Page 2 of 13 ENGLISH Total Marks: 15 Q. No. 1. Write short answers of any THREE of the following questions. (2 + 2 + 2 = 6) Why did Norma consider the tone and attitude of Mr. Steward offensive? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Why didn’t the old man follow the advice of the doctors? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What was the climate they faced? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What was the time when the boy tried to snatch the purse of the woman? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Page 3 of 13 Q. No. 2. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct option given below each sentence. (4) 1. Where did Norma put the lamb chops? a) in the oven b) in the broiler c) in the freezer d) in the basket 2. What did they see on Martian Hills? a) the old cities b) flower beds c) stream of fresh water d) a deep valley 3. The rich people gathered at a hall: a) for a lecture b) for a discussion c) for a great meal d) for watching a show 4. How many years ago did the doctor advise the old man to take rest: a) ten b) twenty c) thirty d) forty Q. No. 3. Write the Theme of the poem: “In The Street Of Fruit Stalls” By J. Stallworthy. (4) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Page 4 of 13 اردو ر مب کل : 5 1 ن ر مب سوالن 1 :حرپ ر کر یں۔ ات ت ل سواالت کے ج وای ی ہ ذ درچ من )6 ) ھا؟ ا ب جا ہن ا مہ کون کرای رج ودی”کا پ 1 م ”اسرار ج ظ ن ال کی ن ۔ غالمہ اق ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ 2 حرپ ر کر یں۔ ھی ت ب ال ک من عری ف کر یں۔ اور ای طع کی ت ق م ۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ 3 حرپ ر کر یں۔ ھی ت ب ال ک من عری ف کر یں اور ای ۔ ردی ف کی ت ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔
Page 5 of 13 ر مب سوالن 2 :ے۔ ئ ئ ج کی لوں کو درست جم ل ی ے درج ذ ہوب ے ھئ ک ر ر ظ یث کو مد ن ن ا ذک بر و ی ی )3) چا رکھا ہ 1 ے۔ جماعت م یں اودھم م ے کمرہ ۔ لڑکوں ب ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ 2۔ و ہ ے۔ و ٹ ی کی ف ہ م برے بھائ ن ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ 3 ی۔ ھائ ے پ رسوں جلف اب ل نم ب ع ت ۔ وزپ ر ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ر مب ک سوالن 3 :یٹ کے حصول ف ی ر سرن کر یکب ھ یں۔ واست لک ام درج ل کے ی سن ن ے پ ر کے )6 )لئ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔
Page 6 of 13 MATHEMATICS Total Marks: 15 Encircle the correct answer from the following choices. 1. The cofactor of an element ij a ( having minor Mij ) denoted by Aij is: (a) ij ij 1 M (b) ij i j M 1 (c) ij i j M 1 (d) ij i j M 1 2. The Harmonic mean between two numbers a and b is: (a) 2 a b (b) a b ab (c) a b 2 (d) a b ab 2 3. The modulus of 3 4i is: (a) 13 (b) 5 (c) 13 (d) 1 4. The polynomial 8 3 2 ax bx has degree: (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 8 5. The period of 2 x Sin is: (a) 2 (b) (c) 3 (d) 4 6. The sequence 8 1 , 4 1 , 2 1 1, is: (a) Arithmetic Progression (b) Harmonic Progression (c) Geometric Progression (d) Harmonic series 7. 4 4C has the value equal to: (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
Page 7 of 13 8. The 5th term of the G.P 3,6,12, is: (a) 48 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 15 9. If 3 6 2 3 2 x x x is divided by x 2 , then remainder is: (a) 14 (b) -14 (c) 6 (d) 18 10. If 2 1 Cos then is equal to: (a) 30o (b) 60o (c) 45o (d) 90o 11. If A is a square matrix and A A t , then A is: (a) Symmetric (b) Hermitian (c) Skew-Hermitian (d) Skew-symmetric 12. If 1 0 x 1 A and 2 A I, then x is equal to: (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 0 13. 12 radian measure in degree is equal to: (a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 20o (d) 15o 14. Sin equals: (a) 2 2 Sin (b) 2 2 Sin Cos (c) 2 2 2 Cos (d) 2 2 2 Sin Cos 15. 0! = ? (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) -1
Page 8 of 13 CHEMISTRY Total Marks: 15 Encircle the correct answer from the following choices. 1. The rate of filtration through conical funnel can be considerably increased by using----- (a) Filter paper (b) Fluted filter paper (c) Gooch crucible (d) None of these 2. In combustion analysis, Mg(ClO4)2 is used to absorb -----------------gas. (a) CO (b) CO2 (c) H2O (d) KOH 3. The branch of chemistry which tells us the quantitative relationship between the reactant and product in a balanced chemical equation is called -----------------. (a) Analytical chemistry (b) Industrial chemistry (c) Stoichiometry (d) Physical chemistry 4. 4Be9 + 2He4 -------------- + 0n 1 (a) 7N 14 (b) 6C 12 (c) 6P 12 (d) 3B 6 5. When the excited atoms of hydrogen are placed in a magnetic field, its spectral lines are further split up into closely spaced lines. This type of splitting is called------------------- (a) Stark effect (b) Zeeman effect (c) Compton effect (d) None of these 6. The structure of carbon dioxide is ----------------------------- (a) Linear (b) Triangular planer (c) Bent shaped (d) Tetrahedral 7. In a period from left to right ionization energy is -----------------. (a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Constant (d) None of these
Page 9 of 13 8. In electrolytes ,conduction is due to the movement of free ----------------- (a) Electrons (b) Ions (c) Protons (d) None of these 9. Fog is a type of ----------------- solution (a) Liquid in liquid (b) Liquid in solid (c) Liquid in gas (d) Gas in gas 10. The solutions which resists to change in its PH value when a small amount of acid or base is added to them is called ----------------------. (a) Molar solution (b) Buffer solution (c) Concentrated solution (d) Basic solution 11. The solubility of Li2CO3 ------------------with increase in temperature. (a) Decrease (b) Increase (c) Remains the same (d) None of these 12. The branch of chemistry which deals with the interconversion of electrical energy and chemical energy is called ------------------------------. (a) Electrochemistry (b) Industrial chemistry (c) Analytical chemistry (d) Nuclear chemistry 13. The amount of heat evolved when one mole of a substance is completely burnt in excess of oxygen under standard condition is called --------------------- (a) Enthalpy of neutralization (b) Enthalpy of combustion (c) Enthalpy of solution (d) Enthalpy of atomization 14. Which one of the following compound has zero dipole-moment. (a) BF3 (b) HBr (c) SO2 (d) H2O 15. The formula which shows the simplest whole number ratio between the atoms of different elements present in a compound is called ------------------------ (a) Empirical Formula (b) Molecular Formula (c) Chemical Formula (d) Structural Formula
Page 10 of 13 PHYSICS Total Marks: 15 Encircle the correct answer from the following choices. 1. Which one is used to check the correctness of formula? (a) Graphical analysis (b) Geometrical analysis (c) Dimensional analysis (d) Formula analysis 2. Number of significant digits in 0.00650 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 3. If A i j k ˆ ˆ ˆ 3 , the magnitude of A is: (a) 3 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 10 4. The magnitude of ixk j ˆ . ˆ ˆ is: (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 3 5. Time rate of change of momentum of the body is called as: (a) Angular momentum (b) Linear Momentum (c) Torque (d) Force 6. An object is dropped from a tower with zero velocity, reaches ground in 4 sec. the height of tower (a) 19.6 m (b) 39.2 m (c) 78.4 m (d) 156.8 m 7. The angle between the applied force and the displacement is 90o . the work done is (a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d) Negative
Page 11 of 13 8. A 70 kg man lifts a load of 50 kg up through a height of 5 m in 5 sec. the work done is (a) Zero (b) 245 J (c) 2450 J (d) 24500 J 9. Moment of Inertia of spherical object is (a) 2 2 1 mr (b) 2 2 5 mr (c) 2 mr (d) 2 5 2 mr 10. The number of satellites which are required to cover the whole earth are (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2 11. A force which is required to slide one layer of the fluid slide over another is called: (a) Drag force (b) Accelerating force (c) viscosity (d) cohesive force 12. One torr is equal to: (a) 1.33 Nm-2 (b) 13.3 Nm-2 (c) 133.3 Nm-2 (d) 0.133 Nm-2 13. Time period of simple pendulum of length “l” placed in a cabin that is falling freely under gravity is (a) Zero (b) Infinite (c) g l 2 (d) l g 2 14. If the mass of simple pendulum is doubled, then its time period becomes: (a) Double (b) reduces to half (c) one fourth (d) not change 15. In circular motion, when quarter of cycle is completed, the phase of vibration is: (a) 0o (b) 90o (c) 120o (d) 180o
Page 12 of 13 BIOLOGY Total Marks: 15 Encircle the correct answer from the following choices. 1. The study of distribution of organisms in the nature is called. (a) Wild life (b) Geography (c) Ecology (d) Zoogeography 2. The reasoning from general to specific is called. (a) Deductive (b) Inductive (c) Scientific (d) Theoretical 3. Peptide bond is a. (a) C-N link (b) C-O link (c) N-H link (d) C-H link 4. An activated enzyme consisting of polypeptide chain and a cofactor is known as. (a) Holoenzyme (b) Apoenzyme (c) Coenzyme (d) Zymogen 5. ______________ inhibitor occupies the active sites by forming covalent bonds or they may physically block the active sites. (a) Reversible (b) Irreparable (c) Reparable (d) Irreversible 6. Chlorophyll has Mg++ while hemoglobin has ___________ as the central atom. (a) Ca++ (b) K+ (c) Fe++ (d) Na++ 7. Peroxisomes are characterized by containing H2O2- producing oxidase and_______. (a) Ligase (b) Polymerase (c) Isomerase (d) Catalase
Page 13 of 13 8. Cell in the ____________ system can also be infected by HIV. (a) Central nervous (b) Digestive (c) Circulatory (d) Respiratory 9. 162 capsomeres are present in the __________ of herpes virus. (a) Head (b) Tail (c) Capsid (d) Neck 10. ___________ can induce auditory nerve thus causing deafness. (a) Tetracycline (b) Chloramphenicol (c) Streptomycin (d) Neomycin 11. Flagellum is made up of protein. (a) Flagellin (b) Tubulin (c) Insulin (d) Globin 12. Ciliates are unicellular organisms with a flexible outer covering called a________. (a) Pellicle (b) Skin (c) Ectoderm (d) Integument 13. 50% or so of ___________ are occurring in lichens. (a) Ascomycota (b) Zygomycota (c) Basidiomycota (d) Deuteromycota 14. Mammals have evolved from reptilian ancestor, the__________. (a) Dinosaurs (b) Varanope (c) Cotylosaurs (d) Ichthyosaurs 15. In the first step of citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form. (a) Pyruvate (b) Citrate (c) NADH (d) ATP