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Published by tgromko, 2017-06-08 10:26:01

Documentofscienceportfolio (5)

Documentofscienceportfolio (5)

8th Grade Science Portfolio
By Taylor Gromko

1.​ ​Survey Graph Conclusion

1. Data Table
2. Graph
3. Write a short conclusion of 5 sentences

foods - x Responses- y
ice cream 5
fish 1
pizza 8
pasta 2

The graph shows what types of food kids like. Out of 16 kids, 8 prefer pizza, 5 prefer
ice cream, 2 prefer pasta, and only 1 prefers fish. In conclusion, most kids are in favor
of pizza. The reason kids like pizza more is because it is more popular than any other
food. The reason why kids don't like it is because fish has a disgusting smell and taste.

2​. QUIZ: Scientific Method

Directions: ​Read the following description of an experiment and complete the
components of the scientific method.

Experiment:​ Mr. Smithers believes that a special compound could help his workers
produce more “widgets” in one week. The chemical supply store sent him 3 different
compounds to try on his 100 workers. The following are the chemicals:

A. Sodium chloride 5
B. Magnesium hydroxide 8
C. Calcium sulfate 3
D. Water 7

*Help Mr. Smithers design an effective experiment and write a conclusion that analyzes
your results.

Problem Statement
The problem statement is the chemical supply send?

Hypothesis
if the widgets can make the workers produce it than it will happen in one week

Independent Variable

Sodium chloride Magnesium Calcium sulfate Water
hydroxide

Dependent Variable Same three different compound
100 workers

Constants​ (Pick 2)
The amount of chemicals

Control
C​hemical supply

Basic Procedures​:

(List 5-8 steps)

Data table
Number the IV
Make a data table
Then make a graph
Wrapping up with conclusion

Data Table:​ (Place data table here)

chemicals-x amounts- y 5
sodium chloride
magnesium 8
hydroxide 3
7
Calcium sulfate
water

3. Graph:​ (Place graph here)

Name Taylor gromko
Class 4
Teacher lopez
Date

Investigation Title:

I. Investigation Design
A. Problem Statement:
Can density be used to identify different metals?

B. Hypothesis:
If the density of the metal is known, then we know which type of metal.

C. Independent Variable: x (types of metals we are testing)
Levels of IV

Aluminium brass Copper Tin Zinc Iron

D. Dependent Variable:y
density of various metals

E. Constants: Same units (g/cm3) Same TTB

Same amount of water (50
mL)

F. Control:
water

G. Materials: (List with numbers)
1. Triple beam balance, graduated cylinder, beaker, metals: tin, brass, copper, zinc,

H. Procedures: (List with numbers and details)
1. Fill the graduated cylinder, which is 50 mL
2. Get the metals you are testing and find the mass of the metals by using the TBB
3. Slide the metal into the cylinder. The water level rises.
4. Find the difference in the water level, which is the volume of the metals
5. Repeat step 1-4 for all the other metals

II. Data Collection
A. Qualitative Observations:

My qualitative observations are some metals are heavier than other. Some are also different
colors and different sizes.

B. Quantitative Observations: (Key data)
1. Data Table (types of metal for Y axes)

2. Graph

metals- Y density - X

1. copper 10.25
2. brass 7.52
3. a​ luminum 2.92
4. tin 1.95
iron 7.88
mystery 1.37
zinc 5.76

3. Calculations

Show 3 Math Examples

Copper

D= m
v
71.75
D= 7

D= 10.25G/mL or 10.25mL/cm3

Brass:

D= m
v

D= 67.7
9

D= 7.52G/mL or 7.52mL/cm3

Alumni:

D= m
v

D= 29.9
2.92

D= 10.239/mL or 10.239mL/cm3

III. Data Analysis/Conclusion
My hypothesis is correct because the density that i found matches the metals. For example the
density of the copper in reality is 8.96 g/mL. But my lab results show the density to be
10.25g/mL Another example is the density of aluminum found in our lab is 2.92g/mL, which is
not too far off from the real number, which is 2.7g/mL The third example is iron. The number i
got is 7.88 g/mL, which is very close to the real number which is 7.87 g/mL. On the whole my
results were pretty close to the real numbers. If i were to repeat the experiment i would improve
by making sure the water levels were the same every time. Also make sure the TBB is more
accurate. Of all the metals i tested , the highest density is the copper and the least density is the
aluminum.

IV. Research and Applications
Bone health issues

V. References and Cit
● 2 or 3 web links

12Bone Diseases
O​ steopenia, Early Signs of Bone Loss: Risk Factors and Treatments

Conclusion:
1 "Bone Diseases: MedlinePlus." 2016. 23 Sep. 2016 <​https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html​>

2

"Overview of Bone Disorders in Children - Children's Health Issues ..." 2015. 23 Sep. 2016
<​http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/bone-disorders-in-children/overview-of-bo
ne-disorders-in-children​>

The graph shows what the chemical supply store send mr smith and what
worked the best. Out of all of the amounts according to the graph, the most helpful one
was the magnesium hydroxide. Next helpful chemical was the water. The 3rd helpful
chemical was the sodium chloride. The one that was not very helpful was the calcium
sulfate. In conclusion, the most helpful chemical overall was the magnesium hydroxide.

3. Activity: Phase Change of Water

Directions:
● Melt the ice water and record the temperatures every 30 seconds until you reach the
boiling point of water.
● Record the temperatures on the following data table:
​ C​ onstruct a graph of your results. *​Use Link on Classroom
● Respond to the Critical Thinking Questions

Graph:

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. When did the temperatures stay the same on the graph? Why did the
temperatures stay the same at 2 points during the lab?

The temperatures stayed the same on the graph at about 10 degrees. The
temperature stayed the same at this point because the thermometer touched the
bottom of the cup.

2. How would the graph be different if we tried this experiment with Gold?
Explain:

The graph would be different if we tried this experiment with gold because the
golds are solids and the waters are liquid. This would be different times because
it would take a long time to melt. Therefor, causing the melting system to be alot
different.

3. What is the role of energy during the phase changes?
The role of the energy during the phase changes by the energy exchanges are
playing the role of breaking the bond between the substances.

4. Describe the motion of the molecules throughout the experiment. Find
diagrams that show the motion.

Throughout the experiment, the molecules start to vibrate faster and faster
causing the molecules to spread apart from each other.

5. How does the Average Kinetic Energy change throughout the experiment?
The average kinetic energy changed throughout the experiment because the
speed of the kinetic energy to move faster when it becomes warmer

6. Suppose you had 200 mL of ice in one beaker and 400 mL of ice in another
beaker. Compare and explain the following in the beakers after they have
reached the boiling point:

A. Heat Energy t​ he 400 mL of ice would have greater heat energy because
there is a larger mass of ice.

B. Temperature i​ t would be both 400mL and 200mL of ice would most likely
C. Average Kinetic Energy
D. Specific Heat
E. Latent Heat

5. Density Lab Report Rewrite ​- Due Friday

Directions: ​Analyze the following data and write a conclusion paragraph.
Data Table

metals vs
density

metals day 1 day 2
copper
aluminum 9.12 A 12.34
lead 2.78 B 7.56
zinc 11.89 C 5.32
7.13 D 2.62

Known - Day 1 Density (g/cm3)

Metal 9.12
2.78
Copper 11.89
7.13
Aluminum

Lead

Zinc

Unknown - Day 2

Metal Density (g/cm3)

A 12.34
B 7.56
C 5.32
D 2.65

Make a Graph:

Conclusion:

*Use transition words (Therefore, however, In conclusion…)
1. Purpose of experiment

The purpose of this experiment is finding the density of the different metals in order to
identifying the metals.

2. Hypothesis correct?
If the density of the metals are found then the metals are identified. Yes my hypothesis is
correct.

3. Describe data that supports your hypothesis - Are you able to identify 3 unknowns? Use
evidence from the data table.

4. Which trial would you repeat? Why?
The trial I would repeat would be metal c because there are no numbers in the known metals
that match to the unknown metal c

5. What would you improve in this lab?

The thing i would in this lab would be the conclusion. The reason why i think i could improve in
the conclusion part is because it could be a better conclusion.

5. Density Experiment and Lab Report

Directions:
1. Identify the unknown metals using density. Follow the lab report
template.
2. Plan experiment with group.

○ Lab Template
○ Density Data Table
Critical Thinking:
1. How does density relate to Plate Tectonics?
2. How does density relate to Land/Sea Breezes?
3. How does Bone Density affect the health of a person?
*Density Calculations
Density Word Problems

6​. ​Density QUIZ

1. The scientist collected an object with a density of 6.4 g/cm​3​ and a
volume of 79 cm3​ ​. What is the mass of this object?

M= D * V

M = 6.4g/cm3 * 79cm3

M= 505.6

2. An irregularly shaped stone was lowered into a graduated cylinder

holding a volume of water equal to 50.0mL. The height of the water rose

to 68 mL. If the m​ ass of the stone was 125.0g, ​what was its ​density​?

V= 68mL - 50.0mL = 18mL

D= M
V
125.0g
D= 18mL

D= 6.9g/mL

3. A scientist had 350.0 grams of Gold (Au) and a 530.0 gram sample of
Silver on the lab table. Which metal would have a greater volume
(cm​3)​ ? Explain.

V= M
D

V= 530.0G
350.0g

V= 1.51g/mL

*​ Show all work.

Gold Silver

4. Explain why the Titanic sank after hitting the iceberg. Use data to
explain your answer.

The titanic sank after hitting the iceberg because when the iceberg hit the
side of the titanic, the water got into the boat and with all the people on the
boat the boat could not hold the density so the boat started to sink. This is
how the titanic sank after hitting the iceberg.

7. ​QUIZ: Phase Changes

Directions: ​Analyze the following data table with data collected by a scientist that wanted to
study how Heat Energy affects the Phase Changes of 2 different metals. Respond to the
questions below and perform all necessary calculations.

Data Table:

Metal Mass of Metal Heat Energy
3000 calories
Aluminum 65 grams 6000 calories

Gold 65 grams

Scientific Method (___ out of 4) Heat Energy
Independent Variable: Circle one

Type of Metal

Dependent Variable: Heat Energy
Type of Metal

Constant: Mass of Metal
Type of Metal

Control: Water
Type of Metal

Questions: Circle

1. Solid changing to Liquid: M​ elting​ or Evaporating

2. Liquid changing to Gas: Melting or ​Evaporating

3. Heat is measured in units called: Celsius or​ Calories

4. Temperature is measured in units called: ​ Celsius​ or Calories

Calculate Heat Energy: * SH

Apply the following Equations: Boiling Heat of
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion Pt. ​(C) Vaporization
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization (cal/g)
Data Table:

Metal Mass Heat of Melting Specific Heat
Fusion Pt.​ (C) Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)

Aluminum 65 g 95 600 2500 2500 0.21 188435

Gold 65 g 15 1063 2800 377 0.03

*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (____ out of 4) Choose one of the Metals and Perform the Math

A. Aluminum

Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion
heat = (65g) * (95cal/g) =
Heat =6175 cal

Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature * Specific Heat of Aluminum
Heat = 65 g * (2500 C - 600 C) * 0.21 cal/gC
Heat = 65 g * (1900 C) * 0.21 cal/gc
heat = 25935

Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization
Heat = 65g * 2500 cal/g
Heat = 162500 cal

Data Table to Graph

Type of Metal Heat Energy
Aluminum 1600
Gold 2500

Graph your results (____ out of 4):

Write a Conclusion (____ out of 4):

The purpose of this experiment was to find the heat energy of gold and aluminum
The hypothesis for this experiment was that , if heat were added to aluminum and gold
then the Gold would absorb the most calories.
The Aluminum absorbed 1600 calories of Heat Energy. However, the Gold absorbed
2500 calories of Heat Energy.
In conclusion, the Gold absorbed the most Heat Energy in this experiment. My
hypothesis is correct because the gold did absorb the most calories

questions:

1. How are Heat and Temperature different for the following pictures of​ ​boiling​ ​water?

Explain:​ (Hint: Use the Heat equation)

Word Bank:

Ocean Beaker of Water Mass Heat energy 100 C

Calories temperature Boiling pt.

Use the word bank to write the paragraph.
Heat and temperature are different for these pictures because the ocean has much more water
than the beaker of water. Even though the heat energy and the tempature are at 100 c
degrees celsius, th​ e beaker of wate​r will require much more mass of heat energy to raise its
temperature to the boiling point .
In conclusion, heat energy and mass are two different properties of matter.

8. ​QUIZ: Phase Changes

Directions: A​ nalyze the following data table with data collected by a scientist that wanted to
study how Heat Energy affects the Phase Changes of 2 different metals. Respond to the
questions below and perform all necessary calculations.

Data Table:

Metal Mass of Metal Heat Energy
3000 calories
Aluminum 65 grams 6000 calories

Gold 65 grams

Scientific Method (___ out of 4) Heat Energy
Independent Variable: Circle one

Type of Metal

Dependent Variable: Heat Energy
Type of Metal

Constant: Mass of Metal
Type of Metal

Control: Water
Type of Metal

Questions: Circle

1. Solid changing to Liquid: Melting or Evaporating

2. Liquid changing to Gas: Melting or Evaporating

3. Heat is measured in units called: Celsius or Calories

4. Temperature is measured in units called: Celsius or Calories

Calculate Heat Energy: * SH

Apply the following Equations: Boiling Heat of
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion Pt. (​ C) Vaporization
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization (cal/g)
Data Table:

Metal Mass Heat of Melting Specific Heat
Fusion Pt.​ (C) Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)

Aluminum 65 g 95 600 2500 2500 0.21

Gold 65 g 15 1063 2800 377 0.03

*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (____ out of 4) Choose one of the Metals and Perform the Math

A. Aluminum

Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion

Heat = 65 g * 95 cal/gram

Heat = calories

Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature * Specific Heat of Aluminum

Heat = 37 g * (2500 C - 600 C) * 0.21 cal/gC

Heat = calories

Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization

Heat = 37 g * 2500 cal/g

Heat = calories

9.



10.​ Activity:​ Mass % Practice with Mixtures and Compounds

1. A scientist recorded the following data about a sample of rocks and sand:

37 grams of Large Rocks 75 grams of Fine Grained Sand
59 grams of Small Rocks 5 grams of Salt
125 grams of Coarse Grained Sand 25 grams of Copper (Cu)

2. ​Determine the % of each component in this Heterogeneous Mixture and construct a pie
chart showing your results.
100%

3. Data Table:

Materials Mass g %
37g 11.3
large rocks 59g
18.09
small rocks 125g
38.3
coarse 175g
grained sand 5g 23
25g 1.5
fine grained 7.7
sand

salt

copper

4. Pie Chart:

5. Math Examples

37 + 59+125+75+5+25=326

Large Rocks- 37/326*100= 11.3
Small Rocks- 59/326*100= 18.09
Coarse Grained Sand- 125/326*100= 38.3
Fine Grained Sand- 75/326*100= 23
Salt- 5/326*100= 1.5
Copper= 25/326*100= 7.7

1. A​ second scientist recorded the following data about a different sample of rocks and
sand:

48 grams of Large Rocks 175 grams of Fine Grained Sand
78 grams of Small Rocks 2 grams of Salt
56 grams of Coarse Grained Sand 17 grams of Copper (Cu)

2. Determine the % of each component in this Heterogeneous Mixture and construct a pie
chart showing your results.

3. Data Table:

materials mass g %

large rocks 48g 12.8

small rocks 78g 20.7

Coarse 56g 14.9
Grained
Sand

Fine Grained

Sand 175g 46.5

salt 2g 0.53
copper 17g 4.5

4. Pie Chart:

5. Math Examples
48+78+56+175+2+17=376
48/376*100=12.8
78/376*100=20.7
56/376*100=14.9
175/376*100=46.5
2/376*100=0.5
17/376*100=4.5

1. A third scientist received a 250 gram sample of Silver Nitrate - ​AgNO​3

AG (1) 108= 108 AMU
N (1) 14 = 14 AMU
O3 (3) 16 = 48 AMU
Total= 170 AMU

2. Chart for Mass % of a Compound

AG: 108/170*100= 63.52%
N 14/170* 100 = 8.24%
O 48/170*100= 28.24%
= 100

Questions:
1. How are the samples from these scientists different?
The Examples from these scientists are different because the materials are the same and the
mass different.

2. How are Compounds different from Heterogeneous Mixtures? Provide evidence.
Heterogenous is where you can pick different things out of the mixtures and compound the
components you could not physically separate each one. Each compound has its own specific
number of adams combined together.

11​. Research Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures and write down characteristics and

examples in the chart below:

Heterogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures

A heterogeneous mixture is made of different The same uniform appearance and
substances that remain physically separate. composition throughout. Many
Heterogeneous mixtures always have more homogeneous mixtures are commonly
referred to as solutions.
than one pha​ se
- A bowl of cereal - Water itself is an example of a
- Skittles homogeneous mixture
- Salad
- Pizza with toppings ` - That perfume or cologne you use
- Chex mix to smell good is a perfectly
homogeneous mixture

- Orange juice
- Sodas

Determine the Mass % of each component within the following Mixtures and Make Pie Charts:

25 grams of Large Rocks 36 grams of Fine Grained Sand
125 grams of Small Rocks 3 grams of Salt
75 grams of Coarse Grained Sand 19 grams of Copper (Cu)

materials mass g %

Large rocks 25g 10.9

small rocks 125g 2.18

coarse grained

sand 75g 3.6

fine grained 36g 7.6
sand

Salt 3g 9.1
copper 9g 30.3

175 grams of Large Rocks 23 grams of Fine Grained Sand
35 grams of Small Rocks 11 grams of Salt
89 grams of Coarse Grained Sand 53 grams of Copper (Cu)

materials mass g % 2.2
10.1
Large rocks 175g
3.9
small rocks 35g 15.3

coarse grained

sand 89g

fine grained 23g
sand

Salt 11g 32.1
copper 53g 6.6

Determine the Mass % of each element in the following compounds: (Choose 4 Compounds)

Positive Ions + Negative Ions -

Sodium +1 Phosphate

Calcium+2 Carbonate

Potassium+1 Sulfate

Lithium+2 Nitrate

Conclusion: *Explain the difference between Mixtures and Compounds using evidence (Data)
from your charts.
The differences between mixtures and compounds Mixures

*How did you separate the Salt from the Sand? Discuss the role of Solute and solvent as well
as Heat Energy. You should also discuss IONS.

12.

QUIZ: Solubility

Directions: Use the Solubility Graph to answer the following questions.

Graph

I. Solubility Graph

Questions:
1. What is the Solubility of KClO3 at 40 C?
The solubility of KCLO3 at 40 C is 15 grams

2. What is the Solubility of NH4Cl at 70 C?
The solubility of NH4Cl at 70 C is 60 grams

3. What Temperature would 80 grams of KNO3 completely dissolve and become saturated?
The temperature of 80 grams of KNO3 Would completely dissolve and become saturated at
50 C

4. Suppose you have 120 grams of NaNO3 at 30 C. Is the solution Unsaturated, Saturated or
Supersaturated and how many grams can you add/or take away to make it Saturated?
It would be supersaturated.

5. In a solution of ​Water​ and S​ odium Chloride (NaCl),​ what is the Solute?
The solute of water and Sodium Chloride is soluble

II. Soluble vs. Insoluble
Directions: ​Use your Solubility Rules Chart to determine if the following compounds are Soluble
or Insoluble.

Compound Soluble or Insoluble Identify the Rule # Used

Sodium chloride Soluble #3
Silver nitrate Soluble #2
Soluble #2
Ammonium nitrate Insoluble #8
Calcium carbonate Insoluble #4
Soluble #1
AgCl Insoluble #10
Na2​ ​SO​4
Calcium phosphate

III. Use your Solubility Rules to Determine how the beaker would look in the following chemical
reactions:

Sodium Chloride + Silver Nitrate → Sodium Nitrate + Silver Chloride

Na+​ 1​ Cl​-1​ + Ag​+1​ NO​3​-1​ → Na NO​3 + Ag Cl
NaCl + Na NO3 + AgCl
AgNO3 →

S​ or I ​ ​ ​S​ or I S​ ​ or I S or ​I

IV. Conclusion:​ What would your final beaker look like? Why?

The purpose of this experiment was to predict the results of a reaction between soluble and
insoluble. The final beaker would have NANO3 + AgCl . NA NO3 would be Soluble with
(IONS) present. AgCl would be insoluble with (IONS) present. In Conclusion, the ions are both
different in solubility. Na N03 would be soluble and the AgCl would be insoluble.

13.

14.

Velocity Project

Due: Friday February 17

1. Define the following terms:

Motion: ​The action or Speed: ​The rate at which Position: ​a place where

process of moving or being someone or something is someone or something is

moved. able to move or operate. located or has been put.

Distance: a​ n amount of Acceleration: ​a vehicle's Terminal Velocity: Th​ e
space between two things capacity to gain speed constant speed that a
freely falling object
or people within a short time eventually reaches when
the resistance of the
medium

Time: T​ he indefinite Initial Velocity: ​is the Displacement: ​the moving
of something from its place
continued progress of velocity at which motion
or position
existence and events in the begins.

past, present, and future

regarded as a whole

Velocity: ​the speed of Final Velocity: ​The Key Metric units: ​measure
something in a given equations can be utilized for quantitatively
for any motion that can be assessing, controlling or
direction. described as being either a selecting a person,
constant velocity motion process, event, or
institution

2. What is the difference between Speed and Velocity? Explain using an example
in your own words.
Speed is the Distance an object travels per unit of time S=D/T. And velocity is the speed
and direction of a moving object.

3. Pick 2 cities (minimum 500 miles apart) in the United States or world and
construct a data table and graph showing the amount of hours that it would take
to travel between the 2 cities with the following modes of transportation:
Fastest Runner
Model T Ford
Hindenberg
Tesla top speed

Fastest train
F35 Fighter Jet

*Provide a map showing your cities
*Show Detailed Math Steps

Fastest runner:
28 = 1372
T = 1372

= 49 hrs

Model t ford:
45 = 1372
T= 1372

= 30 hrs

Hindenberg:
84= 1372
T= 1372
= 16 hrs

4. What would like to see in this city when you arrive? What tourist attraction?
What would you like to eat in this city? What is the basic history of this city?

When i arrived in this city i would like to see all the beaches, and go to palm
beach. I would like to try the famous La Mar restaurant. The basic history in
miami is Miami was founded after the end of the Spanish rule in Florida. Miami
was known as a tropical paradise for tourists. Another thing i would want to see
in miami would be vanilla ice and jason derulo because they both grew up in
miami and are currently living there now.

5. Determine and graph an 18% increase in Velocity for each vehicle - Show how
the Times would be affected by the increase in speed.
*Include pictures and brief description of each mode of transportation

Transportation Velocity with 18% increase

Fastest runner 45 mph
Model T Ford (45 mph) 35 mph
25 mph
​Hindenberg​ (​ 84 mph) 54 mph
Tesla top speed ( 155 mph) 89 mph
Fastest train 150 mph

6. Use a math calculation to show how long it would take the F35 Fighter Jet to
get to

(Use scientific notation)

1,199 mph
Sun= ​ ​92.96 million mi

A. Sun
​ V​ =D/T
1199=92,960,000/time
Time: ​7.75 *10​4​ hours

B. Saturn
​ 7​ 45,645,430.68
1,199 mph

V=D/T
1199=745,645,430.68/time
Time= 6​ .22 * 105​ ​ hours

N​ eptune
2.7 billion miles
1,199
V=D/T
1199=2.7 * 109​ ​/time
Time: ​2.25 * 10​6​ hours

15. U​ nit 1: Uniform Motion Name_______________________________
Date__________________Period________
Worksheet 8

Speed and Velocity Problems

1. What is the average speed of a cheetah that sprints 100 m in 4 s? How about if it sprints

50 m in 2 s?

​ ​V= D/T

V= 100m/ 4s

V= 100m/4 v= 25

2. If a car moves with an average speed of 60 km/hr for an hour, it will travel a distance of
60 km. How far will it travel if it continues this average rate for 4 hrs?

Distance= Time*Velocity

Distance= 4hr*60km/hr
Distance= 2​ 40km
If the average rate continures, the car will travel 240 km in 4 hours.

3. A runner makes one lap around a 200 m track in a time of 25.0 s. What was the runner's
average speed? Answer: 8.0 m/s

T= D/V
T= 200/25

200/25 = 8 meters.

4. Light and radio waves travel through a vacuum in a straight line at a speed of very nearly
3.00 ×​ ​ 10​8​ m/s. How far is light year (the ​distance​ light travels in a year)?
9.50 ​×​ 101​ 5​ m.

5. A motorist travels 406 km during a 7.0 hr period. What was the average speed in km/hr
and m/s? Answers: 58 km/hr, 16 m/s.

​T= D/V
T = 406/7.0
T= 58 KM/hr

6. A bullet is shot from a rifle with a speed of 720 m/s. What time is required for the bullet
to strike a target 3240 m away? Answer: 4.5 s.

Time= Distance/Velocity
Time= 3240m/(720 m/s)
Time= ​4.5 s

The time required is 4.5 seconds.

7. Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 3.0 ​×​ 108​ ​ m/s.
In kilometers, how far is the earth from the sun?
1.5 ×​ ​ 108​ ​ km.

8. *An auto travels at a rate of 25 km/hr for 4 minutes, then at 50 km/hr for 8 minutes, and
finally at 20 km/hr for 2 minutes. Find the total distance covered in km and the average
speed for the complete trip in m/s.

9 km, 10.7 m/s.

9. *If you traveled one mile at a speed of 100 miles per hour and another mile at a speed of
1 mile per hour, your average speed would not be (100 mph + 1 mph)/2 or 50.5 mph.
What would be your average speed? (Hint: What is the total distance and total time?)
Answer: 1.98 mph.

T= D/V

T = 100/1
T= 1.98 mph

10. *What is your average speed in each of these cases?
a. You run 100 m at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk 100 m at a speed of 1.0
m/s.
b. You run for 100 s at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk for 100 s at a speed of
1.0 m/s.

1.7 m/s, 3.0 m/s.

11. *A race car driver must average 200 km/hr for four laps to qualify for a race. Because of
engine trouble, the car averages only 170 km/hr over the first two laps. What average
speed must be maintained for the last two laps?

200*4=800
170*2=340
800-340=460
460/2= 230

230 km/hr

12. *A car traveling 90 km/hr is 100 m behind a truck traveling 50 km/hr. How long will it
take the car to reach the truck?

100+50x=90x
5/2 hrs

16. A​ cceleration Worksheet. Name: Taylor

Gromko, Gracie Schmidt, Mary
Barto and Molly

DeMeo
Date:

14.2 Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change in the speed of an object. To determine the rate of acceleration,
you use the formula below. The units for acceleration are meters per second per second or m/s2.

A positive value for acceleration shows speeding up, and negative value for acceleration shows
slowing down. Slowing down is also called ​deceleration.​

The acceleration formula can be rearranged to solve for other variables such as final speed (v​ ​2)
and time (t​ ​).

EXAMPLES

1. A skater increases her velocity from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in 3.0 seconds. What is the skater’s
acceleration?

Looking for Solution
Acceleration of the skater

The acceleration of the skater is 2.7 meters per
second per second.

Given
Beginning speed = 2.0 m/s

Final speed = 10.0 m/s
Change in time = 3 seconds
Relationship

2. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. If its original speed is 8.0 m/s, how many seconds will it
take the car to reach a final speed of 25.0 m/s?

Looking for Solution
The time to reach the final speed.

`

The time for the car to reach its final speed is 5.7
seconds.

Given
Beginning speed = 8.0 m/s; Final speed = 25.0 m/s
Acceleration = 3.0 m/s2
Relationship

1. While traveling along a highway a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15 m/s in 12 seconds. What is the
automobile’s acceleration? (Remember that a negative value indicates a slowing down or
deceleration.)

A = (V2 - V1)/T2

A = (15 m/s - 24 m/s)/12 Sec.

A = -9 m/s/12 sec.
A=

2. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of the car from 85 m/s to 45 m/s in
a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the dragster?

A= 45 m/s − 85 m/s
4.5 sec

A = −40 m/s
4.5 sec

A = -8.9 m/s
sec

3. The table below includes data for a ball rolling down a hill. Fill in the missing data values in the
table and determine the acceleration of the rolling ball.

Time (seconds) Speed (km/h)

0 (start) 0 (start)

23

4 6
6 9
8 12
10 15

Acceleration =

4. A car traveling at a speed of 30.0 m/s encounters an emergency and comes to a complete stop.
How much time will it take for the car to stop if it decelerates at -4.0 m/s2?

A= v2- v1 / t2

A= ( 4.0 m/s 30.0 m/s)

A=

7. A helicopter’s speed increases from 25 m/s to 60 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the acceleration of
this helicopter?

A = 60 m/s − 25 m/s
5 sec

A = 35 m/s
5 sec

A = 7 m/s
sec

17. ​Potential Energy Project

Due: Friday 3/17

Define and make note cards for the following words:

Energy Joules Chemical Potential Law of Conservation
the SI unit of work or
In physics, energy energy, equal to the Energy of Energy
is the property that work done by a force
must be transferred of one newton when Chemical potential, The law of
to an object in order its point of application also known as conservation of
to perform work on moves one meter in partial molar free energy states that
the direction of action energy, is a form of the total energy of
of the force, potential energy an isolated system
equivalent to one that can be remains constant
3600th of a absorbed or
watt-hour. released during a
chemical reaction
or phase transition.

Kinetic Energy Kilojoules Elastic Potential Gravity
Energy that a body
possesses by virtue measure of how Energy is a natural
of being in motion much energy phenomenon by
people get from is Potential energy which all things with
consuming a food stored as a result of mass are brought
or drink deformation of an toward one
elastic object, such another, including
as the stretching of planets, stars and
a spring galaxies

Potential Energy Gravitational Mechanical Energy
the energy
possessed by a body Potential Energy is the sum of kinetic
by virtue of its and potential
position relative to GPE = mgh, where energy in an object
others, stresses m is the mass in that is used to do
within itself, electric kilograms, g is the work.
charge, and other acceleration due to
factors. gravity (9.8 on
Earth),

Resource: ​http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: You, gallon of milk, television (research the masses)
Gallon of milk: 8.6 lbs = 3.9 kg
Television: 34.6 lbs = 15.6 kg
Me= 110lb = 50 kg

GPE Myself
GPE = (M) (G) (H)
= ( 50 Kgs) (9.8 m/s 2) (1.5 m)
= 51450 J

GPE Gallon of milk
GPE = (m) (g) (h)
= (3.9 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (0.30 kg)
= 11.466 J

GPE of Television
GPE = (M) (G) (H)
= ( 1.57 kg) ( 9.8m/s2) (.6)
= 9.23 j

* 2.2 lbs = 1 kg

Data Table:

Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE

Videos: ​http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.

Data Table:

Object Mass Gravity Height GPE

Me 50 9.8 1.5 ​ 51450 J

Gallon of Milk 3.9 9.8 0.30 191.1

Television 1.57 9.8 6 1,372


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