Science Subject for High School - 9th Grade_ Cell Biology by Slidesgo

9th Grade

BIOLOGY:
The Cell & The Life

Function

Here is where my presentation begins

By : ANIS HAZIRAH BINTI AHMAD ROHAIZA

Table of Contents

01 The structure of the cell
membrane

02 Fluid Mosaic Model

03 Organelles in the cytoplasm

Table of Contents

04 The Struture of organelles

05 The functions of each
organelle

06

The structure of the cell membrane

• Membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrate arranged in a
fluid mosaic structure

• It surrounds all living cells and is the cell’s most important organelle
• The cell membranes controls at ease with which substances pass into and out of the

cell.
• Some substances easily others cannot cross at all. For this reason, the cell membrane

is said to be selectively permeable

Fluid Mosaic Structure

Acording to the fluid mosaic model, a cell membrane consists of
a fluid bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which the proteins
are embedded or otherwise associated, much like the tiles in a
mosaic picture. This mosaic pattern is not static, however,
because the positions of many of the proteins are constantly
changing as they move about like icebergs in a fluid sea of
phospholipids. This model has provided great impetus to
research; it has been repeatedly test and has been shown to
accurately predict the properties of many kinds of cell
membranes

What’s inside an animal cell?

01 Cell Organelles 03
Nucleus Golgi
02 apparatus
Endoplasmic

reticulum

04 05 06
Mitochondrion Centrosome Lysosome

01 Nucleus

• The nucleus is often the most prominent

structure within a eukaryotic cell

• It is known as the ‘brain’ of the cell

• The nucleus is surronded by a double layer

membrane called nucleur envelope

• The nucleus contains DNA, the heredity

material of cells called chromatin

• During cell division, chromatin strands coil

and condenses into thick structure called
chromosomes

02 Endoplasmic Reticulum
01
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a system of

membranous tubules and sacs

• The amount of ER inside a cell fluctuates

(change irregurlarly), depending on the cell’
s activity

• ER is an extensive netwok of membranes

that connect the nucleur envelope to the
cell membrane

• ER can be rough or smooth

03 Golgi Apparatus

• The Golgi Apparatus is mostly present in
eukaryotic cells which is responsible for the
packaging of macromolecules into vesicles

• It made of flattened SAC like structure called
cisternae

• Cisternae is the smallest unit of Golgi Complex,
which is arranged in bundles in a parallel fashion.

• Cisternae are continually being formed at one
end of body golgy (the forming face) and
continually being broken down into vesicles at
the other end ( the maturing face)

04 Mitochondrian

• Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cell
organelles responsible for the supply and storage of
energy for the cell.

• contains two membranes which are outer membrane
and layer membrane

• Mitochondria have their own DNA called mtDNA that is
capable of producing 10% of the proteins present in the
mitochondria.

• Within the membranes is a matrix that contains various
enzymes of metabolic processes like Kreb’s cycle.

05 Centriols

• Centrosome are paired barrel-shaped organelles
located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear
envelope

• Centrioles play a role in organizing microtubules that
serve as the cell's skeletal system

• Centriols are organelles which are only active during cell
division

• The position of centriole in cell determine the position
of nucleus and play critical role in arrangement of cell
organelles.

06 Lysosome 01

• Lysosomes are small spherical organelles

surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane

• It is specialized vesicle within cells that

digests large molecules through the use of
hydrolytic enzymes

• Lysosomes also known as ‘the site of food

digestion’ in the cel

• Within a cell, lysosomes digest worn-out

organelles in a processed called autophagy

Functions of the Cell Organelle

Cell Organelle Function (Job) Cell Organelle Function (Job)
Centriole
Nucleus Controls all cell Lysosome Form sindle fibers
Endoplasmic activity Rybosome during cell division

reticulum Translocating of Digest food and
Golgi Apparatus protein across the ER worn-out organelle
Mitochondrion Synthesise protein
membrane

Modify, process and
pack protein into
enzyme

Produces energy in
the form of ATP

THE END !!