Book_ForFlip

PROGRAM • CHALLENGES
45.

program

HOTEL / LIVING UNITS theater Strip front
entrance / south front
apprx. 600 - 1200 rooms entertainment dominant corner

avg. 625 sf - 1000 sf gaming unblocked
program
GAMING

40,000 - 80,000 sf

THEATER

apprx. 30,000 - 60,000 sf

RESTAURANTS / NIGHTCLUB gardens open
green space
apprx. 30,000 - 40,000 sf relaxation /
spa unify
FITNESS / SPA / GARDEN spaces

apprx. 30,000 sf

H20 TREATMENT / GREENHOUSE

apprx. 30,000 sf

living / hotel connecting Ab
towers voids

46. Diagrams showing potential
programmatic layout per site

influences

challenges

110 1. Temperature Control
(Heating / Cooling)
100 RECORD extremities show need
HIGH for thermal regulation 2. Light
90 (Direct, Indirect, Filtration,
DESIGN
80 HIGH Below Ground)
AVG.
70 HIGH 3. Structure
MEAN (Unity, Strength,
AVG. Material Efficiency)
LOW
DESIGN 4. Air Quality
LOW (Air Exchange)

RECORD 5. Water
LOW (Capture, Store, Filtration,

COMFORT Cycle, Reuse)
60 ZONE
1
Y USE50 LEGEND
sources 40
30

20

ENERGY ON THE STRIP10 wind can be directed for
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC air quality and thermal regulation

The Strip is, without a doubt, a high THE STRIP Maximum L .V . water is a scarce resource
consumer of energy and water. USES 7 Wind Speed RECEIVES in the desert of las vegas
ABOUT 4IN
Although casinos have taken steps PERCENT OF L .V . OF RAINFALL
to reduce total consumption, there THE CITY’S IS 90 %
is an opportunity to further reduce RELIANT ON YEARLY 2
impact through closed-loop cycles WATER WATER FROM
and systems designed with biomimic LAKE MEAD
ideals
EAST
WEST

10% HOURS 3 6. Experience
(Delight, Awareness,
All Months 1 Sensory Perception, Circulation)

47.

architectural precedents

Urban Oasis Mexico Hotel

by Influx Studios by LAVA

48.

“The Gate” Residences Cultural Campus

by Vincent Callebaut in Ismailia, Egypt

49.

casino/resort evolution 1

1940 Low rise motel centered on main casino, 1980
surrounded by spacious ground & pool
theater, restaurants, surface parking lot
1st GENERATION CASINO / RESORT

1960

2nd GENERATION CASINO / RESORT

Hotel tower over vast, low-rise building
with casino, theater, restaurants, etc.

pool integrated into complex; surface lots
visitors assumed to drive, not walk

50.

Y-shaped, large hotel towers over vast Integrated towers: hotel / residential.
low-rise building. Added entertainment Integrated underground use.
program: lounges, retail, nightclub, spa. Low emphasis on gaming.

Shift to parking garage. Closed loop cycles. Resource efficiency.
Strip Frontage and pedestrian access. Shift away from “self referentialism”

3rd GENERATION CASINO / RESORT BIOMIMETIC CASINO / RESORT

2000 2020

TODAY

4th GENERATION CASINO / RESORT

Large towers over vast, low-rise.
Non gaming equal to gaming. Shift to
entertainment, especially nightclubs

Condos, residential towers on site.

51.

concept
exploration

52.

APPLICATION • ANALYSIS •
IMAGE STUDIES

53.

bio-application

There are various methods for applying biomimetics in architecture Top 3 Applications
- which have potential to challenge or oppose one another. Thus, one
must impose hierarchal value to the numerous applications in order to of Biomimetics in Architecture

articulate which methods will take precedence throughout the design 1. Operationally
process.
2. Structurally
The goal of applying biomimicry is to achieve a typology of architecture
that exceeds current sustiainable standards. The effort aims to sustain (or 3. Anthropically
move towards developing) mutualistic relationships between humans, the
built environment, and the natural environment (versus effort to sustain or

prioritize one over the others). This concept informs the hierarchal value

given to the various applications.

Applying biomimetics operationally entails the utilization of efficient users
and closed-loop systems, maximizing resource efficiency, and powering
systems on renewable energy (especially solar) as often as possible. mutualistic mutualistic mutualistic
Applying biomimetics structurally ensures the duration of the architecture
and, thus, the internal systems, while applying biomimetics anthropically built natural
acknowledges the users as the nutrients of the ecosystem as a whole - environment environment
focusing on comfort and psychological relations. It elevates the relationship
of the user to its environment, rather than solely the intrinsic value of the mutualistic
environment (both built and natural).

54.

PSYCHOLOGICALLY

AESTHETICS ANTHROPICALLY SOCIALLY INTERNAL
FACADE PROGRAMMATICALLY RELATIONSHIPS
MATERIALITY
STRUCTURALLY BIOMIMETICS APPLIED EXTERNAL
TO ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION

PERFORMANCE WASTE RECYCLING SYMBOLICALLY

WATER

OPERATIONALLY INPUTS/OUTPUTS HUMIDITY ENERGY USE
CONTROL
(RESOURCES)

SYSTEMS HVAC DIRECT APPLICATION
LIGHTING 2ND DEGREE
3RD DEGREE
INTENDED APPLICATION

55.

program analysis

HOW CAN OPERATING HOURS BE ADJUSTED TO MAXIMIZE SPACE EFFICIENCY?

CURRNT PROGRAM ALLOTMENT

SPACE 1 SERVICE (CLEAN, LAUNDER)

SPACE 2 SLEEP SLEEP
SPACE 3 PLAY LATE NIGHT PLAY LATE NIGHT
ENTERTAIN
SPACE 4

SPACE 5 RELAX | PLAY | GATHER
SPACE 6 EAT

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CLOSED LOOP PROGRAM ALLOTMENT

SPACE 1 SLEEP SERVICE (CLEAN) RELAX SLEEP
HOW CAN OPERATING HOURS PLAY LATE NIGHT
SPACE 2 PLAY LATE NIGHT EAT BE ADJUSTED TO MAXIMIZE SPACE EFFICIENCY? ENTERTAIN

SPACE 3 LOUNGE RELAX | PLAY | GATHER

56. 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
00 01

OPERATING HOURS

HOW CAN OPERATING HOURS BE ADJUSTED TO MAXIMIZE SPACE EFFICIENCY?

CURRNT PROGRAM ALLOTMENT

SPACE 1 SERVICE (CLEAN, LAUNDER)

SPACE 2 SLEEP SLEEP
SPACE 3 PLAY LATE NIGHT PLAY LATE NIGHT
ENTERTAIN
SPACE 4

SPACE 5 RELAX | PLAY | GATHER
SPACE 6 EAT

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CLOSED LOOP PROGRAM ALLOTMENT

SPACE 1 SLEEP SERVICE (CLEAN) RELAX SLEEP
SPACE 2 PLAY LATE NIGHT EAT RELAX | PLAY | GATHER PLAY LATE NIGHT
SPACE 3 LOUNGE ENTERTAIN

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

OPERATING HOURS

CAN SPACES FORM CLOSED PROGRAMMATIC LOOPS
SO AS TO MINIMIZE WASTED SPACE?

57.

image studies

The image studies a few naturally
occuring patterns in nature - in
particular, the Fibonacci Sequence
(like the spiral of the seashell) and
voronoi patterns (the structure of
a dragonfy wing).

There are many cases in which
these patterns occur, and are often
fit to function (i.e. maximizing
resources).

58.

The image studies continues the
investigation of naturally occuring
patterns.

The image focuses on the study of
the Fibonacci Sequence, as in the
case of the tree branches or the
pinecone or succulent plant.

Again the sequence is formed to
maximize resources (i.e. light) and
allow for continual growth.

59.

biomimetic architecture

THE ECOSYSTEM
APPROACH 1

emergent full sun The ecosystem approach aims
layer to incorporate the delicate
relationships between various
upper organisms of a single region -
canopy recognizing both mutualistic
main relationships as well as degrees
canopy of competition among the
lower various organisms.
canopy
(understory) In the ecosystem approach,
layers are crucial to success.
shrub Similarities allow for relationships
layer and shared resources, while
forest floor dense shade differences allow for separation
and the opportunity to conserve
resources more efficiently.

60.

AS ECOSYSTEM 1

emergent
layer

-living units
-ample light

understory

-dsternusceture
-midrises

lower canopy

-dense program

herbaceous

-parks, ponds,
walkways

ground cover

-transportation / movement

root layer

-i.e. water systems

61.

biomimetic response

1. GO UNDERGROUND 2. BRING RESOURCES DOWN 3. ADJUST FOR 4. ABOVE GROUND PROGRAM
CHANGING CONDITIONS
In hot climates, organisms Underground organisms find Organisms above the ground
may use the ground (~55°) to ways to channel resources to Organisms and ecosystems may take shelter under other
maintain homeostatic thermal where they are needed (like can respond and adapt to organisms to stay protected
comfort. light and ventilation). alternating external conditions, from harsh conditions.

The desert fox hides in a The “window plant” channels Some flowers like the daylily The giraffe is protected from
burrow to stay protected from light through its above-ground open / close daily in response the sun by utilizing the canopy’s
the harsh desert conditions. leaves to its bulb that lies to exteral conditions. shade.
inches below the surface.

62.

TO PROJECT CHALLENGES

5. EMERGING PROGRAM 6. FORMING UNITY 7. ADAPTING TO SITE 8. WATER CYCLE

Other organisms may emerge Even dissimilar organisms form Organisms and ecosystems are place Closed loop cycles are important to
or compete to utilize necessary symbiotic relationships : specific and are shaped by location any ecosystem - directing, collecting,
resources. mutualistic, commensalistic, or conditions. storing, filtering, and redistributing
parasitic. for use.

Many trees emerge through Hermit crabs use discarded The bird’s beak has adapted overtime Cactus ridges direct water to where
forest thickness to maximize shells as protection for their to its location and external variables. it can be stored for later use.
sun/light exposure soft bodies, thus using an oth-
erwise wasted material.

63.

a biomimetic
resort

64.

DESIGNING
A SUSTAINABLE LAS VEGAS

65.





programmatic organization

2. 4. PROGRAM :
1. 2.
- HOTEL
3. UNDER THE CANOPY - RESIDENTIAL UNITS
- GREENHOUSES / WATER
4. 5.
6. FILTRATION
- GARDEN / VEGETATION
- OUTDOOR POOL
- GAMING
- NIGHTCLUB
- THEATER
- RETAIL
- RESTAURANTS & BARS
- HOTEL SERVICES
- BACK OF HOUSE
- MECHANICAL / WATER

STORAGE

1. Having a pool on site allows 3. “Blossom” cores utilize the 5. Towers emerge for sunlight
for evaporative cooling and venturi effect1 to aid air but share light through

higher humidity levels into lower, interior spaces their full-height atriums

2. Ponds are part of the water 4. ‘Green’ areas are limited 6. Plazas sink down to bring
filtration system and can due to the desert climate. people into underground

house various fish that then They are primarily under spaces which are more

are given to the restaurants the canopies and primariy thermally controlled.

on site within the greenhouses.

RESTAURANT Glass hotel tower and
residential tower double
GAMING KITCHEN as structural cores

THEATER RESTAURANT Climate responsive facade
STAGE of triangulated panels opens
and closes as needed
NIGHTCLUB
Primary Canopy structure
NIGHTCLUB ENTRY/ RESTAURANT also provides framework
OUTDOORS LOBBY PATIO for facade above and skin
150 below
RETAIL
TiO2 coated “smog eating”
0 50 FRP panel skin monitors
air quality and provides
FLOORPLAN: GROUND -1 an organic aesthetic

GAMING Greenhouses are vent-
ilated & heated per need;
PLAZA THEATER BACK OF used for vegetation and
HOUSE water filtration

SERVICES Public spaces are moved
underground to maintain
NIGHTCLUB BACK OF MWEACTHEARNSICTOARL/AGE homeostasis, even during
HOUSE extreme temperatures

0 50 150 The sloped plazas and
elevated walkways are
FLOORPLAN: GROUND -2 inspired by continuity of
cell structure

0 25 50

AVERAGE TOWER FLOOR

fit to function

The function of ‘skin’ is crucial to an organism’s survival.
Here, ‘skin’ is formed by a couple definitive needs: continuity; rigid
structure; maximum light penetration for greenhouses; maximum
surface area of canopy; and adaptive response to changing climatic
conditions.
The structure yielded a framework from which the other two sublayers
could pattern.
The bottom layer is composed of FRP panels coated in titanium dioxide,
a chemical shown to cancel pollution, thus yielding cleaner air with a
byproduct of water and small amounts of calcium nitrate. The increased
surface area of the canopy allows for more coating and more pollution
combat.

openings maximize light over greenhouses
while maximizing surface area as a whole

Due to extremity in conditions, an adaptive facde needed to forumulated
to allow for ideal conditions in each extreme.

ADAPTIVE FACADE OPENS AND CLOSES
IN RESPONSE TO

HEATING AND VENTILATION NEEDS

During underheated periods, panels may open to allow for direct heat
gain and storing of heat in greenhouses below.

During overheated periods, panels may close completely or partially to
prevent direct heat gain. During this time, panels that do not receive
direct sun can remain open for abient light. Additionally, some panels
over open-air areas may remain open for ventilation.

71.

72.

73.



a biomimetic resort

DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE LAS VEGAS

image citations

cover & inside cover: (left to right) pg 20 : (left to right)

1. Pinecone. Klein, Olha. Creative Market. 1. Flickr

https://creativemarket.com/OlhaKlein/101878-Pine-cone-on-dark-black- https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8141/7487063168_e616bcb58a_b.jpg

background 2. Flickr

2. Femur Structure. https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6030/5914818605_3d12efe9eb_b.jpg

http://www.ilsb.tuwien.ac.at/~daxner/ictam-projekt/my-femur-section- 3. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/78/d2/88/78d288e321a1be
small.jpg 3a48fa5d02c5f55779.jpg

3. Shell Form. Tonkin Liu. pg 25 :
http://retaildesignblog.net/2014/09/26/shell-lace-structure-by-tonkin-liu/

pg 7 : (left to right) Biomimicry Institute. Ask Nature Nuggets.
https://vimeo.com/65674283

1. http://i624.photobucket.com/albums/tt324/glowrock/Toronto%202011/ pg 26 :
DSC_0504.jpg

2. Chernikhov, Iakov. All : Bionic Car. Mercedes Benz.
http://archidialog.com/tag/royal-ontario-museum/ http://www.carbodydesign.com/archive/2008/03/01-mercedes-benz-

bionic-car-at-the-moma/

3. Coop Himmelb(l)au. pg 27 :
http://archidialog.com/tag/royal-ontario-museum/

pg 18 : (left to right) Butterfly Chair. Eduardo Garcia Campos. A’Design Award & Competition.
https://competition.adesignaward.com/design-image.

1. Bird Skull. php?y=2012&design=25237

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/50/4b/ee/504bee6b4b2ac95 pg 28 :
c9da772103529b898.jpg

2. Steve Madden, Dejavu Black. Exploration Architecture. Sahara Forest Project.
http://www.heels.com/womens-shoes/dejavu-black-leather.html http://www.exploration-architecture.com/projects/sahara-forest-project

3. Ratsma, Marieka. Biomimicry Shoe.
https://i.materialise.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/marieka.jpg

76.

pg 29 : (left, right) pg 58-59 : (Image Study References)

1. http://www.hidrojing.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/sahara-forest- 1. “The Wings of a Dragonfly”. Future Concepts in Architecture.

project_procesos-agua-salada.jpg neoarchbeta.wordpress.com

2. http://media.except.nl/media/uploaded_files/filebrowser/diagram.jpg 2. Voronoi Tool. Jonathan Puckey. scriptographer.org

pg 32 : 3. Voronoi Definition. P. Bhattachary and M.L. Gavrilova. “Generalized
Voronoi Diagram...” Print. pg. 202
Las Vegas, Nevada. ISS026-E-006255. NASA
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iss026e006255.html
5. Shell. http://www.taringa.net/posts/info/18767283/Jarrones-que-se-
pg 33 : transforman-cuando-se-giran-ilusion-opt.html.

Google Earth Pro. S. Las Vegas Blvd. Las Vegas, NV 6. Tree Branches. Beckman, Eli. Dresden, Germany. elibeckman.com.

pg 36-38 : pg 62-63 : (from left to right)

Climate Consultant 1. Fox. http://ee111.weebly.com/deserts.html

pg 48 : (from left to right) 2. Ask Nature. http://www.asknature.org/strategy/6eb4107cbcdde41d35818

1. Influx_Studio. Urban Oasis. http://www.designboom.com/architecture/ 191b29f60f5

influx-studio-urban-oasis/ 3. http://www.asergeev.com/pictures/archives/2013/1237/jpeg/03.jpg

2. LAVA Architects. http://us.archello.com/en/project/mexico-monde- 4. http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/hledej.php?hleda=animal+shelter
d’eau-hotel-resort
5. Cole, Brett. Brettcolephotogrphy.com.
3. The Gate. http://inhabitat.com/egyptian-windcatchers-cool-vincen-
callebauts-the-gate-residence-inspired-by-coral-reefs/ 6. Hermit Crab. http://associationsnow.com/2015/03/shell-shocked-
hermit-crab-association-reshapes-baseball-teams-planned-giveaway/
4. Cultural Campus. http://www.evolo.us/architecture/self-sustainable-
cultural-campus-in-ismailia-egypt/ 7. Darwin’s Finches. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches

8. Cactus. Edbookphoto.com

77.

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81.

ALEXIS CHURCH

B. of Arch. Thesis Project • Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo • Facilitated by Professor Sandy Stannard • 2015-2016