101 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (1) Which words rhyme with these words in the poem? Write. (a) flat .......................... (b) know .......................... (c) snack .......................... (d) do .......................... (e) room .......................... (f) at .......................... (2) Match the following words with their meanings. (a) squashing sadness (b) cookies light meal (c) misery fridge (d) snack biscuits (e) refrigerator pressing (3) Make meaningful sentences using the following words. (a) piles (b) snack (c) cookies (d) gloom (e) refrigerator (4) Answer the following questions. (a) Does the speaker in the poem understand how to do homework? (b) In which room does the speaker choose to do his homework? (c) What is the speaker going to eat before doing the homework? (d) What does the speaker look at in the living room? (e) What does the speaker do in the last line to avoid doing homework?
102 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Lesson 5.2 Pushpa Basnet Before You Begin (1) The following people are famous in Nepal for their kind, helpful, unselfish and morally good character. Discuss among your friends and identify their names. (2) Discuss the following questions in groups. (a) Have you heard about Pushpa Basnet? (b) What did Basnet do that made her famous all over the nation and the world? (c) Why do some people rise above their selfish motives and work for the welfare of other people? Link: 'Pushpa Basnet' is one of the most influential women in Nepal. She has received numerous awards and recognitions. Read the lesson and find out why she deserves such acknowledgements.
103 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Reading Pushpa Basnet Dedication, commitment, sincerity, perseverance and self-discipline are the five essential elements in an individual’s life to bring fame and happiness. Pushpa Basnet is one of the thousands of women who possess these five elements. Pushpa Basnet was born in 1984 AD in Dillibazar, Kathmandu. She graduated in social work from St Xavier's College, Kathmandu. During a college field trip to jail in Kalimati, she came across the charming nine-month-old daughter of a prisoner. She was horrified that the baby and others like her were locked up in prison with their parents. When no local guardian was available, arrested parents often must choose between bringing their children to jail with them or sending them to orphanages. Most of the prisoners kept their children with them. Their condition was often terrible. In 2005 AD, Pushpa registered the daycare for children of prisoners. At just 21, convincing her parents was the easy part; convincing the convicts to hand over their children to a young girl was more difficult. Just two months after she first visited the prison, Pushpa had five children in her Early Childhood Development Center. She would pick them up at the prison every weekday morning, take them to the centre, and then drop them back in the afternoon. Some of the children in her care had never been outside a prison in their lives!
104 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur She founded the Early Childhood Development Centre (ECDC), in Kathmandu the same year. ECDC is a registered non-governmental, nonprofit organisation. It aims at providing a homely environment for the children living in prison with their parents. She has also set up the Butterfly Home. It is a residential home outside the prison in which older children can live in her care. She is known fondly as "Mamu" among the children at her centre. In Nepal, there are only a few organisations that work for the welfare of the prisoners. There are hardly any projects operating to look after the children staying in prison, and their parents. Even the government has not allocated any specific budget as such for these innocent children serving the prison sentences of their parents. Meanwhile, ECDC rescues the children from serving their parents' sentences and help them enjoy their fundamental rights – food, clothes, shelter and education. Millions of people revere Basnet for her contribution to providing shelter to the children forced to live with their convicted parents in prison. She won the CNN Heroes award in the year 2012 AD. She has also been declared the CNN Super Hero: Above and Beyond in 2016 AD. CNN Super Heroes is a special title awarded to one of the five previous CNN Heroes winners to celebrate ten years of the CNN Heroes campaign. In 2012, South Korea’s ILGA Foundation also presented Pushpa with the Young ILGA Award for her contribution to human service. She was the first foreigner outside Korea to receive such a prestigious award. (1) Find the words in the passage, which mean: allocate charming commitment convict horrified perseverance residential revere (a) ................................: a promise to do or give something (b) ................................: a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison (c) ................................: containing mostly homes instead of stores, businesses, etc. (d) ................................: greatly upset or shocked
105 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (e) ................................: the quality that allows someone to continue trying to do something even though it is difficult (f) ................................: to divide and give out (something) for a special reason or to particular people (g) ................................: to show devotion and honour to (someone or something) (h) ................................: very pleasing or attractive (2) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) Most of the prisoners keep their children with them in jail. (b) She convinced the prisoners to easily hand over their children to her for care easily. (c) ECDC and the Butterfly Home is the same organisation. (d) Pushpa Basnet is known fondly as "Mamu" among the children at her centre. (e) She was the first foreigner outside Korea to receive young IGLA award. (3) Make meaningful sentences using these words. (a) dedication (b) fame (c) orphanage (d) welfare (e) contribution (4) Here is a list of some qualities. Tick the qualities that best describe Pushpa Basnet’s character. (a) caring (b) committed (c) dedicated (d) determined (e) disorganised (f) possessive (g) selfish (h) sincere (i) uncooperative (j) unethical
106 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur (5) Answer these questions. (a) When and where was Pushpa Basnet born? (b) Why was she horrified during her college trip? (c) What type of organisation is the Early Childhood Development Centre? (d) Make a list of awards received by Pushpa Basnet. (e) What lesson can you learn from the life of Pushpa Basnet? Ways with Words Anagrams A z An anagram is a word or phrase made by changing the order of the letters in another word or phrase. The term “secure” is an anagram of “rescue.” Fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Each missing word can be formed by changing the letters of the word in bold type after each sentence. Look at the first example. (a) The shopkeeper saw the boy steal a pack of chocolates. (slate) (b) …………………………… are my favourite fruit. (lumps) (c) A …………………………… is a usually large snake. (present) (d) Do you think it’s possible to …………………………… a tiger? (team) (e) Love and …………………………… are polar feelings. (thread) (f) Pass me the …………………………… please. (last) (g) The …………………………… of this flower are bright yellow. (plates) (h) The money is safely locked in a …………………………… . (reward) (i) The room was full of …………………………… . (star) (j) The sheep began to ………………… when we went nearer. (table) (k) The stranger was a tall man with a thick …………………. (bread) (l) The bird was sitting on the ……………… when we first saw it. (tens)
107 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Grammar in Use Prepositions Read the following sentences. (a) Pushpa Basnet was born in 1984 AD in Dillibajar, Kathmandu. (b) In Nepal, there are only a few organisations that work for the welfare of colour the prisoners. (c) Millions of people revere Basnet for her contribution to providing shelter to the children forced to live with their convicted parents in prison. (d) She won the CNN Heroes award in 2012 AD. (e) In 2012, South Korea’s ILGA Foundation also presented Pushpa with the Young ILGA Award for her contribution to human service. All the coloured words in the above sentences are prepositions. A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method. Prepositions of Place Some prepositions show where something happens. They are called prepositions of place. (a) Newton was sitting under a tree. (b) Some birds flew over their house. (c) Jack and Jill were hiding inside the wardrobe. (d) I have a friend who lives in Dharan. (e) The cat jumped on top of the cupboard. Prepositions of Time Some prepositions show when something happens. They are called prepositions of time. (a) Our school starts at ten o’clock. (b) I brush my teeth in the morning and at night.
108 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur (c) We’re going to the zoo on Saturday. (d) You must finish the work by Friday. (e) I always complete my homework before dinner. Prepositions of Direction Some prepositions show where something is going. They are called prepositions of direction. (a) The boys chased after each other. (b) The ball rolled down the hill. (c) We were travelling towards Hetauda. (d) A man was walking his dog along the road. (1) Choose suitable prepositions and complete these sentences. (a) Bhumika is cutting mangoes …………. a knife. (in, by, with) (b) Don’t stand …………………. the door. (in, at, across) (c) Ganeshman Singh was born ……. November 9, 1915. (in, on, at) (d) Give up smoking. It is injurious …………. health. (to, for, with) (e) He died …………………. cancer. (from, of, by) (f) I heard the news …………………. the radio. (in, at, on) (g) Ram put his pen …………………. his bag. (of, from, in) (h) Sandhya sits ……………. you and me. (among, between, on) (i) She came …………………. a taxi. (on, in, at) (j) The children are afraid …………………. the cat. (of, with, at) (k) Vijay saw an insect …………………. the grass. (at, on, in) (l) We have been tired ……………. living in the town. (in, of, in)
109 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Guided Writing News Stories News reports are short pieces of writing about current events that are interesting to the public. They cover the events of natural disasters, accidents, political events, sports events and so on. They are also known as news stories. Nepali climbers make history with winter summit of K2 mountain British Broadcasting Corporation Pakistan, January 16 A team of 10 Nepali climbers has set a new world record by becoming the first to reach the summit of K2, the world's second-highest mountain, in winter. Mountaineer Nimsdai Purja, a member of the group, said they reached the peak at 17:00 local time. Dozens of climbers have been on the 8,611m (28,251ft) mountain this winter hoping to achieve the same feat. But one Spanish mountaineer has died after suffering a fall this weekend while descending. K2, which is only 200m shorter than Everest, is part of the Karakoram Range that straddles the PakistanChina border. One of only 14 mountains higher than 8,000m, it is widely considered the most demanding of all in winter. It has long been referred to as "the savage mountain", a name that stuck after US mountaineer George Bell said of his own attempt in 1953: "It is a savage mountain that tries to kill you." Nepali guides, usually ethnic Sherpas, are considered the backbone of the climbing industry around the Himalayas, and regularly help foreign mountaineers on expeditions. Source: www.bbc.com
110 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Tips for writing a news report (1) Always write the news headline in bold letters. (2) Write the source (such as Himalayan News Service, Rastriya Samachar Samiti), the place from where and when it is being reported. (3) Write what has happened in the first sentences. (4) Include all the detailed information about the event. Prepare similar kinds of news reports on the basis of the following clues. A bus …… going to Pokhara from Narayangadh …… meets an accident …… bad weather …… raining …… 40 passengers …… 3 died on the spot …… 20 injured being treated at Chitwan Medical College. A businessman kidnapped in Bhaktapur …… Ramesh Shrestha …… 38 years old …… returning from Durbar Square …… kidnapped by a gang …… asking for Rs 10 lakh ransom …… no information yet …… search is going on …… said the police. Listening Practice Making Suggestions Listen to a conversation between two friends and solve these questions. (1) Fill in the blanks with suitable answers. (a) Dinesh and Rukesh are having a conversation during the (lunch | dinner) hour. (b) Dinesh is (sure | unsure) whether to take his new job or not. (c) Dinesh is (happy | unhappy) with his current job. (d) (Rukesh | Dinesh) wants to shift his room near the new office.
111 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (2) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) Rukesh is happy to help his friend. (b) Dinesh is satisfied with his current employer. (c) Dinesh has never shared his job problem with Rukesh before. (d) Dinesh will earn more in his new job than the current salary. (e) Rukesh suggests Dinesh not to shift his room. Speaking Practice Expressing Degrees of Probability Sudeep : When will your daughter return from the city? Anjana : I am not sure. She may come early in the morning tomorrow. She hasn't called me yet. Sudeep : I have checked the weather forecast. It might rain heavily tomorrow. Please tell her to come the day after tomorrow. Anjana : Yes, the local river could be very deep after the rain. I will tell Prabina to come the day after tomorrow. Sudeep : Okay. Pronunciation Practice Repeat the following words after your teacher. Minimal Pair /ʧ/ and /t/ /ʧ/ sound /t/ sound beach chest beat test bench chip bent tip catch chore cat tour chair chose tear toes cheese watch tease what
112 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Paste a picture of Pushpa Basnet on a sheet of A4 size paper and mention her major contributions below the picture. Project Work TEASER Time Complete the following sentence by choosing an appropriate word from the table. Look at the example first. clock comb egg flower shoe tree (a) A stem is a part of flower. (b) A trunk is a part of ................. . (c) A hand is a part of................... . (d) Yolk is a part of...................... . (e) A heel is a part of ................... . (f) A tooth is a part of................ . Vacancy Announcement Extra Reading VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT Allied Publication is a prestigious publishing house in Nepal that has been publishing various school-level books since a decade back. Currently, the publication is seeking some dynamic and energetic personnel for the following posts. Posts Required number Marketing officers 10 Accountant 1 The candidates for the post of marketing officers must possess a twowheeler vehicle, and only female candidates can apply for the accountant post. No previous experience is necessary for both of these posts. The deadline to apply for both posts is May 2, 2021 AD. Only shortlisted candidates will be called for an interview. Allied Publication Pvt. Ltd. Sitapaila, Kathmandu, Nepal 014288827
113 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (1) Find the words in the announcement, which mean: candidate deadline decade dynamic personnel possess prestigious seeking shortlisted vacancy (a) A period of 10 years ............................ (b) A job or position that is available to be taken ............................ (c) Admired and respected by people ............................ (d) Having or showing a lot of energy ............................ (e) Looking or searching for ............................ (f) One of the people competing for a job or position ...................... (g) The last day that something will be accepted ............................ (h) The people who work for a particular company or organisation ............................ (i) To have or own something ............................ (j) A list of a small number of people selected from a larger group ............................ (2) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) Allied publication is a popular publication house in Nepal. (b) The required number of marketing staff is less than that of the accountant. (c) The candidates for the marketing officer post must have a motorcycle or a scooter. (d) Both male and female candidates can apply for the accountant post. (e) Candidates must be experienced for both posts. (3) Answer these questions. (a) Which organisation has announced the vacancy? (b) What does the organisation do? (c) How many employees does the organisation need? (d) When is the deadline to apply for the posts? (e) Who will be called for an interview?
114 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Unit: Six Contents in this Unit: Reading Coronavirus (poem) and Nelson Mandela (biography) Ways with Words Easily Confused Words Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Guided Writing Writing Instructions Listening Practice Expressing Wants and Needs Speaking Practice Expressing Surprise and Dismay Pronunciation Practice Minimal Pair /s/ and /ʃ/ Project Work Preparing a Poster Teaser Time Filling Gaps Extra Reading Video Games (essay)
115 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Lesson 5.1 Coronavirus Before You Begin (1) The following pictures show some preventive measures to be safe from coronavirus. What do they indicate? Discuss it with your friends. (2) Discuss the following questions in groups. (a) What type of virus is coronavirus? (b) How do they spread from one person to another? (c) What are some preventive measures to be safe from coronavirus? (d) What will you do if one of your family members gets infected with coronavirus? Link: Covid-19 is a disease caused by a coronavirus that was first reported in 2019 AD and became a pandemic. It was first identified in Wuhan, China. It is transmitted chiefly by contact with infectious material (such as respiratory droplets) or with objects or surfaces contaminated by the causative virus. It is characterised especially by fever, cough, and shortness of breath and may progress to pneumonia respiratory failure. Read the poem and find out more about it.
116 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Reading Coronavirus Covid-19 is its official name, this virus that’s sweeping the world They say nothing will ever be the same, after its journey has finally unfurled It enters your body without saying a word, then silently invades your health It delivers a message that can’t be heard, and has no respect for standing or wealth It attacks the weak, the frail and the old, and they…are suffering the most But some of our numbers will not be told, and spread it as a willing host They won’t stay at home this ignorant few, the ones who always know best As the streets, they roam and the droplets they spew, quietly infecting the rest But all is not lost to this invisible foe, as it causes pain and distress Lives will end, but history will show, we ultimately rose from this mess
117 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 For as well as the dire there is so much good, as people try to find A way through the mire as we know we should, it’s time to be thoughtful and kind We see this now wherever we glance, as people help those in most need With furrowed brow and given half a chance, we will surely succeed A time like this should open our eyes, and remember what is real It’s time to stop all the spin and the lies, and think of how others feel It’s people that matter, it’s people that count, as one big family we live No more futures we shatter, we should collectively mount, a campaign in which first, we give Idealistic, I guess, too much for most, a huge aspiration indeed But I couldn’t care less, as this poem I post, surely it’s better than greed?
118 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur (1) Make a list of any six rhyming pairs from the given poem. ……………………..............…… ……………………..............…… ……………………..............…… ……………………..............…… ……………………..............…… ……………………..............…… (2) Fill in the words from the poem which have the following meanings. aspiration brow dire distress foe frail furrowed invade mire unfurled (a) caused to open …………………………… (b) enemy …………………………… (c) eyebrow …………………………… (d) made long and narrow cut …………………………… (e) something that a person wants very much to achieve …………………………… (f) spread over or into (something) in a harmful way …………………………… (g) thick and deep mud …………………………… (h) unhappiness or pain …………………………… (i) very serious or extreme …………………………… (j) very weak …………………………… (3) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) The official name of coronavirus is Covid-19. (b) Coronavirus doesn’t invade our health.
119 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (c) The poet thinks that it is time to be kind and thoughtful. (d) According to the poet, coronavirus is a visible enemy. (e) The poet thinks that the pandemic has opened the eyes of many people. (4) Answer these questions. (a) What do people say about coronavirus? (b) Who are suffering the most due to coronavirus? (c) How do ignorant people spread coronavirus to others? (d) Is the poet hopeful that the pandemic will soon be over? How can you say so? (e) What message does the poet give in the poem? (5) Work in pairs. Consult various sources and find out the symptoms and preventive measures of coronavirus.
120 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Lesson 6.2 Nelson Mandela Before You Begin (1) Here are pictures of some world-famous leaders or personalities. Look at their pictures and write their names. (2) Discuss the following questions in groups. (a) What is Nelson Mandela famous for? (b) Why do you think Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize? (c) What will Nelson Mandela be remembered for? Link: Nelson Mandela is the first black president of South Africa from 1994 AD to 1999 AD. Mandela was in prison from 1964 to 1990 for his opposition to the country's white government and its policy of apartheid. Let’s read his biography and find out why he is famous and won the Nobel Peace Prize.
121 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Reading Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela spent almost 30 years in prison for fighting against apartheid in South Africa. Apartheid was a social system in South Africa in which black people and people from other racial groups did not have the same political and economic rights as white people. They were forced to live separately from white people. Mandela became South Africa's first black president from 1994 to 1999 AD. After being freed from prison, he became the country's first democratically elected president in 1994 AD. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Umtata, South Africa. His teacher gave him the name Nelson on his first day of school. He did well at school and went to the University of Fort Hare; however, he was expelled because he joined a student protest. When he returned home, his family told him he would have to marry someone if he did not return to Fort Hare to finish his degree. Mandela ran away to the city of Johannesburg, where he managed to finish his degree at the University of South Africa in 1941 AD and eventually became a lawyer. Mandela wanted equal rights for South Africa’s black people. Although blacks made up most of the country’s population, whites controlled the government. Blacks had few rights under apartheid. In 1944 AD, Mandela joined a group called the African National Congress (ANC). The ANC was leading the fight against apartheid. In 1949 Mandela became a leader of the ANC. Mandela’s work got him in trouble with South Africa’s government. In 1962 the government put him in prison. Mandela became famous during his years in prison. South Africa’s blacks worked to free him. So did people in other countries who opposed apartheid.
122 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur In 1990 South African President F.W. de Klerk finally freed Mandela. The following year Mandela became president of the ANC. Mandela and de Klerk worked together to end apartheid. They wanted to make South Africa a democracy in which all the people could take part. In 1993 the two men were awarded the Nobel peace prize. South Africans of all races voted in an election in 1994. Mandela was elected president. He improved housing, education, and living standards for blacks. Mandela stepped down as head of the ANC in 1997. He retired from politics in 1999 after one term as president. He lived with his third wife in Johannesburg, where he died on December 5, 2013 AD. He is admired worldwide, especially for encouraging people in South Africa to unite and build a new society and forgive the bad things that happened there in the past. Glossary expelled : officially forced someone to leave a place or organisation protest : to show or express strong disagreement with or disapproval of something prison : a building where people are kept as punishment for a crime or while they are waiting to go to court retired : stopped a job or career (1) Fill in the blanks with suitable antonyms of the following words. blame discourage follower start support together unknown worsen (a) encourage ........................ (b) famous ........................ (c) finish ........................ (d) forgive ........................ (e) improve ........................ (f) leader ........................ (g) oppose ........................ (h) separately ........................
123 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (2) Complete the puzzle with the synonyms of these words. 1 3 O V N 5 6 7 R 8 I 9 L L 2 4 R Y Across Down 3 4 7 8 9 Pardon Jail Problem Regard Create 1 2 3 5 6 Finally Wed Complete Oppose Banish (3) Fill in the blanks with suitable answers. (a) Nelson Mandela is South Africa’s first ……………… president. (b) His ……………… gave him the name on the first day of school. (c) Mandela wanted ………………… rights for South Africa’s black people. (d) Mandela and de Klerk were awarded the Nobel Prize in ................. AD. (e) Mandela passed away in ........................ AD. (4) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) Nelson Mandela is the first president of South Africa.
124 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur (b) He did well at his school. (c) He became a leader of the ANC in 1997. (d) He improved housing, education, and living standards for blacks during his tenure as the president. (e) He encouraged people to forgive the bad things that happened there in the past. (5) Make meaningful sentences using these words. (a) prison (b) expelled (c) eventually (d) government (e) trouble (6) Answer these questions. (a) What is apartheid? (b) When and where was Nelson Mandela born? (c) Why was he expelled from his university? (d) Why did he run to the city of Johannesburg? (e) Write the reason why people admire Mandela all over the world? Ways with Words Easily Confused Words A z Choose the correct word in each of the following sentences. (a) Does television (affect | effect) children’s behaviour? (b) What other sports do you play (beside | besides) hockey? (c) You can find coloured pens and pencils in the (stationary | stationery) cupboard. (d) Are there any (further | farther) questions? (e) According to the weather report, (its | it’s) going to snow this afternoon. (f) She was wearing a (loose | lose) skirt. (g) The (whether | weather) today will be hot and dry.
125 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (h) I need your (advice | advise). Please (advice | advise) me on this. (i) A (classic | classical) is a book, film or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality. (j) It is usually (economic | economical) to buy washing powder in large quantities. (k) Today is a (historic | historical) occasion for our country. (l) I would (accept | except) your excuse, (accept | except) the part about losing the watch. Grammar in Use Conditional Sentences Read the following sentences. (1) If you read Nelson Mandela’s biography, you will get inspired. (2) If Mandela hadn’t returned to his college, his family would have married him to someone. (3) How would you have felt if you had met Nelson Mandela? The sentences given above are conditional sentences. A conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses a condition. A condition is something that can only happen IF something else occurs. Conditional sentences are of four types and express four types of meaning. Zero conditional: If + simple present, simple present (1) If you heat water at 100 degrees, it boils. (2) If I am late, my father takes me to school. We use the zero conditional to talk about general truths. We use it to express what always happens if or when a certain action takes place. First conditional: If + simple present, simple future. (1) If it's sunny, we'll go to the park. (2) If it rains, we will stay at home. We use the first conditional when we think the action is possible.
126 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Second conditional: If + simple past, would/could/should + V1. (1) If I won a million rupees, I would buy a bike. (2) If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house. We use the second conditional when we talk about a situation that is imaginary or unlikely. Third conditional: If + past perfect, would/should/could + have + V3. (1) If the weather had been good, we’d have gone swimming. (2) If I had been an actor, would have been very famous. We use the third conditional when describing imaginary situations in the past. Complete these sentences with the suitable forms of verbs in brackets. (a) If you freeze water, it .......................... into ice. (turn) (b) If it rains, grass .......................... wet. (get) (c) If you mix yellow and green, you .......................... green. (get) (d) If I wake up late, I .......................... the bus. (miss) (e) If I find your mail, I .......................... you the picture. (send) (f) If you study hard, you .......................... your exams. (pass) (g) If I were you, I .......................... smoking. (quit) (h) If I were the prime minister, I .......................... the nation. (develop) (i) If I had more free time, I .......................... around the world. (travel) (j) If I had got a good medal, I .......................... happy. (be) (k) If I had met Sijan last week, I .......................... her the book. (give) (l) If I had studied a little more in college, life ...................... easier. (be)
127 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Guided Writing Writing Instructions Simple instructions to replace a light bulb (1) Firstly, turn off the electricity. (2) Secondly, remove the light bulb. (3) Then, screw in the new light bulb. (4) Finally, turn the electricity on and switch on the light. How to write instructions? (1) Write in the present tense. (2) Use imperative verbs to begin each sentence. (3) Use sequencing words (firstly, next, then, after that, etc.) to show the steps in the process. Write stepwise procedures for the following. (a) How to boil an egg? (b) How to grow a plant? Listening Practice Expressing Wants and Needs Listen to a conversation between two friends and solve these questions. (1) Who wants to do the following activities? Muna, Sahan or both? Write in the blanks. (a) Boat on Phewa Lake and visit Davis Fall .................... (b) Go for a jungle safari ....................
128 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur (c) See birds and animals .................... (d) Ride an elephant .................... (e) Do some research .................... (2) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) Muna wants to go to a cold place for vacation. (b) They have already been to Pokhara. (c) One can go boating and see many birds and animals in Chitwan. (d) Muna has never ridden on an elephant. (e) Muna is certain that they will go to Chitwan for a holiday. Speaking Practice Expressing Surprise and Dismay Rashmi : What did you do yesterday? Jarina : Not much, I read a book. Rashmi : That’s great! Which book did you read? Jarina : I read a book named 'You can Win' by Shiv Khera. How about you? Rashmi : I watched TV for a couple of hours and went to bed early. I’ve been really tired lately. Jarina : Oh, no! Do you have any problem? Rashmi : Nothing in particular I think I'm just bored.
129 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Pronunciation Practice Repeat the following words after your teacher. Minimal Pair /s/ and /ʃ/ /s/ sound /ʃ/sound fist seats fished sheet rust see rushed she save sell shave shell saw sew shore show sea sock she shock Draw a poster mentioning preventive measures of the coronavirus. Project Work TEASER Time Write down the British or American word for the following. American English British English American English British English biscuit elevator apartment mobile phone football drugstore vacation dustbin jumper couch
130 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Video Games Extra Reading Do video games have a negative effect on our children? Today, children spend more and more time online. Many children spend a lot of their free time playing online games on the internet. Many teenagers in Nepal play video games every week, and children as young as five play video games regularly. For many people, video games are fun and educational. They have bright lights, funny cartoons and exciting stories. Everywhere you look, you can see children playing these games. They play on buses and trains, in restaurants and even at school. Video games also make you think in a creative way, and you have to move your hands and eyes quickly. This can improve the way that a child's brain works. Video games also make children use their imagination. The player has to do many creative things, like drawing telling stories and building things. Video games are also a good way to teach children about technology. They can learn about computers and how they work. However, a recent study suggests that video games can be bad for children. Firstly, children can download many online games for free. They don't need money, so they don't need to ask their parents. This means that their parents often don't know what they are playing. Children could play games that are violent or scary. Furthermore, many children spend too much time playing games on the computer. This can lead to health problems - children who spend too much time on the computer can become overweight. Also, if children spend too long on the computer instead of doing their homework, they can have problems at school, and they can get bad grades. Video games can also affect children's social skills. Playing and working with friends is very important for children. It teaches them how to talk to other people. If children spend too much time playing by themselves online, they don't learn how to play with their friends. In conclusion, it seems clear that video games have some advantages and some disadvantages. On the one hand, they are fun and have many educational benefits for children. On the other hand, they can cause problems with children's health and social skills.
131 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (1) Match these words with their antonyms. (a) exciting comforting (b) creative old (c) recent boring (d) violent unimaginative (e) scary gentle (2) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) Many children spend a lot of their free time playing online games on the internet. (b) Video games have bright lights, funny cartoons and exciting stories. (c) Video games do not teach us anything about technology. (d) Children who spend too much time on the computer can become slim and healthy. (e) If children spend too much time playing by themselves online, they don't learn how to play with their friends. (3) Answer these questions. (a) Why do many people like video games? (b) Where can we see children playing video games? (c) What are the benefits of playing video games? Mention any three of them. (d) What are the disadvantages of playing video games? Write any three of them. (e) Why do children need to play physical games and work with their friends?
132 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Unit: Seven Contents in this Unit: Reading To Young Readers (poem) and The Twelve Labours of Hercules (myth) Ways with Words Missing Words: Terms Used in English Grammar in Use Voice Guided Writing Interpretation of Charts and Diagrams Listening Practice Narrating a Sequence of Events Speaking Practice Seeking Information Pronunciation Practice Minimal Pair /f/ and /v/ Project Work Drawing Pictures and Making a List Teaser Time Filling in with Suitable Prefixes Extra Reading Lhosar (essay)
133 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Lesson 7.1 To Young Readers Before You Begin (1) Look at the following pictures of children’s classic books. Which of them have you already read? (2) Discuss the following questions in groups. (a) How often do you read books other than your textbooks? (b) Which is the best book you have read so far? (c) In your view, why should people read books? Link: ‘To Young Readers’ is a short poem written by an American poet named Gwendolyn Brooks. When she was working in a library in her home town, she wrote this poem to motivate or persuade the young readers to read more books. Read the poem and find out why young readers should read more books.
134 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Reading To Young Readers Good books are bandages and voyages and linkages to Light; are keys and hammers, ripe redeemers, dials and bells and healing hallelujah. Good books are good nutrition. A reader is a Guest nourished, by riches of the Feast, to lift, to launch, and to applaud the world Gwendolyn Brooks (1) Match the following words with their meanings. (a) voyages rescuers or saviors (b) linkages journeys or travels (c) redeemers praise or encourage (d) hallelujah links or connections (e) applaud a word that somebody shouts or sings to give praise or thanks to God
135 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (2) Make meaningful sentences using the following words. (a) voyage (b) healing (c) nutrition (d) launch (e) applaud (3) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) According to the poet, books can heal depressed people. (b) The poet claims that keys and lights have a similar function to books. (c) The poet asserts that books do not save or rescue people. (d) According to the poet, books are to the mind as foods are to the body. (4) Answer the following questions. (a) What does the poem tell us about reason people read? (b) The author compares books to many things. Name five of these things. (c) What does the author suggest that a reader should do for the world? (d) Who is a reader? Why? (e) Do you agree with Brooks about the power of reading? Explain.
136 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Lesson 7.2 The Twelve Labours of Hercules Before You Begin (1) A myth is a story that was told in an ancient culture to explain a practice, belief, or natural occurrence. Look at the pictures of some Greek mythical creatures and tell their names in groups. (2) Discuss the following questions in groups. (a) Besides Icarus and Daedalus, what are some other popular myths that you are familiar with? (b) Why do you think Hercules has been such a popular hero since ancient times? (c) What features make a true hero? Link: 'Hercules' is a mythical Greek hero renowned for his great strength and especially for performing 12 labours imposed on him by Heral. Read the story and find out the twelve labours that he had to do to prove his strength, intelligence and bravery.
137 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Reading The Twelve Labours of Hercules The goddess Heral hated Hercules from the moment of his birth. In his infancy, she sent two giant serpents to kill him as he slept, but Hercules strangled them instead. His parents rushed into the room to find the baby shaking the dead bodies of the snakes as if they were rattles. This was an early indication of his great strength, but this strength was not always used well. Once Hera sent madness and insanity into the consciousness of Hercules. His thoughts became scrambled. Under the delusion that he was at war, he mistook his nephews and nieces for enemies and killed them. When the madness passed, and he saw what he had done, he was overwhelmed with grief and guilt. Terrible remorse drove him to the oracle of the god Apollo at Delphi, and he asked the priestesses there what he could do to expiate this terrible deed. They told him, "Go to King Eurystheus, and undertake the labours he will put upon you." Hercules went to Tiryns, the land ruled by King Eurystheus. He stood before the throne. Eurystheus said to him, "Go to Nemea, where a fierce lion terrorises the people. No weapon can pierce through its terrible skin. Kill this lion, remove its skin, carry it here and show it to me." Eurystheus was shrewd, calculating, cunning, and cowardly. Each task he was to set before Hercules was designed to be impossible, but the determination of Hercules was to overcome the impossible. He followed the lion's tracks to a deep dark cave hidden in a hillside. He saw the bones strewn at the cave's entrance, and entered in. In such a darkness he could not see his hand before his face, the dank air was filled with the
138 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur smell of blood. The lion had just killed, and had carried its prey to this place which was its very den. Hercules leapt upon the lion and wrestled with it. His tremendous club and sharp knife were of no use, for the lion's hide was too thick. Hercules grasped the lion's neck with his hands and held it against the cave wall until the lion's thrashings ceased and it was dead. Then he dragged the lion into the light of day, skinning it with one of its own claws. He draped the skin over his shoulders, its head over his head like a helmet, and hurried back to the palace of King Eurystheus, who saw him approach from a distance and was so frightened at the sight that he hid in a giant olive jar. He sent his servants to Hercules to tell him of the next task. "Go to the swamp of Lerna and defeat the hydra, who lives at the confluence of the three springs." Hercules and one of his surviving nephews, Lolaus, found the monster in the depths of the swamp at the confluence of three springs. Hercules shot his arrows at the monster so as to anger it enough to attack and come close enough for him to fight it with his oaken club. The monster had nine heads and came toward them screaming with rage, belching great gouts of bloody poison mud. Hercules began to knock off the creature's heads, but saw that three heads grew back from where one was knocked off! Iolaus lit the branch of a tree with fire and held his torch against the neck-stubs where Hercules knocked the heads off. The burnt blood prevented the heads from growing back. With this, the tide of the battle turned. The creature was weakening. Finally, Hercules tore off the central head, the primary one. He carried it away and buried it in the ground with a great rock over it so that it could not rejoin the body and come alive again. Then Hercules dipped his arrow points in the poison blood of the hydra, which lay in pools all around, so as to make them deadly. Other labours followed, and they took Hercules far and wide. In the forest of Ceryneia, he chased a deer with golden antlers for an entire year, caught it and carried it alive to King Eurystheus, then returned to Ceryneia and let the deer go. Earlier, he had gone to the land of King Augeias, who kept a stable filled with thousands upon thousands of cattle, which had never been cleaned. Eurystheus, gleefully imagining Hercules carrying baskets and baskets of dung, had ordered him to clean those stables. But Hercules diverted the course of two rivers and sent them through the stables so that they were entirely cleaned in one day.
139 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 On Mount Erymanthus, there lived a great boar. Searching amid the lower slopes of this mountain, Hercules met an old friend of his, Pholos the centaur, who lived in a village of centaurs. Hercules shared a meal with his friend but accidentally spilt a drop or two of wine upon the ground. The smell of the wine drove the centaurs insane, and they attacked Hercules, who responded with a volley of arrows tipped with the hydra's poison blood. Many were killed. Pholos was burying their bodies when an arrow came loose from one of them, fell down and pierced the flesh near his hoof. The poison entered his veins and killed him. By this time, Hercules was on the upper part of the mountain hunting for the boar, but when he heard of his friend's death, he returned to the centaur village, and in great sadness, helped with the funeral. But he had made enemies with some of the centaurs, and one of them, Nessus, swore revenge. Hercules returned to the hunt for the boar and chased it into deep snowdrifts, where he caught it. After that, he went to the land of Thrace and fought against Diomedes, killing him and his man-eating horses. Another labour brought Hercules to the marshes of Stymphalus. Somewhere in these vast marshes, there lived grotesque vicious birds that shot their feathers like arrows into people. Then they tore the people into pieces and carried their chunks of flesh away into the marshes, where they devoured them. No one could get to the place from which they came. Hercules came very close to their lair, but not close enough. The foliage was so thick not even he could hack through it with his sword, so that his forward motion was stopped, and he sat upon the ground in despair. Here an ally came to him, the goddess Athena. She helped him. She caused a set of brazen cymbals to appear upon the ground next to his feet and spoke these words into his consciousness.
140 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur "Strike the cymbals together. The sound of their brassy clashing will startle the birds from their branches and nests. They will fly into the air and become targets for your arrows." Hercules followed her instructions. As fast as the birds flew up, his arrows pierced them. Most were killed, and those who lived flew away and never returned. He came to Themiscyra, where the river Thermodon flowed into the sea, in a place of many diffs and rocky hiding places. This was the land of the Amazons, woman warriors, whose queen, Hippolyte, had a sword-belt made of bronze and iridescent glass, given to her by the god of war, Ares. Hercules was to take this belt from her. Expecting a battle, he was surprised when Hippolyte gave it to him freely, but outside their meeting place, the goddess Hera filled the minds of the Amazons with rumours of war, so that as Hercules left battalions of Amazons suddenly attacked him. Once more, his poison arrows did their deadly work, and, with the belt, he made his escape. In Crete, he carried away the bull Poseidon gave to King Minos. On the island of Erytheia, he killed Geryon, a giant man-monster with one head and three bodies, and his two-headed dog, Orthrus. He took the herd of cattle they guarded-cattle whose hides were red as the rays of the setting sun. Helios, the sun-god caused a floating golden cup to appear in the sea, and Hercules drove the bull of Crete and the red cattle onto this cup and floated back to Tiryns. Your next to the last task requires that you find the garden beyond the world. There in the Garden of the Hesperides, grow the golden apples upon the branches of a tree guarded by the serpent that never sleeps. Bring back those apples." Hercules had no sooner heard these orders than he was off. At the world's edge, he met Atlas, the giant who holds up the sky "The three sisters who live there are my own daughters. Let me bring back the apples. I am the only one they will let have them. But you must hold up the sky while I am gone," So Atlas said as he waited for Hercules to climb atop the high mountain preparatory to taking upon himself the burden of the sky. Once the load was transferred, Hercules, stood with the sky upon his back, watching Atlas stride away, already waist-deep in the ocean that encircles the world. Some few moments, hours, days, or months later, Atlas returned, holding a branch with three golden apples. "Let me take the apples back to Eurystheus. You go on holding up the sky, for I am tired of it." Atlas was getting ready to go when Hercules said, "Friend, let me do just one thing before you're off. That lion's skin lying there - I carry it with me wherever I
141 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 go. It would make a good pad to cushion my shoulders against this mighty burden. Kindly take up the sky again for a moment as I gather it up. Then you can return the load to me." Atlas agreed to do so, but once the sky was returned to his keeping, Hercules took the branch and walked away, ignoring Atlas's angry cries for him to return. The final labour required Hercules to go down to the world of the dead and bring back Cerberus, the fierce three-headed dog. The gods Hermes and Athena met him at the river between the two worlds and helped him. He carried Cerberus back to Tiryns and showed it to King Eurystheus. The three heads barked at him and bared their teeth, and Eurystheus died of fright. Glossary infancy : the first part of a child's life, the time in your life when you are a baby strangled : killed a person or animal by squeezing the throat rattles : baby's toys that make a series of short sounds when they are shaken insanity : severe mental illness delusion : a belief that is not true remorse : a feeling of being sorry for doing something bad or wrong in the past oracle : a person through whom a god was believed to speak expiate : to do something as a way to show that you are sorry about doing something bad shrewd : mentally sharp or clever strewn : scattered or spread on the floor tremendous : very large or great grasped : took and held something with hands thrashings : acts of hitting a person or an animal very hard, especially with a stick swamp : an area of ground that is very wet or covered with water and in which plants, trees, etc. are growing confluence : the place where rivers flow together and become one
142 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Glossary oaken : made of oak belching : pushing or throwing something out with force gout : a disease that causes painful swelling of the joints, especially in the toes gleefully : in a happy way because of something good you have done or something bad that has happened to somebody else amid : in or into the middle of (something) centaur : a creature in Greek mythology that is part human and part horse volley : a large number of bullets, arrows, stones, etc., that are shot or thrown at the same time swore : stated something very strongly and sincerely snowdrifts : hills of snow that are formed by wind grotesque : very strange or ugly in a way that is not normal or natural vicious : very violent and cruel devoured : quickly ate all of (something) when someone was very hungry foliage : the leaves of a plant or of many plants ally : a person or group that gives help to another person or group cymbal : a musical instrument like a metal plate that is played by hitting it with a drumstick or with another cymbal, and that makes a very loud metallic sound startle : surprise or frighten (someone) suddenly and usually not seriously iridescent : showing many bright colours that seem to change in different lights stride : walk with long steps in a particular direction
143 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (1) Write the synonyms of the following words. among clever fear friend huge marsh regret sorrow symbol violent (a) giant ........................ (b) indication ........................ (c) grief ........................ (d) remorse ........................ (e) fierce ........................ (f) shrewd ........................ (g) swamp ........................ (h) amid ........................ (i) fright ........................ (j) ally ........................ (2) Complete the puzzle with the antonyms of these words. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Across Down 3 6 7 9 10 Gentle Victory Joy Adulthood Wonderful 1 2 4 5 8 Possible Notice Exit Blunt Little
144 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur (3) Write whether the following statements are true or false. (a) Hercules was afraid of snakes in his childhood. (b) He killed his own nephews and nieces. (c) He killed the lion with his club and a sharp knife. (d) He took the help of Iolaus to kill the hydra. (e) Pholos was Hercules’ friend. (f) The Garden of the Hesperides was always guarded by the serpent that never sleeps. (4) Fill in the blanks with suitable answers. (a) The goddess ………………………. hated Hercules from the moment of his birth. (b) The second task of Hercules was to go to the swamp of Lerna and defeat the ………………………. . (c) One of the labours of Hercules was to catch a deer with golden ………………………. alive. (d) God of war, Ares, had given a sword to ………………………. . (e) Atlas was the giant who held up the ………………………. . (5) Answer these questions. (a) What was an early sign of Hercules’ strength? (b) Why did Hercules go to Tiryns? (c) How did Hercules kill the lion? (d) Why did King Eurystheus hide in a giant olive jar? (e) How did Hercules clean the stable? (f) Why did he return to the centaur village? (g) Who helped Hercules to kill vicious birds in Stymphalus? (h) How did Hercules fool Atlas? (i) What was the final labour of Hercules?
145 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 (6) Make a list of the complete labours of Hercules. Ways with Words Missing Words: A z Terms Used in English Write each of the following words next to the correct definition below. abbreviation analogy antonym fable homonym metaphor palindrome pun simile synonym (a) ........................................ a word which has the opposite meaning to another, e.g. high and low. (b) ........................................ a word, phrase or sentence which is the same when read backwards or forwards, e.g. madam. (c) ........................................ the use of an expression which describes one thing by directly comparing it with another using the words 'as' or 'like' e.g. as cool as a cucumber (d) ........................................ a shortened form of word or phrase (e) ........................................ a word that has both the same sound and spelling as another bur is different in meaning or origin (f) ........................................ a comparison of two things based on their being alike in some way (g) ........................................ a story which teaches a moral lesson and in which the characters are usually animals (h) ........................................ a humorous way of using a word or phrase so that more than one meaning is suggested (i) ........................................ a word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar (j) ........................................ a word that has the same meaning as another word in the same language, e.g. small and little.
146 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Grammar in Use Voice Read the following sentences. (1) Hercules was hated by the goddess Heral from the moment of his birth. (2) He was suggested by the priestesses to go to King Eurystheus and undertake the labours assigned by him. (3) The Augean stables were cleaned by Hercules in a single day. All the sentences given above are in the passive voice. We can write a sentence with objects in two different ways: active and passive. An active sentence talks about what the subject does. We use passive voice when we want to talk about an action, but we are not interested in saying who did it. We also use it when we don’t know or don’t want to say who the agent is. The passive is formed with the appropriate form of the auxiliary to be + past participle (V3 ) of the main verb. (a) Flies carry many diseases. (active) Many diseases are carried by flies. (passive) The direct object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice. (b) My brother always helps me. (active) I am always helped by my brother. (passive) While changing the subject and the object, nouns do not change, but the forms of the pronouns are changed. Change in Pronouns Active (subject pronoun) I we you he she it they Passive (object pronoun) me us you him her it them
147 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Auxiliary and Main Verbs in the Passive TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE Present simple sub + V1 /V5 + obj He sings songs. obj + is/am/are + V3 + by + sub Songs are sung by him. Present continuous sub + is/am/are/ + V4 + obj He is singing songs. obj + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + sub Songs are being sung by him. Present perfect sub + has/have + V3 + obj He has sung songs. obj + has/have been + V3 + by + sub Songs have been sung by him. Past simple sub + V2 + obj He sang songs. obj + was/were + V3 + by + sub Songs were sung by him. Past continuous sub + was/were + V4 + obj He was singing songs. obj + was/were + being + V3 + by + sub Songs were being sung by him. Past perfect sub + had + V3 + obj He had sung songs. obj + had been + V3 + by + sub Songs had been sung by him. Future simple sub + will/shall + V1 + obj He will sing songs. obj + will be + V3 + by + sub Songs will be sung by him. Be going to sub + going to + V1 + obj He is going to sing songs. obj + is/am/are+ going to be + V3 + by + sub Songs are going to be sung by him. Modal verbs sub + modal + V1 + obj He can sing songs. He could sing songs. He may sing songs. He might sing songs. He should sing songs. obj + modal + be + V3 + by + sub Songs can be sung by him. Songs could be sung by him. Songs may be sung by him. Songs might be sung by him. Songs should be sung by him.
148 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur (1) Change the following sentences into passive forms. (a) People speak English all over the world. (b) Columbus discovered America. (c) I must do this work. (d) Everyone knows Devkota. (e) He gave his daughter a letter. (f) Can you carry this box? (g) He is going to repair the car. (h) People are destroying the jungle. (2) Change these sentences into active forms. (a) The guitar can be played by Sugam. (b) The floor is being cleaned by the children. (c) A delicious meal has been prepared by my father. (d) The leader had been welcomed (by the people). (e) The criminal couldn’t be caught by the police.
149 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Guided Writing Interpretation of Charts and Diagrams We can present information in different forms such as table, chart, diagram, etc. A chart is a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to make information easier to understand. In this lesson, we are going to study various ways to interpret charts and diagrams. 25 20 15 10 5 0 Sciences Mathematics Social Sciences Languages Humanities The Arts * Law Literature Subjects * The Arts = Subjects like Art, Music, Drama Male/Female (in thousands) Male Female University Subjects chosen, 2022 The bar chart shows the numbers (in thousands) of students who chose to study different university subjects in 2020. The numbers for each subject are divided into male and female students and show some general differences between men’s and women’s choice of subjects. Science and Maths were the most popular choices for male students in 2020, but non-science subjects were more popular with female students. The most popular subjects for female students were less technical subjects such as social sciences, languages, literature and humanities. Social science was by far the most popular subject for women. However, very few female students chose
150 Allied English for Everyone Grade 7 Approved by CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur to study mathematics and law: four and six thousand students, respectively. Almost no men - only two thousand - chose to study languages, and very few men chose the arts. However, just as many men as women chose to study humanities. How to interpret charts and diagrams? 1. Write the type of the chart and what it exactly shows in the first paragraph. 2. Describe each section of the chart or diagram as precisely as you can in the second paragraph. Use data and numbers from the chart. 3. Compare the information. Talk about differences or similarities between the groups shown. Explain what the major trends or changes are. Also, mention the most significant trends or percentage. 4. Conclude by summarising your writing to draw a relevant conclusion. Interpret the following charts and diagrams. (1) The given bar diagram shows the number of students in Lok Aadarsh School. Intrepret the given data in your own words.