Pereiopods (walking leg) Uropod (tail fan) Pleopod (swimming leg) Telson Antennule Compound eye Cephalothorax Abdominal segment Rostrum
ANTENNULE Shrimp have sensors that enable them to feel where they touched. Allow shrimp to sample the compounds in the water will allow them to "taste" or locate the odor source. A carapace's rigid forward extension that can be employed for both offence and defence. Help shrimp to stabilise when swims backward. ROSTRUM Shrimp have panoramic vision.. The eyes are very efficient at detecting movement. COMPOUND EYES The rostrum, sometimes known as the "beak-head," and the carapace, which contains all appendages other than the pleopods and uropods, combine to form the cephalothorax. Protects their vital organs. CEPHALOTHORAX
PEREIOPODS It has 5 pairs of appendiges. Pereiopods have legs that are primarily locomotion and for acquiring food. 10 decapod legs are formed. A carapace's rigid forward extension that can be employed for both offence and defence. Help shrimp to stabilise when swims backward. PLEOPOD Helps shrimp to swim backward. It helps in shrimp's direction as it swims ahead. UROPOD The terminal base of the tail is joined to the abdomen. The telson and uropods work together to create a spread tail fan. A shrimp's tail fan can move quickly when it gets alarmed. TELSON
REPRODUCTION P H Y L U M A T H R O P O D A
Spermatophore is transported to a certain receptacle on the female's abdomen while the male is at a right angle to the female. After 6 to 20 hours, a large quantity of eggs are produced by female and carried under her abdomen. The number of eggs produced varies by species and individual. Females lay their eggs in safe locations within their ocean surroundings when the eggs are ready for discharge. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION The female lays her eggs and attaches them to her swimmerettes following a brief mating procedure in which the male deposits sperm onto the female's body. The eggs are fertilised when they move from the ovaries to the exterior of the body; they are not fertilised inside the female. MATING FERTILISATION
P H Y L U M A T H R O P O D A LIFE CYCLE
The larval stages of the shrimp's life cycle take place close to the beach and begin and terminate in the ocean. 1 Females lay their eggs in safe locations within their ocean surroundings when the eggs are ready for discharge. 2 The eggs are discharged when they have developed. Larvae from these eggs emerge after hatching and go downstream towards estuaries and the ocean. 3 For a period of 30 to 50 days, the larvae undergo a series of transformations in this salinity.
4 After this, they develop into post larvae, which are small shrimp that are about 0.5 inches long. They occupy the bottom during the post larval stage and graze there. 5 Then, in pursuit of freshwater pools where they can spend the rest of their lives, these tiny imitations of adult shrimp begin their upstream trip. At 4–6 months of reaching their juvenile stage, shrimp reach reproductive maturity. 6 After spending about three months developing as larvae, the young shrimp start to resemble adult shrimp in both look and behaviour. 7 Approximately 18 months after hatching, all shrimp transform into males and breed. Before changing into females, they breed for a season or two as males.
P H Y L U M A T H R O P O D A ADAPTATION
HARD SHELL Its strong shell also sprouts its legs, eyes, and rostrum. Shrimp have a pointed beak or nose, known as the rostrum, that protrudes from the top of their bodies to defend them from predators. Moreover, this beak acts as a stabiliser when swimming backwards and forwards. COMPOUND EYES It have huge fixed eyes that may detect low light and chemical-detection olfactory structures. MOBILITY Shrimps have evolved special ways of locomotion, such strolling down the sea floor with their legs or swimming with their tails.
PHYLUM ANNELIDA Lumbricus terrestris
DOMAIN Eukarya KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Clitellata ORDER Opisthopora FAMILY Lumbricidae GENUS Lumbricus Linnaeus SPECIES Lumbricus terrestris TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY
P H Y L U M A N N E L I D A UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
ANATOMY MOVEMENT REPRODUCTION SOIL IMPROVEMENT It possesses a digestive system that extends the entire length of its body, with a mouth and anus at either end. Without lungs or gills, the worm breathes through its moist skin. Each segment's setae, or bristles, are used to grip the ground and move forward. Since they have both male and female reproductive organs, earthworms are hermaphrodites. During copulation, Lumbricus terrestris reproduces by trading sperm with another worm. Following fertilisation, the eggs are placed in cocoons that are buried in the ground. It consumes organic matter that is decomposing, dissolving it into smaller particles that plants can absorb. The worm burrows through the soil as it moves through it, which aerate the soil and enhance its structure and ability to retain water. HABITAT Earthworm are commonly foun in soil habitats and terrestrial habitats outside of soil such as moss, rotting logs and leaf litter.
P H Y L U M A N N E L I D A STRUCTURE
PROSTOMIUM CLITELLUM SEGMENTS POSTERIOR The prostomium and mouth are located in the first segment of the earthworm's front. The lip-like prostomium is located in front of the mouth. Earthworms suck food into their mouths using their pharynx. Earthworms rely on the prostomium to see their surroundings. The body's clitellum, a swelling glandular area that is not segmented like the rest of the body, is one whole unit. It aids in the secretion of a viscid sac to form a cocoon for its eggs. To make the body extend in one place or contract in another, either contract or relax separately. helps the worm move with strength and flexibility. There is anus which is a little opening on the posterior (back) end It is where solid waste is excreted. SETAE Help the worm's anchoring and control when moving through the soil.
P H Y L U M A N N E L I D A REPRODUCTION
They are hermaphrodites - male and demale organs in the same animal. However, they are not able to use their own sperm to self-fertilize their eggs. The hermaphrodites must fertilize each other’s eggs through mating. When mating, two worms are held together by mucus secreted by the clitellum. Mating and fertilization are actually separate events in these subclasses. The worms have a sac-like organ called a spermatheca - holds onto the sperms after it has been delivered by the mating partner until the worm is ready to use it to fertilize the eggs. REPRODUCTION Transverse fission is used in one or more types of asexual reproduction (the body splitting into two width wise). Some get fragmented at one or more locations along the body, and the missing parts grow back to create new worms. It is also possible for individuals to "bud" out of their parent's body and finally separate. SEXUAL ASEXUAL
P H Y L U M A N N E L I D A LIFE CYCLE
Cocoon or egg casing may contain a few to many of eggs inside. Adult : Reach full size, has developed clitellum and sexual organs. Hatching : Tiny, white, thread-like worms are often produced in large numbers in spring and reach maturity in the fall. Reproduction : Self fertilize or sexually reproduce. Cocoon production: An egg sac is formed when the clitellum's skin sheds, encasing the fertilised eggs. Juvenile: It will grow and develop color. 1 2 3 4 5 6
P H Y L U M A N N E L I D A ADAPTATION
REGENERATIVE ABILITY This adaptation helps them regenerate from injuries and survive from predators and other threats. MUCUS PRODUCTION It keeps their bodies from drying up and facilitates movement through the soil. This mucus aids in the nutrients' absorption. ADAPTED DIGESTIVE SYSTEM This helps them to survive in poor-nutrient soils by efficiently extracting nutrients from decomposing organic materials. BURROWING ABILITY This is because earthworms can burrow into the soil due to their long, cylindrical bodies with pointed anterior ends.
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Uroteuthis duvauceli
DOMAIN Eukarya KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Mollusca CLASS Cephalopoda ORDER Teuthida FAMILY Loliginidae GENUS Uroteuthis rehder SPECIES Uroteuthis duvauceli TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY
P H Y L U M M O L L U S C A UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
Uroteuthis duvauceli's colouring can change based on its mood and surroundings. Its body colour ranges from brown to pink to purple, with noticeable white spots or stripes running along it. COLORATION It is reproduce through internal fertilisation. When females receive sperm packets from males called spermatophores, they lay eggs in gelatinous capsules that are connected to rocks or other surfaces. REPRODUCTION TENTACLES The arms are utilized for movement and manipulation, while the tentacles are utilised to capture prey. BEHAVIOR It is capable of moving through the water at high speeds. HABITAT It is frequently found in bays, estuaries, coral reefs, and shallow coastal areas. These warm, nutrient-rich waters offer the squid the ideal environment for feeding, development, and reproduction. COASTAL WATER SUBTROPICAL AND TROPICAL WATERS
P H Y L U M M O L L U S C A STRUCTURE
FIN MANTLE SIPHON (JET PROPULSION) TENTACLE ARMS EYES Used to propel the squid and acts as stabilisers. Squids use their fins to flap or undulate while they swim. Covered with chromatophores which is a pigment cell. Covering for internal organs Helps the squid swim against the direction the siphon is pointed to move through the water. The squid opens up the large opening to take in water and then closes it to create the jet propulsion. Helps to strike out and capture prey. It has a special ability for rapid elongation To capture and manipulation of prey. Involved in locomotion stabilization. To find prey and avoid predators in the dark ocean depth with its huge eyes and larger pupil to help it focus quickly.
P H Y L U M M O L L U S C A REPRODUCTION
The mornings are when the process of attracting females begins. As time passes, these squid begin to swim in couples as they go around. The girls are attracted to the males because of the changing colours on their bodies. After a female expresses interest, mating occurs. 1 2 The squids mate by the male depositing sperm into the female's mantle cavity, where the eggs are kept, using his modified arm, the hectocotylus. Sperm will fertilise the eggs after being transferred, and the fertilised eggs will then be discharged into the water column. 3 4 Large numbers of male and female gametes are simultaneously discharged into the ocean during mass spawning This increases the chances of successful fertilization.
P H Y L U M M O L L U S C A LIFE CYCLE
EGGS Squids begin their life cycle as eggs, that the female lays in masses or strings. HATCHING Larvae develop from the eggs after an incubation period. The larvae are smaller than adult squid, translucent, and have a distinct body form. JUVENILE STAGE The squid larvae have a period of rapid growth and development after hatching. The squids start to grow their distinctive fin and tentacles. ADULT STAGE Once the juvenile squid reaches maturity between six months to two years after hatching, it becomes and adult. ADULT STAGE Between six months and two years after hatching, the juvenile squid matures and becomes an adult.
P H Y L U M M O L L U S C A ADAPTATION
JET PROPULSION They use a siphon to drive water out of their mantle cavity, which helps them move forward. They can move rapidly and effectively as a result, which is necessary for avoiding predators and catching prey. CAMOUFLAGE Squids have the ability to change their skin tone and texture to blend in with their environment. This is because they can evade predators and catch prey due to unique skin cells called chromatophores. INK DEFENSE Squids have the ability to release an ink cloud into the water when threatened. Its ink distracts predators and allows the squid to escape. BEAK Squids can catch and eat their prey with the help of their keen beak. Chitin, a tough and longlasting substance, is used to create the beak
Metapenaeus intermedius is one of the member in Phylum Athropoda where it is categorized as Crustaceans due to the presence of cephalothorax. Shrimp has a pair of compound eyes that helps them to detect lo-light in the deep ocean. DISCUSSION Next, Lumbricus terrestris is in Phylum Annelida where it is categorized as Oligochaeta which it mainly terrestrial and freshwater organisms. The head, eyes, and tentacles are not distinguishable, and the body is segmented metamerely. Earthworm involves two types of reproduction including sexual and asexual. Ecological importance - It serve as pollinators, decomposers, and predators in many environments, all of which are critical to maintaining ecological equilibrium. Ecological importance - They are crucial for the fertility and health of the soil, whereas polychaetes are crucial for the wellbeing of marine ecosystems. Ecological importance - It They support the flow of nutrients and preserve the wellbeing of their surroundings. IMPORTANCE OF PHYLUM PHYLUM ATHROPODA PHYLUM ANNELIDA PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Lastly, Uroteuthis duvauceli is in Phylum Mollusca where it is categorized as Cephalopod which it mainly marine organisms. The shell can be internal, exterior or completely absent. During reproduction, sexes are distinct, and courtship during mating typically involves elaborate colour changes.
PRECAUTION REASONS Use protective equipment like wearing gloves. Prevent from contact with any hazardous substance. Disinfection after handling animals To prevent the spread of disease. Proper handling This may include using forceps or other tools, and minimizes the animal's unnecessary stress. CONCLUSION To conclude, the kingdom Animalia is made up of a wide variety of species including phylum Athropoda, phylum Annelida and phylum Mollusca. The Kingdom Animalia contains a vast number of animal species, and studying them without a fundamental taxonomy can be difficult. The primary basis for categorising members of the Animal Kingdom is commonality of their distinguishing characteristics. Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic creatures make comprise the Animalia.