ICORSSIHS 2023

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY & SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION & NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE 26-27 AUGUST 2023 HOTEL PERDANA, KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN 2023 MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA KELANTAN STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT O i

MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA KELANTAN STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA I N COLL A BORA T IO N WI T H ORG A N IS ED B Y STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SOCIETY OF MEDICAL PHYSICIST IN MALAYSIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (EXCO) 2023/2024 PERFEKS PRESIDENT TS. NIK MOHAMED HAZMI BIN HJ. NIK HUSSAIN STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE VICE PRESIDENT MRS. NURMAZAINA BINTI MD ARIFFIN SECRETARY TS. KU SHAIDATON AKMAR BINTI KU BAKAR ASSISSTANT SECRETARY I MR. SYARUL IMAN BIN SAUFI ASSISSTANT SECRETARY II MS. NORSURAYA BINTI ABDUL JABBAR TREASURER MS. NURAIN BINTI BORHAN ASSISSTANT TREASURER MRS. SITI NORSYAFIQAH BINTI MOHD MUSTAFA MEDICAL RADIATION SURVEILLANCE DIVISION TS. MOHD NATHIR BIN MOHD KAMARI STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT MRS. NOR HAMIMAH BINTI MD NON RADIOLOGY DR. HANIF BIN HASPI HARUN RADIOTHERAPY MS. YUSNIRA BINTI YUSOFF NUCLEAR MEDICINE MS. NURUL NADIAH BINTI RAPIEI FREELANCE MR. HJ. MOHD TARMIZI BIN SAIDIN 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

MR. NURSHARUL AMAN BIN JOHARI MR. AZMAN BIN IBRAHIM MR. MUHAMMAD NAZRUL BIN ABDUL WAHAP MR. YUSRI BIN YUSUF MR. ARIF HAFIZI BIN RAMLI MR. NIK AMIRUDDEEN BIN NIK PAKHERUDDIN MRS. WAN NURUL AINI BINTI WAN IBRAHIM TREASURER MS. WAN NOR SUHAILA BINTI WAN AZIZ MRS. ANISAH BINTI MOHD ALI MS. NORSHAMIMI AZUA BINTI MOHD NOOR MRS. MALIHAH YUMNI BINTI MOHD RAZALLY MRS. NURUL SYAKIRA BINTI MAT BAKRI MRS. NURHIZWANI BINTI HILMI TS. MOHD NATHIR BIN MOHD KAMARI MRS. TUAN SOLAWATI BINTI TUAN MUDA MRS. NURUL ASHIKIN BIN SIDI AHMAD MR. AIMI FIRDAUS BIN SHAFIE MRS. FAZILATUL LIZA BINTI MOHD IDRIS MRS. HJH. NOOR FADZILAH HANA BINTI MAHPOT DR. HANIF BIN HASPI HARUN DR. FATIN NADHIRAH BINTI A. HALIM MS. YUSNIRA BINTI YUSOFF MS. NURAIN BINTI BORHAN MRS. SITI NORMASITAH BINTI MASDUKI MR. SYARUL IMAN BIN SAUFI MRS. NURMAZAINA BINTI MD ARIFFIN PROF. MADYA DR. RAFIDAH BINTI ZAINON SCIENTIFIC, PROCEEDINGS & INTERNATIONAL RELATION TS. NIK MOHAMED HAZMI BIN HJ. NIK HUSSAIN ADVISOR MR. AZMAN BIN IBRAHIM ASSISTANT PROGRAM DIRECTOR 1 MR. HENDRA PAWITRA BIN JAJAT SUDRAJAT PROGRAM DIRECTOR MR. MOHD AZAMNIE BIN AB. KADER ASSISTANT PROGRAM DIRECTOR 2 DR. MUTIA SUHAIBAH BINTI ABDULLAH SECRETARY MRS. NOR HAMIMAH BINTI MD NON ASSISTANT SECRETARY MRS. NURHIZWANI BINTI HILMI ASSISSTANT TREASURER MR. RAHMATFADLI BIN MARZUKI MR. MOHAMAD AMINUDIN BIN SAID MRS. SITI NORSYAFIQAH BINTI MOHD MUSTAFA MR. HJ. MOHD TARMIZI BIN SAIDIN MRS. NOOR DIANA BINTI DOLMAT TS. KU SHAIDATON AKMAR BINTI KU BAKAR MR. IZAM SYUWARI BIN ISHAK MRS. SHARMILA BINTI MOHD IMRAN MR. SYARUL IMAN BIN SAUFI MRS. NURMAZAINA BINTI MD ARIFFIN MS. NORAINI BINTI ABD RAZAK MR. MOHD AZAMNIE BIN AB. KADER MRS. SITI KHADIJAH BINTI HARON MRS. NUR HAYATI BINTI MUHD SHAMSHUDIN MRS. ENG KAE YANN TECHNICAL & AUDIO REGISTRATION PROGRAM SPONSORSHIP, PROMOTION & PUBLICITY CO N F ERE N C E S E CRE T ARI A T STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE PROTOCOL EXHIBITION, BOOTH & LOGISTIC 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ASSALAMUALAIKUM WARAHMATULLAHIWABARAKATUH AND SALAM MALAYSIA MADANI Dear distinguished guests and delegates of ICORSSIHS 2023. Welcome to the 5 International Conference on Radiation Safety and Security in Healthcare Services 2023. I am extremely delighted that once again, Persatuan Pegawai Sains Fizik (PERFEKS) has proven its impeccable capabilities to organize conference of international standards. Truly such and event of this magnitude would not have been possible without the commitment of hardworking team and months of preparation. As we may already know, ionizing radiation has played important role in radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation therapy. From their crude beginnings 100 years ago, diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation therapy have all evolved into advanced techniques, and are regarded as essentials tools across all branches and specialties of medicine. The Ministry of Health has always committed and will continue to mobilize the health sector towards a safer and effective use of radiation in health care. We have move resolutely in recent years to strengthen our legislative infrastructure. To fulfill MOH’s aspiration to continuously improve its health care services to public, this should be a platform for people who work with ionizing radiation, to update their knowledge with current practice and serve the public. I sincerely hope that this will create a stimulating intellectual environment and will further inspire all participants to pursue their activities with greater robustness. Its my sincere hope that everyone will enjoy this conference as much as the organizing committee has meticulously arranged for all of you. For our foreign delegates and also participants from outside of Kelantan, we extend our warmest welcome and truly wish that you would take some time off after the event to explore the bustling and melting port of city of Kota Bharu. YB DR ZALIHA MUSTAFA MINISTER OF HEALTH, MALAYSIA MINISTER OF HEALTH FOR EWORD th 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

Welcome to the 5 ICORSSIHS 2023 in Kota Bharu where a new experience awaits. We are excited to host this conference along with Kelantan State Health Department. We anticipate long and stimulating days full of intellectual excitement, interactions with colleagues, old friends, researchers, mentees and mentors. PERFEKS or PERSATUAN PEGAWAI SAINS (FIZIK) KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA was established in 2010. Since then, we have been organized to promote and initiate radiation safety and nuclear security as well as related fields in medical physics, in collaboration with experts throughout our country as well as abroad. In view of the rapidly advancing frontiers of science and technology, and the increasing importance of international collaboration, I strongly felt that we should play an important role in promoting the good practice of radiation safety and security in our field. The theme of this conference is ‘Strengthening Radiation Protection and Nuclear Security in Healthcare Services’ which will give a universal stage in the exchange to the future and present advances as well as difficulties to achieve radiation safety and security while using the various techniques specifically in radiation healthcare. Aside from that, this conference’s goal is also to bring together, a multi-disciplinary group of scientists and health professionals to exchange information and experience in the field of radiation protection and nuclear security. It promotes research and identifies areas for future improvement. This is all part of our contribution to ensure that radiation science and technology achieve their full potential for the benefit of humankind. Finally, I want to convey my deep appreciation and gratitude to the Kelantan State Health Department, organising committee and all of our distinguished plenary and invited speakers. I hope this conference will be enlightening for all of us, and I hope also that we will be able to continuously collaborate to push the frontiers of science and solve the problems of our nation. TS. NIK MOHAMED HAZMI BIN HJ NIK HUSSAIN PRESIDENT, PERFEKS STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE PRESIDENT OF PERFEKS WEL COME NOT E th 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE PROGRAM DIRECTOR OF ICoRSSiHS G R EE T ING S F ROM Welcome to the 5 International Conference on Radiation Safety & Security in Healthcare Services (ICoRSSiHS) 2023 held at this spectacular Perdana Hotel, Kota Bharu. The theme for this conference is Strengthening Radiation Protection and Nuclear Security in Healthcare Services. This program is specifically designed to fulfil all the basic fundamentals and updates of radiation safety and also the security of radioactive sources mainly in healthcare services. My special thanks go to PERSATUAN PEGAWAI SAINS FIZIK, KEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN MALAYSIA (PERFEKS) and KELANTAN STATE OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT for giving me the opportunity to organize this conference and also to the organizing committee for all the hard work along the journey to make sure this event is successful. I acknowledge my sincere gratitude to the distinguished invited speakers and presenters and would like to congratulate all participants for being a part of this conference. I am sure that you will find this conference both fulfilling in embracing new knowledge and enjoyable with huge opportunities for future research collaboration. During this two-day conference, let us learn and interact with the experts and network with colleagues from various backgrounds. Thank you very much to all who have contributed directly or indirectly to the success of this conference, as well as to all sponsors for their generous contributions. Finally, I hope that this conference will benefit all the radiation or non-radiation-related medical personnel who participated. Despite the intense program, all of you will be able to get some glimpses here in Kota Bharu. On behalf of the organising committee, we are privileged to have you with us and wish you a delightful and stimulating conference. Thank you MR. HENDRA PAWITRA BIN JAJAT SUDRAJAT PROGRAM DIRECTOR, 5 ICoRSSiHS th th 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

TIME TOPIC 07:45 - 08:20 Registration 08:20 - 08:30 Welcoming Address  Mr. Hendra Pawitra Jajat Sudarjat, Project Director, ICoRSSiHS 2023 08:30 - 09:10  Keynote 1: Adapting to the Future of Radiology: Strategies for Staying Relevant in the Age of AI Prof. Dr. Yeong Chai Hong, President, SEAFOMP 09:10 - 10:00 Opening ceremony  10:00 - 10:30  Vendor Talk “HyperSight: A Revolution in Resolution” Mr. Jack Joo Teo, Clinical Management Manager, Varian a Siemens Healthineers Company, Malaysia 10:30 - 10:50 Morning Break 10:50 - 11:30 Keynote 2: Explore the Possibility of Monitoring Exposure Indicator for Optimal  Image Quality in Digital Radiography  System Mr. Bazli bin Sapiin, Deputy Director, Medical Radiation Surveillance Division (MRSD), MOH, Malaysia 11:30 - 12:10 New Emerging Technology in CT: Technical Image Quality Assessment Dr Choirul Anam, Lecturer, Uni Diponegoro, Indonesia 12:10 - 12:20 Free Oral Paper Presentation 1 Distribution of Normalised Scattered Radiation Doses to Different Staff’s Eye Heights at Twelve Positions Near An Angiographic Examination Table : A Phantom Study Ms. Halimatussa’diah Ahmad Radzi, International Islamis University Malaysia (IIUM) 12:20 - 12:30 Free Oral Paper Presentation 2 Towards patient-specific EPID-base In-vivo dosimetry (IVD) verification : A preliminary study Mr. Ghassan Haleem Mohsin Al-Mursherdi, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) 12:30 - 12:40 Free Oral Paper Presentation 3 Assessment of Mean Glandular Dose Across Digital Mammography, Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, and ContrastEnhanced Ms. Norhashimah Mohd Norsuddin, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 12:40 - 12:50 Free Oral Paper Presentation 4 Assessment of Pre-Therapeutic Blood Based Dosimetry in Radioiodine Therapy : Evaluating Different Dosimetry Models Using Iodine-124 at Institut Kanser Negara Mr. Mohamad Aminudin Said, Institut Kanser Negara (IKN) 12:50 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 14:20  Office of Radiological Security (ORS) Responsibility in Promoting Nuclear Security Ms. Shannon Goodwin, Project Manager, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), USA 14:20 - 14:40  Adoption of Alternative Technologies to Replace High Activity Radioactive Sources in Medical App Ms. Shannon Goodwin, Project Manager, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), USA 14:40 - 15:20  Patient Radiation Dose Calculation by Using Developed Software Dr. Choirul Anam, Lecturer, Uni Diponegoro, Indonesia 15:20 - 15:40 Afternoon Break 15:40 - 16:20  Comprehensive Clinical Audits of Diagnostic Radiology Practices through QUAADRIL: A Tool for Quality Improvement (IKN experience) Mrs. Siti Norsyafiqah binti Mohd Mustafa, Medical Physicist, Institut Kanser Negara (IKN), Malaysia 16:20 - 17:00 The Application of AI Towards the Realization of Precision Medicine  Dr. Mohd Syahir bin Mansor, Lecturer, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Malaysia 17:00 End of the day STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE PROGRAMME DAY 1 (26 AUGUST 2023) 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE PROGRAMME DAY 2 (27 AUGUST 2023) TIME TOPIC 08:00 - 08:20 Registration 08:20 - 09:00 The Role of PSMA Imaging and Therapy in Managing Prostate Cancer Dr Mohamad Shahrir Abdul Rahim, Nuclear Medicine Physician, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Medical Centre, Malaysia 09:00 - 09:40  Advances in Respiratory Management in Radiotherapy Dr. Joong Wei Long, Medical Physicist, Singapore Institute of Advanced Medicine (SAM), Singapore 09:40 - 10:10 Vendor Talk ALYPZ as One-stop Solution Provider for Radiation Safety Mohd Rinady Rifiat, QA Tester, Alypz Sdn Bhd, Malaysia 10:10 - 10:30  Morning Break 10:30 - 11:10 Skin Dose Assessment in Interventional Radiology Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noramaliza binti Mohd Noor, Lecturer, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah (HSAAS), Malaysia 11:10 - 11:50 From Beta to Targeted Alpha Therapy in Theranostics Prof. Dr. Yeong Chai Hong, President, SEAFOMP 11:50 - 12:30 Treatment Planning System (TPS) Commissioning & Quality Assurance Dr. Joong Wei Long, Medical Physicist, Singapore Institute of Advanced Medicine (SAM), Singapore 12:30 - 12:40 Free Oral Paper Presentation 5 Developing Personalised Protocols for Pediatric Head CT scanning: Towards Dose Optimisation and Patient Safety Ms. Noor Diyana Osman, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) 12:40 - 12:50 Free Oral Paper Presentation 6 Quantifying Cumulative Equivalent Dose in Radiotherapy Trainees during Clinical Practices: Towards Establishing Radiation Exposure Baseline Mr. Muhammad Safwan Ahmad Fadzil, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 12:50 - 13:00 Free Oral Paper Presentation 7 Radiomics Analysis of DWI MRI for Predicting Cervical cancer staging Ms. Zarina Ramli, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch 14:00 - 14:40 Normal Tissue Response & Fractionation Effects Dr. Zulaikha binti Jamalludin, Lecturer, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia 14:40 - 15:20  A Practical Guidelines and Protocol for Quality Assurance in Modern Gynaecological HDR System Dr. Zulaikha binti Jamalludin, Lecturer, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia 15:20 - 16:00  Monte Carlo Simulation - Leading the Way for Personalised Medicine Dr. Nurul Hashikin binti Ab Aziz , Lecturer, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia 16:00 - 16:30  Prize Giving Ceremony & Closing Remarks 16.30 Afternoon Break / End of the day 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE Ms. Shannon Goodwin C U R R I C U L UM V I T A E OF S PE A K E R S Prof. Dr. Yeong Chai Hong Shannon Goodwin has been a Domestic and International Deputy Project Lead Domestic for Alternative Technologies under the National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA) Office of Radiological Security (ORS) since 2018. In addition, Shannon is a subject matter expert (SME) that supports outreach to sites interested in switching from isotopic-based devices to non-isotopic alternative replacements. Prior to this, Shannon served as Lead Trainer for NNSA’s Nuclear Smuggling Detection and Deterrence (NSDD) Program where responsibilities included training international partners to deter, detect, and interdict nuclear and radioactive materials. Shannon has participated in a variety of laboratory and field projects focused on sample characterization, hazardous waste site monitoring, and environmental sampling in support of national security missions, including laboratory and field investigations conducted on behalf of the Department of Energy (DOE) and Department of Defense (DOD). Yeong Chai Hong is a Professor of Medical Physics at Taylor’s University. She is the current President of the South-East Asia Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics (SEAFOMP), Chair of Medical Physics World Board, International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP), Vice President of the Malaysian Association of Medical Physics (MAMP), and one of the Founders of the ASEAN College of Medical Physics (ACOMP). She is also an IAEA expert for multiple Task Groups and regional activities. She was the recipient of the IUPAP Young Scientist Award 2021, first from the developing countries, and SEAFOMP Young Leader Award 2017. Her research areas focus on theragnostics nuclear medicine, interventional radiology and 3D printing in medicine. She owns 4 patents and has published more than 80 journal articles, 2 academic books and 2 book chapters. She is the Editor of the e-Medical Physics World (eMPW) Bulletin and IOMP Newsletter. She also serves as a reviewer for several international renowned journals. 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

Dr. Choirul Anam STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE Choirul Anam completed his Ph.D in Physics Department, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) in 2018. He received Master degree from University of Indonesia (UI) in 2010 and the B.Sc degree in physics from Diponegoro University (UNDIP) in 2001. In 2016, he conducted research on computed tomography (CT) dosimetry at Kyushu University (KU). He is currently working as a Lecturer and Researcher in the UNDIP. His research interests are medical image reconstruction, medical image processing, and dosimetry for diagnostic radiology, particularly in CT. He has authored and co-authored over 180 papers. In the last ten years, he was the first author over 50 papers in peer reviewed scientific journals. He is a reviewer in many reputable medical physics journals, such as Medical Physics (Med Phys), Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB), Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics (JACMP), Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics (EJMP), Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (PESM), Journal of Digital Imaging (JDI), Journal of Radiological Protection (JRP), Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express (BPEX), Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology (JMIRO), Radiological Physics and Technology (RPT), Radiation Physics and Chemistry (RPC), Applied Radiation and Isotope (ARI), Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering (JBPE), Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology (JXST), and so on. He is a member of the Editorial Board for Journal of Medical Physics and Biophysics (JMPB) and Journal of Physics and Its Application (JPA). One of his paper published in the Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics (JACMP) had been awarded as the Best Medical Imaging Physics Article in 2016. He received the Best Paper Award during 15th South East Asian Congress of Medical Physics (SEACOMP). He was also recognised as an Outstanding Reviewer for Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB) in 2018 and for Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express (BPEX) in 2019. He was also awarded as the SEAFOMP Young Leader Awards 2019 for his contribution in CT dosimetry and image quality from the South East Asian Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics (SEAFOMP). In 2022, he was 3rd Best Author in the Science and Engineering category of SINTA, at UNDIP. He is developer of two software, i.e. IndoseCT (A software for measuring and managing radiation dose of computed tomography for an individual patient) and IndoQCT (A software for measuring CT image quality). The software can be downloaded through the website of www.indosect.com. Anam is a member of Indonesian Association of Physicist in Medicine (AFISMI). He can be contacted through his email: [email protected] Mr. Bazli bin Sapiin Bazli bin Sapiin is a Deputy Director at Medical Radiation Surveillance Division (MRSD), Malaysia Ministry of Health. He has been working as regulator in MOH for 31 years. He involved in preparing many policy papers regarding the usage of ionising radiation in medicine. He also delivered many lectures and training in radiation protection, quality control of ionising apparatus and the usage of ionising radiation in medicine. His interests lie in quality control within the field of digital radiography (DR) and computed radiography (CR) systems, as well as in shielding calculation. He is also the invited lecturer, auditor and examiner for Advanced Diploma in Breast Imaging. He was the national coordinator programme for IAEA Distance Assisted Training (DAT) for Nuclear Medicine Technologist (2 years program) since 2011 until 2022. He was a committee member for Jawatankuasa Pembangunan Silibus Advanced Diploma in Nuclear Medicine and involved in developing Subject Matter Experts (SME) for Medical Physicist in Ministry of Health. Furthermore, he was also a national committee member for Certification of Radiation Protection Officer (JKPPPS) under Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB). Currently, he is also involving in developing Certification of Radiation Protection Officer Program in medical. He was also one of the members of Jawatankuasa Tetap Keselamatan (JTK), Atomic Energy Licencing Board (AELB) 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noramaliza binti Mohd Noor Noramaliza Mohd Noor started her career as an academician in the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UPM since 2012. She obtained her BSc (Medical Physics) and MSc (Medical Physics) from Universiti Sains Malaysia. She then pursued her PhD in Radiotherapy Dosimetry at the University of Surrey, United Kingdom. Noramaliza is an active researcher in the field of Medical Physics, as evident from her involvement in more than 14 grants from government and industries where she serves as the principal investigator. She had published more than 60 articles in high impact journals from well-established publishers and also had two patents and one copyright. Currently, she held the position of the head, Medical Physics Unit and also as a Radiation protection officer at Teaching Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, HSAAS. Dr. Mohamad Shahrir bin Abdul Rahim Mohamad Shahrir bin Abdul Rahim obtained his MBBS from International Islamic University Malaysia in 2004. Later, he completed his Master clinical training in Nuclear Medicine at the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, USM in 2013. He is actively involved as the facilitator, trainer and lecturer in medical practices training of undergraduate and post-graduate program. Previously, he has been appointed as honorary lecturer at AMDI USM. He has published several journals and was a speaker in various seminar and conference at national and international level. Apart from his expertise in nuclear medicine field, he also involved as a committee member of Islamisation of Human Knowledge (IOHK), Kulliyyah of Medicine and Shariah compliant hospital Coordination Committee, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC@ IIUM). Currently he is Head of IIUM Nuclear Medicine Centre at Kuantan Pahang and Nuclear Medicine Physician at the Department of Radiology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and SASMEC@IIUM. 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE Dr. Mohd Syahir bin Mansor Dr. Jong Wei Loong Jong Wei Loong is the International Medical Physics Certification Board (IMPCB) certified and a doctorate medical physicist with ten years of experience in radiation oncology (Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore). He experiences with both Varian and Elekta systems. He also experienced in commissioning of linear accelerator and treatment planning system. He is also a reviewer for international ISI-indexed and SCOPUS-indexed scientific journals. Syahir Mansor was born in Penang, Malaysia on the 2nd of September 1985. He obtained his Bachelor of Health (B.Health) in Medical Radiation Science from Universiti Sains Malaysia. Later on, he gained his Master of Science (MSc) in Medical Radiation Science, also from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), with a specialization in Nuclear Medicine Physics under the Fellowship program from USM and the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia. Under the same fellowship program, he started to work at the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at the Vrije Universiteit Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands. Right after that, he was appointed as a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA. His study area of interest is PET quantification, kinetic analysis, and internal dosimetry of newly developed radiopharmaceuticals in the area of neurology and oncology, and cardiology. His future interest is to integrate artificial intelligence in nuclear medicine imaging and dosimetry, and also carry out collaboration in terms of quantitative studies among different Nuclear Medicine centers throughout the world in the area of neurology and oncology, and cardiology. 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

Dr. Zulaikha binti Jamalludin STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE Dr. Nurul Hashikin binti Ab. Aziz Zulaikha Jamalludin currently serves as Senior Lecturer and Clinical Medical Physicist at the Clinical Oncology Department, UMMC. She previously worked as Medical Physicist in Hospital University of Science Malaysia (HUSM) for 3-years before joining UMMC in 2010. She received her PhD in Clinical Oncology Physics in 2021 from the Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya. As clinical physicist and a lecturer in a teaching hospital, she is responsible on producing high quality radiotherapy treatment planning for oncology patients; perform dose measurement and quality assurance check on radiotherapy modalities while being involved with various clinical improvement technique, research and academic teaching related to Medical Physics and Oncology services. Her main expertise and research covers all applications related to brachytherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, in vivo dosimetry, hybrid treatment planning and radiobiology of hypo-fractionated treatment, while being the author and co-author for number of publications related to her field of expertise. Nurul Hashikin Ab. Aziz has been serving as a Senior Lecturer at the School of Physics, USM since 2018. She obtained her PhD in Medical Physics from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya in 2017. Her niche area is primarily focused on computational approach in medical physics dosimetry, particularly using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation. Her work involving Geant4 studies on Yttrium-90 radioembolization dosimetry have been published in top-tier medical physics journals which include Physics in Medicine and Biology, and Medical Physics. She aspire to attract more Geant4 users in Malaysia, eventually implementing the code in hospitals throughout Malaysia. To date, she has been actively involved in the supervision of postgraduate and undergraduate students on various topics using Geant4. 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

Mrs. Siti Norsyafiqah binti Mohd Mustafa STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE Siti Norsyafiqah Mohd Mustafa graduated from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia with Bachelor Degree in Nuclear Science & Master Degree in Radiation & Nuclear Safety. She has 10 years’ experience working as Medical Physicist with primary clinical specialities in Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation safety. She also plays a role and contribute to the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment procedures of human disease while ensuring the safety of the patients and public. 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

PRESENTER NAME TITLES ABSTRACT ID TYPE Halimatussa’diah Ahmad Radzi Distribution of Normalised Scattered Radiation Doses to Different Staff’s Eye Heights at Twelve Positions Near an Angiography Examination Table : A Phantom Study. 01 Oral Ghassan H, Al Murshedi Towards Patient-Specific EPID-Base In-Vivo dosimetry (IVD) Verification : A preliminary Study 02 Oral Norhashimah Mohd Norsuddin Assessment of Mean Glandular Dose Across Digital Mammography, Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, and Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography 03 Oral Nursakinah Suardi Insights into Hyperthermia Effects in Laser-Based Therapies 04 Poster Mohamad Aminudin Bin Said Assessment of Pre-Therapeutic Blood-Based Dosimetry in Radioiodine Therapy : Evaluating Different Dosimetry Models Using Iodine-124 at Institut Kanser Negara 05 Oral Norhayati Abdullah Dosimetric Characterization of Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimetry System with Electron Beams for Use in National Radiotherapy Dosimetry Audit Services 06 Poster Noor Diyana Osman Developing Personalised Protocols for Pediatric Head CT Scanning: Towards Dose Optimisation and Patient Safety 07 Oral Abdul Khaliq Mohd Saparudin Evaluation of Occupational Radiation Exposure to Radiography Students During Clinical Attachment usingOptically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter 08 Poster Nur Dalila Mansor Phantom Evaluation of SPECT Quantification in Multi-vendor SPECT/CT Systems 09 Poster Muhammad Safwan Ahmad Fadzil Quantifying Cumulative Equivalent Dose in Radiotherapy Trainees during Clinical Practices : Towards Establishing Radiation Exposure Baseline 10 Oral Shahnulatiqa Kamarulzaman Awareness, Knowledge, and Current Practice in Eye Lens Radiation Protection Among Intervention al Radiology and Cardiology Medical Personnel in Malaysia 11 Poster STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE LIST OF ABSTRACTS 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE PRESENTER NAME TITLES ABSTRACT ID TYPE Mohd Fairoz bin Mohd Yusoff Estimation of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) Values for Common Diagnostic Procedures of General X-Ray Equipment in Melaka 12 Poster Zarina Ramli Radiomics Analysis of DWI MRI for Predicting Cervical Cancer Staging 13 Oral Nurnazira Zakaria The Effect of Different Compression on Breast Phantom to the Average GlandularDose (AGD) and Image Quality using FFDM and DBT. 14 Poster Noor Diyana Osman Utilisation of IndoQCT Software for Image Quality Analysis in Routine QA CT : Initial Experience from PPUSMB 15 Poster Nurul Syakireen Zainal The Effectiveness of the DIBH Technique Practised in Institut Kanser Negara for Left Breast Cancer 16 Poster Hanif Bin Haspi Harun Comparative Analysis of Quantitative Image Quality Metrics Between Different Types of Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction in CTPA Protocols 17 Poster Mohd Nathir Mohd Kamari Disposal of Cobalt-60 (Co-60) Teletherapy System in Medical Institution : Involvement of Stakeholders in Ensuring the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources 19 Poster Siti Aliah Jifrih Simulation Of Different Type of Elements as Potential Radiation Shielding Material 20 Poster Azizan Bin Hamli @ Hanif Estimation of Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) for Children in Computed Tomography Scanner in Two Public Hospital in Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and Selangor 21 Poster Norafatin Khalid Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels (LDRLs) for Paediatric Computed Tomography Brain (CTB) in Hospital Sungai Buloh 23 Poster Aznita Adan Optimizing Radiotherapy Treatment for Tip of Nose Basal Cell Carcinoma : Case Study on Paraffin Wax-Based Electron Beam Therapy. 24 Poster Arifah Nazirah Abdullah Optimal Bladder Volume during High Dose Rate Hybrid Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer : A Dosimetric Study 25 Poster 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE PRESENTER NAME TITLES ABSTRACT ID TYPE Ku Shaidaton Akmar Binti Ku Bakar Dosimetric Characteristics of Novel Ge-Doped Silica Optical Fibres for Gamma-ray Blood Irradiator 26 Poster Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sayed Inayatullah Shah A Review of Radiation Protection Techniques and Strategies for Pediatric Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Abdominal Examinations 27 Poster Mohd Sazely Bin Khaidzir Effective Dose Estimation Of SPECT-CT for Myocardial Perfusion and Bone Scan Imaging in HSAAS UPM 28 Poster Adiela Binti Saiful Fazad Fetus Dose for Pregnant Patient Undergoing CT Procedure: Monte Carlo Simulation Using Dose Watch Software 29 Poster Zul Iskandar Bin Johari Patient Positioning Setup Verification for IMRT of Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Couch Deviation Errors using CBCT 30 Poster Tasnim Alnawafleh Denoising Effects of COVID-19 Patients' HighResolution Computed Tomography Images Using the Nonlocal Means (NLM) Filter 31 Poster Mohd Syahir Mansor Estimation of Absorbed Dose for Yttrium-90 SPECT/CT Studies Using Commercialized Dosimetry Tool 32 Poster Nik Mohd Amiruddeen A Review on Diagnostic Reference Levels in Digital Mammography 33 Poster 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #01 Di s t r ibut ion of Norma li s ed Sc a t t e r ed Radi a t ion Dos e s to Diff e r ent St a ff’ s Ey e He i ght s a t Twe l v e Pos i t ions Ne a r an Ang iog r aphi c Ex amina t ion T abl e : A Phantom Study . H a l ima tus s a ’di ah Ahmad Radz i , Norhanna Soha imi , Ahmad Ra z a l i M d Ra l ib Int e rnat ional I s lami c U ni v e r s i t y M alay s ia, Kuantan, Pahang , 2 5 2 0 0 , M alay s ia; Sul tan Ahmad Shah M edi cal C ent r e@I I U M (SAS M E C@I I U M ), Kuantan, Pahang , 2 5 2 0 0 , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: The e y e l ens of int e r v ent iona l s t a ff wor k ing in the ang iog r aphy room i s a t r i s k of de v e loping r adi a t ion-induc ed c a t a r a c t s . Purpos e : Study ing the di s t r ibut ion of s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion to diff e r ent e y e he i ght s i s impor t ant to de t e rmine the e y e he i ght s a t r i s k of r e c e i v ing mor e s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion. Me thods : An uppe r body phantom (Kyoto Ka g a ku PB U - 3 1 ) tha t s imul a t ed a human adul t wa s e xpos ed to pe r cut aneous t r anshepa t i c bi l i a r y dr a ina g e (PTBD) t e chni c a l f a c tor s us ing an ang iog r aphy s y s t em (Si emens Ar t i s Q). The e xposur e s we r e r epe a t ed thr e e t ime s for e a ch pos t e roant e r ior (PA), 2 5 ° r i ght ant e r ior obl ique (RAO), and 2 5 ° l e f t ant e r ior obl ique ( LAO) proj e c t ions . For e a ch e xposur e , 96 nanoDot TM ( L andaue r , Inc .) we r e us ed to me a sur e the s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion dos e s a t 1 2 diff e r ent pos i t ions a t the s ide of the e x amina t ion t abl e and 8 he i ght s f rom the floor ( 1 3 5 , 14 0 , 145 , 1 5 0 , 1 5 5 , 16 0 , 165 and 1 7 0 cm). The me a sur ed dos e s we r e in mG y and we r e norma l i s ed to the dos e a r e a produc t (DAP) in mG ym of r e spe c t i v e e xposur e s . The g eome t r i c me ans of the norma l i s ed dos e s in mG y /mG ym for e a ch proj e c t ion we r e then c a l cul a t ed and l a t e r mapped. Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: H i ghe r e y e he i ght s g ene r a l l y r e c e i v ed lowe r s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion dos e s for a l l pos i t ions , e spe c i a l l y ne a r the s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion sour c e . The fl a t pane l de t e c tor ( FD) wa s obs e r v ed onl y to prot e c t the e y e he i ght s of 1 5 0 cm and abov e in PA and 2 5 ° RAO proj e c t ions . C onc lus ions : St a ff wi th e y e he i ght s be low 1 5 0 cm a r e a t a hi ghe r r i s k of r e c e i v ing mor e s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion and ma y not bene fi t f rom the FD’ s shi e lding . Ac knowl edg ement : Spe c i a l thank s to SAS M E C@I I U M for the pe rmi s s ion to col l e c t da t a a t the hospi t a l and the invol v ed membe r s of the Depa r tment of Radiolog y , SAS M E C@I I U M and Depa r tment of Di a gnos t i c Ima g ing and Radiothe r apy , KA H S. Ke ywords : Sc a t t e r ed r adi a t ion, Ang iog r aphy room, Ey e , Radi a t ion dos ime t r y C or r e sponding Author : H a l ima tus s a ’di ah Ahmad Radz i ; ha l imah@i ium. edu.my 1 1 1,2 2 2 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i 1 2

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #02 Towa rds Pa t i ent -Spe c ifi c EPID-Ba s e In- v i vo Dos ime t r y (IVD) Ve r ifi c a t ion: A Pr e limina r y Study G ha s s an H , Al M ur shedi , Ya smin M d Radz i , Noor Na s l inda Noor Ri z an 1School of Phy s i c s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 1 18 0 0 , M inden, Penang , M alay s ia; 2 G l eneag l e s M edi cal C ent r e , 1 0 0 5 0 , G eor g e town, Penang , M alay s ia; Int roduc t ion: C ur r ent l y , the v e r ifi c a t ion of dos ime t r y in v i vo i s cons ide r ed a v i t a l r equi r ement in r adiothe r apy c ent r e s a c ros s v a r ious Europe an count r i e s . I t pl a y s a c ruc i a l rol e in pa t i ent - spe c ifi c qua l i t y a s sur anc e (QA) proc edur e s . The ne ed for thi s v e r ifi c a t ion proc edur e i s prog r e s s i v e l y r i s ing not onl y in Europe but a l so in de v e loped na t ions such a s M a l a y s i a . Purpos e : In thi s s tudy , we a im to ident if y the ne ed for IVD t e chnique s by c l a s s if y ing t r e a tment t e chnique s cur r ent l y impl ement ed in M a l a y s i a . Thi s wor k a l so inv e s t i g a t ing EPID-ba s ed t r e a tment dos e v e r ifi c a t ion could f a c i l i t a t e the e x i s t ing me thods of t r e a tment v e r ifi c a t ion whi ch mos t of them a r e forwa rd c a l cul a t ion and invol v ed cumbe r some s e tup me a sur ement . Me thods : In thi s wor k , we conduc t ed in- v i vo dos e v e r ifi c a t ion us ing EPI g r a y (DOSI sof t , C a chan, F r anc e ). The r e cons t ruc t ed dos e wa s then compa r ed wi th the dos e c a l cul a t ed by the T r e a tment Pl anning Sy s t em ( TPS) for a cohor t of 2 0 pa t i ent s unde r going Volume t r i c M odul a t ed Ar c The r apy (V M AT ) t e chnique . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Through our pr e l imina r y ana l y s i s , we ident ifi ed and the v a r i a t ions in dos e c a l cul a t ion be twe en EPI g r a y and the TPS- g ene r a t ed c a l cul a t ions for the g roup of 2 0 pa t i ent s we r e wi thin 1 0 % , The r e sul t s a l so out l ine di r e c t ions for fur the r de v e lopment and r e s e a r ch be for e i t i s impl ement ed in c l ini c a l s e t t ing a s s i s t ing e x i s t ing pr e - t r e a tment v e r ifi c a t ion. C onc lus ions : By compr ehending the l e v e l of a g r e ement and pot ent i a l v a r i a t ions , we c an fur the r r e fine the ut i l i z a t ion of EPID-ba s ed IVD a s a r e l e v ant tool in ensur ing a c cur a t e and r e l i abl e dos e de l i v e r y dur ing r adiothe r apy t r e a tment s . Ac knowl edg ement : The author s would l i k e to thank M ini s t r y of H i ghe r Educ a t ion, M a l a y s i a for the funding of thi s r e s e a r ch through Fundament a l Re s e a r ch G r ant Scheme ( FR G S) ( g r ant numbe r : FR G S/ 1 / 2 0 2 1 /ST G 0 7 / U S M / 0 2 /4). Ke ywords : EPID-ba s ed IVD, EPI g r a y , dos e v e r ifi c a t ion, V M AT 1 1 2 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #03 As s e s sment of Me an G l andul a r Dos e Ac ros s Di g i t a l Mammog r aphy , Di g i t a l Br e a s t Tomos ynthe s i s , and C ont r a s t -Enhanc ed Di g i t a l Mammog r aphy Norha shimah M ohd Nor suddin , Ra thi e swa r i Ra v int a r an , Jus t ine G o M e i Sin , Shant ini Ar a s a r a tnam , M uhammad Kha l i s Abdul Ka r im 1Depar tment of Diagnos t i c & Appl i ed H eal th Sc i enc e s , Facul t y of H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Kebang saan M alay s ia, 56 0 0 0 Kuala Lumpur , M alay s ia; 2Depar tment of Radiolog y , H ospi tal Kuala Lumpur , Jalan Pahang , 5 0 586 Kuala Lumpur , M alay s ia; 3Depar tment of Phy s i c s , Facul t y of Sc i enc e , U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia 434 0 0 Se rdang M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Al though the adv anc ement in br e a s t ima g ing t e chnolog y c an inc r e a s e c anc e r de t e c t ion, the r e a r e s t i l l conc e rns ov e r the r adi a t ion dos e s de l i v e r ed by the s e t e chnique s . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a imed to compa r e the me an g l andul a r dos e (M GD) a c ros s 2 -Dimens iona l ( 2D), 3 -Dimens iona l ( 3D), and C ont r a s t - Enhanc ed Di g i t a l M ammog r aphy ( C ED M ) mammog r aphi c t e chnique s a t diff e r ent a g e g roups and compr e s s ed br e a s t thi c kne s s ( C BT ). Me thods : The me t ada t a , inc luding M GD, cur r ent (mAs ), k i lovol t a g e pe a k ( kVp), anode fi l t e r , ent r anc e sur f a c e dos e (ESD), a g e , and C BT of c r anioc auda l ( C C ) v i ew of e a ch mammog r aphi c proc edur e , we r e e x t r a c t ed f rom the H olog i c Se l eni a Dimens ions uni t ’ s DI COM ima g e he ade r . The a g e and C BT we r e c a t e gor i z ed into 5 and 3 g roups , r e spe c t i v e l y . The Pe a r son’ s cor r e l a t ion and non-pa r ame t r i c Krus k a l-Wa l l i s wi th pa i rwi s e compa r i son t e s t s we r e pe r formed. Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Av e r a g e M GD for 2D, 3D, and C ED M wa s 1 . 54mG y , 1 .81mG y , and 0 .87mG y r e spe c t i v e l y . The M GD of 2D, 3D, and C ED M wa s pos i t i v e l y cor r e l a t ed wi th C BT but inv e r s e l y cor r e l a t ed wi th the a g e f a c tor . A s i gnifi c ant diff e r enc e (P< 0 . 0 5 ) wa s s e en in the M GD v a lue for a l l C BT c a t e gor i e s ( <4 0mm, 4 0 – 5 0mm, and > 5 0mm) and a g e g roups ( <4 0 , 4 0 –49, 5 0 – 59, 6 0 –69, and > 7 0 ) a c ros s 2D, 3D, and C ED M t e chnique s . C onc lus ions : Thi s s tudy found tha t the M GD of the C ED M mammog r aphi c t e chnique wa s 16 % and 2 2 % lowe r than 2D and 3D t e chnique s , r e spe c t i v e l y , for a l l a g e g roups and C BT c a t e gor i e s . Ac knowl edgment : The author s wi sh to e x t end the i r g r a t i tude to the r adiolog y s t a ff of H ospi t a l Kua l a Lumpur for da t a col l e c t ion a s s i s t anc e and U ni v e r s i t i Kebang s a an M a l a y s i a for g r ant funding . Ke ywords : M e an g l andul a r dos e ; a g e ; compr e s s ed br e a s t thi c kne s s ; mammog r aphy C or r e sponding Author : Norha shimah M ohd Nor suddin; norha shimahnor suddin@ukm. edu.my 1 1 1 2 3 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #04 Ins i ght s into Hype r the rmi a Eff e c t s in L a s e r -Ba s ed The r api e s Nur s a k inah Sua rdi , Nor H ani z a M ohamed Sha r , Nur Ami r ah I z z a t i Bint i M ohamad Kama l , T an C hun Ho 1School of Phy s i c s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, Penang , 1 18 0 0 , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: L a s e r -induc ed hype r the rmi a ha s g a ined r e cogni t ion a s an e ff e c t i v e t r e a tment moda l i t y off e r ing pot ent i a l bene fi t s for v a r ious di s e a s e s , inc luding c anc e r . L a s e r s a f e t y i s of t en ov e r look ed due to the pe r c ept ion tha t l a s e r s emi t non-ioni z ing r adi a t ion. U nde r s t anding t i s sue pene t r a t ion depth and t empe r a tur e chang e s in l a s e r - induc ed hype r the rmi a i s v i t a l for opt imi z ing t r e a tment e ffi c a c y and ensur ing pa t i ent s a f e t y . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a ims to inv e s t i g a t e the depth of t i s sue pene t r a t ion and t empe r a tur e chang e s induc ed by l a s e r -ba s ed hype r the rmi a , prov iding ins i ght s into the the rma l r e spons e wi thin t i s sue and opt imi z a t ion of l a s e r the r apy pa r ame t e r s . Me thods : A blue (47 3 nm) diode pumped sol id- s t a t e (DPSS) l a s e r wi th output powe r of 1 0 0 mW wa s us ed to i r r adi a t e br e a s t chi c k en t i s sue (6 cm in di ame t e r and thi c kne s s of 3 cm). The depth of t i s sue pene t r a t ion wa s me a sur ed us ing spe c t rome t e r , and t empe r a tur e chang e s we r e moni tor ed us ing the rmocoupl e s a t v a r ious di s t anc e s ( 0 . 2 - 2 . 2 cm) f rom the l a s e r sour c e . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The ma x imum int ens i t y t r ansmi t t ed wa s obs e r v ed a t 0 . 2 cm, r e a ching 63 , 1 2 1 a .u whi l e the hi ghe s t pene t r a t ion depth a t 2 . 2 cm r e corded wi th onl y 1 785 a .u. M a x imum t empe r a tur e s r e corded a t 0 . 5 cm i s 5 0 ℃ , whi l e a t 1 . 0 cm, wa s 3 7 . 5 ℃ . The chi c k en s ampl e ' s sur f a c e e xhibi t ed s i gns of burning and di s color a t ion a f t e r prolong ed l a s e r e xposur e . C onc lus ions : By cons ide r ing the depth of t i s sue pene t r a t ion and moni tor ing t empe r a tur e chang e s , c l ini c i ans c an t a i lor l a s e r the r apy pa r ame t e r s for spe c ifi c appl i c a t ions , improv ing the pr e c i s ion and e ff e c t i v ene s s of hype r the rmi a t r e a tment s . Fur the r r e s e a r ch in thi s fi e ld wi l l adv anc e our knowl edg e of l a s e r -induc ed hype r the rmi a and f a c i l i t a t e i t s s a f e impl ement a t ion in c l ini c a l pr a c t i c e . Ac knowl edg ement : The author whi ch to thank s the suppor t by the M ini s t r y of H i ghe r Educ a t ion M a l a y s i a unde r Fundament a l Re s e a r ch G r ant Scheme wi th Proj e c t C ode : FR G S/ 1 / 2 0 2 1 /ST G 0 7 / U S M / 0 2 / 5 . Ke ywords : hype r the rmi a , l a s e r the r apy , l a s e r s a f e t y 1 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #05 As s e s sment of Pr e - The r apeut i c Blood-Ba s ed Dos ime t r y in Radioiodine The r apy : Ev a lua t ing Diff e r ent Dos ime t r y Mode l s Us ing Iodine - 1 24 a t Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne g a r a M ohamad Aminudin Bin Sa id , Boo Shu T eng , M a r i ani M us a rudin 1 Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne gara ,Pr e s int , 7 ,Put rajaya, 62 2 5 0 , M alay s ia 2 U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, Kota Bharu, Ke lantan, 161 5 0 ,M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Sinc e 2 0 1 5 , the Nuc l e a r M edi c ine Depa r tment of Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne g a r a (IKN) s t a r t ed to pe r sona l i z e the Iodine - 1 3 1 ( 1 -I 3 1 ) the r apy for thos e diff e r ent i a t ed thy roid c anc e r (DT C ) pa t i ent s who a r e unfi t wi th the empi r i c a l dos a g e t r e a tment by pe r forming the pr e - the r apeut i c blood-ba s ed dos ime t r y a s s e s sment a s sug g e s t ed in the Europe an As soc i a t ion of Nuc l e a r M edi c ine (EANM ) guide l ine s but sur rog a t ed wi th Iodine - 1 24 (I- 1 24) di a gnos t i c r adiot r a c e r . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy e x amine s the adopt ion of a l t e rna t i v e r ed ma r row absorbed dos e (DRM) ba s ed dos ime t r y mode l s for pe r sona l i z ed r adioiodine the r apy a t IKN. De spi t e r e l y ing on the EANM blood-ba s ed dos ime t r y mode l s inc e 2 0 1 5 , IKN ha s not e xplor ed e s t abl i shed RM -ba s ed mode l s for mor e a c cur a t e r ed ma r row dos ime t r y e s t ima t ion. Me thods : The s tudy , conduc t ed be twe en 2 0 1 5 and 2 0 2 2 ( e x c luding 2 0 2 0 ), invol v ed e v a lua t ing diff e r ent dos ime t r y mode l s to e s t ima t e DRM in 65 adul t DT C pa t i ent s unde r going pr e - the r apeut i c blood-ba s ed dos ime t r y a s s e s sment s for I- 1 3 1 . Demog r aphi c and dos ime t r i c da t a , inc luding a g e , g ende r , he i ght , whol e -body ma s s , blood r e s idenc e t ime , whol e -body r e s idenc e t ime ( TWB), r e t ent ion of a c t i v i t y a t 48 hour s (R48), and admini s t e r ed t r a c e r a c t i v i t y (A 0 ), we r e col l e c t ed. The s e da t a we r e appl i ed to v a r ious dos ime t r y mode l s , such a s the EANM -modifi ed RM -ba s ed mode l , Sing l e M e a sur ement M ode l (S M M ), mode l s by AI F M and T r a ino, and OL INDA/EX M Sof twa r e (Ve r s ion 1 . 1 ) Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The T r a ino RM -ba s ed dos ime t r y mode l e xhibi t ed the s t rong e s t cor r e l a t ion ( r - v a lue of 0 .988) wi th the EANM blood-ba s ed dos ime t r y mode l . The DRM v a lue s c a l cul a t ed by e a ch RM -ba s ed mode l , e x c ept S M M ( r = 0 .64 0 ), demons t r a t ed a hi gh de g r e e of cor r e l a t ion wi th the DBL v a lue s ba s ed on the EANM mode l ( r ang ing f rom 0 .976 to 0 .988), a s de t e rmined us ing Spe a rman' s cor r e l a t ion t e s t . C onc lus ions : The r e sul t s hi ghl i ght ed the cor r e l a t ion and s i gnifi c ant diff e r enc e s be twe en the mode l s , prov iding ins i ght s for improv ing dos ime t r y a s s e s sment s in such pa t i ent s . Re commended the T r a ino RM -ba s ed dos ime t r y mode l when the DRM i s ≤ 1 5 mG y a f t e r cons ide r ing a l l f a c tor s . 1 2 2 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #06 Dos ime t r i c C ha r a c t e r i z a t ion of Opt i c a ll y St imul a t ed Lumine s c ent Dos ime t r y Sy s t em wi th El e c t ron Be ams for Us e in Na t iona l Radiothe r apy Dos ime t r y Audi t Se r v i c e s N Abdul l ah , N M ohd Noor , Z Kama rul Z aman 1M edi cal Phy s i c s Laborator y , Depar tment of Radiolog y , Facul t y of M edi c ine and H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia; 2 M edi cal Phy s i c s Laborator y , Radiat ion M e t rolog y G roup, M alay s ian Nuc l ear Ag enc y , 43 0 0 0 Kajang , Se langor , M alay s ia; 3M edi cal Phy s i c s U ni t , H ospi tal Sul tan Abdul Az i z Shah, U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia; 4Depar tment of M edi cal Phy s i c s , U ni v e r s i t y of M alaya M edi cal C ent r e , 591 0 0 Kuala Lumpur , M alay s ia; Int roduc t ion: The s e conda r y s t anda rd dos ime t r y l abor a tor y (SSDL ) of M a l a y s i an Nuc l e a r M a l a y s i a a ims to de v e lop a na t iona l r emot e dos ime t r y audi t s e r v i c e s for r adiothe r apy c ent r e s wi thin the count r y . The opt i c a l l y s t imul a t ed lumine s c ent dos ime t r y (OSLD) s y s t em i s ident ifi ed to be ut i l i z ed a s a t r ans f e r dos ime t e r in the dos ime t r y audi t . Purpos e : To e s t abl i sh the ba s i c dos ime t r i c cha r a c t e r i s t i c s of OSLD nanoDot r e l e v ant to the i r us e in r emot e dos ime t r y audi t s for the r apeut i c e l e c t ron be ams . Me thods : The dos ime t r i c cha r a c t e r i s t i c s of the OSLDs subj e c t ed to the r apeut i c e l e c t ron be ams we r e inv e s t i g a t ed, inc luding the s ens i t i v i t y cor r e c t ion f a c tor of the dos ime t e r s , dos e l ine a r i t y , s i gna l f ading , s i gna l depl e t ion pe r r e adout , fi e ld s i z e dependenc y , and be am ene r g y dependenc y . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The me an of s ens i t i v i t y cor r e c t ion f a c tor s for 91 OSLDs wa s 1 . 0 0 1 , wi th a s t anda rd de v i a t ion of 2 .4 % . The l ine a r dos e - r e spons e wi th R2 v a lue s r ang ing f rom 0 .996 to 0 .998 wa s obs e r v ed in the r ang e f rom 1 0 0 c G y to 3 0 0 c G y for 6 and 9 M eV e l e c t ron be am ene r g i e s . The OSLDs i r r adi a t ed wi th 9 M eV showed a hi ghe r f ading e ff e c t a f t e r 1 0 0 da y s wi th 3 .8 % compa r ed to 6 M eV wi th 2 .6 % . The s i gna l depl e t ion pe r r e ading wa s found to v a r y wi th the be am ene r g i e s , wi th 0 . 0 2 % and 0 . 0 3 % for 6 M eV and 9 M eV, r e spe c t i v e l y . The chang e of fi e ld s i z e f rom 6 cm × 6 cm to 1 5 cm × 1 5 cm cont r ibut ed to s l i ght diff e r enc e s in r e spons e of - 2 .4 % and - 2 . 2 % for 6 M eV and 9 M eV. When norma l i s ed to 6 M eV, the cor r e c t ion for the ene r g y r e spons e wa s 0 .958 a t 9 M eV, r equi r ing a s epa r a t e c a l ibr a t ion for diff e r ent be am ene r g i e s . C onc lus ions : The OSLD s y s t ems c an be e ff e c t i v e l y us ed in r emot e dos ime t r y audi t s for the r apeut i c e l e c t ron be ams , wi th the condi t ion tha t cor r e c t ions for the s ens i t i v i t y , dos e l ine a r i t y , s i gna l f ading , s i gna l depl e t ion pe r r e adout , fi e ld s i z e dependenc y , and be am ene r g y dependenc y should be appl i ed. Ac knowl edg ement : Thi s wor k wa s suppor t ed by Protot ype Re s e a r ch G r ant Scheme PR G S/ 1 / 2 0 2 1 /SKK 0 7 / U P M / 0 2 / 1 f rom the M ini s t r y of H i ghe r Educ a t ion M a l a y s i a wi th the J aba t an Pe r khidma t an Awam M a l a y s i a (H adi ah L a t ihan Pe r s e kutuan 2 0 2 1 ) pa r t i a l l y funding a tui t ion f e e . Ke ywords : dos ime t r i c cha r a c t e r i z a t ion, dos ime t r y audi t , opt i c a l l y s t imul a t ed lumine s c ent dos ime t r y , the r apeut i c e l e c t ron be am C or r e sponding Author : Norha y a t i Abdul l ah; g s6182 0@s tudent .upm. edu.my 1,2 1,3 4 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #07 De v e loping Pe r sona li s ed Protocol s for Pedi a t r i c He ad C T Sc anning : Towa rds Dos e Opt imi s a t ion and Pa t i ent Sa f e t y Noor Di y ana Osman , Ahmad Hadif Z a idin Samsudin , Suha imi Ar s ad , Nor f a t aha M ohd Daud , Ni k Kama rul l ah Ya Al i , T a snim M oc k t e r , M uhammad Kabi r Abdul k adi r , Nur Sy ahi r a Abu Ba k a r , Tuan Ha z i r ah Hanun Tuan Ha s s in , Yamunade v i Aruna s a l am 1Advanc ed M edi cal and Dental Ins t i tut e , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, Kepala Batas , Penang , 1 3 2 0 0 , M alay s ia; 2Depar tment of Radiolog y , School of M edi cal Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, H eal th C ampus , 1 18 0 0 , Kubang Ke r ian, Ke lantan, M alay s ia; 3Depar tment of Radiolog y , H ospi tal U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 1 18 0 0 , Kubang Ke r ian, Ke lantan, M alay s ia; 4Depar tment of M edi cal Radiog raphy , Facul t y of Bas i c M edi cal Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t y of I lor in, 24 0 2 1 3 , I lor in, Ni g e r ia; 5School of H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, H eal th C ampus , 1 18 0 0 , Kubang Ke r ian, Ke lantan, M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Pa edi a t r i c pa t i ent s a r e the c r i t i c a l popul a t ion tha t ne ed mor e ima g ing cons ide r a t ion and prot e c t ion be c aus e the y a r e mor e sus c ept ibl e to r adi a t ion- r e l a t ed he a l th e ff e c t s . The i r c e l l s a r e mor e r adios ens i t i v e , and the i r l if e span i s long e r than adul t and the r e for e pa edi a t r i c ima g ing ne ed to be opt imi s ed. Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a ims to de v e lop a pe r sona l i s ed s c anning protocol for pa edi a t r i c he ad C T s c anning . Thi s s tudy pr e s ent s the ini t i a l wor k s f rom Depa r tment of Radiolog y , Hospi t a l U ni v e r s i t i Sa ins M a l a y s i a (HU S M ) in s t r a t e g i s ing the opt imi s a t ion of C T dos e , pa t i ent s a f e t y and ima g ing c a r e among pa edi a t r i c s . Me thods : Ev a lua t ion on the cur r ent pr a c t i c e ( s c anning protocol s and dos e di s t r ibut ions ) in pedi a t r i c he ad C T ima g ing i s pe r formed a t HU S M . The loc a l di a gnos t i c r e f e r enc e l e v e l (DRL s ) wa s e s t abl i shed; r e g ion-ba s ed and c l ini c a l indi c a t ions -ba s ed DRL s for pa edi a t r i c he ad C T . New pe r sona l i s ed C T protocol wa s de v e loped and e v a lua t ed us ing phantom s tudy . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: F rom the e v a lua t ion, some of the pa edi a t r i c C T protocol s ut i l i s ed adul t protocol s tha t i s not sui t abl e and l e ad to unde r e s t ima t ion of pa edi a t r i c dos e ( 1 7 % diff e r enc e ). The propos ed C T protocol de l i v e r ed lowe r dos e ( 2 % - 1 5 % ) wi th be t t e r s i gna l- to-noi s e r a t io (SNR) a s compa r ed to the cur r ent C T protocol s us ed in pa edi a t r i c he ad C T s c an. C onc lus ions : A pe r sona l i s ed s c anning protocol s tha t spe c ifi c to a g e g roups a r e c ruc i a l and impor t ant for pa edi a t r i c C T he ad e x amina t ion. I t s e r v e s a s one of the be s t s t r a t e g i e s to improv e cur r ent pr a c t i c e and enhanc e the pa edi a t r i c ima g ing c a r e . 1 2 3 2 3 3 4 1 5 2 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #08 Ev a lua t ion of Oc cupa t iona l Radi a t ion Exposur e to Radiog r aphy Student s Dur ing C lini c a l At t a chment us ing Opt i c a ll y St imul a t ed Lumine s c enc e Dos ime t e r Muhammad Sa fwan Ahmad F adz i l , Nurul Elni Md Yusof , Si t i Ha j a r Zube r , Roz i l awa t i Ahmad , Abdul Kha l iq Mohd Sapa rudin , Norha fidz ah Mohamed Sha r if , Khadi j ah Mohamad Na s s i r , Ahmad Ba z l i e Abdul Kadi r 1Diagnos t i c Imag ing and Radiothe rapy Prog ram, C ent r e for Diagnos t i c , The rapeut i c and Inv e s t i gat i v e Studi e s , Facul t y of H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Kebang saan M alay s ia, 5 0 3 0 0 , Kuala Lumpur , M alay s ia; 2Se condar y Standard Dos ime t r y Laborator y , M alay s ian Nuc l ear Ag enc y , Bang i , 43 0 0 0 Kajang , Se langor , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: At t endant s t a ff in di a gnos t i c r adiolog y , pa r t i cul a r l y thos e pe r forming int e r v ent iona l proc edur e s , ma y be e xpos ed to hi gh l e v e l s of s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion f rom the pa t i ent . Howe v e r , the conc e rn of e xposur e among r adiog r aphy s tudent s ha s not r e c e i v ed the s ame a t t ent ion a s tha t of he a l thc a r e prof e s s iona l s . Purpos e : The s tudy a s s e s s e s the r adi a t ion e xposur e r e c e i v ed by Di a gnos t i c Ima g ing and Radiothe r apy , U ni v e r s i t i Kebang s a an Ma l a y s i a (PDR- U K M) unde r g r adua t e s dur ing the i r r adiog r aphy c l ini c a l a t t a chment s us ing Opt i c a l l y St imul a t ed Lumine s c enc e Dos ime t e r (OSLD). Me thods : De ep (H 1 0 ) and sha l low (H 0 . 0 7 ) dos e equi v a l ent of 143 s tudent s f rom 5 cohor t s , a l l wi th monthl y dos e r e cords f rom 2 0 1 7 unt i l 2 0 2 2 , we r e moni tor ed f rom the e -SSDL informa t ion s e cur i t y mana g ement s y s t em. The me an oc cupa t iona l e xposur e s of e a ch s tudent and cohor t we r e ana l y z ed to de t e rmine the dos e di s t r ibut ion. Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The me an H 1 0 and H 0 . 0 7 we r e found to be 0 . 5 0 ± 0 . 0 2 and 0 .49 ± 0 . 0 2 mSv , r e spe c t i v e l y , a v e r a g ed ov e r pe r iod 8 0 0 hour s of c l ini c a l a t t a chment . The ma x imum e xposur e wa s r e corded a t 1 . 3 0 mSv , indi c a t ing the r adi a t ion e xposur e r e c e i v ed by PDR- U K M s tudent s wa s f a r be low thr e shold de fined by the Int e rna t iona l C ommi s s ion on Radiolog i c a l Prot e c t ion (I C RP). Sma l l but s i gnifi c ant diff e r enc e (p < 0 . 0 0 1 ) in the r adi a t ion e xposur e be twe en fi v e cohor t s wa s obs e r v ed wi th inc r ement ov e r 5 y e a r s . C onc lus ions : No inc idenc e of an oc cupa t iona l r adi a t ion e xposur e e x c e eding the annua l r e gul a tor y l imi t s of 2 0 mSv . The impl ement a t ion of good r adi a t ion prot e c t ion me a sur e s , such a s ALARA ( a s low a s r e a sonabl y a chi e v abl e ) dur ing da i l y c l ini c a l a t t a chment in a c cordanc e wi th I C RP s t anda rds , a ids in the pr e v ent ion of unne c e s s a r y e xposur e . Ke ywords : r adiog r aphy s tudent s , r adi a t ion prot e c t ion, oc cupa t iona l e xposur e C or r e sponding Author : Abdul Kha l iq Mohd Sapa rudin; kha l iq. s apa rudin@ukm. edu.my 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 p p p p 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #09 Phantom Ev a lua t ion of SPE C T Quant ifi c a t ion in Mul t i-Vendor SPE C T / C T s y s t ems . ND M ansor , F Ha l im , PD C he l l a y ah , H Sa ad , and H Yahy a 1Depar tment of Nuc l ear M edi c ine , Penang H ospi tal , Penang , M alay s ia Int roduc t ion: The ut i l i s a t ion of quant i t a t i v e s ing l e -photon emi s s ion comput ed tomog r aphy (SPE C T ) ima g ing in t a r g e t ed r adionuc l ide the r apy ut i l i s ing Iodine - 1 3 1 ( I) e xhibi t s s i gnifi c ant promi s e for pe r sona l i z ed t r e a tment . Purpos e : The obj e c t i v e of thi s inv e s t i g a t ion wa s to a s s e s s the quant i t a t i v e a c cur a c y and v a r i abi l i t y among v a r ious SPE C T / C T s y s t ems in the depa r tment . Me thods : The s tudy incorpor a t ed two mode rn SPE C T / C T s y s t ems , name l y the Di s cov e r y ™ NM / C T 87 0 DR by G E He a l thc a r e and the Symbi a Int e vo ™ Bold by Si emens He a l thine e r s . In orde r to e v a lua t e the a c cur a c y of the s e SPE C T / C T s , a c y l indr i c a l phantom wi th s i x sphe r i c a l ins e r t s r ang ing in volume f rom 0 . 58 ml to 26.8 ml wa s s c anned in both moda l i t i e s . The r a t io of sphe r e - to-ba c k g round a c t i v i t y conc ent r a t ion wa s 9: 1 . Volume s of int e r e s t (VOI) for the sphe r e s we r e obt a ined by manua l l y s e gment ed the sphe r e a c cording to the known sphe r e volume us ing M IM sof twa r e . The r a t io of me a sur ed a c t i v i t y conc ent r a t ion wi th the a c tua l a c t i v i t y wa s comput ed to obt a in the r e cov e r y coe ffi c i ent (R Cme an and R Cma x ) in e a ch sphe r e . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The obs e r v ed t r end indi c a t e s tha t the r e i s a ne g a t i v e cor r e l a t ion be twe en the sphe r e volume and R C . The obt a ined r ang e of v a r i a t ion be twe en the s e two s y s t ems we r e 7 . 5 % ( 0 . 58 ml) and 42 .6 % ( 2 . 56 ml) for R Cme an whi l e 3 7 .9 % ( 0 . 58 ml) and 86. 5 % ( 5 . 5 1 ml) for R Cma x . C onc lus ions : I t i s f e a s ibl e to a chi e v e pr e c i s e SPE C T quant ifi c a t ion for 1 3 1 I in a s e t t ing invol v ing mul t ipl e v endor s . Ne v e r the l e s s , i t i s c ruc i a l to ensur e a hi gh l e v e l of concordanc e among v endor s in orde r to conduc t dos ime t r y s tudi e s invol v ing mul t ipl e v endor s . Ke ywords : R Cme an, R Cma x , SPE C T , quant ifi c a t ion, Volume of int e r e s t C or r e sponding Author : Nur Da l i l a M ansor ; de l lo3 74@gma i l . com 1 1 1 1 1 131 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #10 Quant if y ing C umul a t i v e Equi v a l ent Dos e in Radiothe r apy T r a ine e s dur ing C lini c a l Pr a c t i c e s : Towa rds Es t abli shing Radi a t ion Exposur e Ba s e line M uhammad Sa fwan Ahmad F adz i l , Wan Anwah F i l z ah Wan Anua r , Si t i Ha j a r Zube r , Roz i l awa t i Ahmad , Abdul Kha l iq M ohd Sapa rudin , Nor a ini Ahmad Wahid , Nur Kha l i s Suk iman , Ahmad Ba z l i e Abdul Kadi r 1Diagnos t i c Imag ing and Radiothe rapy Prog ram, C ent r e for Diagnos t i c , The rapeut i c and Inv e s t i gat i v e Studi e s , Facul t y of H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Kebang saan M alay s ia, 5 0 3 0 0 , Kuala Lumpur , M alay s ia; 2Se condar y Standard Dos ime t r y Laborator y , M alay s ian Nuc l ear Ag enc y , Bang i , 43 0 0 0 Kajang , Se langor , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Dur ing c l ini c a l pr a c t i c e s , r adiothe r apy t r a ine e s ma y be e xpos ed to ioni z ing r adi a t ion, r a i s ing conc e rns ov e r pos s ibl e adv e r s e he a l th e ff e c t s . Es t abl i shing the r adi a t ion e xposur e ba s e l ine for the s e t r a ine e s i s c r i t i c a l to a s s e s s compl i anc e wi th s t anda rd r adi a t ion s a f e t y me a sur e s . Purpos e : Thi s r e s e a r ch a ims to e v a lua t e the cumul a t i v e equi v a l ent dos e r e c e i v ed by r adiothe r apy t r a ine e s dur ing the i r c l ini c a l pr a c t i c e s . Me thods : 143 unde r g r adua t e r adiothe r apy t r a ine e s f rom fi v e cohor t s who pe r formed s i x c y c l e s of r adiothe r apy c l ini c a l pr a c t i c e s (AKRT I-VI) we r e moni tor ed in t e rms of pe r sona l dos e equi v a l ent (H 1 0 ) us ing an Opt i c a l l y St imul a t ed Lumine s c enc e Dos ime t e r (OSLD). M onthl y dos e r epor t s f rom the e l e c t roni c Se conda r y St anda rd Dos ime t r y L abor a tor y ( e -SSDL ) da t aba s e , l i s t ing e a ch indi v idua l and the e xposur e r e cord, we r e r e t r i e v ed and ana l y z ed be twe en 2 0 1 7 and 2 0 2 2 . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The me an cumul a t i v e H 1 0 for a l l cohor t s a v e r a g ed ov e r the s tudy pe r iod wa s de t e rmined a t 0 . 5 5 ± 0 . 0 3 mSv . One dos e me a sur ement wa s found to be s i x t ime s g r e a t e r than the me an v a lue , a t t r ibut abl e to the t r a ine e a c c ident a l l y l e a v ing the OSLD in the proc edur e room. The r e i s a s i gnifi c ant diff e r enc e (p < 0 . 0 0 1 ) in the r adi a t ion e xposur e be twe en the cohor t s , s l i ght l y inc r e a s ing in the l a s t two y e a r s . 91 .6 % of the t r a ine e s r e c e i v ed a cumul a t i v e equi v a l ent dos e of < 1 mSv . C onc lus ions : No annua l dos e r e cord e x c e eded the l imi t s r e commended by the author i t i e s ( 2 0 mSv / y e a r ). The cumul a t i v e H 1 0 ba s e l ine dur ing c l ini c a l pr a c t i c e s ha s be en e s t abl i shed. The na tur e and e x t ent of the r equi r ed prot e c t ion and s a f e t y proc edur e for pe r sonne l moni tor ing ba s ed on the s t anda rd r e gul a t ions sha l l be e ff e c t i v e l y impl ement ed. Ke ywords : r adiothe r apy t r a ine e s , r adi a t ion e xposur e , equi v a l ent dos e C or r e sponding Author : M uhammad Sa fwan Ahmad F adz i l ; s a fwanf adz i l@ukm. edu.my 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 p p p 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #11 Awa r ene s s , Knowl edg e , and C ur r ent Pr a c t i c e in Ey e L ens Radi a t ion Prot e c t ion Among Int e r v ent iona l Radiolog y and C a rdiolog y Medi c a l Pe r sonne l in Ma l a y s i a Kama rul z aman Shahnul a t iqa ¹, M ohamad Noor Sha fini¹, Abdul Ka r im M ohammad Azwin², Shamsuddin Nurul Sa adi ah¹, Ol y v e a De lour a ⁵, Emi ldah Paul i¹ ¹ Facul t y of H eal th Sc i enc e , U ni v e r s i t i T e knolog i M ARA, Puncak Alam, Se langor , M alay s ia ²Subj e c t M e t t e r Expe r t (Radiolog y Phy s i c ), Publ i c Se r v i c e Depar tment of M alay s ia, M alay s ia Int roduc t ion: Dur ing Int e r v ent iona l Radiolog y and C a rdiolog y proc edur e s , ope r a tor s who a r e e xpos ed to ioni s ing r adi a t ion ma y induc e r adi a t ion e ff e c t s , such a s c a t a r a c t s . To r educ e thi s e ff e c t , the Int e rna t iona l C ommi s s ion on Radiolog i c a l Prot e c t ion ha s s e t s t r i c t guide l ine s for e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion, inc luding l imi t ing the annua l dos e to 2 0 mSv ov e r fi v e y e a r s wi th a s ing l e - y e a r l imi t of 5 0 mSv . Howe v e r , v a r ious f a c tor s ma y a ff e c t thi s compl i anc e in M a l a y s i a . Purpos e : To de t e rmine the l e v e l of awa r ene s s , knowl edg e , and cur r ent pr a c t i c e of e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion among medi c a l pe r sonne l invol v ed in the s e proc edur e s in M a l a y s i a . Me thods : A pa r a l l e l mi x ed me thod wa s conduc t ed concur r ent l y . A quant i t a t i v e s tudy v i a que s t ionna i r e wa s conduc t ed to de t e rmine the l e v e l of awa r ene s s , knowl edg e , and cur r ent pr a c t i c e on e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion f rom the pe r spe c t i v e s of 1 2 2 pa r t i c ipant s f rom 96 publ i c , s emipubl i c and pr i v a t e hospi t a l s in M a l a y s i a . A qua l i t a t i v e s tudy v i a f a c e - to-f a c e int e r v i ew wa s conduc t ed wi th 5 pa r t i c ipant s to e xplor e e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion e xpe r i enc e and cur r ent pr a c t i c e . Re sul t s and Di s cus s ions : Onl y 68.9 % of the pa r t i c ipant s had good l e v e l s of awa r ene s s and onl y 28. 7 % had good l e v e l s of knowl edg e in e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion. In addi t ion, 42 .6 % had good pr a c t i c e in e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion. C onc lus ion: The finding s unde r l ine the profound l imi t a t ion of the IR and I C medi c a l pe r sonne l in the l e v e l of knowl edg e and awa r ene s s of e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion. I t prov ide s pr a c t i c a l r e commenda t ions to guide futur e pol i c yma k e r s , prog r amme de l i v e r y t e ams and r e s e a r che r s , in pa r t i cul a r when de v e loping s t r a t e g i e s to improv e the pr a c t i c e of us ing e y e l ens r adi a t ion prot e c t ion. Ke ywords : C a t a r a c t s , int e r v ent iona l r adiolog y , int e r v ent iona l c a rdiolog y , e y e l ens , r adi a t ion prot e c t ion C or r e sponding Author : Shahnul a t iqa Kama rul z aman; shahnul a t iqa85@gma i l . com 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #12 Es t ima t ion of Loc a l Di a gnos t i c Re f e r enc e L e v e l (DRL ) Va lue s for C ommon Di a gnos t i c Proc edur e s of G ene r a l X-Ra y Equipment In Me l a k a Nur Ammi bint i H amz ah , M ohd F a i roz bin M ohd Yusoff , Ani s ah bint i M d Al i , and Si t i Radz i ah M aul ad H a s s an ¹ U ni t Kawal s e l ia Radias i Pe rubatan, Bahag ian Ke s ihatan Awam, Jabatan Ke s ihatan Ne g e r i M e laka, Bandar M I T C , M e laka, 7 545 0 , M alay s ia; Int roduc t ion: Dos e Re f e r enc e L e v e l (DRL ) i s a tool to opt imi z ed dos e de l i v e r y towa rds pa t i ent s and the s e a r e not s t a t i c v a lue s . I t had be en 1 0 y e a r s s inc e M a l a y s i a fi r s t publ i shed i t s na t iona l DRL v a lue s . Wi th the r apid g rowth of di g i t a l ima g ing in di a gnos t i c x - r a y , the s e v a lue s a r e due to be r e v i s ed. DRL i s not a thr e shold l imi t , but i t i s e xpe c t ed not to be e x c e eded. If DRL v a lue of any proc edur e i s e x c e eded, an inv e s t i g a t ion should t a k e pl a c e immedi a t e l y to jus t if y and/or cor r e c t the e x c e s s i v e dos e de l i v e r ed to the pa t i ent . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a imed to e s t abl i sh the loc a l DRL v a lue s for mos t common x - r a y proc edur e s conduc t ed in M e l a k a Me thods : 14 he a l th c l ini c s loc a t ed a t 3 diff e r ent di s t r i c t s throughout M e l a k a invol v ed in thi s s tudy . G ene r i c informa t ion and spe c ifi c e xposur e pa r ame t e r s for mos t commonl y pe r form r adiog r aphy proc edur e s we r e r e corded. Then, we me a sur e x - r a y tube output for e a ch x - r a y equipment invol v ed in thi s s tudy us ing a c a l ibr a t ed Ra ySa f e Xi R/ F de t e c tor and the Ra ySa f e Xi Ba s e U ni t ( U nfor s Ra ySa f e AB, Bi l lda l , Sweden). Sinc e I C RP sug g e s t tha t DRL quant i t y should be a common and e a s i l y me a sur ed or de t e rmined r adi a t ion me t r i c tha t a s s e s s e s the amount of ioni s ing r adi a t ion us ed to pe r form a medi c a l ima g ing t a s k , in our r e s e a r ch, we opt for c a l cul a t ion approa ch to e s t ima t e the Ent r anc e Sur f a c e Ai r Ke rma , Ka , e . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Ac cording to I C RP sug g e s t ion, the 3 rd qua r t i l e v a lue s of Ka , e di s t r ibut ion wa s propos ed to be the loc a l DRL v a lue s for Ne g e r i M e l a k a . H i ghe s t unc e r t a int i e s c an be s e en a t Lumbo- s a c r a l AP proc edur e wi th ±8 mG y and the lowe s t i s a t e x t r emi t i e s lowe r proc edur e s wi th ± 0 . 3 1 mG y . The v a lue s obt a ined i s s l i ght l y lowe r than the 2 0 1 3 M a l a y s i an na t iona l DRL . Thi s i s probabl y be c aus e in the pr e v ious s tudy fi lm- s c r e en x - r a y equipment we r e invol v ed whe r e a s our s tudy cons i s t s of C R x - r a y equipment . C onc lus ions : Our r e sul t shows good confi rma t ion wi th pe r v ious e s t abl i shed loc a l , na t iona l , and int e rna t iona l DRL v a lue s . The loc a l DRL v a lue s for M e l a k a we r e e xpe c t ed to cont r ibut e towa rds the e s t abl i shment of the new M a l a y s i an Na t iona l DRL v a lue s . Ac knowl edg ement : The author s would l i k e to t a k e thi s oppor tuni t y to thank a l l r adiog r aphe r s of H e a l th C l ini c s in M e l a k a for the i r invol v ement in da t a col l e c t ion. Thank s a r e a l so due to J aba t an Ke s iha t an Ne g e r i M e l a k a for the cont inuous suppor t in ma k ing sur e tha t thi s s tudy i s a suc c e s s . Ke ywords : Dos e Re f e r enc e L e v e l (DRL ), inc ident a i r k e rma (Ka , i), ent r anc e a i r k e rma (Ka , e ) C or r e sponding Author : M ohd F a i roz bin M ohd Yusoff, mohdf a i roz@moh. gov .my 1 1 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #13 Radiomi c s Ana l y s i s of DWI MRI for Pr edi c t ing C e r v i c a l C anc e r St a g ing Z a r ina Raml i , M uhammad Kha l i s bin Abdul Ka r im , M ohd Ami ruddin Abdul Rahman 1 Facul t y of Sc i enc e , U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia Int roduc t ion: C ont empor a r y t e chnolog y ha s enabl ed a mor e me t i culous and r e fined di a gnos i s tha t c an c l a s s if y tumour s t a g ing through quant if y ing the e x t r a c t ion of f e a tur e s and the ana l y s i s of medi c a l ima g e s . Purpos e : Thi s inv e s t i g a t ion ende a vour s to a s s e s s r adiomi c f e a tur e s of C e r v i c a l C anc e r through DWI M RI moda l i t y and to c a t e gor i z e the tumour ba s ed on i t s s t a g ing . Me thods : A tot a l of 3 0 pa t i ent s ' da t a we r e obt a ined f rom Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne g a r a (IKN) Put r a j a y a , and 85 5 r adiomi c f e a tur e s we r e e x t r a c t ed f rom e a ch pa t i ent . Subj e c t s we r e c a t e gor i z ed into two g roup of C e r v i c a l c anc e r : g roup one ( s t a g e I and I I) and g roup two ( s t a g e I I I and IV). Semi- automa t i c s e gment a t ion of the ima g e da t a wa s unde r t a k en to e x t r a c t shape f e a tur e s , wa v e l eng th, fi r s t -orde r , and s e cond-orde r s t a t i s t i c s ( G LSZ M ) f rom the s e gment ed ima g e s . Thr e e diff e r ent mode l a l gor i thms we r e ut i l i z ed in our s tudy , spe c ifi c a l l y De c i s ion t r e e (DT ), r andom for e s t (RF ), and Suppor t v e c tor ma chine (SV M ). In orde r to compa r e the i r pe r formanc e , we conduc t ed a thorough ana l y s i s of the s e mode l s . DT a l gor i thm s e l e c t ed the be s t a l gor i thm wi th the hi ghe s t a c cur a c y and i t s pe r formanc e wa s a s s e s s ed us ing s e v e r a l pe r formanc e me t r i c s . DT c l a s s ifi e r i s chos en a s the be s t a l gor i thm for the f e a tur e s e x t r a c t ed f rom enhanc ed ima g e s . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The de c i s ion t r e e e xhibi t s a hi gh l e v e l of a c cur a c y , pr e c i s ion, and r e c a l l , wi th r e spe c t i v e v a lue s of 0 .997 , 0 .969, and 0 .967 . The DT c l a s s ifi e r e xhibi t s a robus t a r e a unde r the ROC cur v e of 0 .91 7 , s i gnif y ing i t s e ffi c a c y in c l a s s ifi c a t ion t a s k s . C onc lus ions : Fur the rmor e , thi s r e s e a r ch unde r s cor e s the c r i t i c a l rol e of ima g e enhanc ement a s a fundament a l pr e -proc e s s ing s t ep tha t s i gnifi c ant l y impa c t s the a c cur a c y of the c l a s s ifi e r . Ac knowl edg ement : Ke ywords : Radiomi c s , s emi auto s e gment a t ion, ima g e enhanc ement , De c i s ion t r e e C or r e sponding Author : Z a r ina Raml i , z a r ina8386@gma i l . com 1 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #14 The Eff e c t of Diff e r ent C ompr e s s ion on Br e a s t Phantom to The Av e r a g e G l andul a r Dos e (A GD) and Ima g e Qua li t y Us ing F FDM and DBT . Nurna z i r a Z a k a r i a , Na j ihah Hani s Z a inuddin , Ya smin M d Radz i 1School of Phy s i c s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 1 18 0 0 , M inden, Penang . Int roduc t ion: The e a r l y de t e c t ion and di a gnos i s of br e a s t probl ems a r e g r e a t l y a ided by br e a s t ima g ing t e chnique s such a s Ful l- F i e ld Di g i t a l M ammog r aphy ( F FD M ) and Di g i t a l Br e a s t Tomos ynthe s i s (DBT ). For hi ghqua l i t y ima g e s and the comfor t of the pa t i ent dur ing mammog r aphy , prope r compr e s s ion i s e s s ent i a l . The r e for e , compr e s s ion of the br e a s t dur ing mammog r aphy i s c ruc i a l for compromi s ing ima g e qua l i t y and the Av e r a g e G l andul a r Dos e (A GD) for an a c cur a t e di a gnos i s . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy focus ed on the e ff e c t s of diff e r ent compr e s s ions on the br e a s t phantom on the A GD and ima g e qua l i t y us ing F FD M and DBT . A g e l a t ine -ba s ed, man- made br e a s t phantom wa s c r e a t ed to mimi c the prope r t i e s of human br e a s t t i s sue and wa s us ed to di r e c t l y me a sur e the opt i c a l dens i t y (OD), s i gna l- to-noi s e r a t io (SNR), and absorbed dos e s by the s y s t em. Me thods : The phantom wa s subj e c t ed to v a r ious compr e s s ion thi c kne s s e s r ang ing f rom 3 1 to 4 0 mm. Ima g e J and RadiAnt DI COM Vi ewe r sof twa r e we r e us ed to quant if y OD and SNR and pe r form compa r i sons on unproc e s s ed di g i t a l pi c tur e s obt a ined f rom F FD M and DBT . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Re sul t s found tha t the opt imum v a lue of compr e s s ion thi c kne s s for the t a r g e t dos e i s 3 5 mm for F FD M and 3 5 .8 mm for DBT . Whi l e the opt imum v a lue of compr e s s ion thi c kne s s to g e t good ima g e qua l i t y for F FD M and DBT i s 34.8 and 3 5 .6 mm, r e spe c t i v e l y . C onc lus ions : Wi th the ins i ght of the s e r e sul t s , a compromi s e be twe en A GD and ima g e qua l i t y dur ing a br e a s t s c an c an be a chi e v ed to bene fi t the pa t i ent wi th mor e comfor t abl e ima g ing whi l e ma x imi s ing the output of the s c an. Ke ywords : br e a s t phantom, Av e r a g e G r andul a r Dos e (A GD), ima g e qua l i t y , opt i c a l dens i t y (OD), s i gna l- to-noi s e r a t io (SNR) C or r e sponding Author : Nurna z i r a Z a k a r i a ; nurna z i r a 197693@s tudent .usm.my 1 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #15 Ut ili s a t ion of IndoQC T Sof twa r e for Ima g e Qua li t y Ana l y s i s in Rout ine QA C T : Ini t i a l Expe r i enc e f rom PPUSMB Noor Di y ana Osman , C hoi rul Anam , M us t apha Alha j i Ba rde , M uhammad Kabi r Abdul k adi r , Ha fi z ah Naha ruddin 1Advanc ed M edi cal and Dental Ins t i tut e , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, Kepala Batas , Penang , 1 3 2 0 0 , M alay s ia; 2Depar tment of Phy s i c s , Facul t y of Sc i enc e s and M athemat i c s , Dipone goro U ni v e r s i t y , J l . Prof. Soedar to S H , T embalang , Semarang 5 0 2 7 5 , C ent ral Java, Indone s ia; 3Depar tment of M edi cal Radiog raphy , Facul t y of Al l i ed H eal th Sc i enc e s , Bay e ro U ni v e r s i t y Kano, 7 0 0 0 0 6, Ni g e r ia; 4 Depar tment of M edi cal Radiog raphy , Facul t y of Bas i c M edi cal Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t y of I lor in, 24 0 2 1 3 , I lor in, Ni g e r ia. Int roduc t ion: Rout ine QC t e s t s for C T a r e conduc t ed to ensur e the s a f e t y and prope r pe r formanc e of C T s c anne r . In mos t of the c ent e r s , the ana l y s i s of the QC finding s wa s pe r formed by manua l me thod whi ch i s mor e t ime consuming and ma y v a r y depending on the obs e r v e r s who conduc t ed the QC t e s t s . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy pr e s ent s our ini t i a l e xpe r i enc e a t Pus a t Pe ruba t an U S M Be r t am (PP U S M B) in ut i l i s ing the IndoQC T sof twa r e for ima g e qua l i t y ana l y s i s in rout ine QC t e s t s for C T s c anne r . Me thods : In monthl y ba s i s , two phantoms (manuf a c tur e r wa t e r phantom and C ATPHAN phantom) we r e s c anned us ing s t anda rd a cqui s i t ion protocol s a s r e commended by M ini s t r y of He a l th (M OH) M a l a y s i a . F ew pa r ame t e r s such a s C T numbe r a c cur a c y , cons t anc y , and uniformi t y , low and hi gh cont r a s t r e solut ion, and C T numbe r l ine a r i t y . A compa r a t i v e s tudy wa s pe r formed to compa r e the r e sul t s obt a ined f rom manua l ana l y s i s and automa t ed ana l y s i s us ing IndoQC T sof twa r e . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: F rom the finding s , the IndoQC T off e r s mor e a c cur a t e r e sul t s on C T a c cur a c y and C T numbe r l ine a r i t y . Be s ide s , shor t e r t ime i s r equi r ed us ing automa t ed ana l y s i s by IndoQC T a s compa r ed to manua l a s s e s sment . M os t of the finding s we r e wi thin the r e commended a c c ept abl e l e v e l and the pe r formanc e of the C T s c anne r i s pa s s ed. C onc lus ions : The ui t i l i s a t ion of automa t ed ana l y s i s in rout ine QC for C T s c anne r ha s off e r ed shor t e r ana l y s i s t ime , mor e a c cur a t e r e sul t s , and wide r r ang e of ima g e qua l i t y pa r ame t e r s to be ana l y s ed. Ac knowl edg ement : The author s would l i k e to thank a l l s t a ff a t Ima g ing U ni t of A M DI , U S M , Penang , M a l a y s i a for the i r he lp and suppor t throughout thi s wor k . 1 2 1,3 4 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #16 The Eff e c t i v ene s s of the DIBH T e chnique Pr a c t i s ed in Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne g a r a for L e f t Br e a s t C anc e r Nurul Sy a k i r e en Z a ina l , Ng We i L ing , Yusni r a Yusoff 1 Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne gara, Put rajaya, 62 2 5 0 , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne g a r a (IKN), s t a r t ed de ep inspi r a t ion br e a thhold (DIBH) t e chnique in 2 0 2 0 to t r e a t l e f t br e a s t c anc e r pa t i ent s . DIBH t e chnique i s found to r educ e the me an dos e to he a r t by 26. 2 % to 7 5 % and ips i l a t e r a l lung volume r e c e i v ed 1 7 G y (V1 7 ) by 1 7 .4 % to 24 % . Purpos e : To ana l y s e the diff e r enc e s in dos ime t r i c pa r ame t e r s of the he a r t and ips i l a t e r a l lung in DIBH compa r ed to f r e e br e a thing ( FB) pl anning . Me thods : 1 59 of l e f t br e a s t c anc e r pa t i ent s who had a 3D t r e a tment pl an 4 0 . 0 5 G y in 1 5 f r a c t ions wi thin 2 0 2 0 to 2 0 2 2 we r e s e l e c t ed. The s e l e c t ed t r e a tment pl ans wa s a s s e s s ed r e t rospe c t i v e l y for the he a r t and ips i l a t e r a l lung r adi a t ion dos e . Both g roups we r e t e s t ed us ing de s c r ipt i v e s t a t i s t i c s for t - t e s t us ing IBM ® SPSS® St a t i s t i c s . C or r e l a t ion ana l y s i s wa s us ed in orde r to s tudy the cor r e l a t ion be twe en a s s e s s ed dos ime t r i c pa r ame t e r s and ampl i tude of the pa t i ent ’ s br e a thing . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Dos ime t r i c pa r ame t e r s for the he a r t wi th DIBH t e chnique had shown lowe r dos e in V1 7 , V3 5 and me an dos e by 5 3 . 7 % (p= 0 . 0 0 0 ), 2 5 .8 % (p= 0 . 0 66) and 4 0 .8 % (p= 0 . 0 0 0 ) r e spe c t i v e l y compa r ed to FB t e chnique . Ips i l a t e r a l lung a l so showed r educ t ion of V1 7 by 16.8 % (p= 0 . 0 0 1 ). The he a r t and ips i l a t e r a l lung dos e ha v e we a k cor r e l a t ion wi th br e a thing ampl i tude . Al l of them a r e not s i gnifi c ant (p> 0 . 0 5 ) e x c ept for lung V1 7 wi th p= 0 . 0 24. Thi s shows tha t hi ghe r ampl i tude mor e l i k e l y to r educ e the ips i l a t e r a l lung and he a r t . C onc lus ions : DIBH t e chnique i s e ff e c t i v e t e chnique to r educ e dos e to he a r t and ips i l a t e r a l lung . Ac knowl edg ement : - Ke ywords : DIBH, L e f t br e a s t , Dos ime t r y , C a rdi a c dos e , Lung Dos e . C or r e sponding Author : Nurul Sy a k i r e en bint i Z a ina l , f z s y a k i r e en@nc i . gov .my 1 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #17 C ompa r a t i v e Ana l y s i s of Quant i t a t i v e Ima g e Qua li t y Me t r i c s Be twe en Diff e r ent T ype s of Hybr id I t e r a t i v e Re cons t ruc t ion in C TPA protocol s . H H Ha run , M A A Ka r im , F Ha run , N L Rus l i and N S M ohd 1 Depar tment of Radiolog y , H ospi tal Pulau Pinang , Jalan Re s idens i , 1 0 45 0 G eor g e town, Pulau Pinang , M alay s ia; 2 Depar tment of Radiolog y , H ospi tal Kuala Lumpur , Jalan Pahang , 5 0 586 Kuala Lumpur , M alay s ia; Int roduc t ion: C omput ed Tomog r aphy Pulmona r y Ang iog r aphy ( C TPA) i s a we l l- known t e chnique for the de t e c t ion of pulmona r y embol i sm (PE). De spi t e r adi a t ion e xposur e conc e rns , di a gnos t i c pe r formanc e be c ame e s s ent i a l for enhanc ing the s ens i t i v i t y and spe c ifi c i t y of e x amina t ion out come s . Purpos e : The prospe c t i v e s tudy wa s de s i gned to me a sur e s e l e c t ed quant i t a t i v e ima g e qua l i t y me t r i c s wi th the chang e s of Hybr id I t e r a t i v e Re cons t ruc t ion (HIR) for C TPA protocol s . Me thods : An ima g e qua l i t y phantom ( C ATPHAN 6 0 0 ) wa s s c anned wi th a Phi l ips Br i l l i anc e 1 28 s l i c e s , U SA C T and G E Re volut ion F ront i e r 2 56 s l i c e s , U SA C T us ing loc a l C omput ed Tomog r aphy Pulmona r y Ang iog r aphy ( C TPA) protocol wi th a l t e r a t ion of HIR. Ima g e s we r e r e cons t ruc t ed wi th a l t e r a t ion of iDos e4 and ASIR for Phi l ips and G E s c anne r s r e spe c t i v e l y . Se v e r a l quant i t a t i v e ima g e qua l i t y me t r i c s such a s cont r a s t to noi s e r a t io ( CNR), t a r g e t t r ans f e r func t ion ( T T F ), noi s e powe r spe c t rum (NPS) and de t e c t abi l i t y inde x (d’) we r e then me a sur ed a c cording l y . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: CNR and T T F pe r formanc e wa s r e l a t i v e l y hi ghe r for ASIR r a the r than iDos e4 for a l l r e cons t ruc t ed ima g e s . Howe v e r , the r e i s no s i gnifi c ant diff e r enc e in the pe r formanc e of NPS a s compa r ed wi th both HIR. As for inc r e a s ing the l e v e l of HIR, a diff e r ent t r end of the ima g e qua l i t y indi c a tor pe r formanc e wa s found by diff e r ent HIR t ype s . C onc lus ions : Thi s s tudy r e v e a l ed an int e r e s t ing finding of s e l e c t ed quant i t a t i v e ima g e qua l i t y me t r i c s me a sur ement for loc a l C TPA protocol in a wa y for fur the r opt imi z a t ion pos s ibl e . Ac knowl edg ement : Radiolog y Depa r tment , Hospi t a l Kua l a Lumpur Ke ywords : C TPA, HIR, iDos e4, ASIR C or r e sponding Author : Hanif bin Ha spi Ha run; hanifha spi@gma i l . com 1 2 2 2 2 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #19 Di spos a l of C oba l t -60 ( C o-60) T e l e the r apy Sy s t em in Medi c a l Ins t i tut ion: Invol v ement of St a k eholde r s in Ensur ing the Sa f e t y and Se cur i t y of Radioa c t i v e Sour c e s M ohd Na thi r M ohd Kama r i , Zuna ide Ka yun @ F a rni , Yus r i Yusuf 1 M edi cal Radiat ion Sur v e i l lanc e Di v i s ion, M ini s t r y of H eal th (M OH ), Put rajaya, 62 1 5 0 , M alay s ia Int roduc t ion: The C oba l t ‑6 0 ( C o-6 0 ) t e l e the r apy ma chine wa s inv ent ed by U ni v e r s i t y of Sa s k a t chewan medi c a l phy s i c i s t ; Ha r a ld E. Johns in 195 1 in Sa s k a toon, C anada and ha s be en us ed wide l y for c anc e r t r e a tment . C ommonl y appl i ed for e x t e rna l be am r adiothe r apy proc edur e , thi s ma chine us e s C o-6 0 wi th hi gh spe c ifi c a c t i v i t y tha t emi t s hi gh- ene r g y g amma r a y s to k i l l c anc e r c e l l s . Ba s ed on the IAEA C ode of C onduc t on the Sa f e t y and Se cur i t y of Radioa c t i v e Sour c e , C o-6 0 a s s i gned to C a t e gor y 1 , cor r e sponding to s e cur i t y L e v e l A and IAEA Nuc l e a r Se cur i t y Se r i e s . Onc e C oba l t ‑6 0 de c a y s and the t e l e the r apy a r e no long e r func t iona l , the unwant ed t e l e the r apy uni t s and sour c e s ne ed to be prope r l y di spos ed to pr e v ent any r adiolog i c a l the f t or a c c ident s . In M a l a y s i a , Que en El i z abe th Hospi t a l I I a r e the fi r s t medi c a l ins t i tut ion tha t impl ement ing the di spos a l proc e s s of C o-6 0 t e l e the r apy s y s t em wi th ful l col l abor a t ion wi th a l l na t iona l s t a k eholde r s . Obj e c t i v e s : The r e a r e two ma in obj e c t i v e s . F i r s t i s to s t r eng then col l abor a t ion among na t iona l s t a k eholde r s by l e v e r a g ing e x i s t ing c apabi l i t i e s to f a c i l i t a t e di spos a l proc e s s . Se cond i s to enhanc e s a f e t y and s e cur i t y of r adioa c t i v e sour c e s throughout the di spos a l proc e s s . Me thods : The r e a r e thr e e ma in proc e s s ing c a t e gor i e s whi ch i s be for e , dur ing and a f t e r di spos a l . A dedi c a t ed commi t t e e a r e e s t abl i shed to coordina t e and ident if y the rol e of e a ch gov e rnment depa r tment or a g enc y invol v ed dur ing thi s di spos a l a c t i v i t i e s to ensur e the proc e s s a r e e x e cut ed mor e e ffi c i ent l y , cos t e ff e c t i v e l y , and a l i gn wi th cur r ent gov e rnment pol i c i e s a s we l l a s int e rna t iona l pr a c t i c e s . To di spos e C o-6 0 t e l e the r apy ma chine , adv anc e approv a l a r e r equi r ed to ensur e the di spos a l proc e s s a r e compl i ed wi th a l l r equi r ement s unde r Se c t ion 26 C ont rol of Di spos a l of Radioa c t i v e Wa s t e , Atomi c Ene r g y L i c ens ing Ac t 1984 (Ac t 3 0 4) and othe r s l e g i s l a t ion in for c e . Al l the proc e s s invol v ed dur ing the di spos a l a l so mus t adhe r e wi th e s t abl i shed St anda rd Ope r a t ing Proc edur e (SOP). Thi s inc lus i v e di spos a l uni t s and sour c e s , pa c k a g ing , t r ans f e r and t r anspor t a t ion. Af t e r the di spos a l proc e s s compl e t ed, the informa t ion a r e r equi r e s to be upda t ed ins ide gov e rnment a s s e t di spos a l r e cords plus r adioa c t i v e ma t e r i a l s and l i c ens ing di r e c tor y . 1 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #19 Di spos a l of C oba l t -60 ( C o-60) T e l e the r apy Sy s t em in Medi c a l Ins t i tut ion: Invol v ement of St a k eholde r s in Ensur ing the Sa f e t y and Se cur i t y of Radioa c t i v e Sour c e s Di s cus s ion: The e s t abl i shment of a spe c i a l t a s k for c e commi t t e e i s v e r y c r i t i c a l to de v e lop SOPs for C o-6 0 wa s t e di spos a l . Ident if y the func t ions and rol e s of e a ch depa r tment and gov e rnment a g enc y invol v ed to enhanc e the end- to- end proc e s s e ffi c i enc y and to pr e v ent ov e r l apping wor k s cope . The di spos a l proc e s s mus t compl y wi th a l l s a f e t y and s e cur i t y r equi r ement s a s we l l a s on the enfor c ed l e g a l pol i c y whi ch inc luding to ensur e the cos t s invol v ed a r e in l ine wi th the na t iona l aus t e r i t y pol i c y . C onc lus ion: In conc lus ion, the di spos a l proc e s s of C o-6 0 t e l e the r apy ma chine a t Que en El i z abe th Hospi t a l I I ha s suc c e s s ful l y e x e cut ed wi th the coope r a t ion of a l l s t a k eholde r s and C o-6 0 r adioa c t i v e wa s t e wa s we l l di spos ed a t Na t iona l Radioa c t i v e Wa s t e Mana g ement C ent e r , Ma l a y s i a . Ke ywords : s e cur i t y of r adioa c t i v e sour c e s ; r adioa c t i v e sour c e s ; medi c a l ins t i tut ion; di spos a l 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #20 Simul a t ion of Diff e r ent T ype of El ement s a s Pot ent i a l Radi a t ion Shi e lding Ma t e r i a l Umi e El i a tus y if a Badrol , Si t i Al i ah J if r ih , Ya smin M D Radz i 1School of Phy s i c s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 1 18 0 0 , M inden, Penang ; Int roduc t ion: Radi a t ion shi e lding ma t e r i a l s pl a y a c r i t i c a l rol e in prot e c t ing human be ing s and s ens i t i v e equipment f rom the ha rmful e ff e c t s of ioni z ing r adi a t ion. Wi th the cont inuous adv anc ement s in nuc l e a r t e chnolog i e s , medi c a l ima g ing , spa c e e xplor a t ion, and indus t r i a l appl i c a t ions , the r e i s an inc r e a s ing demand for an innov a t i v e and e ffi c i ent r adi a t ion shi e lding ma t e r i a l s . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy prov ide s a fundament a l s tudy of v a r ious t ype s of ma t e r i a l s employ ed for r adi a t ion shi e lding , inc luding t r adi t iona l ma t e r i a l s such a s l e ad and conc r e t e , a s we l l a s eme r g ing a l t e rna t i v e s l i k e Bi smuth (Bi), C admium T e l lur ide ( C dT e ), Pol y e thy l ene (pol yme r ), Tung s t en Al loy ( a l loy ) and Ba r ium Sulf a t e (BaSO ) us ing E G Snr c M ont e C a r lo pa c k a g e . Me thods : The me thods focus e s on the k e y cha r a c t e r i s t i c s tha t ma k e the s e ma t e r i a l s e ff e c t i v e in a t t enua t ing ioni z ing r adi a t ion, such a s the i r dens i t y , a tomi c numbe r , and e l e c t ron dens i t y . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Tung s t en a l loy (ρ= 19. 28 g / cm ) ha s the hi ghe s t l ine a r a t t enua t ion coe ffi c i ent s compa r ed to L e ad (ρ= 1 1 . 29 g / cm ) whi ch a r e 0 . 0 5893 cm and 0 . 0 4468 cm r e spe c t i v e l y . Henc e , Tung s t en a l loy ha s the lowe s t pe r c ent a g e of r adi a t ion t r ansmi s s ion compa r ed to othe r ma t e r i a l s . F rom the r e sul t , Pol y e thy l ene shown to ha v e the hi ghe s t pe r c ent a g e of s c a t t e r ed r adi a t ion. Ha lf- v a lue L a y e r (HVL ) for Tung s t en a l loy , L e ad, C admium T e l lur ide , Bi smuth a r e 1 1 . 76, 1 5 . 5 1 , 1 7 .42 and 28.44 r e spe c t i v e l y . C onc lus ions : Thi s abs t r a c t i t empha s i z e s the impor t anc e of de s i gning ma t e r i a l s wi th opt ima l shi e lding prope r t i e s to addr e s s the e vol v ing cha l l eng e s in r adi a t ion prot e c t ion a c ros s v a r ious indus t r i e s . The abs t r a c t a ims to inspi r e fur the r r e s e a r ch and innov a t ion in thi s c r i t i c a l a r e a , fos t e r ing the de v e lopment of s a f e r env i ronment s and appl i c a t ions invol v ing ioni z ing r adi a t ion. Ke ywords : Radi a t ion Shi e lding , Ioni z ing r adi a t ion, E G Snr c M ont e C a r lo, Ha lfv a lue L a y e r (HVL ) 1 1 1 4 3 3 -1 -1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #21 Es t ima t ion of Dos e Re f e r enc e L e v e l s (DRL s ) for C hildr en in C omput ed Tomog r aphy Sc anne r in Two Publi c Hospi t a l s in Wil a y ah Pe r s e kutuan Kua l a Lumpur and Se l angor H. Az i z an , A. R Azha r 1 , 2 School of Phy s i c s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 1 18 0 0 Penang , M alay s ia; Int roduc t ion: The inc r e a s e in the numbe r of C T ma chine s in Ma l a y s i a ha s l ed to an inc r e a s e in the numbe r of C T e x amina t ions on pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s whe r e thi s phenomenon i s v e r y wor r y ing be c aus e a s i s known, the c e l l s in the body of pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s a r e mor e s ens i t i v e to ioni z ing r adi a t ion than adul t pa t i ent s . [ 1 , 5 ,8] di s cov e r ed tha t the r i s k of pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s g e t t ing br a in c anc e r and l euk emi a a t cumul a t i v e dos e s be twe en 5 0 and 6 0 mG y i s 3 t ime s hi ghe r . The I C RP sug g e s t ed tha t DRL should be int roduc ed to c l ini c a l di a gnos t i c e x amina t ions for v a r ious X- r a y ma chine s . Thr e e t ype s of dos e indi c a tor s a r e us ed for the Dos e Re f e r enc e L e v e l We i ght ed C TDI ( C TDI ), Volume C TDI ( C TDI ), and Eff e c t i v e Dos e (ED) Purpos e : Es t ima t e pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s ’ dos e s us ing C TDI vol , DLP, and ED. i . To compa r e DRL f rom thi s s tudy wi th DRL f rom othe r s tudi e s . i i .Es t ima t e e ff e c t i v e dos e s f rom the comput ed tomog r aphy s c anne r of pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s us ing pa t i ent - spe c ifi c informa t ion. i i i . To de v e lop Loc a l DRL for Tunku Az i z ah Hospi t a l , Kua l a Lumpur and Se l a y ang Hospi t a l , Se l angor . Me thods : Study da t a of pa t i ent s unde r going C T e x amina t ion we r e t a k en r e t rospe c t i v e l y f rom J anua r y 2 0 2 0 to De c embe r 2 0 2 1 a t Hospi t a l Tunku Az i z ah, Wi l a y ah Pe r s e kutuan Kua l a Lumpur (HTA) and Hospi t a l Se l a y ang (Se l angor r e gul a r s c ans of the 3 body r e g ions we r e chos en). Pa t i ent da t a we r e di v ided into 3 e x amina t ions : he ad, che s t , and abdomen. T ype s of a g e g roups of pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s a r e di v ided into 4 t ype s ; ( < 1 ) y e a r , ( 1 - 5 ) y e a r s , (6- 1 0 ) y e a r s , and ( 1 1 - 1 5 ) y e a r s ba s ed on a s tudy conduc t ed by [ 1 0 ]. The DLP and C TDI v a lue s obt a ined we r e compa r ed wi th the DLP and C TDI v a lue s in the othe r s tudi e s . The DLP and C TDI v a lue s found we r e unde r e s t ima t ion v a lue s for che s t and abdomina l C T e x amina t ion be c aus e the phy s i c a l s i z e of a pedi a t r i c pa t i ent ’ s body wa s sma l l e r than the 3 2 cm phantom s i z e on the C T appa r a tus [8, 16]. The C TDI ne eds to be mul t ipl i ed by a v a lue of 2 . 0 8 and DLP by 2 . 0 to obt a in the c los e s t v a lue to the a c tua l s i z e of the pedi a t r i c pa t i ent ba s ed on the 16 cm phantom s i z e for the pedi a t r i c body s i z e . Al l s tudy da t a we r e ent e r ed into MS Ex c e l and c l a s s ifi ed a c cording to s epa r a t e body pa r t s (he ad, che s t , abdomen), and a g e g roups . For e a ch da t a s e t , de s c r ipt i v e s t a t i s t i c a l ana l y s i s v a lue s we r e pe r formed to obt a in minimum, ma x imum, me an, and s t anda rd de v i a t ion v a lue s . The v a lue s for e a ch C TDI , DLP, and ED r e sul t we r e compa r ed wi thin the diff e r ent hospi t a l s and a g e g roups ( < 1 ) y e a r , ( 1 - 5 ) y e a r s , (6- 1 0 ) y e a r s , and ( 1 1 - 1 5 ) y e a r s . 1 2 vol vol vol vol vol vol w 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #21 vol Es t ima t ion of Dos e Re f e r enc e L e v e l s (DRL s ) for C hildr en in C omput ed Tomog r aphy Sc anne r in Two Publi c Hospi t a l s in Wil a y ah Pe r s e kutuan Kua l a Lumpur and Se l angor Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Ba s ed on the ana l y s i s pe r formed for the he ad, che s t , and abdomen protocol s a t Tunku Az i z ah Hospi t a l and Se l a y ang Hospi t a l , the dos e r e c e i v ed wa s de t e rmined a s C TDI and DLP whi ch shows v e r ifi c a t ion of minimum and ma x imum dos e s . For HTA the e x amina t ion di s t anc e for C T e x amina t ion i s in the r ang e be twe en 3 - 7 0 cm whi l e for HS i t i s be twe en 8 - 67 cm. The r e i s no s i gnifi c ant inc r e a s e for the a g e g roup ( 0 -6) whi l e for the a g e g roup ( 5 - 1 5 ) the r e i s an inc r e a s e of 3 0 % . The e x amina t ion di s t anc e for che s t C T be twe en 1 3 - 7 0 cm showed an inc r e a s e of 5 0 % be twe en the a g e g roup ( 0 - 5 ) y e a r s and the a g e g roup (6- 1 5 ) y e a r s . For the C T abdomina l e x amina t ion di s t anc e , the r ang e i s be twe en 2 0 - 67 cm, s e e ing an inc r e a s e of approx ima t e l y 2 0 % for the a g e g roup ( 5 - 1 0 ) y e a r s and the a g e g roup ( 1 1 - 1 5 ) y e a r s . C onc lus ions : The r e sul t s of the s tudy conduc t ed for both hospi t a l s found tha t mos t of the dos e in the thi rd qua r t i l e v a lue s of C TDI wa s low compa r ed to othe r s tudi e s e x c ept for the C TDI v a lue of HTA for the a g e g roup ( 1 1 - 1 5 ) y e a r s of che s t C T e x amina t ion and the DLP v a lue of the s tudy for the a g e g roup ( 1 - 5 ) and (6- 1 0 ) y e a r s cont r ibut ing mor e than 46 % of ma x imum dos e v a lue compa r ed to othe r s tudi e s . Dos e in the 3 rd qua r t i l e v a lue s of C TDI and DLP for HS wa s a l so r e l a t i v e l y low or the s ame compa r ed to othe r s tudi e s e x c ept for C TDI v a lue s for the a g e g roups ( 1 1 - 1 5 ) y e a r s of abdomen C T e x amina t ion cont r ibut ing mor e than 3 5 % hi ghe r f rom othe r s tudi e s . The DLP v a lue for abdomen C T e x amina t ions of thi s s tudy for the a g e g roup ( 1 1 - 1 5 ) y e a r s cont r ibut ed mor e than 47 % ma x ima l v a lue of the othe r s tudi e s . F rom the s e s tudi e s , i t appe a r s tha t r adi a t ion dos e s in pedi a t r i c s C T v a r y wide l y in c l ini c a l pr a c t i c e , sug g e s t ing tha t i t i s pos s ibl e to r educ e dos e s through s t anda rdi z ed protocol s and othe r publ i shed me thods tha t could dr ama t i c a l l y r educ e r adi a t ion-induc ed c anc e r s in pedi a t r i c s C T in the futur e . The de r i v a t ion of the DRL ha s g i v en a tool to e v a lua t e and improv e the pe r formanc e of C T e x amina t ions in both hospi t a l s by improv ing and r educ ing r adi a t ion dos e s to pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s . Ac knowl edg ement : U ni t Pengurus an L a t ihan 1 , Kement e r i an Ke s iha t an Ma l a y s i a , J aba t an Pe r khidma t an Awam Ke tua Prof e s ion Pe g awa i Sa ins ( F i z i k ) Kement e r i an Ke s iha t an Ma l a y s i a , and mos t l y Radiolog y Depa r tment of Hospi t a l Tunku Az i z ah Kua l a Lumpur and Radiolog y Depa r tment of Hospi t a l Se l a y ang and the i r s t a ff s in prov iding guidanc e , equipment , and f a c i l i t i e s to he lp me running my r e s e a r ch. Ke ywords : C TDI , DLP, ED C or r e sponding Author : Az i z an Haml i ; a z i z an_h@s tudent .usm.my vol vol vol vol vol 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #23 Es t abli shment of Loc a l Di a gnos t i c Re f e r enc e L e v e l ( LDRL ) for Pa edi a t r i c C omput ed Tomog r aphy Br a in ( C TB) in Hospi t a l Sung a i Buloh Nor a f a t in Kha l id , Wan Nur Ain Wan G ha z a l i , J an J an C ha i 1 , 2 , 3Depar tment of Radiolog y , H ospi tal Sungai Buloh, 47 0 0 0 , Se langor , M alay s ia; Int roduc t ion: As a Neurolog y and T r auma C ent e r , pa edi a t r i c C TB e x amina t ion i s one of common ima g ing inv e s t i g a t ion done in H ospi t a l Sung a i Buloh. Pa edi a t r i c pa t i ent s a r e mor e vulne r abl e to r adiobiolog i c a l e ff e c t due to the i r t i s sue ’ s g rowth, thus spi k e the conc e rn of r adi a t ion dos e r e c e i v ed by thi s a g e g roup. C ur r ent l y in M a l a y s i a , de spi t e pr e s enc e of adul t s Na t iona l Di a gnos t i c Re f e r enc e L e v e l s (NDRL ) for diff e r ent body pa r t s ; ne i the r NDRL ’ s nor Loc a l di a gnos t i c r e f e r enc e l e v e l s ( LDRL ) ha v e be en e s t abl i shed for pedi a t r i c pa t i ent s . The r e i s no pedi a t r i c NDRL to s t anda rdi z e the protocol s among the hospi t a l s . Purpos e : The ma in purpos e of thi s s tudy i s to de v e lop the LDRL for pa edi a t r i c pa t i ent s by col l e c t ing da t a and a s s e s s the dos e r e c e i v ed by pa edi a t r i c pa t i ent whom unde r go pl a in C TB in H ospi t a l Sung a i Buloh. Then we wi l l compa r e our col l e c t ed da t a on pl a in C TB’ s DRL for diff e r ent a g e g roups in pa edi a t r i c pa t i ent s wi th the e s t abl i shed LDRL and NDRL in othe r count r i e s . Me thods : Tot a l of 2 79 pa t i ent s ’ r adi a t ion dos e da t a we r e col l e c t ed r e t rospe c t i v e l y for a l l pa edi a t r i c s C TB pl a in e x amina t ion conduc t ed a t H ospi t a l Sung a i Buloh f rom 2 0 2 0 unt i l 2 0 2 2 . Pa t i ent s we r e a s s i gned to one of the four a g e g roups a s ment ioned: i) L e s s than 1 , i i) 1 to 5 , i i i) 6 to 1 0 and i v ) 1 1 to 1 5 y e a r s . The da t a we r e then t abul a t ed a c cording to diff e r ent a g e g roup a s we l l a s the r adi a t ion dos e quant i t i e s . Ana l y s i s wa s conduc t ed us ing s t a t i s t i c a l me thod to de v e lop the LDRL . Vi a l i t e r a tur e v i ews , we wi l l then compa r e our da t a wi th the de v e loped LDRL and NDRL in othe r count r i e s . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The LDRL for pa edi a t r i c C TB wa s de v e loped us ing two r adi a t ion dos e quant i t i e s whi ch we r e C TDI and DLP a c cording to diff e r ent a g e g roup. The LDRL for C TDI dos e quant i t y de v e loped we r e approx ima t e l y 24. 0 0 , 28.9 0 , 3 5 .6 0 , 36.4 0 mG y for l e s s than 1 y e a r , 1 to 5 y e a r s , 6 to 1 0 y e a r s and 1 1 to 1 5 y e a r s a g e g roup. Whi l e LDRL for DLP dos e quant i t y de v e loped 344.9 0 , 447 .95 , 566.6 0 and 61 2 .8 0 mG y . cm for e a ch a g e g roup r e spe c t i v e l y . C onc lus ions : The LDRL de v e loped for a g e g roup l e s s than 1 y e a r and 1 to 5 y e a r s showed a s i gnifi c ant dos ime t r i c ov e r shoot compa r ed to U K’ s DRL . Thus , prompt ed us to do cor r e c t ion on the protocol s us ed and opt imi z a t ion on dos ime t r i c e v a lua t ion for pa edi a t r i c C TB in H ospi t a l Sung a i Buloh. Ac knowl edg ement : The author s would l i k e to a c knowl edg e Pe r tubuhan Pa s c a Si swa z ah H ospi t a l Sung a i Buloh for the i r suppor t of funding and e x t end our he a r t f e l t g r a t i tude to the f a c i l i t i e s and s t a ff for the i r coope r a t ion dur ing da t a col l e c t ion. Ke ywords : C omput ed Tomog r aphy , pa edi a t r i c s , LDRL , r adi a t ion dos e C or r e sponding Author : Nor a f a t in Kha l id; nor a f a t in@moh. gov .my 1 2 3 v v 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #24 Opt imi z ing Radiothe r apy T r e a tment for T ip of Nos e Ba s a l C e ll C a r c inoma : C a s e Study on Pa r a ffin Wa x -Ba s ed El e c t ron Be am The r apy . Azni t a Adan, Si t i Ha j a r Abdul Rahman, I z z a t i Ros l i 1 Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne gara, Put rajaya, Wi layah Pe r s e kutuan, 62 2 5 0 , M alay s ia; Int roduc t ion: Ba s a l c e l l c a r c inoma (B C C ) i s a common s k in c anc e r a ff e c t ing the he ad and ne c k r e g ion. Though sur g e r y i s t ypi c a l l y pr e f e r r ed, r adi a t ion the r apy in the f a c i a l a r e a off e r s e x c e l l ent loc a l cont rol , cosme t i c out come s and func t ion pr e s e r v a t ion. Howe v e r , de l i v e r ing pr e c i s e r adi a t ion dos e s to tumor s on the nos e c an be cha l l eng ing due to the compl e x ana tomy and prox imi t y to c r i t i c a l s t ruc tur e s . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a ims to e v a lua t e the f e a s ibi l i t y of cus tom-made pa r a ffin wa x bolus dur ing e l e c t ron be am t r e a tment for t ip of nos e B C C . Me thods : The pa t i ent wa s a 7 1 - y e a r -old f ema l e wi th an incompl e t e l y e x c i s ed t ip of the nos e B C C . Pa t i ent wa s s imul a t ed us ing c l ini c a l ‘ M a r k on Se t ’ (M OS) me thod in a neut r a l pos i t ion, immobi l i z ed wi th pe r sona l i z ed the rmopl a s t i c ma s k , fol lowed by t a r g e t volume ma r k ing on the s k in by an Oncolog i s t . A cus tomi z ed pa r a ffin wa x na s a l bloc k bolus wa s f abr i c a t ed to compens a t e for the i r r e gul a r contour of the nos e , and 66 G y in 3 3 f r a c t ions ov e r 6. 5 we e k s of r adi a t ion dos e wa s de l i v e r ed us ing a c i r cul a r 1 2 M eV fi e ld to ensur e 9 0 % pr e s c r ipt ion dos e on the s k in. Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: At 3 months pos t r adi a t ion, the r e i s no c l ini c a l e v idenc e of loc a l r e cur r enc e wi th g r ade 1 s k in chang e s . C us tom-made pa r a ffin wa x i s made f rom t i s sue equi v a l ent ma t e r i a l ; i t ensur e s mor e a c cur a t e immobi l i z a t ion, improv ed t a r g e t cov e r a g e , be t t e r cons i s t enc i e s in t r e a tment de l i v e r y . Fur the rmor e , i t a l lows a mor e homog enous t r e a tment be am and uniform dos e di s t r ibut ion. C onc lus ions : Pa r a ffin-wa x ba s ed e l e c t ron r adiothe r apy t e chnique c an off e r a mor e pr e c i s e s e t up thus ensur ing mor e a c cur a t e t r e a tment de l i v e r i e s wi th good c l ini c a l out come . Ac knowl edg ement : Thi s pape r i s a c l ini c a l c a s e s tudy for conf e r enc e pr e s ent a t ion purpos e suppor t ed by Depa r tment of Radiothe r apy , Ins t i tut Kans e r Ne g a r a , Put r a j a y a , M a l a y s i a . Ke ywords : Pa r a ffin Wa x , Ba s a l C e l l C a r c inoma , B C C , Radiothe r apy , El e c t ron. C or r e sponding Author : Azni t a Adan; r t a zni t a@nc i . gov .my 1 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #25 Opt ima l Bl adde r Volume dur ing Hi gh Dos e Ra t e Hybr id Br a chy the r apy for C e r v i c a l C anc e r : A Dos ime t r i c Study Abdul l ah Reduan , Abdul l ah Ar if ah Na z i r ah , Ni k M ohamed, Ani s Sahi r a , Az aha r i , Ahmad Naqiuddin , Appa l ani ado, G okul a Kuma r , M ohamad, M a zur awa t i , Abdul Az i z , M ohd Z ahr i 1Nuc l ear M edi c ine , Radiothe rapy & Oncolog y Depar tment , H ospi tal U S M , 161 5 0 Kota Bharu, Ke lantan 2School of H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 161 5 0 Kota Bharu, Ke lantan, M alay s ia. 3Advanc ed M edi cal and Dental Ins t i tut e , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 1 3 2 0 0 Be r tam, Penang , M alay s ia. 4Nuc l ear M edi c ine , Radiothe rapy & Oncolog y Depar tment , School of M edi cal Sc i enc e s , H eal th C ampus U S M , 161 5 0 Kota Bharu, Ke lantan Int roduc t ion: C e r v i c a l c anc e r i s one of the mos t pr e v a l ent c anc e r in women wor ldwide , inc luding M a l a y s i a . Purpos e : To e s t abl i sh the ide a l bl adde r volume and i t s impa c t on or g ans r e c e i v ing hi gh- dos e - r a t e (HDR) hybr id br a chy the r apy for c e r v i c a l c anc e r . Me thods : F rom 2 0 1 7 to 2 0 19, 1 5 pa t i ent s wi th c e r v i c a l c anc e r unde rwent pe l v i c i r r adi a t ion wi th 45 G y , fol lowed by 2 1 G y to 36 G y of hybr id (int r a c a v i t a r y + int e r s t i t i a l) br a chy the r apy we r e s tudi ed. The pa t i ent s we r e di v ided into the fol lowing four g roups : A, B, C , and D. The c l a s s ifi c a t ion of the g roups wa s done in orde r to compa r e how v a r ious bl adde r volume s mi ght a ff e c t the dos a g e of OARs . The volume r ang ed f rom 0 -8 0 c c a s g roup A, 81 - 1 2 0 c c a s g roup B, 1 2 1 - 1 7 0 c c a s g roup C , and mor e than 1 7 1 c c a s g roup D. Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: Ac cording to the finding s , the s i gmoid dos e wa s g r e a t l y impa c t ed by bl adde r volume , whi l e ne i the r the bl adde r nor the r e c tum dos e s we r e shown to be s i gnifi c ant l y impa c t ed. Howe v e r , by e x amining the pa t t e rns of dos e di s t r ibut ion for e a ch g roup, i t wa s di s cov e r ed tha t the minimum dos e s for the r e c tum and s i gmoid we r e when the bl adde r wa s ful l y di l a t ed ( > 1 7 1 ml), and the minima l r e ading for the bl adde r wa s di s cov e r ed dur ing empt y bl adde r ( 0 –8 0 ml). G roup C ' s cumul a t i v e dos e ( 1 2 1 – 1 7 0 ml) e x c e eded the Ame r i c an Br a chy the r apy Soc i e t y ' s dos e guide l ine s for OAR. A cor r e l a t ion t e s t r e v e a l ed tha t the r e wa s no s i gnifi c ant a s soc i a t ion be twe en bl adde r volume and HR- C TV ( 0 . 2 2 1 ). C onc lus ions : As a r e sul t , t r e a tment wi th a bl adde r c apa c i t y g r e a t e r than 1 7 1 c c r educ e s the dos a g e of OARs pr e f e r ent i a l l y . Ac knowl edg ement : Thi s r e s e a r ch wa s funded by the U ni v e r s i t i Sa ins M a l a y s i a unde r Fundament a l G r ant Re s e a r ch Scheme , M ini s t r y of Hi ghe r Educ a t ion [ G r ant No. F G RS/ 1 / 2 0 2 2 /ST G 0 7 / U S M / 0 2 / 2 ]. Ke ywords : Hybr id Brachy the rapy , Bladde r Volume , Or gan at Ri s k Dos e s 1,3 2 2 3 3 4 3 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #26 Dos ime t r i c cha r a c t e r i s t i c s of Nov e l G e -Doped Sili c a Opt i c a l F ibr e s for G amma - r a y Blood I r r adi a tor K.S.A K. Ba k a r , N. M . Noor , M . T . Dol ah 1M edi cal Phy s i c s Laborator y , Depar tment of Radiolog y , Facul t y of M edi c ine and H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t y Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 Se rdang , M alay s ia; 2 M edi cal Radiat ion Sur v e i l lanc e U ni t , Penang Stat e H eal th Depar tment , 1 0 59 0 Penang , M alay s ia; 3M edi cal Phy s i c s U ni t , T eaching H ospi tal U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia; 4Radiat ion M e t rolog y G roup, Se condar y Standard Dos ime t r y Laborator i e s ,Nuc l ear M alay s ia Ag enc y , 43 0 0 0 Kajang , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Dos e mapping i s one of the blood i r r adi a tor ' s pa r ame t e r s to audi t . To pr e v ent g r a f t - v e r sus -hos t di s e a s e , dos e mapping a s sur e s tha t the blood r adi a t ion e xposur e i s wi thin the r ang e of 1 5 G y to 5 0 G y . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a ims to e s t abl i sh the fundament a l dos ime t r i c cha r a c t e r i s t i c s of a f abr i c a t ed g e rmanium-doped ( G e -doped) s i l i c a -ba s ed opt i c a l fibr e s a s a pot ent i a l pa s s i v e r adi a t ion dos ime t e r for dos e mapping in blood i r r adi a tor ( C s - 1 3 7 sour c e ). Ke y dos ime t r i c cha r a c t e r i s t i c s ha v e be en e s t abl i shed, inc luding l ine a r i t y , f ading , s ens i t i v i t y , and g low cur v e ana l y s i s . Me thods : Both c y l indr i c a l ( C F ) and fl a t ( F F ) G e -doped opt i c a l fibe r s we r e employ ed in thi s s tudy . The i r r adi a t ion proc edur e s we r e conduc t ed us ing a C oba l t -6 0 ma chine a t Nuc l e a r M a l a y s i a , cov e r ing a dos e r ang e f rom 5 to 5 0 G y to a s s e s s the l ine a r i t y of the dos e r e spons e . For the f ading and s ens i t i v i t y inv e s t i g a t ions , the fibe r s we r e e xpos ed to dos e s of 2 5 G y and 1 G y , r e spe c t i v e l y . The the rmolumine s c enc e ( T L ) s i gna l s emi t t ed by the fibe r s we r e subs equent l y me a sur ed us ing a Ha r shawTM 3 5 0 0 T LD r e ade r . Re sul t s & C onc lus ions : Both the c y l indr i c a l ( C F ) and fl a t ( F F ) G e -doped opt i c a l fibe r s demons t r a t ed l ine a r i t y be twe en the rmolumine s c enc e ( T L ) y i e ld and dos e wi thin the r ang e of 5 G y to 5 0 G y . The coe ffi c i ent of de t e rmina t ion (R²) for C F wa s 0 .992 5 , whi l e for F F i t wa s 0 .9597 . The s ens i t i v i t y of the opt i c a l fibe r s e xhibi t ed coe ffi c i ent s of v a r i a t ion r ang ing f rom 0 . 1 2 % to 1 . 7 % for C F and 0 . 14 % to 1 . 59 % for F F , indi c a t ing good cons i s t enc y in T L me a sur ement s . Fol lowing a 28-da y s tor a g e pe r iod, the T L f ading los s wa s found to be 1 1 . 5 % for C F and 1 3 . 3 % for F F . The t ime - t empe r a tur e ( T TP) s e t t ing s e s t abl i shed for thi s s tudy we r e a s fol lows : pr e -he a t a t 95 ° C ( C F ) and 92 ° C ( F F ) for 1 0 s e conds , a cqui s i t ion t empe r a tur e of 4 0 0 ° C for 16. 7 s e conds , and a he a t ing r a t e of 3 0 ° C / s . G i v en the i r e x c e l l ent pe r formanc e and cha r a c t e r i s t i c s , both C F and F F ha v e s i gnifi c ant pot ent i a l a s nov e l pa s s i v e dos ime t e r s for blood dos e mapping . Ac knowl edg ement : We e x t end our appr e c i a t ion to the s t a ff of the Se conda r y St anda rd Dos ime t r y L abor a tor i e s (SSDL ) a t the M a l a y s i an Nuc l e a r Ag enc y and the Depa r tment of Radiolog y , F a cul t y of M edi c ine and He a l th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Put r a M a l a y s i a for the i r v a luabl e a s s i s t anc e in thi s s tudy . The i r suppor t wa s v i t a l to the suc c e s s ful compl e t ion of thi s r e s e a r ch. Ke ywords : F abr i c a t ed fibr e s , C s - 1 3 7 i r r adi a tor ; G amma dos e mapping C or r e sponding Author : As soc . Prof. Dr . Nor ama l i z a M ohd Noor - nor ama l i z a@upm. edu.my ; Ku Sha ida ton Akma r Ku Ba k a r - g s645 3 7@s tudent .upm. edu.my ; 1,2 1,3 4 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #27 A Re v i ew of Radi a t ion Prot e c t ion T e chnique s and St r a t e g i e s for Pedi a t r i c Mul t ide t e c tor C omput ed Tomog r aphy (MDC T ) Abdomina l Ex amina t ions Ina y a tul l ah Shah Sa y ed, M uhammad I r f an M ohd Yusof 1 Int e rnat ional I s lami c U ni v e r s i t y M alay s ia, Kuantan, Pahang , 2 5 2 0 0 , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Radi a t ion prot e c t ion i s c ruc i a l for pedi a t r i c ima g ing . C hi ldr en a r e mor e sus c ept ibl e to r adi a t ion-induc ed ma l i gnanc i e s due to the i r c e l l s ens i t i v i t y and long e r l if e spans . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a imed to c a r r y out a compr ehens i v e r e v i ew of the r adi a t ion prot e c t ion t e chnique s and s t r a t e g i e s for pedi a t r i c mul t ide t e c tor comput ed tomog r aphy (M DC T ) abdomina l e x amina t ions . Me thods : Ar t i c l e s we r e col l e c t ed f rom the da t aba s e s Web of Sc i enc e (WoS), PubM ed, Spr ing e r L ink , Sc i enc eDi r e c t , and G oog l e Schol a r . The k e ywords us ed in thi s s e a r ch we r e ba s ed on the obj e c t i v e s and r e s e a r ch que s t ions of the s tudy . The s e l e c t ion of a r t i c l e s wa s r e fined ba s ed on inc lus ion and e x c lus ion c r i t e r i a . In addi t ion, the inc lus ion c r i t e r i a - compl i ant a r t i c l e s we r e e v a lua t ed for da t a e x t r a c t ion. Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: A compr ehens i v e s e a r ch found 7 3 14 r e l e v ant a r t i c l e s and abs t r a c t s . Fol lowing the inc lus ion and e x c lus ion c r i t e r i a , 2 14 a r t i c l e s and abs t r a c t s we r e de emed e l i g ibl e . Ful l pape r s , focus ing on the i r r e l e v anc e to the s tudy ' s obj e c t i v e s and r e s e a r ch que s t ion, we r e cons ide r ed. C ons equent l y , onl y 7 7 a r t i c l e s qua l ifi ed for ana l y s i s . Fur the r , a s t r ing ent s e t of inc lus ion c r i t e r i a s e l e c t ed twe l v e a r t i c l e s for a s s e s sment . The s e a r t i c l e s s t r e s s how impor t ant i t i s to us e t e chnique s to r educ e r adi a t ion dos e , such a s s e t t ing di a gnos t i c r e f e r enc e l e v e l s (DRL s ), us ing the r i ght e xposur e f a c tor s , such a s tube cur r ent (mAs ) and tube vol t a g e ( kVp), appl y ing pr e fi l t r a t ion t e chnique s , and us ing pos tproc e s s ing a l gor i thms . C onc lus ions : Di a gnos t i c ima g ing r adi a t ion dos e r educ t ion r equi r e s a mul t if a c e t ed approa ch. DRL s , e xposur e f a c tor s , pr e fi l t r a t ion, and pos t - proc e s s ing a l gor i thms c an he lp he a l thc a r e wor k e r s r educ e pa t i ent e xposur e to ioni z ing r adi a t ion whi l e ensur ing hi gh- qua l i t y ima g e s . Thi s approa ch promot e s r adi a t ion dos e opt imi z a t ion and pa t i ent s a f e t y in medi c a l ima g ing . Ke ywords : r adi a t ion prot e c t ion, abdomina l M DC T , pedi a t r i c , ALARA, r adi a t ion- induc ed ma l i gnanc i e s C or r e sponding Author : Ina y a tul l ah Shah Sa y ed; ina y a tul l ah@i ium. edu.my 1 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #28 Eff e c t i v e Dos e Es t ima t ion of SPE C T - C T for Myoc a rdi a l Pe r fus ion and Bone Sc an Ima g ing in HSAAS UPM M .S.Kha idz i , N.M .Noor , Kun. L .K 1M edi cal Phy s i c s U ni t , H ospi tal Sul tan Abdul Az i z Shah U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 , Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia. 2 M edi cal Phy s i c s Laborator y , Depar tment of Radiolog y , Facul t y of M edi c ine and H eal th Sc i enc e s , 43 0 0 0 , Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia 3Depar tment of Phy s i c s , Facul t y of Sc i enc e , U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: The r adi a t ion dos e to pa t i ent s f rom SPE C T - C T ima g ing e x amina t ions i s me a sur ed to e v a lua t e the r i s k of the proc edur e and to ensur e tha t the r e i s no unne c e s s a r y r adi a t ion e xposur e . Purpos e : The s tudy a ims to e s t ima t e the tot a l e ff e c t i v e dos e of pa t i ent s unde rwent SPE C T - C T St r e s s and Re s t M yoc a rdi a l Pe r fus ion Ima g ing (M PI) ( T c -99m M IBI) and bone s c an ( T c -99m M DP) and compa r e the admini s t e r ed r adiopha rma c eut i c a l dos e s wi th the r e commended na t iona l di a gnos t i c r e f e r enc e l e v e l s (DRL ) for nuc l e a r medi c a l ima g ing in M a l a y s i a Me thods : Pa t i ent s ' da t a f rom SPE C T - C T e x amina t ions we r e col l e c t ed, inc luding r adiopha rma c eut i c a l admini s t e r ed dos e , C TDI vol , and DLP. The da t a we r e compa r ed to the M a l a y s i an Na t iona l DRL v a lue s (NDRL ) and the the tot a l e ff e c t i v e dos e we r e c a l cul a t ed us ing the e s t abl i shed formul a . The ana l y s i s inc lude s plot t ing g r aphs . The s tudy cons i s t s of thr e e pa r t s : da t a col l e c t ion, compa r i son wi th NDRL , and c a l cul a t ion and ana l y s i s . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The s tudy ana l y z ed 184 c a s e s of M PI r e s t , M PI s t r e s s , and bone s c ans . M os t r adiopha rma c eut i c a l dos e s e x c e eded the r e commended na t iona l DRL ' l e v e l s (NDRL ). The SPE C T e ff e c t i v e dos e of M PI r e s t r ang ed f rom 5 .62 - 7 . 3 3 mSv , medi an dos e of 6. 3 5 mSv . The C T e ff e c t i v e dos e r ang ed f rom 0 .41 - 0 .92 mSv , medi an dos e of 0 . 5 2 mSv . The SPE C T bone s c an e ff e c t i v e dos e r ang ed f rom 3 . 2 1 -4.62 mSv , medi an of 4. 0 0 mSv . The C T e ff e c t i v e dos e r ang ed f rom 2 .68 mSv to 6.41 mSv , medi an of 1 .96 mSv . The SPE C T e ff e c t i v e dos e of M PI s t r e s s r ang e be twe en 4. 3 2 mSv and 6.4 0 mSv , wi th medi an dos e l e v e l of a round 5 .42 mSv . The C T e ff e c t i v e dos e i s in the r ang e of 0 .43 – 0 .67 mSv , wi th medi an of 0 .49 mSv . Ov e r a l l , the tot a l e ff e c t i v e dos e l e v e l s for SPE C T - C T we r e wi thin v a l id and a c c ept abl e l imi t s , fol lowing the ALARA pr inc ipl e . C onc lus ions : The dos e l e v e l s for SPE C T M PI r e s t and bone s c ans we r e be low the r e commended DRL , whi l e the dos e l e v e l s for M PI s t r e s s e x c e eded the r e commended l e v e l . SPE C T - C T dos e l e v e l s we r e found to be r e a sonabl e and s a f e , wi th s t r i c t adhe r enc e to the ALARA pr inc ipl e . . Ac knowl edg ement : The author s would l i k e to e xpr e s s the i r g r a t i tude to the s t a ff s of M edi c a l Phy s i c s U ni t and Nuc l e a r Ima g ing Depa r tment , H ospi t a l Sul t an Abdul Az i z Shah (H SAAS) U ni v e r s i t i Put r a M a l a y s i a , for the i r a s s i s t anc e in compl e t ing thi s s tudy . Ke ywords : SPE C T - C T , DRL , Eff e c t i v e Dos e , M IBI , M DP C or r e sponding Author : M .S.Kha idz i r , saz e l y@upm. edu.my 1 1,2 3 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #29 F e tus Dos e for Pr e gnant Pa t i ent Unde r going C T Proc edur e : Mont e C a r lo Simul a t ion Us ing Dos ewa t ch Sof twa r e A.S. F a z ad , M .S.Kha idz i r , I .S.Ami r , N.M .Noor 1M edi cal Phy s i c s Laborator y , Depar tment of Radiolog y , Facul t y of M edi c ine and H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 , Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia. 2 M edi cal Phy s i c s U ni t , H ospi tal Sul tan Abdul Az i z , 434 0 0 , Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia 3Depar tment of Phy s i c s , Facul t y of M edi c ine and H eal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Put ra M alay s ia, 434 0 0 , Se rdang , Se langor , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Pr e gnant women unde r going C omput ed Tomog r aphy ( C T ) s c ans f a c e an inc r e a s ed r i s k of r adi a t ion e xposur e to the f e tus , wi th dos e s abov e 1 0 0 mG y pot ent i a l l y c aus ing ha rmful e ff e c t s such a s or g an ma lfunc t ions or e a r l y -pha s e abor t ion. The ma x imum a l lowabl e dos e for the f e tus i s t ypi c a l l y s e t a t 5 0 mG y to mi t i g a t e s tocha s t i c e ff e c t s . Purpos e : The a im of thi s s tudy i s to e s t abl i sh absorbed dos e to f e tus for pr e gnant pa t i ent s unde r going a C T proc edur e by pe r forming M ont e C a r lo s imul a t ion us ing Dos eWa t ch sof twa r e . The s tudy inc lude s v a r i a t ions in f a c tor s such a s g e s t a t iona l a g e , ma t e rna l pe r ime t e r and f e t a l depth. Me thods : M ont e C a r lo s imul a t ions us ing Dos eWa t ch sof twa r e we r e conduc t ed to e s t ima t e the dos e to f e tus . A tot a l of 2 3 pa t i ent mode l s wi th v a r i a t ions in g e s t a t iona l a g e , ma t e rna l pe r ime t e r , and f e t a l depth we r e us ed. C T s c ans of the C IRS Atom Phantom Adul t F ema l e cov e r ing the abdomina l to pe l v i c r e g ion we r e pe r formed, and the e s t ima t ed dos e to f e tus wa s c a l cul a t ed for e a ch mode l . L ine a r r e g r e s s ion ana l y s i s wa s conduc t ed to ana l y z e the cor r e l a t ion be twe en f e t a l dos e and g e s t a t iona l a g e , ma t e rna l pe r ime t e r , and f e t a l depth. Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The e s t ima t ed f e tus dos e s obt a ined f rom the M ont e C a r lo s imul a t ion us ing Dos eWa t ch sof twa r e r ang ed f rom 5 . 0 1 to 7 . 78 mG y , wi th an a v e r a g e of 6.61 mG y 0 . 1 3 . The r e g r e s s ion ana l y s i s showed tha t the coe ffi c i ent of de t e rmina t ion, (R ) for g e s t a t iona l a g e , ma t e rna l pe r ime t e r and f e t a l depth we r e 0 . 1 3 1 2 , 0 .8592 and 0 . 0 63 7 r e spe c t i v e l y . Fur the rmor e , the f e t a l dos e de c r e a s ed l ine a r l y wi th inc r e a s ing ma t e rna l pe r ime t e r , indi c a t ing s i gnifi c ant l ine a r cor r e l a t ion, ( r = - 0 .92 7 ). H owe v e r , the r e wa s no s i gnifi c ant cor r e l a t ion be twe en g e s t a t iona l a g e and f e t a l dos e ( r = - 0 . 362 ) , a s we l l a s be twe en f e t a l depth and f e t a l dos e , ( r = - 0 . 2 5 3 ). C onc lus ions : The s tudy conc luded tha t the f e tus dos e cor r e l a t ed wi th ma t e rna l pe r ime t e r . Ov e r a l l , the f e t a l dos e s we r e s i gnifi c ant l y lowe r than the cons ensus l e v e l for ne g l i g ibl e r i s k whi ch i s 5 0 mG y for t i s sue r e a c t ion e ff e c t s . Ac knowl edg ement : The author s would l i k e to thank the s t a ff s of M edi c a l Phy s i c s U ni t H ospi t a l Sul t an Abdul Az i z Shah for the i r he lp in compl e t ing thi s s tudy . Ke ywords : C T , Pr e gnant women, F e tus Dos e , M ont e C a r lo s imul a t ion, Dos eWa t ch, C or r e sponding Author : N.M .Noor ; nor ama l i z a@upm. edu.my 1,2 2 3 1,2 2 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #30 Pa t i ent Pos i t ioning Se tup Ve r ifi c a t ion for IMRT of He ad and Ne c k C anc e r Pa t i ent s : A C ompa r a t i v e Ana l y s i s of C ouch De v i a t ion Er ror s Us ing C B C T Zul I s k anda r Joha r i , Nur F a ’ i z ah Ab M uin , Ruk i ah A L a t iff , M uhammad Sa fwan Ahmad F adz i l , Rosmi z an Ahmad Ra z a l i , Nor Ani z a Azmi 1 C ent r e for Diagnos t i c , The rapeut i c and Inv e s t i gat i v e Studi e s ( CODT IS), Facul t y of Heal th Sc i enc e s , U ni v e r s i t i Kebang saan M alay s ia, 5 0 3 0 0 Kuala Lumpur , Wi layah Pe r s e kutuan Kuala Lumpur , 5 0 3 0 0 , M alay s ia. 2 M edi cal Radiat ion Sur v e i l lanc e Di v i s ion, M ini s t r y of Heal th M alay s ia, 62 59 0 Put rajaya, Wi layah Pe r s e kutuan Put rajaya, 62 59 0 , M alay s ia. 3Radiothe rapy and Oncolog y Depar tment , Hospi tal C ans e lor Tuanku M uhr i z , C he ras , Wi layah Pe r s e kutuan Kuala Lumpur , 56 0 0 0 , M alay s ia. Int roduc t ion: Pa t i ent pos i t ioning pl a y s a c ruc i a l rol e in de l i v e r ing pr e c i s e r adi a t ion the r apy to the t a r g e t volume whi l e minimi z ing r adi a t ion dos e to c r i t i c a l s t ruc tur e s . C one -be am comput ed tomog r aphy ( C B C T ) i s a powe r ful ima g ing moda l i t y tha t enabl e s a c cur a t e v e r ifi c a t ion of pa t i ent s e tup dur ing t r e a tment . Purpos e : Thi s r e t rospe c t i v e s tudy a ims to e v a lua t e the me an couch de v i a t ion e r ror s dur ing ima g e - guided v e r ifi c a t ion us ing C B C T in int ens i t y -modul a t ed r adi a t ion the r apy (IM RT ) for pa t i ent s wi th he ad and ne c k c anc e r (HNC ). The pr ima r y obj e c t i v e i s to compa r e the a c cur a c y of pos i t ioning s e tup on the fi r s t da y wi th da i l y and we e k l y ima g ing protocol s . Me thods : The s tudy inc luded 6 0 HNC pa t i ent s who unde rwent IM RT . C B C T ima g e s a cqui r ed throughout the t r e a tment cour s e we r e ana l y z ed to me a sur e couch de v i a t ions unde r thr e e ima g ing protocol s : da y 1 , da i l y , and we e k l y . The a v e r a g e de v i a t ions we r e c a l cul a t ed to de t e rmine the me an couch de v i a t ion e r ror s for e a ch ima g ing protocol . Addi t iona l l y , the da t a we r e us ed to e s t abl i sh the ma r g ins be twe en the c l ini c a l t a r g e t volume and the pl anning t a r g e t volume ( C TV-PTV) for a l l ima g ing protocol s . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The ana l y s i s r e v e a l ed s i gnifi c ant v a r i a t ions in couch de v i a t ion e r ror s among the ima g ing protocol s , pa r t i cul a r l y when compa r ing the me an e r ror s be twe en da y 1 and the da i l y /we e k l y protocol s . The C TV-PTV ma r g ins prov ided v a luabl e ins i ght s into appropr i a t e ma r g in cons ide r a t ions for e a ch protocol . The da i l y and we e k l y ima g ing protocol s demons t r a t ed g r e a t e r a c cur a c y in pa t i ent pos i t ioning , unde r s cor ing the impor t anc e of ongoing ima g e - guided v e r ifi c a t ion. The c a l cul a t ed C TV-PTV ma r g ins wi l l f a c i l i t a t e the opt imi z a t ion of t a r g e t cov e r a g e and the minimi z a t ion of r adi a t ion-induc ed tox i c i t y to he a l thy t i s sue s . C onc lus ions : Thi s s tudy hi ghl i ght s the c r i t i c a l rol e of v e r if y ing pa t i ent pos i t ioning in IM RT for pa t i ent s wi th he ad and ne c k c anc e r us ing C B C T . I t compa r e s the e ff e c t i v ene s s of da y 1 and da i l y /we e k l y ima g ing protocol s , r e v e a l ing the adv ant a g e s of ima g e - guided v e r ifi c a t ion. The de t e rmina t ion of C TV-PTV ma r g ins off e r s guidanc e for t r e a tment pl anning and de l i v e r y , enhanc ing t r e a tment a c cur a c y and improv ing pa t i ent out come s . Ac knowl edg ement : Thi s pape r i s pa r t of a r e s e a r ch ini t i a t i v e suppor t ed by the M ini s t r i e s of He a l th and M ini s t r i e s of Hi ghe r Educ a t ion in M a l a y s i a Ke ywords : he ad and ne c k c anc e r , int ens i t y -modul a t ed r adi a t ion the r apy (IM RT ), pa t i ent pos i t ioning s e tup, ima g e - guided v e r ifi c a t ion, C TV-PTV ma r g in c a l cul a t ion. C or r e sponding Author : Zul I s k anda r Joha r i ; p1 0 9863@s i swa .ukm. edu.my 1,2 3 1 1 3 1 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #31 Denoi s ing Eff e c t s of COVID- 19 Pa t i ent s ' Hi gh-Re solut ion C omput ed Tomog r aphy Ima g e s Us ing the Nonloc a l Me ans (NLM) F il t e r T a snim Alnawa fl eh , Ya smin M D Radz i , M a rwan Al shipl i , Ahmad Alfl aha t 1School of Phy s i c s , U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, M inden, 1 18 0 0 , Penang , M alay s ia; 2 M edi cal Imag ing and Radiog raphy Depar tment , Aqaba U ni v e r s i t y of T e chnolog y , Aqaba, Jordan; 3King Abdul lah I School of G raduat e Studi e s and Sc i ent ifi c Re s ear ch, Pr inc e s s Sumaya U ni v e r s i t y for T e chnolog y , Amman, Jordan. Int roduc t ion: Hi gh- r e solut ion comput ed tomog r aphy (HR C T ) produc e s ima g e s wi th out s t anding pulmona r y de t a i l , ide a l for e v a lua t ing COVID- 19. De spi t e the s i gnifi c ant ima g e noi s e c aus ed by i t s thin s l i c e thi c kne s s , i t prov ide s be t t e r di a gnos t i c informa t ion. Ima g e pos t -proc e s s ing c an e l imina t e diffi cul t i e s such a s noi s e a c cumul a t ion and di s tor t ion dur ing proc e s s ing . Purpos e : Thi s s tudy a ims to r educ e noi s e in HR C T ima g e s for COVID- 19 di s e a s e . Me thods : In thi s r e s e a r ch, 2 5 0 HR C T ima g e s we r e employ ed. Be for e and a f t e r appl y ing the Nonloc a l me ans fi l t e r (NL M ), the s t anda rd de v i a t ion (SD) of the r e g ion of int e r e s t wa s me a sur ed to e v a lua t e noi s e v a lue s in the ima g e . St a t i s t i c a l ana l y s i s by Pa i r ed T - t e s t wa s pe r formed in thi s s tudy to a s s e s s the s i gnifi c anc e of the modifi ed fi l t e r . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: The r e s e a r ch y i e lds impor t ant obs e r v a t ions for enhanc ing the qua l i t y of C T s c ans for COVID- 19 di s e a s e . About ( 2 . 0 2 % ) wa s the r educ t ion pe r c ent a g e in SD v a lue s a f t e r the denoi s ing proc e s s . The s t a t i s t i c a l r e sul t confi rmed tha t the noi s e s i gnifi c ant l y de c r e a s ed (p- v a lue = 0 . 0 2 ). The noi s e wa s cons ide r abl y r educ ed, but the ima g e had l e s s c l a r i t y , l e ading to a blur r y ima g e tha t ma y obs cur e sma l l de t a i l s . C onc lus ions : Thi s s tudy conc lude s tha t adding the nonloc a l me ans fi l t e r s i gnifi c ant l y de c r e a s ed the noi s e l e v e l of the HR C T ima g e s for COVID- 19 di s e a s e . Ke ywords : COVID- 19; COVID- 19; nonloc a l me ans fi l t e r ; C omput ed tomog r aphy ; Ima g e denoi s ing . C or r e sponding Author : T a snim Alnawa fl eh; t a sne emnawa fl eh@y ahoo. com 1 1 2 3 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i

STRENGTHENING RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ABSTRACT : #32 Es t ima t ion of Absorbed Dos e for Yt t r ium-90 SPE C T / C T Studi e s Us ing C omme r c i a li z ed Dos ime t r y Tool Nur Da l i l a M ansor , Pr ema C he l l a y ah , Hi zwan Yahy a , F a t in Ha l im , F adz i l ah Hamz ah and Sy ahi r M ansor 1Depar tment of Nuc l ear M edi c ine , Penang H ospi tal , Jalan Re s idens i , 1 0 99 0 Penang , M alay s ia 2 Ins t i tut Pe rubatan dan Pe r g i g ian T e rmaju, U ni v e r s i t i Sains M alay s ia, 1 3 2 0 0 , Be r tam, Penang , M alay s ia Int roduc t ion: Yt t r ium-9 0 ( Y) i s commonl y us ed for r adi a t ion the r apy such a s r adioembol i z a t ion to t r e a t l i v e r c anc e r . Purpos e : To e v a lua t e the impa c t of v a r ious fi t t ing me thods and pos s ibl e t ime point r educ t ion on the e s t ima t ed absorbed dos e (D) of Y us ing Q. The r a . Me thods : An anthropomorphi c phantom cont a ining lung and l i v e r compa r tment s wi th a 24.8 mm of di ame t e r fi l l abl e sphe r e wa s added wi thin the l i v e r to s imul a t e the l e s ion. The a c t i v i t y conc ent r a t ions of the sphe r e and l i v e r we r e 1 .4 0 M Bq/mL and 0 . 2 3 M Bq/mL , ma k ing up the r a t io of 6: 1 ( sphe r e : l i v e r ). Acqui s i t ions we r e a cqui r ed a t 1 hour (da y 1 ), da y 4, 7 and 1 2 on a G E SPE C T / C T equipped wi th a M E G P col l ima tor and we r e r e cons t ruc t ed us ing 3D-OSEM (4i 1 0 s ) wi th A C , S C , and RR cor r e c t ion for e a ch t ime point ima g e . The D we r e e s t ima t ed di r e c t l y for e a ch VOI r e spe c t i v e l y wi th diff e r ent fi t t ing me thods and r educ ed t ime point s on da y 7 . Re sul t s & Di s cus s ion: An ov e r e s t ima t ion of 5 and 2 1 % of Dl i v e r e s t ima t ion for bi- e xponent i a l and t r ape zoida l fi t t ing me thods r e spe c t i v e l y , r e l a t i v e to mono- e xponent i a l fi t t ing . For the sphe r e , ov e r e s t ima t ion wa s r e corded a t 2 . 5 and 1 1 . 2 5 % for bi- e xponent i a l and t r ape zoida l fi t t ing , r e spe c t i v e l y . Omi t t ing the thi rd ima g ing t ime point ov e r e s t ima t e s the Dl i v e r up to 6.4 % but unde r e s t ima t e s the Dsphe r e by 2 . 5 % for mono- e xponent i a l fi t t ing . Reduc ing the thi rd t ime point for t r ape zoida l fi t t ing suff e r ed an ov e r e s t ima t ion of 9.6 % for the l i v e r and 4. 2 % for the sphe r e . C onc lus ions : The bi- e xponent i a l fi t t ing me thod ha s the l e a s t impa c t on the D wi th r e f e r enc e to mono- e xponent i a l fi t t ing . Reduc ing the t ime point to thr e e ha s minima l impa c t on the D. Ac knowl edg ement : Thi s s tudy wa s suppor t ed by U ni v e r s i t i Sa ins M a l a y s i a unde r the L i v e r - ENRI CH g r ant ( 3 1 1 . C IPPT .41 1988). Ke ywords : Yt t r ium-9 0 , Int e rna l Dos ime t r y , SPE C T / C T 1 1 1 1 1 2 90 90 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES (IC RSS HS 2023) th O i