42 Do Mother scraped the coconuts And threw away the shells. “Oh, do not be so cruel” Chintoo heard them yell. So he picked them up and brought them in And with Dada’s help Made some very pretty bowls With sequins and coloured threads. “Mother, you can use these bowls To keep whatever you like” “Oh how clever is my Chintoo!” Said mother with delight. And all who saw these smiling bowls Asked Chintoo how its done. Chintoo gladly told his tricks For the benefit of everyone. 2. Make an Article Using Coconut Shell Here are Chintoo’s instructions for making the coconut shell bowls. Step 1 Use sand paper to rub the inside and outside surfaces of the coconut shells to make them clean and smooth. Step 2 Take one spent reel of sellotape for each coconut shell. A broad bangle can also be used. Step 3 Use glue to stick the base of the coconut shell on a reel. It will form a stand for the bowl. Step 4 Now decorate the bowl and its stand with beads, sequins, coloured threads, etc. Your bowls are ready to use!
Do 43 4. Optional Activities 1.1 Kitchen Gardening To see how a kitchen garden is planned. Kitchen Garden : When vegetables are grown in the space around one’s house, it is called a kitchen garden. Plants like coriander, radishes, chillies, fenugreek, brinjal, various gourds, bitter gourds, okra/lady fingers, cluster beans, ginger are grown. The kitchen garden is planned according to the space available. Different types of soil beds are prepared. Flat bed, raised bed and ridged or furrowed bed are the types of beds that can be used. Give information in the class about the different types of beds that have to be prepared for growing vegetables. 1. Area : Food (1) Grow seedlings in empty boxes, coconut shells, paper cups, etc. (2) Make a list of the vegetables you like. My Activity
44 Do Let’s play a game. Find the names of the vegetables hidden in the box below: Arrange a visit to kitchen garden in the neighbourhood and explain how it is laid out. ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ ................................................ Picture reading My Activity r x g i n g e r c a z m l q c h a s d f j t s e b b r i n j a l b e a n s c g o a h j u v h a o g p e a s i r n e w k v u l l i x d x f g l i o g o u r d i c n
Do 45 1.2 Growing Plants in Pots (Pot Culture) Obtaining preliminary information about growing plants in pots. Plants must be chosen according to the size of the pots. Lilies, dahlias, marigolds, asters, roses, hibiscus, mogara, etc. can be grown in pots. First, the pots must be filled with soil mixed with fertilizers. A fertilizer is a mixture which provides the micronutrients required for the growth of plants. Fertilizers are of two kinds: 1. Organic fertilizers 2. Chemical fertilizers Watering potted plants A plant must be watered immediately after it is potted. Then the pot must be placed in the shade. Once the plant has taken root and looks fresh, it can be placed in the sun. Water the plants in the pots using a watering can with a rose. The amount of water to be given depends on the size of the pot. Too much water will causes the roots to swell. Water the plant when the soil in the pot becomes dry. Either clay or cement pots can be used for planting. Clay pots are the most suitable for the growth of plants. There should be a hole in the bottom of the pot. This helps to drain the extra water from the soil and to aerate the roots. Pots must be cleaned from the outside at least once a year. Give information about pots on a visit to a nearby kitchen garden.
46 Do Fruit trees can be of different sizes. Mango, jackfruit, jamun trees are very big whereas banana, papaya, chickoo trees are of medium size. Grapes grow on a climber. A banana tree has a brittle, soft and thick main stem. It is green in colour. The leaf is broad and very long. First, an inflorescence appears on the banana tree. This develops gradually into fruits i.e. a bunch of bananas. The mango is everyone’s favourite fruit. The trunk of the mango tree is thick hard and blackish brown. The leaves are deep green in colour. Mango blossoms appear in a particular season. A blossom develops into a green raw mango which in turn becomes a ripe mango. Mangoes are used to make several different foods. The trunk of the chickoo tree is strong and brown in colour. The leaves are lighter green and of medium size. Flowers are white and the fruit is dark brown and oblong or round. There are black seeds at the centre of the fruit. Chickoo is used for eating or for making several food preparations. Banana Mango Chickoo Draw pictures of the mango, chickoo and banana and colour them. Visit an orchard in the neighbourhood to get the students to observe the fruit trees and obtain information about them. All kinds of fruits should be eaten when ripe and should be washed well before eating. My Activity 1.3 Fruit Processing Fruit Trees
Do 47 What is fishing? Fish are used by humans as a nutritious food. Big fish live in seas, rivers, big lakes. Small fish live in streams, ponds, canals, etc. Catching fish is called fishing. How are fish caught? There are several methods of catching fish. Very large fish live in seas and big rivers. Mechanical devices and various kinds of nets are used to catch them. We will learn about them next year. Let us learn about the basic simple methods of fishing. (1) Standing in the water to catch fish. Small fish can be caught in this way by standing in shallow water. If the water is deeper, some people may even dive under it to catch the fish. People use their hands to catch small fish. (2) Using spears to catch fish. A fish is speared using a hand held spear. (3) Using a hook to catch fish. The hook is a very simple and useful fishing device. It has the shape of the letter J. Its one end is very sharp. A ‘bait’ or a piece of fish food is tied to it. A string or 1.4 The Fish Industry Obtaining preliminary information about fishing
48 Do ‘line’ is tied to its other end. A ‘float’ is tied to the upper end of the string. When the hook is let into the water the fish tries to eat the bait attached to it and the float shakes. The fisherman then pulls the rod out with a jerk. The sharp end of the hook is fixed in the fish’s mouth. It is detached and the fish is put in a basket. Another bait is fixed on the hook and lowered into the water. This is how a hook is used for fishing. (4) Using traps for fishing. Thin strips of bamboo are used to make a trap. A trap is shaped like a ‘mrudang’. The bait is placed inside the trap. Sharp strips of bamboo are fixed on the inner side of the trap. As a result, once the fish enters the trap, it cannot go out again. They get trapped inside. These are four simple and basic methods of fishing. People who live on river banks know about these methods. My Activity Fish Hooks Traps made from thin strips of bamboo (1) Make a model of a fish hook. (2) Draw a picture of a fish trap. (3) If possible, go with some elder person to watch people fishing. Ask the students to visit fish market in their area and get information of various fish by observing them.
Do 49 Unit-1 : Actually handling a boll/sliver of cotton and a spindle This is Spindle speaking... Hey, kids, do you see me? I’m Spindle. How do you do? But, we don’t know what a Spindle looks like. Well, that’s just why I am introducing myself. So, here I am …. Spindle. You know that cloth is mode from cotton. But first the cotton has to be drawn into a yarn or thread. This is called spinning. The simplest device for spinning yarn is me ….. Spindle. Now, what did you say? That machines are used for spinning. You are right, there. But before the machine was invented, I had to help produce the yarn. Then the spinning wheel was invented. The spindle and the wheel were used to draw yarn in every household. And cloth was woven on a manual loom or handloom. This work is carried on in some households even today. Children, I am not a machine. My structure is very simple. I have only two parts a shaft and a whorl. My shaft is made of steel. It is about as thick as a thick incense stick (agarbatti) and is 18 cm long. The top end of the shaft is flattened and has a notch. About 2.5 cm from its lower end a brass disc ‘whorl’ is 2. Area: Clothing 2.1 Cloth Production
50 Do fitted to the shaft. My lower end is sharp and is called the tip or point. So, this is me ………. a Spindle What did you say? Where’s the cotton required to make the thread? Well, that’s mighty clever of you! Last year you learnt to clean the cotton didn’t you? That clean cotton is carded and shaped into a thick, full wick-like shape about 15 to 18 cm long. This is the ‘sliver’ from which the yarn is drawn. The ‘sliver’ and I, spindle together spin the yarn. What’s that? You’d like to touch me? Sure, you’re welcome! As you do so, do measure my length and the size of the whorl. See how full is the sliver of cotton. And, yes, do take care that my sharp tip or point does not poke anyone. Try turning me around. But we shall draw the yarn for next is, in Std IV. Learn by heart : (1) See how the spindle goes Spin, spin, spin. Drawing yarn from the cotton Long and thin. (2) Make a model of a spindle using a long, round, thick stick and a piece of cardboard. Show an actual spindle or a picture, for the children to observe. Give them information about spinning. Sliver My Activity
Do 51 Give information about tailoring. How does the game help? 1. Eyes become sharper. 2. We develop hand-eye coordination. 3. We can do basic stitching. 4. We learn to work with each other’s help. Take care while playing : 1. Do not poke each other with the needles. 2. When the game is over place the threaded needles in a small box or pin it to a paper and put it away carefully. 1. Thread a needle once every day. 2. Collect samples of cloth from some one who does tailoring and stick them in a scrap book. 2.2 Basic Tailoring Threading a Needle Let’s play a game. My Activity
52 Do 2.3 Doll Making You like to wear a mask, don’t you? We have a lot of fun wearing a mask on occasions like a birthday, Holi or Rangapanchami. We can buy masks but let us learn to make one. Materials : A big paper plate (about the size of your head), a thick needle and thread, scissors, red and black felt pens, glue, felt plain yellow and plain white paper, pictures of animals, birds, flowers, fruits, etc. Do this: 1. Use the black and red sketch pens appropriately to draw eyes, nose, ears, lips, etc. on the outer surface of the paper plate. 2. Draw a picture of an animal, bird, flower, fruit that you like. Cut out the shape of the eyes from the picture. 3. Make holes on the two sides of the plate near the ears and pass a thread through each. 4. The thread should be long enough to go around the head and be tied into a knot. 5. Place the mask on your face and tie the knot behind your head. Make masks of different shapes. Demonstrate how to make the mask, in the classroom, or show a picture of one and tell children to make masks. Pictures on this page are of masks that children have themselves made. My Activity
Do 53 Write the names and uses of articles made from coir or coconut. What do you see in the picture? .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. Uses What do you see in the picture? .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. Uses What do you see in the picture? .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. Uses What do you see in the picture? .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. Uses 2.4 Coir Work
54 Do (1) Write the uses of things as shown in the picture. (2) Draw a picture of one thing in your house that is made from coir. Show the class the things that are available. If possible arrange a visit to a coir centre. What do you see in the picture? .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. Uses What do you see in the picture? .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. Uses My Activity
Do 55 Making the shapes of fruits, vegetables, etc. in clay. Materials : Clay, water, a wooden board, a pointed object, a large pan, a broom, duster, etc. for cleaning. Method 1. Guava : • Observe a guava. Take a lump of clay. • Give it a slightly tapering shape at one place. • Make a small depression one side for the stalk. Make a stalk and stick it there and shape it neatly. With a wet hand, smoothen the shape. 2. Apple : • Observe an apple. Make a round ball of clay. • To give the dipped shape, press with your thumb on opposite sides. Make the stalk and stick it there. 3. Bottle Gourd : • Observe a bottle gourd. Make a longish shape from clay. Shape it like a bottle gourd and fix a stalk on it. Observe fruits and vegetables and make clay fruits and vegetables like them. Show those things in the class that are actually available. Explain the students details in clay work. If possible, arrange a field visit. 3. Area : Shelter My Activity 3.1 Clay Modelling
56 Do Take bamboo strips of different lengths and make a variety of shapes. In view of the age of the children avoid using tools with sharp points or edges. Give guidance where necessary. 3.2 Bamboo and Cane Work Making different shapes using bamboo strips and sticks. Materials and tools : Four bamboo strips of equal lengths (for example, all 15 cm long or all 10 cm long). Strong thread. Procedure 1. Take four bamboo strips of equal length. 2. Place their ends on each other as shown in the figure. 3. Tie them together firmly with a thread. Can you tell what shape this is ? 1. Take two bamboo strips of equal length. 2. Take another two strips of equal length but different in length from the first two. 3. Place the sticks as shown in the figure and tie the ends together firmly with a thread. Can you tell what shape this is ? 1. Take three bamboo strips of equal length. 2. Place their ends on each other as shown in the figure. 3. Tie them tightly with a thread. Which shape have you made now? My Activity
Do 57 My Activity Finding out which flowers and buds are used to make garlands, gajaras, etc. Gajara - A small garland, 15 to 30 cms made from small flowers and their buds is called a gajara. The flowers may be threaded together or their stalks may be woven together to make gajara. Gajaras are worn in their hair by women and girls. Mogara, jaai, jui, aboli, chameli, bakul, tuberose are the flowers used to make gajaras. Buds of flowers like the mogara, jaai, jui, chameli are plucked and kept in the water along with their stalks when they are ready to open. These flowers remain fresh for a longer time. Large compact flowers / Garlands - (i.e. flowers whose many petals grow close to each other) and mango, ashoka or tagar leaves are threaded artistically on a string to make long garlands. Such garlands are used on occasions like religious functions, welcome or farewell functions, for statues, wedding ceremonies, etc. Marigolds, chrysanthemums, tuberose, mogara, asters, tagar, aboli are used for these garlands. These garlands are thick and long. A bouquet of flowers - Some of the flowers used for garlands can also be used to make a bunch or bouquet of flowers for decorations or as a gift. These flowers can also be arranged artistically for use during a function. 1. Go to a flower shop and observe the gajaras, garlands, torans displayed there. 2. Make a small garland. 3.3 Cultivation of Flowering and Ornamental Plants.
58 Do Conservation of Animals and Birds. Unit : To study how cows, buffaloes, goats, fowl are useful to humans. Characters : Children wearing masks of a cow, buffalo, goat and hen. Stage : Make place in the centre of the classroom. Dialogue A hen picking grain (A girl in the role of a hen acts the part.) Cow (Enter) : Hey, Mrs Hen! Haven’t you finished digging up the yard? Hen : Oh dear, you’ve come so early. Where did the cowherd go? Cow : Do you know what happened today! The Master and Mistress both went to the neighbouring village early this morning. And they won’t be coming back till late in the evening. So, we told the cowherd, ‘‘Why don’t you also take a day off today?’’ He promptly ran away. So, we too came back soon! Hen : But, do you know why Master and Mistress have gone? They’re going to sell all those eggs we gave and bring home a bagful of money! Cow : Oh well, you need not boast, you know. We are also very useful. Our milk too fetches a lot of money. Besides, yoghurt, butter, ghee, khoya, paneer also sell well and are a good source of income. Buffalo (Enter): Oh Tambutai! Don’t show off so much! We give much more milk than you do. And it doesn’t spoil easily. So many products are Other Areas Milk Dung
Do 59 My Activity made from our milk and there’s a great demand for it, too. (Goat comes hopping in.) Hen : Here’s our wild friend Goat ! So where have you been gallivanting today? Goat : You know Sister Hen, we don’t stay at home pecking at the ground like you. We go and find our own food. No one has to spend money for us. And yet we have our uses. We give milk and meat and all our parts as well as our droppings are useful, you know. Cow : That’s true of course, but after all we are the ones who provide bullocks for tilling the fields and cows for milk. Buffalo : Oh, you two can keeping talking but neither of you can compare with us. (Looking this side and that) Now, Oh dear! Where’s Hen disappeared. She must be foraging in the garbage. Hen : (Coming up) I’m right here. I noticed a kite hovering in the sky. It makes off with my chicks. So I shooed them into the pen. But I was listening to all that you said. The long and short of it is that we are all useful to humans. Why should we quarrel over that? Buffalo : She’s right. She looks small but she makes great sense. Anyway, the sun is setting and they’ll soon be back. Let’s all go back to our places. (All leave.) 1. Enact this dialogue in a class or in a school function. 2. Collect pictures of cows, buffaloes, goats and hens. Which are the domestic animals ? Explain the uses of domestic animals. Arrange a field visit. The dialogue given above is only suggestive. Suitable changes can be made in it as needed.
60 Do (a) Starting and shutting down the computer safely. The computer is a machine that works on electricity. It should be usderstood that the method of starting and shutting down the computer is different for different types of computers. The steps given below are an example of one type. 1. Before starting the computer, check all its connections (data and power supply wires). 2. Turn on the main switch of the power supply. Press the power button (ON/OFF) of the CPU. 3. Check to see if the indicator light of the monitor is on. 4. Observe the changes that take place on the screen while the computer is booting. Wait till the desktop appears. Road Safety: Divide the class into groups and to each group, explain the steps of starting and shutting down the computer. Then, let each one practice it for themselves while others observe. Some sample road signs have been given above. Make a chart of road signs and display them in the class. Explain the signs. My Activity Use colours to draw the above signs and explain to your friends what they mean. 5. Information Technology
Learn 61 1. Picture 1. Picture-Craft 2. Music (Vocal, Instrumental, Dance) 3. Drama • There are colourful flowers, leaves, trees and birds around us. Let’s get to know them. To remember the various shapes, colours let’s draw the shapes on paper. We can use coloured chalks, coloured pencils, colours to draw for this. • Let’s draw various lines, various shapes. Let’s remember and draw designs. Let’s draw the pictures you like and draw with the help of lines and shapes. Let’s practice lines and shapes to make your handwriting beautiful. 1. Picture
62 Learn Drawing Drawing means to make a picture using a pencil or pen Lines Vertical lines, horizontal lines Let’s draw lines. Let’s draw various shapes Using those lines. We feel like drawing nice pictures, isn’t it? Then first we must learn to draw a line. In Std II we learnt to draw lines. Now we need to practice that more. Once we learn to draw a line nicely, we will be able to draw beautiful pictures. Draw lines as shown above and create shapes. My Activity Ask the students to draw any lines and shapes they like. They can use pencils, sketch pens, marker pens, crayons, coloured pencils to practice lines.
Learn 63 Shapes are made of lines. So let’s draw triangles, squares and circles. One line straight Two lines slanting What does it make? Yes, it’s me, a triangle. The shape of leaves is triangular Can you tell me, in which other things is hidden the shape of a triangle? Two half cups joined together What do they make together? Yes, it’s me, a circle The ball’s shape is a circle The lemon’s shape is a circle Can you tell me, in which other things is hidden the shape of a circle? Two lines vertical Two lines horizontal What will they make? Yes, it’s me, a square A handkerchief is a square The TV in the house is a square Can you tell me, in which other things is hidden the shape of a square? Shapes
64 Learn Let’s draw from memory A tree, the sun, a house, train, butterfly, kite, a cloud or a bird, an animal, etc. Let’s remember. 1. We will be able to draw a good picture. 2. Don’t think that your picture is wrong. 3. Our picture is our own. 4. Drawing a picture will give us joy. Tell the students to draw other pictures from memory. Make sure that they do not copy a picture. Do not point out mistakes or faults in the picture as it is the student’s own picture. Acknowledge what is expressed in the picture. Memory Drawing
Learn 65 Let’s draw any picture from our own imagination. My doll, fairy queen, chocolate house, a rainbow, my birthday cake, etc. * Anybody can copy a picture. Drawing a picture from imagination is always the best! * Let’s draw a picture on a paper from our own imagination, very different from those of others. * Don’t think that your picture might be wrong. * Creating something of one’s own gives us a very special joy. Ask the students to draw a picture which is not similar to this one. Explain what imagination is. Imagination means a different picture of your own. Don’t point out mistakes because it’s their own picture. Understand the emotions in that picture. Praise/Appreciate the students. Draw something from your own imagination. Imaginative Drawing My Activity
66 Learn Sai : Rucha, the pattern on your frock is so beautiful! Rucha : Yes, it’s my Tai’s selection. Sai : Very nice! There are so many different and simple shapes in it. Tai : Hello Sai! What’s the discussion about? Rucha : We were looking at the pattern on my frock. Tai : I will tell you how patterns are made, It’s fun. Rucha : Really, Tai? Tai : We always see the patterns on our handkerchiefs, clothes, sarees. We see the leaves, flowers, various shapes and colours on them. Let’s learn to draw such simple patterns. Sai : Agreed! What patterns materials will we need? Tai : Coloured papers, pencil, ruler, scissors, etc. Rucha : I have all this material. Let’s do it! Tai : Let’s draw a triangle on a coloured paper and cut it out with the scissors. Now cut triangles of the same size in five or six different colours. Let’s try to place these triangles in a number of different ways. Patterns
Learn 67 Get various patterns made using the shapes shown in the picture or using different shapes. Help only when necessary. Use any object like a bangle, cap, bowl to draw a circle. Prepare your own patterns using different shapes. My Activity Sunil : Tai, we will help you. I will try to arrange some triangles. Rucha : Oh wow! Cool! Sai : We will also try to place the triangles in different ways. Tai : See, how beautiful it looks. This is called a pattern. Rucha : Beautiful patterns! Tai : Like the triangle, we can also make patterns using a circle or a square. Sai : Tai, this was really fun. And besides, we understood how patterns are made. Rucha : Tomorrow, let’s show to our all classmates the secret of making patterns. Sai : It’s indeed a good thought to teach others what you have learnt.
68 Learn Nature is filled with various colours for us to see. We can see so many colours of leaves, flowers, trees, birds, mountains, sky, clouds, butterflies, etc. But we can see these colours only if we carefully observe them. Let’s draw three identical circles on different coloured papers and cut them out. Holding the three circles one on top of the other, let’s cut the circles from the side to the centre. Let’s fix these circles one into the other, turn them, and find out what interesting things happen. Just give it a try! Introduction to Colours
Learn 69 As there are different colours in nature so also clothes, things, toys, have different colours. There are balloons shown in the picture. Ask the students to look at the colours and identify them. As there are different colours in nature so also clothes, things, toys, are of different colours. Even balloons are of different colours. There are some balloons in the picture. Look at their colours and identify them. Make a list of the colours you know.
70 Learn Ira : Ravi! Look, the colour of my hand got on the wall. Ravi : Yes! This is called impression. Ira : Oh Yes! We can get imprints of anything. Ravi : Correct! But we need water colours. Madhav : My brother has gifted me a set of water colours and brush on my birthday. Ravi : Let’s do as I say. We will paint one paper. Who will do it? Ira : I will do it. I can paint nicely with a brush. Madhav : What shall we do after we finish colouring? Ravi : Crumple the paper before the colour dries. The colour should be wet and it should remain inside while you crumple. Ira : Le’s open now! Ravi : Wait, it should not be opened immediately. Let’s open after ten minutes. Madhav : Wow!...Such a beautiful picture is made. Ira : We can make more different pictures. Dada : Oh, wow! You have really done nice…… This only is called as ‘Block Printing.’ Children: Oh really! This is Block Printing then. Dada : You can make use of this in creating designs. Block Printing / Print Making Let’s do block printing. (All the children were got deeply involved thinking how they could use this in various designs.)
Learn 71 Oh, wow! How pretty are these caps! Will these be of any use to Rama? Oh yes, Rama has been given a block printing project in school! These caps can be used for it. Oh, really, I will ask Rama to do it. She will be very happy. What material will she need? Water colours, brush, water, paper, and these caps, white paper or coloured paper will do. She can colour the edges of these caps with a brush and take their prints on a paper. She could do the same by painting other things too, like leaves, an onion, lady fingers threads... What lovely patterns they will make! Rama will jump for joy. Rama will be lost in thought, thinking of all the patterns where she could use these block prints. She will get an excellent block print. She will be able to make several pictures like this. Rama will get to see the different pictures of her classmates today. It will be fun preparing these block prints, isn’t it? Ask the students to take prints of several different things in various colours. A Little Fun
72 Learn Paper Collage Sakshi : Listen! Sir was saying that today we have to make a paper collage. Rajeshwari : What is paper collage? Sakshi : I too did not understand! Pooja : I know. I will tell you. We draw pictures and colour them. Then tell me what do we use to colour them? Rajeshwari : Crayons, sketchpens, coloured pencils. Sakshi : We also use water colours! Pooja : What if we don’t have colours! How to colour then? Ajay : Oh, really! That would be a problem! Pooja : We can still colour them friends. If we can find paper of the right colour and cut it and paste it wherever we want with gum, the picture will look coloured, isn’t it? Rajeshwari : Yes, that’s true! We really didn’t know this. Then let’s make a picture like this. Pooja : Yes! And this sticking papers to make pictures is called ‘collage’. Sakshi : I have coloured papers, but which pictures can we make out of them?
Learn 73 Pooja : You can choose to make any picture you like which you can make easily. Like clouds, trees, sun, houses, vegetables, fruits, etc. Rajeshwari : We can colour any picture. Sakshi : Do we have to use new coloured papers only? Pooja : Not necessary! We can use waste paper, trashed magazines, coloured advertisements from newspapers. Information brochures also can be used. Rajeshwari : That’s cool and cheap too! Ajay : Ok…. Let’s each one of us, make our own paper collage. Sakshi : I will make a very different picture from all of yours! Make collages of different shapes and paste them. Explain the above conversation and ask them to prepare a collage of their choice. Ask them to draw simple shapes, cut or tear coloured papers and make a collage out of it. My Activity
74 Learn We all feel that we should look good. Isn’t it? Like nice clothes, shoes, bag, our handwriting should also be good. Let’s learn this. • Neat writing means beautiful handwriting. • To write beautifully you should be able to draw good lines and good shapes. • Neatness is necessary while drawing lines or shapes. First take a pencil and draw a horizontal line with the help of a ruler. Then with a sketchpen without the help of a ruler, trace over the line drawn with a pencil. In the same way let’s draw a vertical line and a slanting line. Let’s practice drawing lines as much as we can so that the line will be perfect and your handwriting will be beautiful. For handwriting to be beautiful, you need to practice from childhood. One must practice drawing lines as explained. Beautiful Handwriting
Learn 75 Give the students practice of some more shapes as given above. • Some shapes are given alongside. Trace these shapes with a sketchpen. • Also try to draw such shapes on your own. • For drawing these shapes, make use of graph paper. For good handwriting let’s remember this. 1. We can improve our handwriting by practising a lot. 2. For beautiful handwriting we must practice drawing lines and shapes well. 3. We must use a pencil with a good point. 4. We must practice writing in a double line notebook.
76 Learn 2. Sculpture Paper Work We enjoy cutting, tearing, crumpling, folding, rolling and pasting paper! So, then let’s make beautiful things from paper. We will need material like coloured paper, scissors, gum, etc. Let’s make paper flowers • Take a strip of paper (20 × 2 cm). • Fold the paper twice and draw a line over the folds. • With the help of scissors cut from the bottom edge of the paper strip to the line. (See the picture.) • Now roll the paper strip and fold it from top to bottom outwards. • Attach a stick and leaves to the flower you have made. The flower which you have made can also be stuck on a greeting card. Make flowers of various colours like this.
Learn 77 Clay Modelling We enjoy playing in the mud, collecting mud, sifting it, wetting it, and kneading it! So, let’s make some nice things with clay. For that we will need material like mud, sieve, water, etc. Some samples of clay articles and some of plasticine articles are given above. Ask the students to make things of their choice.
78 Learn 3. Singing Nursery Rhyme The sparrow came chirping chiv chiv The Kokila started singing kuhu kuhu The parrot entered saying mithu mithu The crow started calling caw caw Everyone started singing and swaying and dancing merrily. The wind came blowing strongly. The clouds poured streams of rain. Everyone was happy and gay. The peacock began to dance and sway. Choral Singing Who’s doing meow meow Who else, but the kittens new Who’s doing bhu bhu Who else but the dog, Khandu Who’s doing hoop hoop Who else but the monkeys’ group Who’s doing croak, croak Who else but the frog, you know Who’s doing moo moo Who else but Kapila cow. Make the students sing the above nursery rhymes in tune and to a good beat. Make them sing more such songs. Make a collection of such songs.
Learn 79 Folk Song I was awakened by the ghar-ghar sound of the grindstone. I came out and saw my granny sitting in the verandah singing along while grinding grain on the grindstone. Such a melodious voice, my granny has! I looked out of the window. The sun had not yet risen but the chirping of the birds could be heard already. I went to granny and asked her what song she was singing. Granny said, These are grindmill songs or jatyavarchya ovya which women usually sang while grinding. And Granny continued to sing. “Where did you learn these verses, these songs, Granny?” “O’’ my child, these are the traditional folk songs of our culture. My mother use to sing them when she did her pounding and grinding. I have learnt from her.” I loved these folk songs very much. The verses given above are some examples of ‘ovis’. The teacher may read them out/sing them to the children. They too can repeat the lines after the teacher in tune. Make a collection of local folk songs and give students the opportunity to perform them. Give more information about ‘ovis’. Get students to sing ‘ovis’ in other dialects also. जात्या ईश्वरा, तुले वढून पाहिल माऊलीनं दूध, कारने लावीलं पहिली ववी गावू, ईठ्ठल चांगलाले खोंग खोंग मोती, जनाबाईने पदरले दळनाच्या मिसे, मी जात्यावर बसे रामरायाला गं माझ्या, ओवी गाईन उल्हासे पहाटेच्या प्रहरामध्ये, वासुदेवाच्या आल्या झुंडी बापाजीच्या माझ्या, वाडा बळियाचा धुंडी एकलीचं नातं, दोघींचा येतो गळा जनीला दळू लागे, देव विठ्ठल सावळा शीवेला केलं शेत, गावंदरीला केला मळा बयाच्या बाळाचा, मोटकरयाचा एका गळा माळ्याच्या मळ्यामंधी, कोण हौशा गाणी गातो सख्या पंढरीराया माझ्या, फुलझाडांना पाणी देतो सरलं दळण, सुरत्या सुपात पाच गहू आम्हां देवाने दिले भाऊ, आम्ही बहिणी ओव्या गाऊ.
80 Learn Swaralankar Sa re ga ma pa dha nee these are the seven notes of music you are already familiar with. Sa re ga ma pa dha nee when sung in the ascending order of the notes is called ‘aaroha’. And sa nee dha pa ma ga re when sung in the descending order of the notes is called ‘avroha’. (1) sarega regama gamapa mapadha padhanee dhaneesa saneedha needhapa dhapama, pamaga magare garesa (2) Saregama regamapa gamapadha mapadhanee padhaneesa saneedhapa needhapama dhapamaga pamagare magaresa (3) saresarega regaregama gamagamapa mapamapadha padhapadhanee dhaneedhaneesa saneesaneedha needhaneedhapa dhapadhapama pamapamaga magamagare garegaresa Rhythm Giving the beat with the hand 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 We will clap with our hands according to this. And we will take any percussion instrument or available object to give the beat and keep the rhythm. Ask the students to sing these swaralankars (seven notes) in proper pitch and rhythm. They should give the beat on any available instrument, or with their hands on any object, and actually do this activity themselves. They should practice the clapping rhythm taught last year. They should be made to actually do this. Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Nee Sa
Learn 81 4. Instrumental Music Geeta, a sweet and good girl, was always quiet. She did not talk much to anyone. Did not play. Always sat pondering over something. She liked to listen to the rustling of the leaves. Whether it was the drip drop of falling water drops or the sound of the weaver bird knocking on the bark of a tree, she would be engrossed listening to these with her heart and soul. She would think about how the tinkling sound of small bells in our temple at home and the loud dingdong sound of the school or temple bell were produced. She could not understand how when different things clashed or when two things were banged on each other a different sounds were generated. With these questions in mind she went to her music teacher in school. The music teacher explained to her very nicely. “Look Geeta, • The instruments which are played with the help of wind are wind instruments. • The leather clad instruments are percussion instruments. • The instruments which have strings are called string instruments. • When some solid instruments are played by clashing on each other they are called solid or non-membranous percussion instruments. Introduction to Instrumental Music
82 Learn This includes cymbals (zaanj), taal, castanets (chiplya), lezium, tiprya, bell, triangle, tambourine (khanjiri) etc instruments. When you drop a pebble in still water, small waves are created. In the same way, sound waves are produced by these instruments. Therefore, we are able to hear the sounds of the instruments. The specialty of these instruments is that sound is created when they are struck. These instruments are used to play accompaniments. While telling her about the instruments the teacher took her to the music classroom. The whole room was filled with instruments and she could see various types of instruments there. Tabla, harmonium, dholki, sitar, flute, taal, Cymbals (zaanj), tiprya, tambourine (khanjiri) lezhium, violin, bugle, conch, clarion (sanai), sarangi,…Oh my God! Will I remember the names of so many instruments? Friends, let’s see if you can tell the names of the instruments you see in the pictures. Tell the names of the instruments after the students have carefully observe them. If possible, let them handle the instruments. They should be introduced to the instruments available in school.
Learn 83 5. Dance Introduction of the Fingers of the Hand 1. Thumb 2. Index finger 3. Middle finger 4. Ring finger 5. Little Finger Hand Gestures (Hasta Mudras) 1. Flag 2. Trident 3. Peak 4. Offering 1 5. Fish 2 3
84 Learn 4 5 Action Song What does Granny do? Granny roasts groundnuts. What does Tai do? Tai shells the groundnuts. What does mother do? Mother pounds the groundnuts. Pound, dear, pound, The groundnuts pound. Along with groundnuts The jaggery pound. Groundnuts and jaggery We’ll knead together Come, let’s all make laddoos. And eat together! Ask the students to name the fingers. Give practice of the hand gestures or hasta mudras. In the action song ask them to visualize each activity. Then they should enact those activities.
Learn 85 Action Song based on Nature Come girls come, Come girls come, Under the Prajakta tree Let’s pick flowers. Come girls come, Come girls come, Along with the Cuckoo (Kokila), Let’s sing songs. Come girls come, Come girls come, Along with the blue peacock Let’s do a dance. Come girls come, Come girls come, Along with the frog and rabbit Let’s leap and hop. Come girls come, Come girls come, Under this mango tree Let’s go to sleep.
86 Learn Basic Movements Let’s do the activities given below without using any tools. 1. Let’s get the box from the shelf. 2. Let’s fly a kite. 3. Let’s make a garland. Elocution We were going home from school. It was winter and it was getting dark. My friends went their own ways. My house is far. I had to walk alone. I heard a koon koon sound. I started looking here and there. A small puppy had fallen in a ditch on the side of the road. It was covered with mud. I felt sorry for it. I bent down and took out the puppy from the ditch. It was shivering with cold and fear. I dusted away the soil from its body. I brought the puppy home. Mother was waiting for me. I thought she would scold me now. But she said, “Oh! This puppy is so small! Come, let’s give it milk.” We gave the puppy some milk in a saucer. It drank it hastily and started wagging its tail. I got an empty carton. I spread an old bedsheet inside. The moment I put the puppy in the box, it fell asleep! I got a friend to play with. Get the actions done according to the description given in the song. Ask the students to act out and present various activities. Introduce the activity to them. Ask them to modulate their voices according to the context. Encourage them to tell a story with expressive intonation.
Learn 87 6. Drama We can get many things from our surroundings, our house and from friends and use them for drama, dance and song, such as small branches of trees, leaves and flowers, newspapers, cardboards, sticks, etc. The elders in our house- our grandmother, sister, brother and others would help us with the costume according to the scene and content. We can make several things with newspaper like hats, cardboard crown or sword, spear made from a stick, etc. These are called properties or props. Let’s enact a skit. We’ll Remove Plastic! We’ll Save the Environment! (Vasant, Raghav and Suman are sitting in the playground of the school and chatting.) Raghav : What are you thinking Vasant? Vasant : We will not be able to survive for a long time without a clean environment. Raghav : You’re right! If we look around, what do we see? Suman : Plastic bottles, bags, papers…… and most of it is paper wrappers of chocolates, and other eatables. Give the students information about how the natural things available in the environment can be used in the play. Show them some examples. Ask them to use the appropriate things available in the surrounding to perform the scenes of the play. Use of the Available Material
88 Learn Suman : Yes , we can see this plastic waste on both the sides of the road, on the sides of the ground, in the garden, everywhere. Vasant : We should find a solution for it. Suman : What shall we do?..... Raghav : I believe that the pollution in the environment is mostly due to plastic waste. Suman : If plastic is recycled many articles can be made from it. Vasant : But they will still be plastic after all? Suman : I say that we should drive this demon of plastic away. Raghav : And, we should start with ourselves. Suman : First we should separate the wet and dry waste. Vasant : We will keep our surrounding clean. We will put the waste in the dustbins only. Raghav : We will use cloth bags instead of plastic bags. Vasant : We will use stainless steel waterbottles and tiffins. Raghav : And yes! We will not bring anything covered or coated with plastic to school. Only then will this mission be successful. Suman : For this mission to be successful our mother, father, teachers, and all friends must also be with us. Everyone : Let’s make our school and home plastic free. We’ll remove plastic! We’ll save the environment! In this play the children are thinking about the surrounding. This is given as an example. Children should be given freedom to choose the topic. Ask the students to show the scenes of the play according to the context and use pictures wherever necessary.