YEAR 4 MACHINES NOTES

NOTES YEAR 4 TOPIC: MACHINES

UNIT 10: MACHINE

Simple Machines

: A tool that enables us to do things faster and easier.
There are 7 simple machines.

1. Lever

 Lever is a tool consists of a rod which can move at fixed point called fulcrum.
 Function: To lift or move object easily

force The hand that push the road downward

load The box act as a load

The point of rod that touches the fulcrum
rock is the fulcrum

more force needed load less force needed

load

fulcrum fulcrum

The closer the load from the fulcrum, the lesser the force needed to lift the load.

Examples of lever:

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NOTES YEAR 4 TOPIC: MACHINES

2. Gear

 Gear is tool that consists of jagged wheel.
 Function: To change the direction or speed of an object easily

Examples of gear:

Gear in watch Gear in bicycle

3. Pulley

 Pulley is tool consists of wheel with groove that allows rope to pass
through

 Function: To lift or move an object vertically with ease

Examples of pulley:

Pulley in lifting Pulley in crane

4. Wedge

 Wedge is tool that has one pointed end.
 Function: To cut or separate object, and to stop object movement

Examples of wedge:

Wedge at a doorstopper Wedge at a knife Wedge at an axe

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NOTES YEAR 4 TOPIC: MACHINES

5. Screw

 Screw is tool that has spiral inclined called thread.
 Function: To unite or tighten two parts of an object.

Examples of screw:

Screw at the door A bottle and its cap

6. Inclined plane

 Inclined plane is a tilted flat surface that has one of its end at a
different height.

 Function: To move the load from a lower place to higher place easily

Examples of inclined plane:

Stair Slides

7. Wheel and axle
 Wheel and axle is a tool that has wheel fixed on a rod called an axle
 Function: To move or rotate object

Examples of wheel and axle: wheel
axle

Doorknob Water faucet

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NOTES YEAR 4 TOPIC: MACHINES

UNIT 10: MACHINE

Complex Machines

: A tool that consists of a combination of more than one simple machine

Examples of complex machine:
1. A pair of scissor has 3 simple machines

i. Lever (the screw in the middle acts as a fulcrum)
ii. Wedge
iii. Screw

Lever

Wedge

Screw

2. A wheelbarrow has 3 simple machines
i. Lever
ii. Screw

iii. Wheel and axle

Lever

Screw Wheel and axle

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NOTES YEAR 4 TOPIC: MACHINES

3. A fishing rod has 2 simple machines
i. Lever
ii. Wheel and axle

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