Trade-merged

Trade

Friday, September 10, 2021
7:29 PM

Very short question from book page 263

Foreign trade or the international trade refers the exchange of goods and services between the people
of different countries .Specializations and efficient allocation of the resources is the important aspect
of the foreign trade .

Explain composition growth and trend of Nepalese foreign trade

In past ,Nepal's trade relation was only with India and Tibet .Nepal initiated trade relation with
overseas countries from 1956 AD. The growth trend of foreign trade of Nepal has been increasing year
after year leaving huge amount of trade deficit .
Composition of Nepalese foreign trade .
The composition of Nepalese foreign trade refers to various item of export and import , It shows the
present situation of export and import of various commodities trade in particular fiscal year .Hence, It
gives the real image of the economy particularly on trade
The principle items exported to India and foreign counties consists of jute, pulses , item , oil seed .
Ginger ,live animas. food ,carpet , ready made garment, handicrafts herbs etc. On the other hand ,
Nepal imports various finished goods ,semi finished goods, raw materials of industries machinery
equipment's chemical fertilizer petroleum products etc from India china and overseas counties .
Direction of foreign trade
India and Tibet are the major traditional trading partners of Nepal. So. Before 1950 AD ,trade was
limited with India and Tibet . More than 90 % of the total trade was with India and only few
percentage of trade with Tibet .The trade with oversees counties was almost nil .Nepal has adopt the
trade diversification policy after third five year plan. Nepal has not able to diversify its trade deficit as
its expectation . The trade deficit is ever increasing . According to Economic survey of fiscal year
2020/21 AD Nepal exported 72 % to India and 1% to China and only 27 % to rest of the
world .Nepal imported 66% from India , 14 % from the china and 20% from rest of the world .It
shows the Nepal foreign trade is India centered for both export and import .

Explain the main problems of foreign trade of Nepal

Nepal is facing a problem of ever increasing trade deficit .Nepal is not able to maintain trade
balance as its expectation .
The main problems of foreign trade of Nepal are
1) Land locked country : Nepal is Land locked country .It is surrounded at three side by India and

remaining side by China It has no direct access to the sea Transportation facility always depend
to India and its will. Due to this reason there is limited trade with overseas
2) Lack of trade divarication : Nepal is heavily depends on India .There are limited countries and
limited goods are exported .
3) High cost of production of production :Due to the use of primitive and inefficient technology ,
unskilled labor , manual labour force , imported raw material ,lack of communication and
efficient transportation ,the cost of production is high but quality is low in comparison to India
and china
4) Low development of manufactures industries: Due to the internal conflict , poverty , lack of
electricity etc there is slow development of manufacturing industries , there is limited market
cause the low development of manufactures of industries
5) Lack of raw material :Most of the Nepalese industries are base on the agriculture and imported
materials .Due to the the lack od transportation and communication , organized market ,seasonal
availability of raw materials in limited amount .It increase the cost of production .In the
atmosphere of tough competition of India and China., Nepal is facing the problem .
6) low production : In Nepal , there is slow development of industrial and agricultural sectors .The
number as well as the the volume of the production of exportable goods and service is limited.
So ,there is problem to promote the international trade
7) Lack of publicity and advertise :Advertisement , publicity and exploration plays the permanent

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7) Lack of publicity and advertise :Advertisement , publicity and exploration plays the permanent
role in boosting export trade. As these have not been handle in attractive, speedy and satisfactory
development of Nepalese export trade could not take place .

8) Defective government policy

Suggest your remedial measures to reduce the trade deficit of Nepal .

book page 352 Q 16

Evaluate why foreign employment and remittance has both advantages and
disadvantages in Nepalese economy

book page 365 Q 22

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planning 2

Wednesday, February 2, 2022
11:01 AM

Book page 276

Question 1 to 3

What is planning ? Describe the process of plan formulation

Ans page 357 Q 18

Evaluate the immediate past plan.

The past immediate past plan is The Fourteenth Plan (2073-2076) .
The objective of the plan was ' to bring about socio- economic
transformation through rapid poverty reduction with speedy economic
growth and productive employment and equitable distribution
The fourteenth plan was oriented to wards securing the millennium and
SAARC development goals, promoting sustainable development and human
right , alleviating poverty by attaining gender equality social inclusion
protection of environment.
Out of three essential indicators of developing countries Nepal has achieves
human asset index and economic vulnerability index .But Nepal has not
achieve income per capita .
Out of 16 targets set in 14th plnae , Nepal has achieved onlty three targets .Ther
are inflation ,HDI , population with acess to electicaity .
Annual economic growth was targeted 7.2% but achieved 6.9% .Life
expectancy at birth was targeted 72 years but achieved 69.7 years .Literacy
rate (15-24 ) years was targeted 92 % but achieved 85 % . Likewise
agriculture sectors growth rate , non agriculture , population below poverty
line ,net enrolment at secondary level , population with access to internet ,
irrigation , etc are not meet the target .
Let's hope Nepal meets all target in 15th plan

Write in brief about the objectives of current plan.

• To provide easily accessible, qualitative and modern infrastructure, productive
employment generation, high sustainable inclusive economic growth through
poverty alleviation.

• To provide qualitative health and a healthy environment, social justice,
accountable social service and quality of life.

• To protect the national benefit of democracy, sovereignty and ensure socio-
economic transformation for a strong economic foundation.
Long Term National Objectives:

1. Accessible modern infrastructure and intensive connectivity.
2. Development and full utilization of human capital potentials.
3. High and sustainable production and productivity.
4. High and equitable national income.
5. Well-being and decent life.
6. Safe, civilized and just society.
7. Healthy and balanced environment.
8. Good governance, Comprehensive democracy, National unity, security, and

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8. Good governance, Comprehensive democracy, National unity, security, and
dignity.

Write in brief about the strategy of of current plan

1. Achieve rapid, sustainable and employment-oriented economic growth
2. Ensure affordable and quality health care and education
3. Develop internal and international interconnectivity and sustainable

cities/settlements
4. Increase production and productivity
5. Provide a comprehensive, sustainable and productive social security and

protection
6. Build a just society characterized by poverty alleviation and socio-economic

equality
7. Conserve and utilize natural resources and improve resilience
8. Strengthen public services, enhance balanced provincial development, and

promote national unity

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Goal 2

Sunday, February 6, 2022
3:29 PM

What is sustainable development ?

• Sustainable development has been defined as development that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
For sustainable development to be achieved, it is crucial to harmonize three core elements: economic
growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. These elements are interconnected and all are crucial
for the well-being of individuals and societies.

What is decent work ?

Decent work means opportunities for every- one to get work that is productive and delivers a fair
income, security and respect in the workplace , social protection for families, mental and physical
integrity , better prospects for personal development and social integration. Decent work promotes the
sustain economic growth, higher level of productivity ,technological innovation ,encourage
entrepreneurship, job creation .It eradicate the forced labour, slavery mind and human trafficking

Write short note about No poverty and Nepal?

No poverty is the first goal of the UN .Eradication of poverty of all form from the world is very
challenging. Poverty of one place is the threaten to other place .women are more poorer than man in
developing country because women are less paid in work , less education and own less property .
Nepal is facing the problem of the poverty .In Nepal 16.7 % of people are poor . Nepal should use
labour force , natural resource properly to reduce the poverty

Write about zero hunger and Nepal

page 279

What is quality education ?

A quality education is one that focuses on the development of social , emotional ,mental ,physical
development of the whole child. It aims to provide equal access the affordable vocational training .

Explain sustainable Development goal of united nations.

8 marks 8

The sustainable development goals were set in 2015 by United Nation General Assembly and are

intended to be achieved by the year 2030. The seventeen goals of united nations for sustainable

development are as under

1. No Poverty –. It is estimated that over 800 million people still live in extreme poverty.

This goal aims at ending poverty in all its forms worldwide, by 2030 .To end poverty,

everyone should have basic healthcare, security and education.

2. Zero Hunger – It aim to end global hunger, achieving food security, improving
nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture. The goal also looks into the economic
aspects of achieving better agricultural productivity and at increasing the income of
farmers, increasing the quality of food and implementing sustainable agricultural
methods.

3. Good Health and Well-Being –. It aims at increasing life expectancy, reducing maternal
mortality, decreasing child mortality, improving the fight against communicable diseases,
controlling disease outbreaks, making health services accessible to everyone, and
addressing issues such as bad mental health.

4. Quality Education – It aims to ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education for all
and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all.

5. Gender Equality – discrimination against women and girls are challenging hurdles to
development It aims to achieve gender equality and to empower all women and girls. It
eliminate all types of violence against the women ,girls and children .Gender equality is

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eliminate all types of violence against the women ,girls and children .Gender equality is
a human right, and is vital for a peaceful, prosperous world.

6. Clean Water and Sanitation –Clean water protects from the diseases It aims hygienic
sanitation facilities , water quality, reducing water pollution, managing wastewater
efficiently etc.

7. Affordable and Clean Energy – Energy is one of the most important necessities in life
This goal aim to ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, Sustainable and modern
energy ,wider use of renewable sources and increasing energy efficiency for all.

8. Decent Work and Economic Growth –Decent work and economic growth save the
people from forced labour slavery and human trafficking The aim is for sustainable
economic growth and decent employment for all.

9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure – It aims at building resilient infrastructure,
promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization and fostering innovation. improving
the research field, upgrading technological capabilities to create employment for
sustainable development .

10. Reduced Inequalities – It aims to reduced inequalities that limit the opportunities and
participation of certain groups, and constraint their social inclusion, within and among
countries by empowering every social group irrespective of their race, ethnicity, number
of members, or other factors.

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities – It aim to increase affordable housing and make
settlements inclusive, safe and sustainable .

12. Responsible Consumption and Production – drastically increasing population in the
world demand more resource. This goal aims to foster eco-friendly production, reduce
waste and boost recycling in scientific way.

13. Climate Action – Climate change is affecting every country on every continent. It is
disrupting national economies and affecting lives. It targets at conserving the nature
through various methods, increasing awareness on environment degradation,
implementing plans to tackle climate change use of renewable energy.

14. Life Below Water –The ocean drives global systems that make the Earth habitable for
humankind. Our rainwater, drinking water, weather, climate, coastlines, much of our
food, and even the oxygen in the air we breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated
by the sea. The aim is to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine
resources.

15. Life on Land – Goal 15 is about conserving the terrestrial biodiversity of our planet, by
protecting, restoring and promoting sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. The goal
aims at conservation of ecosystems, fighting desertification and at reducing poaching and
hunting.

16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions – Conflict, insecurity, weak institutions and
limited access to justice remain a great threat to sustainable development. The aim is
inclusive societies with strong institutions that provide justice for all. ending all kind of
violence and abuse.

17. Partnership for the Goals – .The partnership at the global regional national and local
levels, built successful development agenda The Vision , principle and values built by

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levels, built successful development agenda The Vision , principle and values built by
inclusive and strong partnerships strength the means of implementation and revitalize the
global partnership for sustainable development.placing people and the planet at the centre.

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