1. JAZZ 5O

SEKOLAH SUKAN BUKIT JALIL

NAMA: JAZZ WONG E-HUI
KELAS: 5 OLIMPIK
SUBJEK: KIMIA

NAMA GURU:
CIK NUR AMALINA BINTI ARHAM



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Chapter 8 : 8.1 Alloy & its Importance
Manufactured
Substances in 1. Alloy is a mixture of 2 or more elements
(main element: metal)
Industry
Pewter - souvenirs Duralumin - aeroplanes Brass – keys
Jazz Wong 4Olimpik

Steel - cars Bronze medals

Comparison alloy Composition Properties Uses
Duralumin • Does not rust • Electric cables
Surface alloy Pure metal Aluminium • Low density • Body of aeroplanes
Resistance to shiny dull Bronze Copper • Racing bikes
corrosion Resistant Brass Magnesium • Does not rust
Hardness Easily corroded Steel Manganese • Shiny • Medals
Arrangement of Hard Stainless steel Copper • Does not rust • Monuments
atoms Pure metal atoms mixed with Less hard Tin • Shiny • Trophies
Atoms are same size and Pewter • Malleable • Keys
Ductility foreign atoms that are Copper • Stronger & harder • Musical instruments
Malleability different in size Orderly arranged Zinc • Resistant to corrosion • Doorknobs
• Body of cars
Not ductile Ductile Iron • Does not rust • Railway tracks
Not malleable Malleable Carbon • Shiny • Sinks
Iron • Surgical instruments
Chromium • Cutlery
Nickel
Carbon • Souvenirs
Tin • Decorative ornaments
Antimony
Copper

8.2 Composition of Glass & its Uses Types of glass

1. Silica is heated with other chemicals to make different variety Telescope Silica + soda
of glass lens + limestone

2. basic properties of glass

silica Fused silica Does not Glass Low melting
glass expand /contract containers, point
jugs, bottles
much in high Soda-lime glass
Hard but Chemically Electrical & temp
brittle inert heat
Transparent Waterproof
insulator

High melting Easily moulded Cannot withstand
point sudden temp
change

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Types of glass 8.3 Composition of Ceramics and its Uses

Silica + soda + Silica + soda + 1. Made of inorganic & non-metallic substances
limestone + boron lead(II) oxide
oxide + aluminium Heat &
electrical
oxide insulator

Can withstand heavier Softer & denser Can be Basic Hard and Medicine • Zirconia ceramic – dental implants
sudden temp reshaped properties strong • Alumina ceramics – knee bones
Laboratory Borosilicate glass Lead crystal glass Transportation • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) –
glassware change Breaks High Chemically Energy
easily thermal inert production superconductivity properties
resistant • Engine components in jet planes

• Electrical insulators in power stations

high resistance High refractive Making prisms
to heat index

Types of ceramics Types of ceramics

Traditional ceramics Advanced ceramics
• Clay is mixed with water to produce a soft, • Made of inorganic compounds

mouldable mixture (oxides, carbides, nitrides)
• Kaolin, Al2O3, 2SiO2, 2h2o • Higher resistance to heat & abrasion
• Mixture is heated at very high temperature • More chemically inert & superconductivity properties
• Used to m ake bricks, pottery, crockery • Silicon carbide: cutting discs, brake discs
• Tungsten carbide rings

8.4 Composite Materials & its Importance Properties of composite materials

• Made from combining 2 or more non-homogenous substances (matrix Reinforced •High compression strength
substances & strengthening substances) concrete •High stretching strength
•Resistant to corrosion
• Matrix subs. surrounds & binds strengthening subs.

Composite Strengthening substance Matrix Uses Optical fibre •Flexible
material Wire mesh/ steel bars substance •High compression strength
Reinforced dams, bridges & buildings
concrete concrete
Fibre glass Car bumpers, helmets, printed circuit
Glass fibres plastic boards Photochromic •Transparent
Optical fibre Video camera, cables in computer glass •Absorbs UV rays
Silica glass Glass / networks •The absorption of UV rays depends on light intensity
Photochromic plastic (outer
glass AgCl (darkens the glass by blocking layer) Car window, camera lens, building Superconductor •No electrical resistance at very low temperature
passage of light) window
Superconductor CuCl (catalyses reverse process in dim glass
light) Electromagnets, magnetic resonance
Yttrium barium copper oxide, YBCO imaging (MRI) Fibre glass •High stretching strength • Resistant to corrosion
•Heat & electrical insulator • Durable

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