GRADE By Krishna Prasad Marasini Revised by Surendra Wagle Edited by Romharsh Panthi Author of Pathfinder English Reader Allied Publication Pvt. Ltd. Sitapaila, Kathmandu Phone: 01-5378629, 5388827 LEA ING
Publisher Allied Publication Pvt. Ltd. Sitapaila, Kathmandu Phone : 01-5378629, 5388827 Written by Krishna Prasad Marasini Revised by Surendra Wagle Edited by Romharsh Panthi Copyright All rights reserved with the copyright holder. Edition First - 2074 Second - 2080 Computer Icon Design House #9849098999 Printed in Nepal LEADING ENGLISH GRAMMAR is a tenbook series for grades 1–10 that addresses the needs of the students in each grade level. It is well graded, simple, and communicative. It follows the inductive technique more than the deductive method in its presentation. It has creatively assimilated four language skills through stepwise items. Learners learn and enjoy a new language skill with each step. Each unit begins with a warm-up activity and concludes with a unit test. The unit test helps the teachers assess the learning outcomes of the unit. Through project work, learners are encouraged to use ICT to get better access to grammar. The Grammar Comprehension part aims to revise the whole unit, which develops grammatical concepts in learners. Moreover, learners learn different grammatical concepts and develop language fluency through the innovative presentation of activities. The publisher is highly thankful to the principals and teachers who have recommended Leading English Grammar for their students to bring about change in the teaching and learning practices of English grammar and anticipates the same kind of appreciations in the days to come. - Publisher PREFACE LEA ING 1
CONTENTS Unit - 1 LETTERS, WORDS AND SENTENCES 1 � Key concept � Objectives � Teaching tips � Learning by singing: rhyme � Kinds of letters: capital and small � Words and sentences: rhyme � Vowel and consonant letters � Concurrent exercises Unit - 2 USE OF SPECIAL NOUNS 11 � Learning by singing: rhyme � Special names of persons � Special names of places � Concurrent exercise Unit - 3 USE OF COMMON NOUNS 16 � Names of people � Names of relations � Names of professions � Names of places � Names of things � Names of days � Names of months � Names of animals � Names of flowers � Names of trees � Names of stationery items � Names of food items � Names of means of transport � Names of dresses � Names of colours � Names of body parts � Names of games � Names of means of entertainment � Names of musical instruments � Names of birds � Concurrent exercises Unit - 4 SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS 38 � Use of ‘There is…’and ‘There are…’ � Singular to plural: one and many � Concurrent exercise Unit - 5 USE OF GENDERS 42 � Conversation on genders � Identifying genders � Concurrent exercises Unit - 6 NUMBERS IN WORDS 45 y Use of Place Prepositions y Use of Time Prepositions y Use of Prepositions of Direction and Movement Unit - 7 USE OF PRONOUNS 58 � Learning by singing: rhyme � Use of personal pronouns � Use of this, that, these and those y Concurrent exercises
Unit - 15 WRITING COMPOSITIONS 142 Unit - 16 GRAMMAR COMPREHENSION 156 Unit - 8 USE OF ADJECTIVES 70 � Learning by singing: rhyme � Colour adjectives � Adjectives of size � Time adjectives � Adjectives of quality � Adjectives of quantity � Concurrent exercise Unit - 17 GRAMMAR GLOSSARY TEST 164 Unit - 11 USE OF ADVERBS 106 � Learning by singing: rhyme � Adverbs of manner � Adverbs of place � Adverbs of time Unit - 14 KINDS OF SENTENCE 135 � Positive and negative sentences � Yes/No questions � Making sentences using was and were � Making sentences using-ing form of verbs � Making sentences using has and have � Making sentences using will � Concurrent exercises Unit - 9 USE OF VERBS 81 � Learning by singing: rhyme � Use of is, am and are � Use of was and were � Use of has, have and had � Use of will � Doing words: rhyme � Conversation � Use of verbs in daily activities � Concurrent exercises Unit - 10 USE OF PREPOSITIONS 96 � Prepositions showing location � Use of between and among � Prepositions showing direction and movement � Prepositions showing time � Concurrent exercises Unit - 12 USE OF CONJUNCTIONS 115 � Learning by singing: rhyme � Conjunction showing addition: and � Conjunction showing difference: but � Conjunction showing reason: because � Conjunction showing choice: or � Concurrent exercises Unit - 13 USE OF ARTICLES ‘A’ AND ‘AN’ 127 � Use of article ‘a’ � Use of article ‘an’ � Concurrent exercises
OBJECTIVES define the alphabet and letters tell the types of letters identify vowel and consonant letters tell the function of letters tell the function of words tell the function of sentences make short sentences After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: " Recite the given poem with action and ask the students to follow you. " Let the students memorize the rhyme by heart and ask them to recite it. " Ask simple oral what questions such as ‘What is the first letter? What is the last letter?’ What makes words? What makes sentences?’ etc. " Let the students find their answers in the poem. " Let the students tell the answer. " Apply drill and read-peer-share techniques for effective learning. " Put more emphasis on speaking, interacting, and having conversations than on written work. TEACHING TIPS LETTERS, WORDS AND SENTENCES UNIT 1 Letters are the symbols of sounds. Words are the combination of letters. Sentences are the combination of words. KEY CONCEPT Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 1
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 ACTIVITY 1 Learning by singing Look, listen and recite the given rhyme after your teacher with action. We Are Letters! We are letters A to Z; We are twenty-six in our set. A is the first and Z is the last; Let’s read alphabet fast, fast, fast. Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! We are family of the set; We are called the alphabet. It’s the position of the letters, Let’s read alphabet better, better, better. Letters are the symbols of the sound; When we speak, they are found. Vowels and consonants their types two; Let’s read them, I and you; I and you. Clap your hands--- Learn the above rhyme by heart and recite it to the class with action. Memory Task! 2
ACTIVITY 2 Do and learn. 1. Fill in the gaps with the words from the rhyme. a. We are ______________________ A to Z. b. There are ______________________ letters in the English alphabet. c. The first letter is ___________________ and the last letter is __________________ d. Letters are the symbols of the ______________________ e. There are vowel and ______________________letters. 2. Match Set-A with Set-B. Set - A The set of letters is called sound. Two types of letters are A. Letters are the symbols of Z. The first letter is vowels and consonants . The last letter is the alphabet. Set - B Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 3
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 ACTIVITY 3 Act out and learn. 3. Act in Pair. Ask and answer in turn. After the pair conversation, write their answers. a. How many letters are there in the English alphabet? _________________________________________________________________________ b. What are two types of letters? _________________________________________________________________________ c. What are symbols of sound? _________________________________________________________________________ d. What is the first letter? _________________________________________________________________________ e. What is the last letter? _________________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY 4 Do and learn. Kinds of Letters There are two forms of letters. They are: Capital Letters Small Letters 4
1. Read and write capital letters. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 2. Read and write small letters. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 5
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 ACTIVITY 5 Sing and learn. Look, listen and recite the given rhyme after your teacher. Words and Sentences Letters make words Words, words, words. Letters are linked, To make words, to make words Words, words, words.(with clapping) Words make a sentence Sentence, sentence, sentence. Words are combined, To make a sentence, to make a sentenceSentence, sentence, sentence.(with clapping) Word gives a meaning, Meaning, meaning, meaning. Sentence gives a full meaning, Full meaning, full meaning, full meaning. (with clapping) Learn the above rhyme by heart and recite it to the class with action. Memory Task! 6
ACTIVITY 6 Do and learn. 1. Fill in the gaps with the words from the rhyme. a. Letters make ___________________________________________ b. Letters are linked to make __________________________ c. Words make a _________________________________________ d. Word ________________________________________ a meaning. e. Sentence gives ____________________________ a meaning. 2. Write True or False. a. Words make letters. b. Letters make words. c. Words are combined to make a sentence. d. Words make a sentence. e. A sentence gives a full meaning. 3. Act in Pairs. Ask, answer and write. a. What make words? _________________________________________________________________________ b. What make a sentence? _________________________________________________________________________ c. What are linked to make words? _________________________________________________________________________ Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 7
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 d. What are combined to make a sentence? _________________________________________________________________________ e. What gives a full meaning? _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letters to make words. a. T r ...e b. C ... p c. A ... p l e d. C ... t e. D a ... k f. W ... l k 5. Put the following words in their proper order to make sentences: a. eat, grass, cows: Cows eat grass. b. my bag, this is------------------------------------- c. nest, birds, build ------------------------------------- d. I, milk, drink ------------------------------------- e. in the sky, fly, birds ------------------------------------- f. weeps, the child ------------------------------------- 8
ACTIVITY 7 Read and learn. There are two types of letters. They are: Vowel Letters Consonant Letters Vowel Letters A U E O I Vowel Letters Consonant Letters Consonant Letters B R S C Q T D P V F N W G M X H L Y J K Z Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 9
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 ACTIVITY 8 Do and learn. Write the vowel letters. Vowel Letters Complete the garland with the consonant letters. Consonant Letters C Z B 10
SPECIAL NOUNS " Define and describe special nouns to the class with examples. " Tell them that special names always start with capital letters. " Ask them to write down the names of their friends, family members, and teachers, and inform them that each of these names is a special noun. " Talk about the given questions in pairs. " Ask them how a special noun is identified. Make them practices with several names. TEACHING TIPS OBJECTIVES define nouns and tell the examples of nouns define special nouns with examples identify the special nouns of people and places write down the special names of their family members, friends, teachers, and places After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: USE OF SPECIAL NOUNS UNIT 2 Special nouns are the names of particular persons, places and things. KEY CONCEPT Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 11
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 ACTIVITY 1 Learning by singing Look, listen and recite the given rhyme after your teacher with action. Nouns Are Naming Words! Nouns are naming words Naming words, naming words. Nouns are the names ofPersons, places or things, Persons, places or things. Clap your hands Pat, pat, pat. Beat your feet Tap, tap, tap. Open your mouth Ha…ha…ha…! ACTIVITY 2 Read and learn. Special Names of Persons Special nouns of persons are the names of individual persons such as Kushma, Diki, Padam , Yadabi, Pasang, Anita, Bimala,etc. 12
ACTIVITY 3 Act out and learn. Ask and answer as shown. The answers are special names of persons. Start them with the capital letters. A : What is your name? B : My name is _________________________________________________________ A : What is your father’s name? B : My father's name is _______________________________________________ A : What is your mother’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your grandfather’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your brother’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your sister’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your grandmother’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your uncle’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your aunt’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 13
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 A : What is your class teacher's name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your principal’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your best friend’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY 4 Read and learn. Names of special places Your school’s name, your village’s name, your town’s name, your country’s name, etc. are special names of places. These always start with capital letters. ACTIVITY 5 Act out and learn. Ask and answer. A : What is your school’s name? B : My school’s name is _____________________________________________ A : What is your village’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your town’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : What is your country’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ 14
A : What is your district’s name? B : _________________________________________________________________________ A : Where is your school located? B : My school is located at________________________________________ A : Where is your house located? B : My house is located at___________________________________________ Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 15
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 " Show the students classroom items such as desks, benches, tables, books, bags, pens, and pencils and tell them that they are common nouns. " Use real things to make students understand as mentioned above. " Inquire about what they notice around them. " Give examples of men, women, boys, and girls, as well as teachers, farmers, and workers. These are common nouns. " Tell them that common nouns are indeed the names of things, places, people, birds, animals, flowers, fruits, and so on. " Ask kids to view, and write common nouns found around them. " Let children to quiz each other on common nouns such as items, people, occupations, birds, animals, flowers, trees, and so on. TEACHING TIPS OBJECTIVES define common nouns identify common nouns and tell them identify proper and common nouns list out different common nouns use common nouns in sentences After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: USE OF COMMON NOUNS UNIT 3 Common nouns are the names of common persons, places and things. KEY CONCEPT 16
ACTIVITY 1 Read, learn and do. Item-1 Names of people Look, listen, say and write. Man Woman Baby He is a man. _________________ _________________ Boy Girl Children _________________ _________________ They are ________ Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 17
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Item-2 Names of relations Look, listen, say and write. Uncle Daughter Father He is my father. Grandfather Sister Mother Grandmother Brother Son 18
Who are in your family? Complete the following diagram. Father My Family Members Item-3 Names of professions There are different professions of people. They are called by different names. Look at the pictures and write who they are. She is a teacher. They are students. He is a farmer. Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 19
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 pilot nurse tailor driver sweeper doctor engineers player carpenter They are ................... He is a ...................... He is an .................. He is a ...................... She is a...................... She is a .................... She is a .................... He is a...................... She is a ..................... 20
Item-4 Names of places There are many common names of places. They are house, school, village, country, etc. Ask, answer and write as shown: A : What is the name of the place where we live? B : The place where we live is a home. A : What is the name of the place where we study? B : The place where we study is a school. a. A place where we go for treatment is a b. A place where we walk is a c. A place where we take a bath is a d. A place where we pass urine and stool is a e. A place where we sleep is a f. A place where we fly kites is the g. A place where fish are found is a h. A place where we study different books is a i. A place where farmers work is a j. A place where we cook food is a k. A place where we can buy things is a l. A place where we can stay out of home is a Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 21
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 m. A place where we grow vegetables is a n. A place where we park aeroplanes is a o. A place where we keep horse is a p. A place where we keep dogs is a q. A place where birds lay eggs is a r. A place where we keep cows and buffaloes is a s. A place where trees and plants grow themselves is a Item-5 Names of things There are many things around us which are known by their different names. Write some names and fill in the diagram. Things around us leaf grass 22
Item-6 Names of days Write the names of the days of a week. Start each name with a capital letter. Saturday Item-7 Names of the months Write the names of the months of a year. Start each name with a capital letter. January February Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 23
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Item-8 Names of Animals Identify the following animals and write their names. elephant leopard goat bull cat cow dog tiger jackal bear ape deer horse monkey buffalo 24
Item-9 Names of Flowers Identify the following flowers and write their names: rhododendron lotus jasmine rose daffodil hibiscus dahlia lily marigold r_______________ m______________ l_____________ Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 25
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 d______________ j________________ r________________ l_______________ d______________ h______________ Item-10 Names of Trees Write the names of the following trees form the box. pear tree mango tree banyan tree orange tree apple tree peepal tree banana tree guava tree peach tree 26
Item-11 Names of Stationery Items Look at the following stationery items and write their names: colours ink scale diary newspapers pen eraser pencil books Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 27
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Item-12 Names of Food Items Write the names of food items and complete the diagram. Names of Food Items Rice Samosa 28
Item-13 Names of Means of Transport Look at the following means of transport and write their names. car aeroplane train helicopter bus bicycle scooter ship boat Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 29
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Item-14 Names of Dresses Write the names of dresses which we wear. socks pants coat tie sweater sari jacket shirt cap t-shirt gloves frock 30
Item-15 Names of Colours Look at following colours and write their names. pink green blue red orange yellow purple Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 31
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Item-16 Names of Body Parts (i)Look at the names of our body parts: Hair Ear Mouth Chest Hand Finger Leg Eye Nose Neck Stomach Knee Feet (ii)Look at the body parts and write their names. 32
Item-17 Names of Games Look, listen, say and write. Hide and Seek Hockey Kabaddi Football Table Tennis Swimming Basketball Volleyball Cricket High Jump Lawn Tennis Dandi Biyo Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 33
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Item-18 Names of Means of Entertainment Look, listen, say and write. Video games Radio Mobile Computer Mp3 Television 34
Item-19 Names of Musical Instruments Violin Sarangi Piano Guitar Harmonium Sanai Tabala Madal Flute Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 35
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Item-20 Names of Birds Look, listen, say and write. Sparrow Vulture Parrot Owl Peacock cock Dove Crow Pigeon 36
ACTIVITY 2 Do and learn. 1. Find the nouns in the following sentences and write it in the given boxes. a. I live in Pokhara. b. My school is near. c. He plays football. d. Tigers live in the jungle. e. Pilots fly aeroplanes. f. My hair is short. g. I lost my book yesterday. h. Cocks crow in the morning. i. Peacocks dance well. Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 37
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 " Explain the meaning of ‘one and many’ using examples from everyday life, such as "one bench" and "many benches," or "one book" and "many books." " Explain that "one" refers to singular nouns and "many" refers to plural nouns. " Describe the process for making singular nouns plural. " Give examples to illustrate how to use the pronouns "There is…" and "There are…” " Instruct them to compile a list of actual objects in single and plural forms that they can find at home and at school. " As much as you can, engage in spoken conversations and pair discussions to improve communication skills. TEACHING TIPS OBJECTIVES define singular nouns define plural nouns identify singular and plural nouns change singular nouns into plural nouns use phrases ‘There is…’ and ‘There are…’ correctly make sentences using ‘There is… and There are…’ use ‘How many…’ to ask questions After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS UNIT 4 Singular noun means one in number and plural noun means more than one in number. KEY CONCEPT 38
ACTIVITY 1 Act out and learn. Look, listen, say and write as shown: There is… = for one There are… = for many A : How many cats are there? B : There is one cat. A : How many dogs are there? B : There are two dogs. Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 39
40 Leading English Grammar, Grade 1
ACTIVITY 2 Do and learn. Add -s to the following nouns and make them plural(many). One Many One Many One Many boy boys cow monkey cat tiger cap dog stick eye leg nose mouth letter word head tree tip seat book pencil pen eraser hand figure bag scale chair table lamp tape Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 41
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 " You should explain to the pupils that girls belong to the "she group," and boys belong to the "he group." " Tell the pupils that the "he group" refers to the male gender, and that the "she group" refers to the female gender. " Tell them to use "she for girl" in a sentence " Tell them to use "he for boy" whenever they refer to a male. " Tell them to make a list of the nouns they know that refer to men and women or boys or girls TEACHING TIPS OBJECTIVES define male and female genders identify male and female genders categorize male and female genders change male nouns into female nouns and female nouns into male nouns use the personal pronouns he and she according to gender After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: USE OF GENDERS UNIT 5 Genders refer to male or female group. KEY CONCEPT 42
ACTIVITY 1 Act out and learn. Introduce yourself to the class as shown: Hi, I’m Pratik. I’m a boy. I’m a male. Hi, I’m Sapana. I’m a girl. I’m a female. The names which are related to boys group are called male, and the names which are related to girls group are called female. Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 43
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 ACTIVITY 2 Do and learn. Write the following nouns under their correct group. Man Woman Horse Wife Dog Cow Bull Prince Princess King Queen Hero Heroine Cock Hen Boy Girl Madam Sir Lion Male Female ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ 44
NUMBERS IN WORDS UNIT 6 ACTIVITY 1 Do and learn. Look, listen, say and write. Numbers Numbers in Words Numbers Numbers in Words 1 One 2 Two 3 Three 4 Four 5 Five 6 Six 7 Seven 8 Eight 9 Nine 10 Ten 11 Eleven 12 Twelve Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 45
Leading English Grammar, Grade 1 Numbers Numbers in Words Numbers Numbers in Words 13 Thirteen 14 Fourteen 15 Fifteen 16 Sixteen 17 Seventeen 18 Eighteen 19 Nineteen 20 Twenty 21 Twenty-One 22 Twenty-Two 23 Twenty-Three 24 Twenty-Four 25 Twenty-Five 26 Twenty-Six 27 Twenty-Seven 28 Twenty-Eight 29 Twenty-Nine 30 Thirty 46