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Table Of Events

Date title description

776-500 Formation of Greek city states The formation of the Greek

776 bc The first Olympics The first ever Olympics was held

here

725 bc Sparta creates a military Sparta was put through military

centered city state school, and everything in Sparta

was determined by military state.

490 bc The first Persia war After the war, a messenger, ran

all the way to Athens to tell the

people of Athens that the Greek

won.

725 bc Greeks create a strong water Greece was a water based

based military civilization. They created a strong

army for the sea.

720 bc Athenians attend military school All Athenians had to go to

military school for at least two

years. Later it taught them

fighting and strategies skills for

the future.

480-479 bc The 2nd Persia war After the battles, the Persian

forces were under the command

of Xerxes, and the Persians were

driven out of Greece.

500-490 bc Athens send aid to help the The Greek and the Persians were

Greek war at war and the Greeks were

outnumbered and the Athens

send help to the Greeks in the

war.

480-476 bc Sacrifice of the Spartans The Spartans were defending the

Greek city states during the

second Persian war. The Spartans

knew they were going to lose so

they told the Athen's people to

get out. When the Persians

arrived they killed 300 Spartans.

229 bc The romans are coming! The romans started to interfere

in Greece

146 bc The romans are here Greece and Macedon are made

part of the roman empire.

Social structure-what system of levels did they have in society? They had free men and slaves.Slaves

were used as servants and labourers, without any legal rights.As Athenian society evolved, free men

were divided between Citizens and Metics.A citizen was born with Athenian parents and were the

most powerful group, that could take part in the government of the Polis. After compulsory service

in the army they were expected to be government officials and take part in Jury Service.

Stable food supply-How did Ancient Greeks provide food so they could survive, plus extra for trade?
In different seasons they would eat different food like in winter they would eat dried fruit and food
they had stored like apples and lentils. Ancient Greece would fish for different types of fishes. The
Ancient Greeks grew olives, grapes, figs and wheat and kept goats, for milk and cheese. They would
have plant that did not a lot of room to grow.
Religion-What set of beliefs did the ancient Greeks have? How did they worship, spend holidays,
pray, and perform rituals? Many ancient Greeks recognized the twelve major (Olympian) gods and
goddesses (Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, Athena, Ares, Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus,
Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus). Greeks from all over sent gifts to the sanctuary and since it
was considered sacred, no one every robbed it. The Greeks would have a big party but more like a
festivals on holidays. They would pray at temples.
Government-How did the Ancient Greeks keep law and order and make laws? They did it by a king, a
small group, or democracy. They also would write something on a stone tablet or something else and
say like if person does A he will have a result of B. There was also Monarch, Oligarchy, and Tyranny.
In a monarchy, one person, usually a king, holds the power. Also Greek city-states were ruled by
oligarchies, in which power is held by a few people. Tyranny is a form of government in which a
person who is not a lawful king holds the power. The people of Athens were the first Greeks to
develop a form of democracy, known as a direct democracy, in which every citizen was allowed to
vote on every issue.
Writing-What symbols and signs did they put together to make words? They used some of the
Phoenicians writing and added some letters. The Greek alphabet was the first alphabet to use
vowels. The name of the Greek letters are alpha beta gamma delta epsilon zeta eta theta iota kappa
lamda mu nu xi omicron pi rho sigma tau upsilon phi chi psi omega.
Culture-What unique way did the creatively express themselves (through any type of art)? What did
they do for entertainment? What they did for entertainment is do plays. They would draw on vases
to match what people did every day.
Technology-What advances did they make? What inventions and processes did they come up with to
make life easier? In science and technology are the advances. They made a watermill, alarm clock,
central heating, a crane, and Archimedes' Screw.

What sea is south of ancient Greece? Label it. Mediterranean sea

What sea lies along the eastern coast of Greece? Label it. Aegean sea

On what continent is ancient Greece located? Label it. Europe

On which continents did ancient Greeks establish settlements? Draw and color these colonies and

label the continents on which they are located.

Located the Adriatic and Ionian seas on your map and label them.

Locate and label the cities of Athens and Sparta.



The Greeks did not have much level land for farming or grazing cattle. How did they meet this
challenge? They used plants that did not need as much space like grapes and olives. They also used
sheep's because the can graze on the side of mountains.

Over time, as the population of ancient Greek communities increased, some communities did not
have enough farmland to produce enough food for the population. What did ancient greeks do to
solve this problem? The Greeks would attack other villages for more farm space or find new land
beyond the mainland. They also would build wide earth steps into the hills to create more flat land
for planting.
Most of the Greek islands lie between the Greek mainland and Asia Minor (present-day Turkey).
Would this fact have made travel to Asia Minor easier or more difficult? Explain. It would not
because the trip there was still hard. The stars could tell sailors a ship's location, but not what
hazards lay nearby. Like if there was a rocky coastline.
When the ancient Greeks established settlements in other countries, they came into contact with
people from other cultures. How might this have affected the history of ancient Greece? It might
have confused or interested the Greeks because it would interfere with their religion.

Colonization (Carthage) The Phoenicians were an ancient civilization of Canaan. The major cities of

Phoenicia were built of the coast of Mediterranean sea. They were famed as "traders in purple" by

classic Greece and Rome. They were also the greatest traders of their time

Exploration) The Phoenicians were good at trading and gave the Greeks what they needed like
wood, salves, glass and powdered Tyrian purple. This made possible for other projects needed to
be none.

Written communication (alphabet) The Phoenician alphabet was one of the first alphabets

with a strict and consistent form. Then later the Greeks would use most of their alphabet.
Polis: A polis consisted of an urban centre, often fortified and with a sacred centre built on a
natural acropolis or harbour, which controlled a surrounding territory (chora) of land.

Civic participation: The people would people cared about the government but when the
Athenians were king, people that were really rich would start taking over and after a bit there
was no kings.
Voting rights: The only people that could vote were citizens, but only men who had completed
military training were counted as citizens.
Legislative bodies: Though most of governments did not have more than one person rule or
help that city-state. The only type of government that did do this was the Monarchy,
Democracy, and Oligarchy. Oligarchy is when a group is owned by a small group. Monarchy
had a single ruler like a king. A government ruled by the people, or assembly. Officials and
leaders were elected and all citizens had a say.
Written constitutions : The ekklesia, a sovereign governing body that wrote laws and dictated
foreign policy. This started when the Athenian ruled.
Rule of law: There is, first, that most splendid of virtues, equality before the law. When the
Athenian ruled the laws were equal with the people, but the other governments did not care
as much for the people.
Identify democratic concepts developed in ancient Greece that served as a foundation for
American constitutional democracy. One way the ancient Greece was the citizens where able
to change what they thought was wrong, they had a voice in the government. What gave them
that voice was every free man was considered a citizen.

Identify principles from ancient Greek civilizations that are reflected in the American political
process today. The way that ancient Greek has reflected on American political process is the
people have the right to vote what for what they want. They also can help with ruling the
country. The citations have share power. Though they are very similar the U.S changed a few
things from them like the representatives do the majority of lawmaking and governing. The
ancient Greece would let the people vote on everything and only the people.
Government: Both Athens and Spartans had Assemblies. In Athens only men could contribute to
the assemblies. But Spartans let women attend the assembly. Each year, the names of all citizens
30 years of age or older were collected. Then, 500 citizens were selected to be on the council. The
council ran the daily business of government and suggested new laws. But the important
decisions were actually made by a much smaller group called the Council of Elders unlike the
Athens.

Status of citizens: They both had to make people get voted on to get a higher rank. You would
have to be older than 18 and be man for Athens. Only those who had undertaken the Spartan
education process known as the Agoge were eligible.
Women and children: In both city-states women where there just to do things for the house like
clean the house and teach the children. The children for both where there to be taught how the
city saw fit. Boys where taught to be eligible to be a citizen. In Sparta They were free to speak
with their husbands' friends. Women could own and control their own property. They could even
marry again, should their first husband be away at war for too long a time.
Foreigners: If they would enter they would become slaves or work at farms. With this lead that
more religions where spread through the lands.
Helots: The helots were a subjugated population group that formed the main population of
Laconia and Messenia, which were the areas ruled by Sparta. Their exact status was already
disputed in antiquity: according to Critias, they were "slaves to the utmost", whereas according
to Pollux, they occupied a status "between free men and slaves".
Why did the Persian wars begin? King Croesus of Lydia died, and the Ionian Greeks came under
the domination of the Persian Empire which they much resented, so they fought to throw out the
Persians in the Ionian Revolt.
What was the aftermath of the Persian war? Sparta emerged victorious, while the constant
fighting left Athens bankrupt, exhausted and demoralized. Neither city-state regained the
military strength they once had.
Why did the Peloponnesian war begin?

The war started because Athens wanted more and more land then that started a war.
What was the aftermath of the Peloponnesian war? The Athens where spared and where
allowed to live if they never got greedy like that again.
How did Alexander the Great impact ancient Greece? He made the main land of ancient Greece
join as one. After he united the Greek city-states, he launched an expedition to the east and
managed to conquer the Persian Empire and extend the borders of his kingdom till India.
How did Homer the Epic Poet impact Ancient Greece? Homer's most important contribution to
Greek culture was to provide a common set of values that enshrined the Greeks' own ideas about
themselves. He wrote The Iliad and the Odyssey.
How did Socrates the enigmatic philosopher impact ancient Greece? Plato was his most famous
student and would teach Aristotle who would then tutor Alexander the Great. While generally
accurate and certainly useful for pedagogical purposes, no rigid boundary separates the parts.

Ethics, for example, concerns how one ought to live and focuses on pleasure, virtue, and
happiness. Since, according to Plato (and Socrates), virtue and happiness require knowledge, e.g.,
knowledge of goods and evils, Plato's ethics is inseparable from his epistemology. Epistemology
is, broadly speaking, the study of what knowledge is and how one comes to have knowledge.
How did Plato the metaphysic philosopher impact ancient Greece? In his written dialogues he
conveyed and expanded on the ideas and techniques of his teacher Socrates. Among the many
topics included in epistemology are logic, belief, perception, language, science, and knowledge.
(‘Science’ derives from the Latin ‘scientia’, which in turn translates the Greek ‘episteme’, from
which English derives ‘epistemology’.) Integral to all of these notions is that they (typically) are
directed at something.
How did Aristotle the philosopher of reason impact ancient Greece? His writings cover many
subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry,
theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government – and constitute the first
comprehensive system of Western philosophy.
Literature and history: In poetry, tragedy, comedy, and history, Greek writers created
masterpieces that have inspired, influenced, and challenged readers to the present day.
Government: It was in Greece, and particularly Athens, that democracy was first conceived and
used as a primary form of government. The Greek City-State. Ancient Greece was made up of
city-states.
Medicine: Ancient Greece was developing in all areas – trade, farming, warfare, sailing,
craftsmanship etc. Their knowledge of medicine developed accordingly. the Hippocratic oath
was the healing of god.
Mathematics: Ancient Greece made a lot of advances in math and science, like they found the
value of pi and made the book of elements.
Astronomy: They formulated that the sun was 300 times the size of the earth. The Pythagoreans
found conclusive evidence in favor of a spherical earth after it was discovered that the moon
shines by reflecting light, and the right explanation for eclipses was found. The earth’s shadow
on the moon’s surface suggested that the shape of our planet was spherical.
Geography: Greece was the land of high mountains, perennial and seasonal riv-ers, limestone
areas, and the land of occurrence of diverse phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes and tides.
These diversities made Greeks think in this field. The work of the Greeks contain numerous
references to mountains, delta-building, change of weather, winds, rains, earthquakes and their
causes, volcanoes and the transformation in the topographic features.
Biology: They also used sheep's because the can graze on the side of mountains. Natural
Selection is the manner in which species evolve to fit their environment - "survival of the fittest."
Those individuals best suited to the local environment leave the most offspring, transmitting
their genes in the process. This natural selection results in adaptation, the accumulation of the
genetic variations that are favored by the environment. Many Greek scientists thought about
natural selection and the origin of life. Anaximander believed that marine life was the first life on
Earth and that changes happened to animals when they moved to dry land. Empedocles had the
idea of chance combinations of organs arising and dying out because of their lack of adaptation.
Architecture: With religion reigning as a dominant force in ancient Greek society, citizens needed
to construct temples that reflected such devotion. The Parthenon and the Erechtheum are just
two of the many impressive examples of their age-old architectural knowledge and practice that
are still revered today. Flaunting ornate columns and beautiful figures, the temples are designed
with particular attention to how all of the components of the structure relate to one another.

Theater: The Greece used theater to show the people felt or what happen. The early days of
ancient Greek theatre began as festivals honoring the god Dionysus, and eventually evolved into
an art all its own, once more than one person was allowed to take the stage at any given time.
After performing the first known dramatic poetry reading on stage, Thespis became recognized
as the first Greek actor and founder of the tragedy genre. Comedy, another genre introduced
soon after by the Greeks, relied mainly on imitation. Aristophanes, for example, is most well-
known for writing comedic plays, 11 of which have managed to survive to the present day.

Sports (Olympics): The Greece was the first to host the Olympics. The breathtaking city of
Olympia is home to one of the world’s greatest — and oldest — sport event traditions. More
than 3,000 years ago, the ancient Greeks began hosting the games every four years in honor of
the god Zeus. This practice continued for almost 12 centuries until Emperor Theodosius banned
“pagan cult” rituals in 393 AD. The first modern Olympic games took place in Athens in 1896.