BME Technical magazine

Wearables for the Eye: Smart Contact Lenses.

In the past few years, there are some mind-blowing attempts were performed
in the eye contact lens world. One of them is AI-powered contact lenses which
are powered wirelessly. At Purdue University USA, researchers developed a
thin sensor technology that uses a flexible strip of gold to conduct trace
amounts of electricity in the soft hydrogel lens. This device includes edge
detection and enhancement (intended for people with low vision) in a
darkened room and text annotations. In near future, it will also include
translating languages in real-time, tagging faces, and providing emotional

cues. Medical Uses: - 1) Smart contact lenses that track the

intraocular pressure (IOP) and provide real-time pressure readings would
assist ophthalmologists to improve their diagnosis and treatment. 2) It would
also be possible for wearers to gain instant information on cholesterol and
sodium levels, heart rate, and other important measurements. As technology
develops, the medical possibilities are practically endless.

By, Arkaprova Mukhopadhyay, BME, 3rd year.

Tissue Engineering.

In the domain patient treatment, tissue engineering sheds a brief light. Many
more implants like - Supplemental bladders, small arteries, skin grafts,
cartilage and even a full trachea have been implanted in patients, but the
procedure are still in experimental and seems very costly. In another side
complex organ tissues like- heart, lung, and liver tissues have been
successfully recreated in lab, it's a very long way from being fully reproducible
and ready to implant into a patient. These tissues and all however can be
quite useful in research, especially in drug development.
Using functioning human tissue to help screen medication candidates could
speed up development and provide key tools for facilitating personalized
medicine while saving money and reducing the number of animals used for
research.

By, Arijit Kumar, BME, 3rd year.

Artificial Organ

An artificial organ is an engineering device or tissue that is implanted or
integrated into a human interfacing with living tissue to replace a natural
organ to duplicate or augment a specific function or functions so the patient
may return to a normal life as soon as possible.

Uses cases - 1) Life support to prevent eminent death while awaiting a

transplant.
2) Dramatic improvement of the patient's ability for self-care.
3) Improvement of the patient's ability to interact socially.
4) Cosmetic restoration after cancer surgery or accident.

By, Debosmita Mondal, BME, 3rd year.

Implant inserted inside the vein of brains for paralyzed
patient to control their mind by themselves and give
output in computer.

The brain computer interface inserted and threaded through the Jugular
vein in the neck instead of implanted directly into the brain. The Stanford is
a flexible mesh tube that resembles a heart stent and is designed to capture
nearly brain activity using tiny electrodes on the surface of the neck. It sends
the brain signal to the 2nd device placed in chest then, it delivered the signals
to the brain computer and we can get data from the paralyzed patient.

By, Soumya Das, BME, 3rd Year.

Lithotripsy: -

Lithotripsy is a type of medical procedure. It typically uses ultrasound shock
waves or a laser to break down stones in the kidney, gallbladder, or ureters.
There are two main types of lithotripsies — ESWL and FURSL — and the
procedure usually lasts between 30 minutes and 2 hours.

By, Anwesha Chowdhury, BME, 3Rd Year

Prosthesis: -

A prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which
may be lost through disease or a condition present of birth such as a tooth,
a facial bone, the plate late or a joint etc. Prosthesis can play an important
role in rehabilitation. For many people, an artificial limb can improve
mobility and the ability to manage daily activities. As well as provide the
means to stay independent.
Several recent surgical innovations have improved the functionality of
myoelectric prostheses. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical
procedure that gives traumatically or surgically transected nerves a new
motor target. The procedure has dual advantages: preventing or treating
painful neuromas and improving myoelectric prosthesis functionality. These
range from implants placed on or within peripheral nerves to those that
directly stimulate the somatosensory cortex. Cuff electrodes preserve nerve
integrity. Collaboration between surgeons, rehabilitation specialists,
therapists, prosthetists, engineers, and industry stakeholders will be
necessary.

By, Nabaneeta Kar, BME, 3rd Year

IoT and Deep learning in healthcare system: -

➢ IoT can automate patient care workflow with the help healthcare
mobility solution and other new technologies, and next-gen
healthcare facilities. IoT in healthcare enables interoperability,
machine-to-machine communication, information exchange, and data
movement that makes healthcare service delivery effective.

➢ Deep learning provides the healthcare industry with the ability to
analyze data at exceptional speeds without compromising on
accuracy. It's not machine learning, nor is it AI, it's an elegant blend of
both that uses a layered algorithmic architecture to sift through data
at an astonishing rate.

Fluoroscopy: -

Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that shows a continuous X-ray
image on a monitor, much like an X-ray movie. During a fluoroscopy
procedure, an X-ray beam is passed through the body.

AI in Medical Technology: -

AI increases the ability for healthcare professionals to better understand the
day-to-day patterns and needs of the people they care for, and with that
understanding they are able to provide better feedback, guidance and
support for staying healthy.

Ai in Medical Imaging system can detect coronavirus.
By, Utsab Ray, BME, 3rd Year

Information Technology in Healthcare :-

Information Technology in Healthcare is a blessing. The advantages of health
information technology (IT) include facilitating communication between
health care providers, improving medication safety, tracking, and reporting,
and promoting quality of care through optimized access to and adherence to
guidelines. Health IT systems permit the collection of data for use for quality
management, outcome reporting, and public health disease surveillance and
reporting. However, improvement is needed with all health IT, especially
regarding design, implementation, and integration between platforms within
the work environment. It is a critical factor for safe care. Significant patient
safety concerns already have been recognized, it is important to keep patient
safety and quality as the primary focus.

By, Debarima Das, BME, 3rd year.

NANOROBOTS: -

Scientists are trying their best to designing nano-sized robots that are belong
nano range to enter the bloodstream and perform certain tasks, such as kill
cancer cells.
Nanorobot designs include DNA-based structures containing cancer-fighting
drugs which bind only with a specific protein found on cancer tumors/cells.
After attachment, the robot releases its drug into the tumor and destroy
them.
By delivering the pharmaceutical drugs exactly where they are needed, the
body has no chance of being toxic in nature, and the side effects are less
intense, improving the patient health.

By, Tufan Paul, BME, 3rd Year

Brachytherapy and Teletherapy: -

Sealed radioactive sources have been popularly used for beneficial purposes
all over the world in medicine and industry. Sealed source is a radioactive
source which is encapsulated into a solid material. Teletherapy is giving
radiation externally. Brachytherapy is inserting radioactive material in the
tissues to give radiation. Brachytherapy can be temporary or permanent. In
Temporary brachytherapy radioactive material placed inside a catheter for a
particular amount of time and then removed it. Teletherapy is the most
common method of radiotherapy. In teletherapy the dose of radiation is
delivered to a well-defined area of the body that is affected by the disease.

Brachytherapy Teletherapy
By, Swagata Roy, BME, 3rd Year