Miljøvennlig, Økonomisk, Svært Effektiv Energi Ren Teknologi for Fremtiden / Environmentally Friendly, Economical, Highly Efficient Energy Cleantech for the Future

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -19, COMBUSTION

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:
• ✔3e Direct Combustion(DC) of MSW: Here only MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)

type DC is discussed since other feedstock(biomass etc) is already very prevalent as
existing tech
i -Electrical Power production:(Instead of burying trash into landfill), Well
developed technology to specifically handle Waste mix, many in North West
Europe also produces CHP. Sometimes criticized for high NOx/SOs emission,
but in many G7 type level nations it is usually far below regulation
requirement,

• Electrical power generation efficiency is often quite low with 15-20%(eg: emission
& ash reduction focus in Japan), still overall not high: 20-30+ %. Most
conventional large scale combustion system(Stoker & reverse grate: Martin
GmbH, Keppel Seghers, Hitachi Zosen INOVA+), Also of general biomass focus,

• Due to large system existence, some European trash market demand exceeds
supply: Sweden & Germany purchases/imports trash from other EU nations. 、
ii-SRF/RDF: Compressed cube shaped & packaged combustion boiler feedable
trash(Sita UK, BMH Technology+), SRF(Solid Recovered Fuel) has EU standard
based, while RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) can be any burnable waste(NOVAGO+) 101

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -20, TRASH GASIFICATION

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:
• ✔ 3f Gasification: "Value added" combustion with options of making

liquid fuels/chemicals/storage:
i -Conventional type: ■Fluidized Bed 500-600°C low temp & lowest
emission for large industrial operations with ash vitrification(Ebara,
Mitsubishi Hvy), integrated with zero waste cement plant complex CKK
process(Kawasaki Hvy), 、

• ■Coal added to "fudge" efficiency to 32%(JFE), ■Had good growth till
2000s but lost to newer tech competitors recently(Thermo Select+),
■Crop waste sector gets attention(ICM inc, Frontline Bioenergy+)
■Flexible feedstock including coal mix (Energy & Environmental
Research Center, Eisenmann SE+), ■Mid size catering(Kinsei Sangyo,
Energos+), ■Smaller scale or containerized mini community/mining camp
etc WtE gasification-treatment system(Waste to Energy Canada, Ostrand
jp+), ■Ultra High Temperature Gasification/Pyrolysis types are claimed to
be much lower cost but in consistent results so far(Pyromex-PowerHouse
Energy)、
102
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -21, GAS TO LIQUID

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:
✔ 3f Gasification: "Value added" combustion:、

• ii-Sub-SuperCritical Water gasification(SCW) : done quietly since early 1980s in
Japan✔(Mitsubishi Kakoki, Mitsubishi Nagasaki Machinery)(US operators seem to have
gone underground at that time), or recent participation✔(Hydromethan, Gensos nl, Osaka
Gas+): SCW can be more easily turned to liquid fuels, directly, or by reforming. Also a few of
✔marked companies in biomass section of this presentation seem to offer some form of
Hydrothermal combustion of coal while Chinese state companies' in-house system seem to
be leading by combining Coal Water Slurry element(p37,38). On the other hand, across the
board water tech advanced Russia is blocking many innovative academics' much more
disruptive hydrodynamic cavitation related advanced SCW tech, almost no native Russian
commercialization offered? 、

• iii-Complete thermal oxidation: of all organic waste with no emission ie no chimney
needed(Zeros inc/Ste Clark), microplasma link(p106)

• ✔3g Gasification+Reforming/Catalytic conversion to Liquid fuel(GTL: Gas to Liquid),
Methane to gasoline etc: Close relation or often same tech as wood/Coal to liquid fuel:
Succeeding commercialization on & off since 1940s(Germany, Japan+), then extensively in
1960s-90s South Africa: at one time almost all gasoline was made from coal via Fischer–
Tropsch(F-T) process(Sasol+), More recent entry(Accelergy, Fluor, Thyssenkrupp Industrial
Solutions+), Also mini scale operation from 1970s in west with same/similar process for
coal liquefaction or methane to gasoline type process(Shell, Exxon Mobile+): ->> continue

103

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -22, GAS TO LIQUID 2

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:
✔3g GTL - Gas to Liquid: Coal to liquid fuel link:、

• Other after yr2000 commercialization examples: Sasol active outside of S Africa, Large Gas
To Liquid (GTL) refinery: PetroSA. Underground Coal To Liquid process: small scale(Linc
Energy - Carbon Energy, Emerging Fuels Technology+). Sub-SCW & F-T✔(REG
Synthetic fuels+), Most of Coal to Liquid tech(CTL) is Indirect synthesis, ie: ICTL. 、

• China is prioritizing CTL(BRICC 北北京煤化⼯工研究分院-煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司煤化⼯工分
院,. YitaiGroup.com 内蒙古伊泰集团下属公司, Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group ⼭山⻄西晋
城⽆无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 +), also Direct Coal Liquefaction: semi pseudoscience in
western media level(Shenhua Group 神华集团 ,.CCRI 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司,
Yanzhou Mining Group 兖州煤业股份有限公司 +)
Western mainstream media/govn't/NGO generally didn't introduce the tech till around
2012 in connection with biomass related subject.

• Although various GTL techs differ from each other, produced Waste based liquid fuel
become lowest cost fuel in many regions and mildly disruptive(most companies persist in
emphasizing "small scale") & somewhat game changing since this reinforces public
perception it can apply to: a- all organic mass: forest, plant, b- lower cost than conventional
liquid fuel would be widely available since various syngas or methane can be
processed(natural gas, coal gas, CoalBed Methane+):(Enerkem, ThermoChem - Fulcrum
Energy, Biofuels Power, Velocys, CompactGT, +), -->> continue

104

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -23, PLASMA GASIFYING

• ->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:
✔3g GTL - Gas to Liquid:

• Qualifies as largest producer of 2nd gen biofuel as of 2016?- biodiesel left over glycerine
gasification & reforming, i.e. not direct cellulose use(BioMCN), additionally even CO2 as fuel
source(LanzaTech+), GTL tech has support from major Western local governments,
international corporations/mainstream group recently to indicate another official wider
availability of energy source, Small trailer portable device(Maverick Synfuels)、

• ✔3h Less Conventional Gasification or Liquefaction:
i -Hot Plasma Gasification/Gas Cleaning: Original use was high energy use expensive toxin
decomposition or metal recovery from waste, but plasma assisted gasifying becomes cost
competitive. This is now "conventional" plasma tech: widely known key players (Plasco,
Alter NRG -*Westinghouse, Advanced Plasma Power -*Tetronics +), less known successful
installations(*InEnTec, Peat International, CHO Power -*EuroPlasma, BellWeather
Gasification Techonologies, *Phoenix Solutions Co +), Long lasting induction based
electrodeless RF plasma torch(*Applied Plasma Technologies, High Temperature
Technologies Corp -*Tekna Plasma +). * indicates original tech developers 。
ii-Steam Plasma: less fume than hot plasma, much lower CAPEX & OPEX: portable size,
plasma gas is water/steam: more like low energy use SuperCritical water(SCW) based
gasification: Strong oxidizing effect(ie moisture insensitive, no NOx or Dioxin). But mostly
pilot type commercialization as industrial unit since current focus is mostly on full
decomposition rather than fuel generation✔(PlasmaAir AG, Foret Plasma Lab, Strebl
Energy+), Rare energy/gasification focus exists✔(Green Science , Plazarium+)
105

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -24, MICRO PLASMA

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:
✔3h Less Conventional Gasification/Liquefaction: 、

• iii-MicroPlasma: Related to a string of highly economically disruptive effects(Torsion
field)(see p185-8), and Official Western research in dealing with organic material by this
tech is avoided, Effects generated by:
● Rotating Magnetic Field( Экология ECOUOM+), linked to Motional Electric Field
possibly with gravity and ambient electricity generator effect(p267 k)
● Rotating Electrode(НАУЧНО — ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫЙ ЦЕНТР «ПЛАЗЕР»+),
● Self running alternating magnetic field oxygen treating PyroMagnetic Furnace waste-to-
energy decomposer(ZeroMozJapan, T.H. ELEMA ENG. CO, Jimdoシンエイメタルテック+

• Gasification is quite effective but that part is not commercialized, Minor heat
utilization from trash "incineration". Some PyroMagnetic Furnace is completely self
running & no exhaust/chimney with no outside power needed, & pseudoscientized but
has useful effects like radiation remediation(p259) or torsion field(p165-197),
decomposes dioxin even process generates only 300-400°C heat: generally uncovered
by academics.、

• Currently commercialized focus is for mostly fertilizer generation, complete organic
trash decomposition down to magnetized ash with almost no exhaust fume(indoor
use ok). Ash has uncommon bioenhancing effects. This microplasma effect for non-
organic matter(metal) is more widely used(Bmax+) but overall still ignored tech.

106

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -25, COLD PLASMA(CP)

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY WASTE: ✔3h Unconventional Gasification/Liquefaction: 、
• iv-Cold Plasma(CP)/NonThermal Plasma(NTP)/NonEquilibrium Plasma gas

reforming-cleaning-gasification(Electric/plasma arc discharge/Dielectric Barrier
Discharge etc in water): Usually for wastewater, Unlike hot plasma, CP has ionization in
electron only and not in molecules(little or no thermal motion/pressure: non-equilibrium):
and can accompany nonlinear oscillations & other anomalous Torsion field/resonance/
Electrohydraulic type effects. Very low power use, less fume than hot plasma, usually
lower cost process than any mainstream equivalent methods(except occasionally SCW
methods, see below),: Usually container/trailer portable gasification
system✔(MagneGas, TopLine Energy, AdaptiveArc, FabGroups - HydroQuebec+), Both
solid & liquid waste✔(Enersol Technologies, Xfuels+), GlidArc use:(PowerCan 200, Mill
Hand Thailand+), *note CP effects are in process of being accepted into Western
acceptance, *MagneGas seem to demonstrate HHO Gas(p126-132) like quality while
being made from wastewater, also their lab data shows "over-unity energy release" effects.

• v-Sub-SuperCritical Water(SCW)/Thermal liquefaction-depolymerization(above either
374°C or Pressure 221bar-22.1Mpa- 3250psi[221times sea level], technically anything
over 100°C with ambient pressure or higher is for "sub", but usually lot closer to SCW
level: Highly potent and can gasify/liquify/decompose any organic matter at low cost
✔(Biomass Technology Group BV, GreatPoint Energy, AltacaEnerji, Earth Wind & Fire
Technologies+), Or can make biochar or value added 5-HMF (HydroxyMethylFurfural)
✔(AVA-CO2+), *(✔indicates Sub/SuperCritical Water related tech) -->cont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada 107

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -26, SUPERCRITICAL W.

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:
✔3h Less Conventional Gasifying/Liquefaction: v Sub-SuperCritical Water(SCW): 、

• SCW and cold plasma tech is fully science approved, yet has disruptive efficiency in many
applications, Often use of catalysis(KOH, K2CO3, Ni etc). Need accurate temperature & time control
to maximize liquid fuel recovery instead of decomposition into water & CO2 etc. Energy generation
application is treated extremely low key & rarely covered at mainstream level. Only mainstream SCW
for energy use is as turbine rotation medium. 、

• A high profile company operated in early times but rather strangely lost large $, or entire industry
suddenly drops SCW process en mass with no clear explanation (Changing World Technologies,
Dozen mainstream companies in Japan in early yr2000)(For details see water tech report [click here]
and search "ORGANO"), Yet re-surging quietly in mainstream Japan: eg sewage water sludge
superheated steam gasification✔(Meta Water, Chugoku Denryoku+), Also used for AD pretreatment
of solid or liquid waste (Gekkeikan+), Oil industry can benefit by SCWcracking: previously
impractical tars, low grade bitumen - oil sand - extra heavy crude oil upgrading with possibly most
effective EOR, or Refinery Residue Upgrading/cracking/visbreaking with little to no coke
remaining(Inhibit asphaltene polymerization):✔(JOGMEC+)also drastically cut cost of Synthetic
Crude Oil(SCO) production(no diluent use) to enable low cost pipeline transportation、

• Wet Air Oxidation is used for WasteWater treatment: regular municipal, industrial, oil industry
caustic water etc. Slightly different from & more "primitive" mechanics than SubCritical water process
by use of bubbling reactor to inject oxygen/air with lower pressure than SubCritical water
method, also generates slightly higher amount of emission(still minimum), ✔(Veolia Water Athos,
Bertrams ch, Wetox nz, Merichem - Kenox+), Used as pretreatment✔(Granit Technologies SA+),
but note many SCW oxidation (SCWO) process also injects oxygen.、
108

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -27, LANDFILL GAS

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE: ✔3h Unconventional Gasifying/
Liquefying:、

• ■ Also lab success exists, of cellulose liquefaction with Phenol, Glycerol, Butane
etc as SuperCritical medium. 、

• vi-Catalytic Depolymerization(or might rely partially on hydrothermal
process)(Greenbase Sepadu, Green Power Inc, Alphakat, Nexxoil, BFCC -
Biodiesel Technologies s.r.o, Mercurius Biofuels+), seemingly low cost &
effective, possibly even simpler than SCW. Almost completely ignored by
mainstream West.、

• vii-Super low cost Solar Thermal use Gasification(Al Weimer+), 109
viii-Molten metal gasification method: Steam is also injected to work like
supercritical water reaction as low cost disruptive tech ✔(HydroMax
Diversified Energy+), pilot plant(Ze-Gen), Hydrogen production only with
water & organic material ✔(Western Hydrogen+), ix-Some unique type of
Pyrolysis can be price competitive if byproduct is profitable(Pyrolyzer
Spirajoule+), 1MW scale system(Джулинда Технолоджи+): From small
residential furnace to commercial sizes Pyrolysis share in heat generation is
higher in CIS nations than most of west -->> cont:

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -28, LANDFILL GAS 2

• -->> cont; •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE:、
✔3i Landfill Gas(LFG): 50%+ of LFG is recoverable methane,
generated by oxygenless anaerobic decomposition of buried organic
waste. Although energy production is negligible as a whole macro
scale(eg UK deemed 6TWh/yr level, 0.2% of entire power needs), if
consider toxic gas removal process as cost, then LFG becomes
significant "free" energy in local landfill area. Also at some locations it
becomes lowest cost energy as is. Methane carbon footprint reduction
has various incentives & benefits.

• UK, US, Canada leads in energy recovery from Landfill Gas:(Cambrian
Energy, Viridor, DTE Biomass, CLP Envirogas, Infinis, Republic
Services, LFG Technologies, Biffa, Progressive Waste, Ener-G+). At
those most advanced nations, it is deemed overall 15-50% of methane
gas is recovered for power generation: eg UK is does recovery at 80%
of landfill sites as flared or power/heat production, with 50-70% of that
is actually used for power generation combustion, Continental Europe
& Australia is active(Green Gas International BV, Landfill Gas
Industries+) -->> cont:
110

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -29, LANDFILL GAS 3

• -->cont: •3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE: ✔3i Landfill Gas(LFG):、
• Fair portion of gas is let off as flaring(burning) even there is LFG

management system in place(Hofstetter BV, GC Environmental,
Comcor Environmental +), Some small old landfill sites can also
recover energy (Deponigas ApS+), Much higher utilization % at large
landfills, Power generation needs proper gas filtering of siloxane, H2S
etc(Unison Solutions, Xebec, PpTek, SulfaCHAR, Prodeval +),
recovery around 30-35% range with large majority Reciprocating
Engine special flexible power generator(Siloxa AG, GE Jenbacher -
Clarke-Energy+), 1MW+ capacity(can produce more than 1MW per
hr) type system can use Gas Turbine, a few add CHP for higher
recovery, or profitable Landfill gas to liquid fuel is a pilot+ level
commercialization(Renovare Fuels, Velocys+)

• Note: Current waste disposal on land fill is close to none in Germany,
Netherlands, Sweden etc, more 3-5 nations with 5% range: those
nations are not focused on LFG recovery as future energy source.
111
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -30, ALGAE

• •4 OTHER BIOMASS,: ✔4a Oil bearing Algae: Mainstream groups emphasizes price
parity is far away, but some of pilot type commercialization/full commercialization
product seems to be lowest cost in some selected cases while cost is coming down
rapidly: α-LOW COST ELEMENTS: its high caloric content, order(s) of magnitude
higher oil yield per growth area than many biofuel crops, or artificial indoor
farming(Solazyme+) with efficient-fast-economical & easy harvestability-processing,
outdoor system types utilize unproductive sun exposed warm land, might prefer
human-undesired quality water(waste, toxic, sea/brackish)、

• β-PROCESSING EASE: Most of utilized algae have no lignin & very little cellulose
content, processing is mainly to do with algae lysing(what happens if electroporation
effect is used?) which is far simpler & lower cost than other biofuels even with
conventional treatment methods. Extraction process after initial biocrude stage can
be fit to conventional petroleum type processing system which reduces cost, also
gives refineries control of pricing in case biocrude becomes much lower cost: non
distruptability during energy cost reduction steps : eg Sapphire Energy vs Tesoro,
Phillips 66, Algae.tec + Algenol vs Reliance Industries, Cellana vs Neste, Solazyme
Industrials with own refinery.、

• γ-COST DERIVATIVES DEPEND ON VALUE ADDING FACTOR: Becomes lowest cost
fuel if processing is done at locations with high cost energy availability, or fuel portion
within algae oil grade separation can be cost-adjusted with higher priced separated
grades from the same run: eg fuel grade vs higher value Omega3 etc -->> continue

112

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -31, ALGAE 2
• -->>cont: •4 OTHER BIOMASS: ✔4a Oil bearing Algae:、
• Some companies are making vaguely or clearly defined commercialized offering

(Abca BioSolutions Pvt, UniVerve, Qeshm Microalgae Biorefinery BAYA fuel,
TereGroup, Bio Fuel Systems SA+), Notable recent cautional public remarks
amongst producers since 2014 about commercialization, especially in US. 、

• Some works in conjunction with waste water cleaning & CO2 sequestration as
algae growth "fertilizer", when this cost is considered(carbon credit), it becomes
lowest cost fuel in most places(also in some cases it would net some energy
availability after water processing)(MBD Energy, Algae Enterprises, Ennesys+),
Possibly ignored in mainstream due to super low cost High Rate Algae Pond tech
✔(NIWA - Solray Energy nz - Muradel Oil), Easy low cost fast process by recovering
oil/pellet/briquettes for steady production(Algae-Industries.com), also enhanced
algae growth by CO2 feeding in microbubble/nanobubble(Perlemax+)

• Additionally one can say cost is naturally low since they utilize well known lowest
cost processing actions(amongst experts) but such processes(below 1 & 2) are still
under-utilized in other fuel making or agriculture processes: 1-naturally all plant
enhancing CO2 feeding, 2- Sub-Supercritical water type treatment(some use it in
addition to or exclusively algae cell wall degrading oil extraction by enzymatic/
chemical/ultrasonic/supercritical CO2 or alcohol/electroporation-electric pulse etc
methods).
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada 113

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -32, PEAT

• -->> cont: •4 OTHER BIOMASS:、
✔4b Peat: Overall severely underharvested except locally overharvested Ireland &
Baltic sea region: consumption against growth is negligible. As a renewal resource
level, it is recoverable worldwide at very least 120-150million tons/yr
(2010-13ave world production 40million). Even by carbon tests showing of
annual peat growth of 0.7-2.8mm with "massive overproduction"at Baltics, Near city
area North America & Europe in last 70-150yrs+, either peat growth is higher than
mainstream accepted figure or so is recoverable volume in these region, or both.

• Also at some large peat resource nations it is almost completely unused or not
even officially listed(Congo, Brazil, Papua New Guinea+), Bog-Wetland &
Extreme North conservation movement is helping to stop peat from entering into
world fuel market(also this might successfully prevent land Gas Hydrate extraction) .

• But if Peat is considered non-renewable as ruling Western mainstream group
claims(mainly American led group is overriding mainly European lobby like IPCC
that calls peat green fuel) actual world Peat volume availability is similar to Coal
reserve but much cleaner fuel, which would cause severe overflooding of energy
supply to trigger disruptions in energy pricing & infrastructure if fully exploited.
-->> continue

114

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

NEW PERSPECTIVE - “LOWEST COST” ENERGY
FROM VAST BIOMASS -33, PEAT 2

• -->> cont: •4 OTHER BIOMASS: ✔4b Peat:
Hence seemingly for various political & economical lobby reasons it is currently not
harvested to even close to the capacity, or used for other purposes even if peat is usually
lowest cost fuel available eg two by far the largest world resource holder Canada, Russia
at 1/20 level harvesting against growth
• Higher margin gained when sold as Growing Media for exports(Latvia[Laflora lv+],
Estonia[Sangla Peat AS+], Lithuania[Rekyva+]+), Almost all production goes to
Horticultural or other industrial related markets (Canada[Lambert Peat Moss, Sun Gro
Horticulture, Earth Care Products SPHAG SORB+], Germany[Klasmann-Deilmann+],
UK[Northern Peat & Moss Company+]+), Often 2nd largest world Peat producer nation
Sweden is mainly(but not mostly) for local energy use(Söderenergi, Svenska Cellulosa
Aktiebolaget+), also Finnish backed group involvement there(Neova bioenergi),

• Although revenue is lower than growth media use, fair portion produced for
fuel(Ireland[Bord na Móna]+), Share with garden market use & specifically as stove
briquettes(Ukraine[Volyntorf+], Belarus[Торфобрикетный завод Лидский+],
Russia[ЗАО "ВяткаТорф"+]+), Sometimes subsidized(higher margin to sell to
garden substrate market) to secure large volume electricity generation(Russia,
Finland[6% of total power is peat, 35% world peat production share][Vapo Oy,
Turveruukki Oy - Oulun Energia, Kuopion energia, Vaskiluoto Voima+], 50%+ in
some regional power generation, can reduce SO2 emission of coal when mixed), Some
small production nations are using peat exclusively for fuel/electricity generation on
local basis(less than million ton/yr)(Indonesia, Rwanda[HQpower Rwanda], Brundi+)

115

OCCASIONALLY “LOWEST COST” ENERGY:
CLEAN UNDER-UTILIZED METHANE

• ■ Under-Utilized Methane
Unconventional extraction method of regular Natural Gas: Unclear differentiation from
existing Natural Gas. Magnitude of supply volume seems to far exceed existing reserve of
conventional hydrocarbon hence highlighted here as occasionally lower cost energy

• ●1 Methane Hydrate-Clathrate/Gas Hydrate: Confirmed to be located mostly either
offshore near continental shelf area ocean bottom, or Permafrost land underground in
polar regions(Messoyakha gas field: Gazprom Neft: only publicly known full time large
volume operation), or in high altitude permafrost region(Qiangtang Basin China+). Also
about 160times as dense natural gas storage with -20C(INPEX+), Crystalized Methane
combined with water in specific geometric form, as mantle derived methane surfacing
into ocean/near surface is trapped in water under high pressure and low temperature.
This ice like formation can remain so under pressure at substantially above 0°C
temperature(mainstream approved idea). Recoverable accumulation is so far found to be
100m to several kilometres thick.

• General mainstream consensus available volume at least exceeds entire conventional
hydrocarbon resources(some "economically incorrect science" use nations such as
China/Russia projects order[s] of magnitude higher). Highly disruptive information as this
can undermine profitable "peak oil" appeal & cause overflooding of energy market if
extracted in mass. Although current test overall production cost is higher than Natural
Gas from deep ocean, land base extraction can be already on par or lower due to
shallowness, & this will likely easily go lowest cost in high fuel cost regions as full
operation occurs: -->> continue
116

OCCASIONALLY “LOWEST COST” ENERGY:
CLEAN UNDER-UTILIZED METHANE -2

• -->> cont: ■ Under-Utilized Methane : ●1 Methane Hydrate-Clathrate/Gas Hydrate:
• Most of gas hydrate or a portion of ocean bottom hydrate can use conventional drilling

& extraction related methods, No need for economically & environmentally expensive
fracking, Shallower depth than many natural gas wells: depth is 100m+ range in Arctic,
500m+ in other regions etc, land or water. But so far indication is drilling might
need to be moved to nearby area quicker than regular gas wells if based on
existing technology - if same tech is used higher cost? Studying the past track
record shows, if exploiting this resource is important to mainstream group they would
usually come up with "revolutionary" new technology in few years (eg fracking for
Shale oil or deep well developing methods etc.). Currently officially applied or tested
main methods are Thermal injection(hot water/steam), Depressurization, & CO2
replacement methods etc.

• Temporal wells: Ignik Sikumi(US), Mallik(Canada), Atsumi Peninsula 400m off Coast
(Japan), Permanent types;(Mount Elbert)(US), all negligible production volume
(0.01million m3/day range): Some of known participators: ConocoPhillips, BP,
Vnnigaz Gazprom «Газпром ВНИИГАЗ», Oil and Natural Gas Corporation of India,
GNS Science, German gas hydrate initiative, ⽇日本メタンハイドレート調査 JMH, JAPEX ⽯石油資
源開発, ⼴广州海海洋地质调查局, 中国地质调查局, Gas Hydrate R&D
Organization. Also smaller private operators participation: Hydrate Resources
Corporation+
117
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

OCCASIONALLY “LOWEST COST” ENERGY:
CLEAN UNDER-UTILIZED METHANE -3

• -->> cont: ■ Under-Utilized Methane :
• ●2 Coalbed Methane(CBM)/Coal Seam Gas(CSG): Started as coal mine de-gasification

program for safety in 1980s in US. Natural gas contained in highly porous coal molecule
structure & seams in relation to bacterial action/generation(speed of CH4 production
seem to widely vary by conditions), also fair volume of Methane would be additionally
produced by injecting CO2 into the coal bed which bacteria reduces (removing oxygen)
to Methane for future yield(Golding-Rudolph-Esterle+): (see Abiotic oil p275-280)

• As of 2014 close to 2% volume of Natural gas production world wide with US is more
than its 80% share, helped by government back up. Mainstream western media's CBM
availability idea is often about 1/20-100 of Natural gas volume reserve, but full
scientific consensus projects rather on par volume with conventional Natural Gas:
Western media often quotes fringe segment of mainstream that ignores massive oil &
other hydrocarbon availability world wide at publicly known & less known sites in order
to still advocate peak oil idea.

• Natural gas would be likely gradually shift to CBM in the future as main gas source. CBM
promoters emphasize on it is able to stop methane escaping for carbon foot print
reduction, or gas is actually overall even less emission(sweet gas) containing than
conventionally extracted natural gas, while preventor groups focus on repeat of fracking
water issue etc. -->> cont

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OCCASIONALLY “LOWEST COST” ENERGY:
CLEAN UNDER-UTILIZED METHANE -4

• ->> cont: ■ Under-Utilized Methane :●2 Coalbed Methane(CBM)/Coal Seam Gas(CSG):

• Some new production areas would be lower cost than existing energy source despite
extra water handling issue: Much shallower depth etc. Different types of technology (eg
altered type hydraulic fracturing is already used in Australia) might be needed to fully tap
its potential:

• Main coal reserve nations have large potential: i.e. US(ConocoPhillips, Consol Energy,
Bill Barrett Corporation+), Canada(Ember Resources, BP Canada+), Australia(QGC Pty -
Shell, Arrow Energy+), Russia is less likely to develop major volume soon given current
large production of Natural gas(Газпром промгаз Gazprom Promgaz+), Germany: their
definition of CBM & CMM(Coal Mine Methane) is mixed as a large portion of it comes
from closed coal mines(STEAG New Energies+), India(Essar+), China is likely to have
most incentive to develop in mid term with strong state involvement(PetroChina, China
United Coalbed Methane Corporation - 中联煤层⽓气有限责任公司
+), while some privates attempt to expand(Green Dragon Gas, AAG Energy+)

• ●3 Coal Mine Methane: When coal is mined, methane is emitted & vented as hazard, but
not recovered when yield was inconsistent or mix of other air(20-60% CH4) etc, but now
this "free energy" is starting to get recovered more - this also makes the gas lowest cost in
some situations(Energy Developments, GreenGas International BV, Shanxi Jincheng
Anthracite Coal Mining Group Co Ltd / ⼭山⻄西晋城⽆无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司+). Often
CMM doesn't include high consistently yield methane streams because it becomes its
own well.
119

MAINSTREAM “PSEUDOSCIENTIFIC
FREE ENERGY” CLAIMS

• Senior Western scientists followed academic protocol for peer review
1-LENR-Cold fusion: Low Energy Nuclear Reaction -1989, Heat generates as H2
(hydrogen) in water interacts with catalyst(Ni-nickel, Pd-palladium etc) at electrolysis
when stimulus applied(heat, current, resonance+)(Pons, Fleischmann), Unexplainable
side effects: of helium produced(partly similar to nuclear fusion) but very minute
neutron/tritium/x-ray, and no gamma ray
2-Cavitation: Micro bubble fusion / Sonoluminescence / Acoustic-ultrasonic cavitation
— 2002, Extract energy from imploding & light emitting bubble in liquid by acoustic
wave excitation, “Semi science legal” mechanics(Taleyarkan et al+)

• ■ Both linked via “solid state fusion” phenomena elements
■ Many repeated previous mainstream claims(LENR since 1925, Cavitation 1978, but
above were observed by “top mainstream scientists” triggered first serious review、

• ■ Mainstream fusion: some systems cost hundreds of million$+/yr(also p145-147)
-ICF: Inertial Confinement(US National Ignition Facility+)
-MCF: Magnetic Confinement(ITER- Tokamak, 30+ others) 、
■ LENR & Cavitation quickly “proven false”, “No results” fusion$ criticized, yet “COP>1”
Hydrodynamic + Sonic Cavitation was already commercialized in Ex-soviet
nations(p136) and scientists win national invention award(Kazakhstan+ : V Kuchin+) 120

ACADEMIA'S LENR-CAVITATION
-VS- INVENTOR TECH

• ■ Similar physics law breaking mechanics & “anomalies” both at LENR-Cavitation &
inventor techs, but latter more openly admit
■ Past main academics explain related mechanics(Webb, Kelvin, TJJ See, Dirac, Faraday,
Whittaker, W Crookes, Poynting, Loschmidt, Kaluza, Maxwell, Myshkin+)
■ Corporate & Gov't project whistle blower inventor types including gravity field
propulsion(Bushman, Car Rosin, Rob Wood, W Pawalek, J Black,McCandlish, D Morris+)

• ■ LENR-Cavitation both seem to have similarity to inventor tech. As of 2016, some of
their scientists still ignore inventor type tech believing there is no validity in non
academic peer reviewed data while increasing number is suspecting its link.
■ But almost all of following pages’ inventor type techs were investigated in depth or
developed & a few commercialized(eg Potapov, Mustafayev+) by Russian/ex-Soviet
university/institute academic: significant diversity allowed unlike West(many worry about
no future promotion, not getting grant, or sometimes even losing job when openly
discuss outside of set narrative in scientific "indisputable facts" or even geopolitical info)

• Science in Russia even in Soviet times, while data access from West was often
restricted, was generally more free than West including less compartmentalization.
But Soviets banned genetics, cybernetics(mind control link, deemed classified), &
non-marxist philosophy/economics by reasoning “bourgeois pseudoscience”.
Sociological data was also falsified/classified for counter intel purpose against West 121

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
1,2 AMBIENT ELECTRICITY & BACK EMF
• Micro sized private/commercialized use, often multiple mechanics devised by
single inventor: most of following 1-11+ category has 100+ inventors claims、
1-Non-moving coil - Radiant energy/Ambient Electricity Inducer(Chernetski,
Hendershot, Tesla, Baumann,Craig, Hyde,Thrapp,Adams,Gritskevitch, Moray, J
Murray, Hartmann, Flynn, SE Jones & Kraut, DL Smith, Perez-Torres, PJ Kelly+), Often
transformer like setting of pair(s) of coils with Magnet/Ferromagnetic core or Bifilar
coil in specific position against EM field(opposing, orthogonal+), or Configured to
trigger resonance, or some are simple RLC circuit type, with separate source & load
batteries in circuit. Might involve high voltage + no electricity (p165-179, Relation to
Scalar “wave”, Radionics, Antigravity-:Godin, “Gene altering”: Lu Bürgin+),

• Less disruptive micro electricity generation "out of nothing" has been discussed by
academics particularly in non-Western nations. This reporting is selectively ignored
& debunked by western scholar and science media(p16-22, p28-30, p32-34): eg
Generation of electricity from limitless thermal motion of ions across a two
dimensional silicon surface at room temperature(Guoan Tai+) - can make "solarless
cell"

• After repeated & on-going demo mainstream debunking in 2016
Commercialization started: Steorn Orbo, but this multi-yr operation company
swiftly closed down after
122
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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
1,2 AMBIENT ELECTRICITY & BACK EMF 2

• -->>1-non moving coil Ambient, 2-“Magnetic Motor”:
2-“Magnetic Motor”- often Counter ElectroMotive Force(CEMF)(Back EMF) in DC
Motor Harnessed (TechnoKontrol TK Omega RF5000: Ant Romero),
Others(Watson, Schappelle, Kawai, Reed, Heins, Ide, Parendev, Roshcin, Kenyon,Tracy,
Tewari, Reed, Christie & Brit, Steinmetz, Ward, Sumaruck+), This is more disruptive
version of mere CEMF reduction(Chr Wanlas+) tech. Gravity effect involved(Cyr
Davson & Kar Schappeller+), Used as a part of circuit as high performance all around
Power Factor Correction device(works for current lag, waveform distortion, harmonic
issues, works for AC power)(Roto Verter: H Torrez+), but actually many devices in this
category functions as "battery power factor corrector" by "optimizing" battery
performance、
Often spin of magnet imbedded rotor(can be DC pulse timed: Torsion field;
p165-197), similar to monopole magnet(Fauble),which in itself rather simple to
make(Seike+) but still pseudoscience, while gradually academic level report is
allowed to publish(Tatara & Takeuchi+), Cold electricity(supercurrent) harvest by
causing Townsend discharge/Electron avalanche breakdown in open air(Magratten),

• Can cause weather change(Dav Wells+), EMF by electron spin at static magnetic field
by time-varying magnetization in magnetic tunnel junction(zinc-blende-structured
MnAs nanomagnet: Pham Nam Hai +) -->>cont:、
123
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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
1,2 AMBIENT ELECTRICITY & BACK EMF 3

• -->>1-non moving coil Ambient, 2-“Magnetic Motor”:
➢ Common in 1&2: Often separate source power & charge battery/
capacitor used, Some need external power. Bypassing regular “self-
cancel dipole power circuit” in order to keep asymmetry & electron
flow, Energy output exceeds input when reach threshold level, 、

• ➢ Often claimed anomaly in 1: mix of Regular & Cold electricity:
(Obolensky+),
●“Electron Vortex” idea: a-Ball lightning as its manifestation,
b-Electrons can be in vortex form by default(Tewari+),
c-Tesla Coil as electron vortex generator,
●Positive & Reverse energy: Bulb lights up in water, White light,
Rapid battery charge, Fix some dead batteries, Can be single
wire(Zenneck wave relation?, also see p175) & wireless connection,
Voltage with 0 current(easy excuse to call it invalid/mistake since
only resistance is measured but no current is measured), Invisible
force radiates -->>cont:

124

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
1,2 AMBIENT ELECTRICITY & BACK EMF 4

• -->>1-non moving coil Ambient, 2-“Magnetic Motor”:、
●Device transforms/extracts ambient-thermal energy as electricity in
endothermic form from environment: Absorbs heat(instead of regular
electricity's dissipating heat), Device can go below 0°C, Scalar "wave"
link(p165-179), Cone-toroid-pyramid shape circuit seems to help, Often
capacitor based high DC voltage pulse trigger, Spark gap, Intentional
spike/ferroresonance (choking effect, also can happens when reg current is
switched off) starts rapid inflow: sort of like dielectric breakdown. Seems to
coincide with Electrical Resonance but more than just impedances cancel
each other out: something extra "comes in". Industrial size ambient
electricity production seems to link to phenomena that is currently under-
researched by regular electricity use mainstream power electronics:
resonance/harmonics/spike etc.(though these mainstream power factor
correction is mainly about AC current, and power generation here is DC)

• ●Transverse wave vs Longitudinal wave - “negative entropy”(negative
resistor: Ga Kron+), Macro equivalent of 100%+ quantum efficiency by
multiple-exciton/electron effect

125

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 3 HHO, OXYHYDROGEN GAS
• 3-“Overunity” H2-HHO-Brown’s gas production(Klein, Zigorous, Lawton, F Wells, A Blue, Rhodes,
Ste Ryan, Raju, Pantone,Pacheco, S Chambers, Kanarev, Y Brown, Gre Vezina, Eaton+),
Commercialization fully exists mainly as on-board Hydrogen/HHO generator for combustion
enhancing to match maximum limit in Faraday's laws of electrolysis level: mostly scaled down
10-25% gas saver(eg HHO HFS Pty, WaterToGas, Hydrotechnix, HodPros, CVHHO: 200+
companies), Water emulsion fuel combo(Cynergi Holding SA+). North American mainstream
market targeters are finally starting from Canada with 15-20% range saving while a few still
stick to vague tech explanation(Blutip Power, Empire Hydrogen, dynaCERT, Innovative
Hydrogen+).

• Generally HHO devices produce slightly more overall saving than no maintenance needed often
super low cost/low Capex-Opex Magnetic fuel treatment(Multimag pl, Fuelmax lv,
MAGNETIZAGUA SYLOCIMOL +), Rare German TÜV passed 15% fuel saving(even if official narrative
is pseudoscience)(Maratech ag TiziCALOR), Quietly selling to Fortune1000 type major corps' large
scale industrial application(Maxsys Fuel System+) with 5%+ saving.

• Same level low cost FarInfraRed(FIR) wave emitting nano ceramic in oil additive(Ceramic Power
Liquid+), or FIR solid state device placed in gas tank(Moletech biz+), micro EM field/FIR wave of
certain "form" by layers of different electrical potential minerals to augment combustion (Nanotech-
beam SatoCompany+), Vortex intake air flow based fuel saver with 5million+ units sold
claims(Hiclone qld): above non HHO devices seem to be minor 5-15% range cost reduction at best,
but some evidence of further saving when combined. More minor 3-5% level saving Plasma induced
improved aerodynamics(Plasma Stream),. Yet even 10%+ saving fuel additive is still wholly
pseudoscientized or ignored by "trusted" Western Mainstream media/NGO/Gov't for consumer
market(many non-west Govn't approved) while increasingly used by industrial operations(Mazoil
Maz Nitro+) -->>cont with HHO devices: 126

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 3 HHO, OXYHYDROGEN GAS 2

• Until quite recently, openly explained HHO effects at mainstream level used to get
debunked & companies went out of business in N. America(CHEC hydrogen+),
while they have been getting mainstream support in Europe(h2gogo,
Creoproject+). Now ELSEVIER accepts academic report that claims HHO gas is saving
50% gas at HCCL (Homogeneous charge compression ignition) engine - e.g."A new
technology to overcome the limits of HCCI engine through fuel modification"(BW
Bahng+)

• Huge price gap with same quality: Non-western major corp. involved(Norinco+), Rare
30-60%+ saving claims, some standing wave use(Shinko-Trans, Giriraj Electronics,
Watergas.nu+): last company also claims resonance use low cost Hydrocabon
production(also see p294-299), Even 2% saving is “impossible” in Mainstream West:
“cannot save fuel by making ‘fuel’ from running engine”, due to “unbreakable universal
law”(p161-164), Saltwater Hydrodynamic cavitation based HHO gas production self
sustaining engine combustion process(Ric Aho+)

• ■ Typical auto “HHO fuel cell": 12V powered 6-7 flat stainless steel plates per “stack”,
+- unseparated electrolyzer, assisted by EFIE(electronic fuel injection enhancer),
PWM(pulse width modulator), MAP(manifold absolute pressure sensor), Distilled water
+ KOH electrolyte, Gas “bubbler” etc, -->>cont:

127

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 3 HHO, OXYHYDROGEN GAS 3

• ■ So far “water only run car”(ie overt Faraday law violation) type services
never continue operation(Boyce, Rasmussen, B Williams, S Meyer, Pantone+). But
this research finds exceptions: one company's water generator claim matches
with numerous historical characteristic expression of actual tech and might not be
fraud(GDS technologies Canada), and finally core western mainstream linked
group is quietly launching potentially super efficient similar resonance chamber
based hydrogen production(Joi Scientific: T Kennedy & R Koeneman)

• ■ 100% water run cars aren’t really by electrolysis?- eg: ●Sympathetic resonance of
entire set with standing wave(similar effect with molecular hydrogen in a LENR
patent[Airbus]), ●Dielectric breakdown of water occurs at some level, ●Cold
electricity by high voltage capacitor spark trigger(p122-125), ●Resonating cylinder
cavity(p139,140), ●Plate gap <1mm, ●Venturi/vortex air or water mist sucked in at
intake(0 energy use), ●Magnetizing gas/water, ●Cavitation, ●Oscillating EM field
etc, ●Some even prefer deposits on electrode(S Cramton+), ●0 electricity/0
electrolyte use: radio waves etc:
• Water often seems to decompose by something else rather than by energy:
"information?", Hydrogen bond angle altered?(J Ellis+), Ambient energy used
to loosen bonds?, Also link seems to exist with LENR-Cold Fusion &
Sonoluminescence Cavitation(M King+), -->>cont:

128

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 3 HHO, OXYHYDROGEN GAS 4

• ■ HHO related water anomalies: High voltage pulsed water can explode:
overunity like & strange phenomena generating Electron Charge Cluster(A
Ilyanok+), similar Shock Electrodialysis(M Bazant, RM Crooks+), Plasma
discharge in SuperCritical Water(Kaz Terashima+), Electrohydraulic
Effect(insufficiently explained by mainstream: Graneau, Verdoold+):
Desalination effect, Generates EM field, double cavitation shockwaves,
ultrasound, ultraviolet, x-ray, Significantly increase rock-soil-peat
nutrient(Cifanskis+) & water permeability to plants, Instantly alter metal
structure, Bonding dissimilar materials, Chemical catalyst+ (Yutkin, Bekaev+),
• It's used for precision high end manufacturing(eg Bmax, Fujico CPC
process, Trakonta - Траконта +), or from industrial rock to kidney stone
crushing etc. For other possibly torsion field related similar effect to
above, see ●iv Rotating Magnetic Field at p190-193.
• Other HHO related anomalies: Radioactivity remediation(V Roth+), More
energy than available gas(And Michrowski+), “Vitalized” water+. --
>>cont:

129

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 3 HHO, OXYHYDROGEN GAS 5

• ■ Range of unconventional effects: Not really hydrogen;
Water with extra H2 bond or electrons?; Burns in vacuum or
underwater(no air intake/exit), Burns sprayed liquid water in
open air(linked to Electric arc has more power in mist/water
than in air[Frungel+]),

• Adheres to matter, Pressured back to water, Heavier than
air(hydrogen is much ligher) - can be poured(G Wiseman+),

• Flame is electrical plasma rather than burning, High
powered laser like effect with far lower input: makes
metal rust resistant/glazes concrete(eg Best Korea
Brown+), Cold flame 130-280°C (no bond breaks unlike
when H2 burns at 2000°C+), Direct flame doesn’t boil water(B
& T Lang+), -->>cont:
130

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 3 HHO, OXYHYDROGEN GAS 6

• -->>cont: Direct flame doesn't even boil water:、
■ But Incinerates at 1600°C, Vaporizes Tungsten(3400°C): burns at
subatomic level? Nuclei Superdeformation link?- Ormus
connection?(p208-222),
• Disrupts molecule bond(electron breaks off water molecule at
matter reaction causing heat(Eckman+), Implodes in pure
form(Suartt, Knudston+), Mix is Explosive: HHO+H2: can call
hydroxy/oxy-hydrogen, 、
Much higher quality & almost fumeless faster metal cut +
alien matter welding, surface cleaning, ampoule filling
etc(Epoch Energy+), “Improved version” of Injection/Water
Shield/Steam Plasma cutting,

• This is similar to Pulsed arc Water Plasma(Мультиплаз-
Multiplaz) effects. Far more gas produced than H2 by same
energy, hence much lower cost. -->>cont:
131

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 3 HHO, OXYHYDROGEN GAS 7

• ■ Mix well with most conventional liquid & gas fuels in industrial boiler-
furnace(eg Aquygen+)+: Cut emission(50-85%+, less effective on NOx),
Engine & exhaust system cleaner(eg E&E HHO+), more power,

• ■ Rare but consistent claims of water only run cars(S Meyer, Dingle,
Cornish,Yogev, Garret, Leaich, Estevel, Waqar Ahmed, Valentin, Mohd Ali, Abd
Shukor, M Suematsu, Khan, P Lowrie, Rusetel, Bordeianu, Ghu Sarwar, TP
Edirisinghe, Purushottam Pipaliya, Ric Azevedo +), varied mechanics, some can
run with dirty water, most insist on resonance as key element.
• Sub form; “acoustic vibe” claim Ohmasa Gas: clustered HHO”, Flame 700°C,
Liquid at -180°C(O2:-183°C H2:-240°C), Higher fuel cell performance than H2?
Little risk of explosion, Can run combustion engine in vacuum/space, Easy
low cost <10kg/cm2 or 143psi storage, Larger molecule ie less leaking,
same indication from SG Gas,

• Even more rare methods of overunity H2 or HHO gas making claim that are
lab tested- eg: No catalyst applied optical pump excited UV radiation
treatment of water vapor in resonant cavity(Leslie Reach) etc. Some
stronger 3rd world gov'ts(eg India, Pakistan+) of not debunking this & other
"free energy" tech(eg The Economic Times - Tewari - Kirloskar Electric).

132

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 4 COLD PLASMA PULSE

• 4-Plasma or “Virtual power” Inducer-Exploder-Imploder with
inert/noble gas/water inside(Papp, Britt, Rohner, Ke Rauen, Ray,
Correa, Clem, Pantone, Schaeffer, Neil, Valkinburg+):

• Vacuum-Ambient energy, EM pulse, or some resonating thrust power
extracted in a container/engine/cavity, to exert power with or without
moving parts, Vortex energy?, Joe Cell link(Booker, P Stevens+),
Einstein had initial Reich’s Orgone energy(anomalous effect
accompanied micro current & electric field self generation by specific
combination of conductor & dielectric material) confirmation but
stopped(Mallove+),

• Often MHD/LMMHD (Liquid Metal) resembled mechanics: some
kind of ionization/excitation/plasmafication of inert gas is
involved. Exact mix ratio of Water/Air/Steam/Oil/ or various Noble
gases is used as “energy substrate” in closed container, Also
“activated Nitrogen” can be used?(RJ Strutt+), -->>cont:

133

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 4 COLD PLASMA PULSE 2

• -a Often works as rapid compress-expand cycle pulse(also
ionized noble/inert gas emits bio enhancing light/scalar type &
EM waves simultaneously:J Jirard, Or Fitz+) in sealed or
pressured fuel less engine setup: ion oscillated, triggered
plasma energy from Zeropoint field? Electron Charge
Cluster(oxymoron)?, But electrons attracting each other at
superconductivity state is science legal(Cooper pair+), LENR-
Cavitation-HHO link(K Shoulders, Jin, Fox+),

• -b Use of extra “non linearity” type power just like happens
with water hammer-cavitation in steam/water system?, Usually
this phenomena causes design to be adjusted or use extra
energy to eliminate the effect,

• -c Some have mutli-layered resonant cylinder: collect “power”
& send to engine
134
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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
5 COMPRESSED/VORTEX AIR & WATER

• 5-Some Air Vacuum/Compressed Air or Steam Engine,
Temperature Gap Amplified (Heat)Energy Exchanger/Vortex
Tube/Hydrodynamic Cavitation Heater, Hydraulic pumps claim
occasional “perpetual motion” depended on run(Ler Rogers,
Frenette, Minto, Davey, Yeter, Pope, Eskeli, Cahill, R Meyers, Truitt,
Willimczik, Tesla, Hill, Karimov, Troyan, Von Platen, Azarov, Alexeiv,
Obadan, Potapov+), a few are consistently overunity,

• Similar to 4 without plasma, Often involves abrupt change in cavity,
(pressure<->vacuum: air flow - some oscillates, temperature,
evaporation, reheating released cold air), System is low maintenance
with less moving parts, Ambient heat converted to mechanical
motion(Ke Rauen+), Anomalous “gap” in energy used vs harvested
to break LOTD (Low Of Thermo Dynamics)? Also if calculated airflow
kinetic energy recovery of some devices, it breaks Benz Law:
SheerWind-INVELOX (Allaei). Can involve steam or venturi, -->cont:

135

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
5 COMPRESSED/VORTEX AIR & WATER 2

• —>>continued-5-Compress air-Hydrodynamic Cavitation: ■

Active full commercialization: Disguised but practically free either power generation or
hot water(eg FlowGroup), COP>1 heaters: Ion Heater(Stafor+), Similar results with Vortex
Induction Boiler(Юрле-К Yurle), Vacuum Radiator(Отопление-ГВС.РФ). ■

Cavitation/Hydrosonic devices: eg Fisonic(pump resonated by geometric two flow mix,
similar to Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube), Warmbotruff, Graviton-M, ДЭВА Dewa Pulse etc
(spinning rotor/water to pulse) feature overunity pressure or heat, Western based
companies also claim(Cavitation Energy Systems+), but most of them no longer publicize
it(Hydro Dynamics, ECOP Wärmepumpe+), Space type use “superconductive” heat pipe:
eg Qu Tube (NASA),

• ■ COP ISSUE: But when efficiency is measured based on affected area(eg COP on Flash
Evaporation Cooling), commonly sold air conditioning-fridge-heat pump efficiency
goes COP>3(300%) as “official common sense”, some 6 or 7: This area seems highly
fudged under a disguise of "ambient energy" and energy generation link seems to be
avoided by mainstream, while electric power based mainstream group produced
MAGNETOCALORIC refrigerator(Cooltech Applications+) might have same level of
overunity efficiency, Also note there has been a same tech refrigerator commercial ready
announcement by mainstream Japanese companies since 2006 but will they be finally
allowed to put it on market?- Toshiba, Chubu Electric[COP 4+]+). All of these effects seem
to be fudged to justify Thermodynamic 2nd law(or its interpretation)with selectively
applied incoherent logic: this category 5 techs seem to include conversion of this
overunity into continuos mechanical motion. -->>cont:
136

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
5 COMPRESSED/VORTEX AIR & WATER 3

• ->>cont.-5-Air Vacuum/Compressed Air Engine, Heat Exchanger etc on
overunity element

• ■ Technically, if COP>5 heat device is combined-looped with already
existing >20% efficiency Solid state heat-to-electricity recovery device,
then it would end up creating "energy out of nothing": ThermoElectric,
ThermoAcoustic, ThermoPhotoVoltaic etc(p42-50)

• ■ Same way as in heat pumps, another overunity Population Inversion(Thz
Ultrafast EM Pulse link, E Paspalakis+) is also openly "allowed" by LOTD;
in Laser(Optical Cavity Resonance: OCR) it is even precondition and OCR
standing wave based Free Electron Laser can accompany Superradiance
("collectiveness over unity"), but again power generation by such
element use is mostly mainstream avoided. What if we call magnetic
motor as "Magneto Thermodynamic Population Inversion"?

• ■ ”Advanced No-leak” Hydraulic Ram(TG Allen[Hydrautomat],
Kutienkov+/no incoming water pressure) water lifter, used in mainstream
till 1930s -->>cont:
137
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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
5 COMPRESSED/VORTEX AIR & WATER 4

• ->>cont.-5-Air Vacuum/Compressed Air Engine, Heat Exchanger etc on
overunity element

• Deemed by some as part of core mechanics in category-5
A-“Temperature gap of outside device vs thermodynamic pressure vortex
cycle inside”, “1st & 2nd LOTD contradiction”, “Perpetual motion of second
kind” effects, эффект Крапивина (Krapivina effect), Mainstream in Russian
physics(Smenkovsky, Kosinov, Filippov, Tsyolkovskiy, Oparin, Yakovlev,
Lazarev, Buynov, AV Shubnikov+), others(Kondepudi+).

• If it is Thomson Effect, why compressed heated air released & cooler than pre-
inserted temperature?, COP>1 by “Compressed air + heat created”. Kinetic
energy by ambient heat & pressure(S Robertson, J Scott, Lindemann+), At
right pressure & geometry, overunity steam heat/pressure is norm(Sychikov+)

• B-”Unseen energy” tends to “show up” or flow from low or negative pressure,
voltage etc to high, or at vortex outer to centre(Schauberger, H Iijima+): these
long debunked claims are finally starting to be mainstream approved as
Rotational Superradiance in water vortex. Vortex flow or rapid ambience gap
sneaks in vacuum energy by “leaking through“ space?

138

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
6 REACTIONLESS DRIVE

• 6-Some of Reactionless, Propellantless Drive tech claims overunity effect:
Shawyer(EM Drive - China Academy of Space Technology: CAST), He Serrano,
Menshikov, Tajmar, Gui Fetta(Cannae drive: Cannae Inc-NASA), also NASA claims
part of laser in resonance chamber seems to travel superluminally - producing
"warp bubble"? - Linked to Time Dilation, Ath Nassikas(Superconducting Thruster,
works only at <70K, no fuel needed like Hall Thruster), Ro Cook, BR Thornson,
Shipov etc(Inertia Drive by off centre rotator, not overunity); all witnessed by
numerous physicists/engineers multiple of times: so semi commercialized while
still pseudscientized or "controversial-ized" at the same time - could this be another
model for LENR commercialization?

• Scissoring Gyro, Geometric wave Resonator Cavity(EM) or pulsing against space,
Standing wave resonance accompanies. Also related Ambient noise use
microwave domain resonance based Electrical Soliton Oscillator(soliton is pulse
like wave propagate in water-plasma-optical fibre etc with maintained shape,
balancing nonlinearity & dispersion on Nonlinear Transmission Line[NLTL]) is self
starting and self sustaining(D Ricketts+). Research participators are inventors +
space agencies + private contractor mix, not academics. -->>cont:

139

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE ENERGY
6 REACTIONLESS DRIVE 2

• Matter can move with no external input when asymmetric momentum of
virtual photon enables vacuum to generate a net directional force(Al
Feigel+), while mainstream approved Magneto Optic Effect shows different
energy level depends on circular polarized light's spin direction(asymmetrical/
non-reciprocal effect): Faraday Rotation. Mechanics Using “vacuum
fluctuations of virtual plasma”? = Zeropoint Energy(ZPE), Electrokinetic force?,

• ■ Additionally “pseudoscientific” by breaking conservation of momentum
“law”: Propulsion by asymmetry(unbalanced forces) of geometry cavity or
magnetic field flow.

• ■ Also directly links to other inventor type free energy mechanics or vacuum
energy extraction theoretical modelling(Da Cole, R Forward+), like
Cavity Quantum ElectroDynamics(drives quantum computer), Stochastic
ElectroDynamics (allows quantum effect on classical environment: room temp
superconductivity, or Scalar wave relation[p165-179] etc),、
Mainstream Western institutions like NASA got results on it, major effort by
mainstream media/blog for debunking

140

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 7GRAVITY BASE

• 7-Gravity or Centrifugal Force + Magnet(motor)(Dal Simpson, Ren
Ribeiro, Ewert, Cha Campbell, J Bedini, Rutowski, V Milkovic,
AlKhooss, Ucros, PK Raghuprasad+), Practical some large size various
models exist(eg 20x7x10m piston type) but no open
commercialization.

• Requires precision: timing, weight balance, some by “gravity
shielding”, Also SMOT - Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy model(G
Watson, Finsrud+) type “perpetual motion” in closed loop displayed
but low cost energy generator is currently impractical,

• Also rather rare Gravitational Induction in Form of Electricity-(H
William Wallace, ME Boyd+) similar to ambient energy
extraction(p122-125)

141

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 8 H2O>50% EMULSION FUEL

• 8-Some Hydrocarbon-Water Emulsion Fuel Techs claim 50 to
almost 100% of H2O as fuel, i.e. water burns, not mere disperser/
atomizer: C+H2O --> CO+H2, or HHO Cavitation/HHO tech link(Pillai,
Dellschau, R Gunnerman, VS Afanasyev, Capra, Franch, Enricht, Al
Globus, Cottell, Chambrin, Kurata, Hommoh, Baranov+), Diesel is
easier, Often produced on site, not pre-made, Some can be also used
as catalyst, Rare high level academic claimed photocatalytic &
nanobubble infusion based emulsion itself causes CO(reduced CO2)
& H2 mix to be "copied" to hydrocarbon(Tad Imanaka, p276,277).

• Active full commercialization is limited to low end level 50-75%

water mix (eg Fukai Soken, Eneco-hd+), Some superior tech

companies attempt mainstream penetration with 50% range water

mix product & abruptly change course(Next Alternative inc+), 30%+

emission cut - less effective than HHO(p126-142), -->>cont: 142

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY 8 H2O>50% EMULSION FUEL 2

• ->>cont.-8- Hydrocarbon - Water Emulsion Fuel:
■ Emulsion is well funded academic research for almost all relevant
applications(except almost non-existent for emulsion fuel in most of
west). Discrete large corporate/diesel backing/own development: Kawasaki
Hvy, NYK etc. Less discrete: Caterpillar has been most openly active in
sponsoring emulsion fuel including paradigm changing "pseudoscientific
range 50%+ water" types which was retracted from market quickly: A-55(R
Gunnerman). Rare event for major Fortune 500 corporate to involve.

• Actually this inventor also produced 70-80% water version, with requirement
to engine modification- but this engine design issue comes back to
numerous engineer inventions with 50-200%+ more efficient engines that
are shelved: see p41 - major mainstream research void area. And from
Gunnerman invention lineage, only Gas+Oil mix 10% fuel saving new
composite fuel was commercialize fully(Advanced Refining Concepts). --
>>cont:

143

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“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY 8 H2O>50% EMULSION FUEL 3

• ->>cont.-8- Hydrocarbon - Water Emulsion Fuel:
Various combo mechanics for fuel making, Sometimes differ from science legal
emulsion:、
➢ Mechanical: ●High pressure, ●Nanobubble, ●Sonic & Hydrodynamic
Cavitation (venturi, including high pressure homogenizer) & spraying, ●Simply
repeating emulsion process with each time 50% water addition with same
combustion power per unit, ●Sub-SuperCritical water treatment based “instant”
emulsion(water becomes superlow dielectric constant to easily mix with
non-polar solvent), ●Acoustic, ●Often seems to be one step double emulsion
Water-in-oil-in-water(w/o/w), (o/w/o), or Gas in water in oil(g/w/o), (g/o/w) -
even multiple types, 、
➢ EM wave: ●Magnetization, ●Electrolysis, ●Resonance, ●Lenard Effect, ●Torsion
“information wave”, ●Rotating Magnetic Field, ●FIR irradiation or emitting
ceramic, ●Photo excitation/photocatalysis
➢ Others: ●Minerals, ●Plant polymer or some kind of nano-micelle(Tannic acid,
Saponin mix+), ●Bioceramic process, ●Water-fuel bonder,

• Some claim direct water-fuel co-feeding, or ”transmute” water to fuel, 144

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 9 ANEUTRONIC & REG FUSION

• 9-Super Compact Fusion: Dense Plasma Focus/Lawrenceville Plasma
Physics(Lerner), Infra cost 0.1% of mainstream fusion, no radiation, use Boron, no H2
isotope, Inventor tech link, US Navy backing, Almost mainstream, Experimental success
results since ’09, yet difficulty getting funds, Other aneutronic fusion: Bussard- EMC2
success shelved?, Russia involved private US company big name funded Tri Alpha:
really only 0.5milli second sustained fusion?,

• Long sustained fusion including conventional thermonuclear with suspected possibility
for Net Energy Gain(Max Planck Institute: Wendelstein 7-X[uses combined mobius
strip like Stellarator], Lockheed Martin- Farnsworth link, B Maglich: Migma cell,
Chinese Institute of Physical Science: Experimental Advanced Superconducting
Tokamak+),

• Official Energy Positive: National Ignition Facility(NIF US) in 2014 is often quoted as first
time ever, but JAERI/JAEA(Japan)/Hitachi/Toshiba had repeatable & sustainable
practically Q=1.25 success at ITER JT-60 since 1998 but often interpreted as invalid
due to actual tritium was not used. Improved JT-60SA(inductive coil, longer pulse) is
officially under construction since 2013 till 2019(as of Feb 2016 still 10% incomplete)
-->>cont:

145

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 9 ANEUTRONIC & REG FUSION2

• -->>cont: 9-Super Compact Fusion: JAERI/JAEA:
Note new JAERI/JAEA system is being built to test how long it can gain
energy continuously with how much more than Q>1.25, not to test whether if
it can produce more energy than input. European JET had unofficial success
in 2004? but then shutdown for major upgrades...

• Considering Western mainstream debunking/selective ignoring of
overwhelming accumulating evidence of economically disruptive non
mainstream LENR or Fusion like mechanics since 1925, even Huemul
Project(R Richter) in 1950s Argentina could have also achieved Q>1 fusion?

• Other types with large funding are not reported to have net energy gain:
Various magetized types etc. Even home made sustained fusion itself can be
made, particularly low powered super compact Fusors(Farnsworth invention),
(Jam Edwards, Ta Wilson+). Other types: eg Dusty Nano Fusion(Gyö Egely)+
-->cont:

146

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 9 ANEUTRONIC & REG FUSION3

• -->>cont: 9-Super Compact Fusion: JAERI/JAEA:、
Also given various anomalous pseudoscientific effects often claimed at
fusion, & continuing very expensive funding of largely non-performing
thermonuclear fusion projects at facilities, it might be possible to
speculate fusion research is partially or mainly involving unofficial
other types of experimentation by testing various high powered
rotating plasma/non-neural plasma type effects(exaggerated effect of
rotating lights[which might cause time dilation] or microplasma,
rotating magnetic field[p191,192]) : "manipulation of spacetime
fabric".

• Miniature version of CERN LHC capability(informally confirms extra-

dimension portal but refers to be only by collision[Mik Lamont+], not

by rotation)(Aref'eva & Volovich, also other non Western nations'

mainstream scientists admit, while Western peers deny)? 147

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 10 FLOATING AIR + GRAVITY

• 10-Underwater Air Buoyancy Power Generator, “Pneumohydraulic” Engine:(J
Kwok, GM Singh, Ribero, Dobrokhotov, Grigoriev, Schrade, Elistratov, W Travis,
Spiteri-Sargent+)Often large sized 5-30m Water tank(s) in hight, Repeat cycles of air
container floating- sinking(Air input at the bottom, which floats up & release air at
the top, then weight causes container to sink by gravity),

• Other types include air floatation mechanism use water pump to generate water fall
- under which water turbine is placed for power generation etc. Energy output-
input ratio 3 to 20:1, Air heating/cooling or compression-expansion elements might
be involved, or ambient energy sneaks in like compressed air engines?

• Non western mainstream endorsed; Science legal except its over-unity, even ultra
mainstream Energy Globe Award winning!(Gozo-Spiteri below), this news is
naturally completely ignored along with similar prior examples by main media/
academia/enviro NGOs, presumably due to economy/business consideration
background, but even left out by many “free energy” research groups. This
mechanics’ claims are far less attempted compared to other “utterly science illegal”
techs, Active commercialization & pilot projects(eg Rosch Innovations, Spiteri-
Wasserpumpe+) -->>cont:
148

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 11 OTHERS AMBIENCE TYPES

• 11- Other mechanics don’t fit to 1 to 10 category; Less replicated, some
science legal(also p16-33): Ambience types:
a-Crystal/geometry/pyramid electro inducer (Trawoeger, Grandics+),
b-Graphene & Carbon nanotube(CNT) generator,
c-Alpha Voltaics: α-particle emitter isotope cell(M Meyer, Mace+),
d-Negative Static Resistance Self Oscillator(Sweet+), Electrical Soliton Oscillator
(D Ricketts+), Gyrator or Negative Impedance Converter can to generate
power(T Kuipere, Gra Gunderson+),

• e-EM wave to power converter & charge battery, often Barium Titanate
use(DeGeus, M Reid+), f- Aerial static-ground current flow extractor/Ambient
Electrostatic Motor(Lea, Britten, Matchett, Plauson+), “illegal” version of tree/
earth only battery or atmospheric electricity extraction, g-Self heating
resonating or electricity amplifying solid or layered ceramic(Win Lambertson+),
h-Given # of “free energy” claims by plasma, vortex, cavity resonance, pulse,
flow dynamics, too few MHD claims(Gritskevitch+): classified for weather mod/
space weapon/air-liquid flow & shockwave control(JP Petit+)? -->>cont:

149

linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada

“INVENTOR PSEUDO SCIENCE” FREE
ENERGY- 11 OTHERS WATER TYPES

• —>Cont 11- Other mechanics:
Water types: *some of below are mainstream academic virtually approved*
a-Instant H2(also p45-46): Sealed inert gas chamber with Amalgam-
Alluminium based alloy(ER Anderson), Ceramic membrane(Bakhir), Monopole
magnet (Ehrenhaft), Nano Geometric shape Aluminium (S Khanna*+) +, b-
Urine (NH2)2CO or Saltwater Na++Cl-+ H2O “overunity" gas(Gamgee+),

• c-Sun light using 24hr working battery: ci-Galvanic-corrosion-overunity water
cell(Cater+), “self charge-separation” water effect, unlike most Water Powered
Clocks, cii-Bat Gen: Melanine based photo-electrochemical self-renewable
cell(Solis-Herera),

• d-Magnesium-saltwater battery charger(Greenivative Super G-Mag),
e-Hydrodynamic cavitation electrical generator(Grander+), f-10,000volt
Lenard Effect(Kelvin*+)- linked to ElectroHydroDynamic Electrospray aerosol
charge & ElectroScavenge - ElectroFreezing effect based weather
modification, g-Resonance water pump(Bentley, Bellocq,
Dickinson+) gauges more water lifting than energy applied, h-Magnetic-
vacuum water freezer/boiler at room temp.(I Siegel+)
150