Novel Fabrics with Conductive Fibres

Novel Fabrics with Conductive
Fibres

* TEI PIRAEUS Savvas Vassiliadis* ** NTUA

Christopher Provatidis**
Kleanthis Prekas*
Maria Rangussi*

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Permanent trends in the textile
technological evolution

• Availability of products
• Higher quality
• Lower prices

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Current Conditions

• Product driven procedures
• Open markets – Globalization
• International competition
• Adoption of quality systems worldwide

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Consumers criteria:

• In the past:

– Country of origin
– Brand name

• Now:

– Quality assurance systems
– Supply chains integrity

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Textile science and technology

• In the past:

– Self-standing field

• Now:

– Dynamically interacting
– Interdisciplinary development

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Roles of clothes

• Traditionally:

– Protection
– Aesthetic pleasure
– Social promotion

• Additionally now:

– Multifunctionality

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Characteristics of the smart textiles

• Intelligent
• Interacting

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Electronic + Textiles = e-textiles

• Integration of electronic and computer
operations

• Supporting of telecommunications needs
• Increased and active role of the textile parts

(Textile parts are not only carriers of the
electronic systems)

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Examples of e-textiles applications

• Wearable motherboard
• Embedded Mobile phones
• Embedded Mp3 players
• Embedded GPS

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Electrically conductive yarns

• Transfer of power 10
• Transmission of signals from and to:

– Sensors
– Transmitters
– Microcontrollers etc.

• Traditional use in:

– Heating
– Electromagnetic protection

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Electrically conductive fibres

• Textile polymers are isolators
• Electrical conductivity is reached by:

– Modification of the structure of the polymer
– Addition of conductive materials

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Metallic wires and tapes

• Interlaced into the fabric structure
• Limited flexibility
• Increased weight
• Cutting problems
• Main application in electromagnetic

shielding

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Modification of the structure of
the fabrics

• Impregnation using antistatic agents
• Coating using conductive substances

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Electrically conductive polymers

• Polyaniline
• Polyamide-11
• Polyvinilalcohol
Drawbacks:

– Limited flexibility
– Use only in blends with conventional fibres

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Modification of polymers

• Filling with electroconductive powder
• Vacuum spread metal
• Galvanic coating
• Chemical coating

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Metallisation of acrylic fibres

• Process after the spinneret (gel phase)
• Immersion in bath containing Ni salts
• Washing and drafting
• Metal content 3-4%
• After galvanic treatment: 15%

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Microscopic view of metallized
acrylic fibres

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Microscopic view of metallized
acrylic fibres

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Electrically conductive yarns

nm

∑ ∑Rtot = R fi + Rcj
i=1 j=1

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Set-up for DC measurements

yarn

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View of a blended acrylic
conductive yarn

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Electrical behaviour of a yarn in
relaxed condition

I=f(V) (length of specimen 40 cm)

I (µA) 140
120
100 10 20 30 40 50
V (V)
80
60
40
20

0
0

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Electrical conductivity vs
mechanical loading (a)

I=f(V,W) (length of specimen 40 cm)

I (µA) 900 20 g
800 30 g
700 40 g
600 50 g
500 60 g
400
300 10 20 30 40 50
200 V (V)
100

0
0

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Electrical conductivity vs
mechanical loading (b)

I=f(V,W) (length of specimen 40 cm)

I (µΑ) 800 70 g
700 80 g
600 90 g
500 100 g
400 130 g
300 150 g
200
100 10 20 30 40 50
V (V)
0
0

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I (µA) Electrical conductivity vs 5V
10 V
mechanical loading (c) 15 V
20 V
I = f(W,V) (length of specimen 40cm) 25 V
30 V
900 35 V
800 40 V
700
600
500
400
300
200
100

0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 130 150
W (g)

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Conductivity over various
lengths of specimens

I=f(V,L) (axial tension 50g)

I=µΑ 3000 4cm
2500 2cm
2000 1cm
1500
1000 10 20 30 40 50
V (V)
500
0
0

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Electrically conductive fabric

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Conductivity in free and weaved
condition

I=f(V) (length of specimen 40 cm)

I (µΑ) 600 YARN
500 FABRIC
400
300 10 20 30 40 50
200 V (V)
100

0
0

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1/1 and 2/1 fabrics

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Conductivity of 1/1 and 2/1 patterns

I=f(V) for 1/1 and 2/1 patterns
(length of specimen 40 cm)

I (µA) 250 1/1
200 2/1
150
100 10 20 30 40 50
V (V)
50
0
0

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Use of conductive fabric (1)

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Use of conductive fabric (2)

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Use of conductive fabric (3)

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Use of conductive fabric (4)

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Acknowledgments

• We thank Prof. Dr. Halima Alimova, Rector and Prof. Dr.
Djamal Akbarov, Vice-Rector of TITLI for providing us
the conductive material.

• This research work has been supported by the EU and the
Greek Ministry of Education in the frame of the program
“Archimedes”.

TEI PIRAEUS NTUA

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