMPROVEMENT IN WASTE

MANAGEMENT AND POLICIES, WE MIGHT BE ABLE
TO SLOW DOWN MARINE CONTAMINATION AND

POLLUTION FOR A SAFER ENVIRONMENT FOR ALL OF
US.

OPEC(Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries)

OPEC'S OBJECTIVE IS TO CO-ORDINATE AND UNIFY
PETROLEUM POLICIES AMONG MEMBER COUNTRIES, IN

ORDER TO SECURE FAIR AND STABLE PRICES FOR
PETROLEUM PRODUCERS; AN EFFICIENT, ECONOMIC AND

REGULAR SUPPLY OF PETROLEUM TO CONSUMING
NATIONS; AND A FAIR RETURN ON CAPITAL TO THOSE

INVESTING IN THE INDUSTRY.

In accordance with its Statute, the mission of the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC) is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies
of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of
oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic
and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady
income to producers and a fair return on capital for

those investing in the petroleum industry.

summary

Ocean pollution is widespread,
worsening, and poses a clear and
present danger to human health
and wellbeing. But the extent of this
danger has not been widely
comprehended

Facts

while 1 000 sea turtle This is due to coral one of the greatest threats
deaths each year are bleaching from rising to our oceans is not from
caused by plastic, in the temperatures. Fish play a plastic straws- which
US alone, 250 000 sea vital role in keeping coral make up about 0.03% of
turtles are captured, reefs alive and thriving; plastic entering our
injured or killed each year when they excrete into oceans- but fishing nets.
by fishing vessels. the water, they feed the Taking into account that
reefs. the Great Pacific Garbage
Patch is 1.5 million sq kms
in size.

Vocabulary part

珊瑚礁1.CORAL REEFS = แนวปะการัง =
毒素2.TOXINS = สารพิษ =
大氣層3.ATMOSPHERE = บรรยากาศ =
污染4.POLLUTION = มลพิษ =
疾病5.DISEASE = โรค =
汞6 . M E R C U R Y = ป ร อ ท =
不可持續的7.UNSUSTAINABLE = ไม่ยั่งยืน =
漁 船8 . F I S H I N G V E S S E L S = เ รือ ป ร ะ ม ง =
危險的9.HAZARDOUS = อั นตราย =
生態系統10.ECOSYSTEM = ระบบนิเวศ =

Sources THECONVERSATION.COM
IAEA.ORG
EARTH.ORG
OPEC.ORG

DIRECTED BY:
GUIDE
THREE

GRADE 9/1


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