Documentofscienceportfolio (4)

Gravitational Potential Energy

Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: You, gallon of milk, television (research the masses)
Gallon of milk: 8.6 lbs = 3.9 kg
Television: 34.6 lbs = 15.6 kg
Me= 110lb = 50 kg

GPE Myself
GPE = (M) (G) (H)
= ( 50 Kgs) (9.8 m/s 2) (1.5 m)
= 51450 J

GPE Gallon of milk
GPE = (m) (g) (h)
= (3.9 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (0.30 kg)
= 11.466 J

GPE of Television
GPE = (M) (G) (H)
= ( 1.57 kg) ( 9.8m/s2) (.6)
= 9.23 j

* 2.2 lbs = 1 kg

Data Table:

Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE

Videos: ​http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.

Data Table:

Object Mass Gravity Height GPE

Me 50 9.8 1.5 ​ 51450 J

Gallon of Milk 3.9 9.8 0.30 191.1

Television 1.57 9.8 6 1,372

Determine the GPE of one of the masses on the following planets:
“Kotulskian” - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity
“Danuzzitopia” - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
“Carlucciville” - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity
“Cheshire” - 63% less than Earth’s Gravity

Calculations:
Change the names below
Kotulskian​:
G= 9.8 m/s/s * 17%
G= 9.8 m/s/s * 0.17 = 1.666
G= 9.8 m/s/s + 1.666 = ​11.47
Danuzzitopia:
G=9.8m/s/s(39/100) = 3.82
G=9.8m/s/s - 3.82= ​6
Carlucciville:
G= 9.8(82/100) = 8.04
G= 9.8 + 8.04 = ​17.84
Cheshire:
G= 9.8(63/100) = 6.17
G= 9.8 + 6.17= 1​ 5.97

Data Table:

Graph:

Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What factors affect Gravitational Potential Energy?
2. Why did the GPE change on the other planets?
3. Which planet would you be able to hit a golf ball further? Explain using data.
4. How does GPE relate to Chemical Potential Energy?
5. How do Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy? Give an example
6. What happens to the GPE when the object falls to the ground? Describe the Energy
transformations along the way. Use a diagram.

Worksheet 1:
http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit1/chapter4/math_practice_2.html
Worksheet 2:​ h​ ttp://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/ssp/HK1MSW65.PDF

18. K​ inetic Energy Project

Objective: ​7.1.b. Energy can be stored in many forms and can be
transformed into the energy of motion.

Problem Statement:

1. Design an experiment to test how changing the angle of a ramp affects Kinetic
Energy?

2. What is the velocity of a roller coaster at the bottom of the hill?

Hypothesis:

If the angle of the ramp is bigger than the kinetic energy is bigger

Independent Variable:
Changing the size of the angle

Dependent Variable:
Velocity

*Use the following angles: 8, 18, 28

Example:​ ​Suppose you want to make a ramp with a 23 degree angle. Look up 23

degrees on the Angle Chart and find the sine (decimal).
Sin 23 = 0.39
Substitute Sin 23 with 0.39

0.39 = opposite
hypotenuse

0.39 = opposite (height of ramp)
1.2m

0.39 =

Sin = opposite
hypotenuse

sin 8 = opposite
hypotenuse

0.139 = opposite
1.22m

Opp = ( 0.139) (1.22m)

= 0.17 M

GPE = MGH

= (0.13kg) (9.8) (0.17m)
= 0.217 j

GPE = KE

0.217 J = (.5) ( 0.13kg) v2

0.217 ​j= 0.065 v2
0.065 0.065

3.34 = v
1.82mps = v

Sin= opposite
hypotenuse

Sin 28 = opposite
hypotenuse

0.46 = opposite
1.2 m

opp= (1.2) (0.46)

= 0.55 m

GPE= KE

(M) (G) (H)

(0.13K) ( 9.8) (0.55m) = (.5) (M) (v2)

= 0.7 = 0.065 v2

V2= 10.4 m/s

√ v2= √ 10. 4

v= 3.23 m/s

solve for opposite (height of ramp)

*A​ ngle Chart

*Include diagrams of the 3 Angles
*Include math examples for determining the angles and KE.

Video Resources:
1. How to solve KE problems: h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tryiwu4RhSM
2. PE/KE: ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
3. PE/KE: ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSWl_Zj-CZs
4. PE/KE: h​ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4V0NvUxRg

Data Analysis - ​Write your data analysis paragraph here

According to the research gathered from our experiment, our hypothesis
of when the ramp is increased the instantaneous velocity will be faster, is
true. For example, when we were finding the GPE=KE, we found that for
angle 8’s instantaneous velocity we got 1.81 m/s. For the angle 18, we
found that the instantaneous velocity was 2.64 m/s2​ .​ The last angle, 28,
the instantaneous velocity ended up being 3.32 m/s​2​. For all of the
angles, the instantaneous velocity was much larger than the average
velocity (using the formula V=D/T). Then, for angle 18, the average
velocity was . Lastly, angle 28 had an average velocity of.

Article: ​Everyday Energy

Read the article and answer the questions.

1. A
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. C
8.
9.
10.

FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics

Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.

Determine the velocity of a full roller coaster of riders at the bottom of the largest hill. You can
use the following roller coasters:
Watch these Videos for help:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg

Use either:

GPEt​ op​ = KEb​ ottom

1. Cyclone - Coney Island
Height of largest hill -
Mass of Coaster/number of riders -
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -

2. Pick your own coaster
Height of largest hill
Mass of Coaster/number of riders
Velocity at Bottom of Hill in m/s -

*Write about your results in a paragraph.

18. ​Inclined Plane Project

Due: April 19, 2017

1. Define the following vocabulary: Use pgs. 124 - 153

Simple Machine Mechanical Work Input Force

any of the basic Advantage Work is done when is the initial force
mechanical devices a force that is used to get a
for applying a force, the ratio of the applied to an object machine to begin
such as an inclined force produced by a moves that object. working. Machines
plane, wedge, or machine to the are designed to
lever. force applied to it, increase the input
used in assessing force for a larger
the performance of output force.
a machine.

Compound Machine Ideal Mechanical Power Output Distance

machine consisting Advantage The ability to do output force of 100
of two or more something or act in pounds, the
simple machines ​is a measure of the a particular way, machine has a
operating together, force amplification especially as a mechanical
as a wheelbarrow achieved by using a faculty or quality. advantage (MA) of
consisting of a tool, mechanical 10.
lever, axle, and device or machine
wheel. system

Efficiency Actual Mechanical Input Distance Output Force
the state or quality of If a machine
being efficient. Advantage is the initial force increases an input
used to get a force of 10 pounds
The AMA of a machine to begin to an output force
machine is working. Machines of 100 pounds, the
calculated as the are designed to machine has a
ratio of the increase the input mechanical
measured force force for a larger advantage (MA) of
output to the output force​. 10.
measured force
input, where the
input and output
forces are
determined
experimentally.

First Class Lever Second Class Lever Third Class Lever Energy

This allows the The person on the The person on the the strength and

identification of other end is the other end is the vitality required for
three classes of load, and the point load, and the point sustained physical
levers by the at which the plank at which the plank or mental activity.
relative locations of pivots is the pivots is the
the fulcrum, the fulcrum. fulcrum.
resistance and the
effort.

Block and Tackle Fixed Pulley Movable Pulley

Pulley changes the is a pulley that is
direction of the free to move up
is a system of two force on a rope or and down, and is
or more p​ ulleys belt that moves attached to a
with a rope or cable along its ceiling or other
threaded between circumference. object by two
them, usually used lengths of the same
to lift or pull heavy rope
loads.

2. Experiment: How does the angle of an inclined plane affect:

A. Ideal Mechanical Advantage

B. Actual Mechanical Advantage

C. Efficiency
*Think about the scientific Method
DATA TABLE
***Why is the Actual Mechanical Advantage always less than the Ideal Mechanical

Trial Output Output Output Input Input Input IM AM Efficienc
Force Dist. Work Force Dist. Work AA y
Angle 1 -
10 10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J 6N 1.2 m 7.2 J 5.7 1.67 29%

Angle 1 - 10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J 6N 1.2 m 7.2 J 5.7 1.67 29%
10

Angle 1 - 10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J 6N 1.2 m 7.2 J 5.7 1.67 29%
10 10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J
10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J 7N 0.87 m 6.09 J 4.1 1.4 34%
Angle 2 - 10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J
14 10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J 7N 0.87 m 6.09 J 4.1 1.4 34%
10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J
Angle 2 - 10 N 0.58 m 5.8 J 7N 0.87 m 6.09 J 4.1 1.4 34%
14
9 0.5 m 4.5 J 2.4 1.1 46%
Angle 2 -
14 9 0.5 m 4.5 J 2.4 1.1 46%

Angle 3 - 9 0.5 m 4.5 J 2.4 1.1 46%
25

Angle 3 -
25

Angle 3 -
25

Conclusion:

*Write your OWN CONCLUSION HERE!

3. Critical Thinking (Include in Presentation):

A. How much WORK would be done to lift a 350 kg Piano to the top of the Empire State

Building using a ramp with an angle of 35 degrees?

1. What is the length of the ramp to the top of the Empire State Building?

1. ​Sin 35 = Opp
hyp

​0.57 ​°= 443.2m
x

0.57 x = 443.2

X= 443.2m
0.57

X= 777.5 m

2. Suppose the Ideal Mechanical Advantage is 3.2

35 degrees = 0.57358
Hyp = Opp(0.57358)
Hyp = 1,454ft(0.57358)
Hyp = 834 feet

3. The Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA) is 2.5.

4. What is the Efficiency of this Machine?

Efficiency= AM A (100%)
IMA
2.5
= 3.2 (100%)

= 78%

5. Provide a diagram of this example.

4. Explain how the Ideal Mechanical Advantage and Actual Mechanical Advantage is

determined for the following simple machines:

A. Inclined Plane MA= D​in​/D​out
i. To find the IMA of an inclined plane, you must find the Distance input and the

Distance output first. Then, you do Distance input divided by the Distance output.

ii. AMA= F​out​/Fi​ n
1. To find the AMA of an inclined plane, you must find the Force output and

Force input first. Next, you divide the Force output by the Force input.

B. Lever IMA = length of ef f ort arm
length of the resistance arm

i. The effort end of the lever is the lever is the side of the lever that effort is applied

to, while the resistance arm is the side of the lever which holds the load.

C. Pulleys Pulleys
a. in order to find the IMA and AMA for a pulley you have to count the amount of ropes you
have required to lift the object.

D. Wheel and Axle

a. IMA= radius of the wheel
radius of the axle

i. To find the IMA of a wheel and axis, you must divide the radius of the wheel by

the radius of the axle.

b. AMA= Resistance f orce
Actual Ef f ort f orce

i. To find the AMA of a wheel and axis, you must do the resistance force divided by

the actual effort force.

5. Complete the Following Worksheet:

Worksheet 2
Effort Force = Input Force
Resistance Force = Output Force

6. Group: Video 1 Trial of the Lab that demonstrates the experiment and

the calculations
* Attach link to video here

Resources to Help:

19. ​QUIZ: Inclined Plane

Directions: A​ nalyze the Inclined Plane Data Table that is shared on
Classroom and determine which machine has the greatest mechanical
advantage.
Problem Statement:
How does the angle of an inclined plane affect the Mechanical
Advantage?
The angle of an inclined plane affects the Mechanical advantages by
the angle being different.

Hypothesis: ​(Use proper form!)

If the angle of the inclined plane increases, then the Mechanical Advantage will
increase.

Diagrams of Inclined Planes:​ (Label 1 Diagram)

Calculations (​ Examples): Substitute the numbers into the equations below
with the appropriate units.

IMA = inout distance AMA = output f orce Efficiency = work output
output distance input f orce work input

IMA = input distance AMA = output f orce Efficiency = work output
output distance inout f orce work input

IMA= input distance AMA= inout distance work output
output distance output distance work input

IMA = 150 AMA= 2 Efficiency= work output
30 150 work input

IMA= 5 ​ ​ AMA =

Graph:​ ​(Angle and Actual Mechanical Advantage)

Conclusion:
***Your conclusion must also address which machine would be impossible
and why?

The purpose of this investigation was to Analyze the Inclined Plane Data

Table and which machine has the greatest mechanical advantage. My

Hypothesis was, My hypothesis was correct according

to the data. The mechanical advantages of the 3 angles is all the angle

being different. There was not a trial that was over 100%.

*Was your hypothesis correct?
*Data that supported the hypothesis - Write about the 3 angles and their
Mechanical Advantages. Each angle should be written about in separate
sentences.
*Was there a trial that was over 100% efficient?