2022 Certification Study Guide 3.1.22

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AFA Certification Guide
An Official Publication of the American Farrier’s Association™
14th Edition: 2022

Published by the American Farrier’s Association, Inc.

Copyright 2012, American Farrier’s Association™. All rights
reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means,
unless permitted by law, without the express written permission
of the American Farrier’s Association.

American Farriers Association
4059 Iron Works Parkway, Suite #1
Lexington KY 40511
Phone: 859-233-7411
Fax: 859-231-7862
Email: [email protected]
www.americanfarriers.org
2

An Introduction to the
American Farrier’s Association
Certification Program

Since 1971, the mission of the American Farrier’s Association (AFA)
has focused on upgrading equine welfare through excellence in the
practice of equine hoof care and farriery. Educating farriers in the
art and science of farriery has been central to this goal. By expanding
knowledge and honing physical skills through the AFA’s education and
certification programs, AFA farriers provide better, more professional
services to horses and the people who use and enjoy them.

The AFA’s Certification Program began in 1981 and is refined on a regular
basis. The program stresses standardized examination processes designed to
assess trimming and shoeing skills. In addition to testing these “hands-on”
aspects of competency, the program includes written examinations designed
to test comprehension of equine anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics.

Participation in the program is voluntary and is one of the many benefits
available to American Farrier’s Association members. The testing process
is challenging, but the rewards are great. Farriers that participate in the
program increase their knowledge and hone their physical skills through
accepting the challenge of the certification process. Ultimately, the program
provides an avenue for farriers to distinguish themselves to their colleagues,
their peers, and the horse-owning public.

The AFA is at the center of the horseshoeing industry, providing a means for
farriers to stay abreast of new techniques, new products, new technology, and
the latest research and information relating to hoof care. To assist farriers
as they prepare for the certification process, the AFA offers Pre-Certification
Workshops.

Information about Pre-Certification Workshops and Certification events is
available from any of the local, state, or regional chapters of the AFA and
from the headquarters of the American Farrier’s Association. Contact the
AFA (859-233-7411) or visit the AFA website (www.americanfarriers.org)
to obtain schedules and contact information.

3 Introduction Introduction 3

This booklet is intended to help candidates focus on areas that are tested
during the certification process. Although it is comprehensive in relation to
the rules and standards, it is neither question nor answer specific. Candidates
must be knowledgeable of the entire subject matter and should not anticipate
specific questions or specific answers.

Please note that this study guide is under constant revision.
Please refer to the AFA website, www.americanfarriers.org, for
the latest updates.

If you still have a question after reviewing this material, do not hesitate to
contact the AFA.

4 Introduction Introduction 4

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5 5 ConteCnotsntents Table of Contents 5

66

1CHAPTER

Levels of Certification

The AFA’s Farrier Certification Program consists of three categories:
Classification, Certification, and Endorsement. Within these categories, the
Certification and Endorsement designations have associated options and
levels of progression.

Certification is at the center of this program, but Classification and
Endorsement are integral and valuable components, designed to make
the program viable for the entire farrier community. The Classification
component provides opportunities for entry-level farriers, while the
Endorsement component provides opportunities for farriers who have
completed the highest level of Certification.

Candidates at each level are expected to display hoof trimming skills and
techniques to meet everyday demands of correct hoof care, the skills to
apply horseshoes and other appliances to exacting prescriptions, forging
skills needed to modify or make a variety of horseshoes, and a knowledge of
equine anatomy and physiology. Testing and evaluation are critically applied
to maintain the highest standards of workmanship and professionalism.

AFA FARRIER CLASSIFICATION (AFA FARRIER)

The entry-level component of the Farrier Certification Program, this
classification focuses on basic concerns associated with safe, sound farriery,
relieving the candidate from certain time constraints and higher level forge
work associated with certification. The AFA Farrier Classification requires
that candidates successfully complete written and practical testing, including
the creation of a brief horseshoe display. This classification is not a pre-
requisite for any subsequent certification level.

CERTIFIED FARRIER (AFA CF)

The Certified Farrier exams, which constitute the first level of AFA
Certification, are open to farriers who have demonstrated knowledge and
skill to perform hoof care on a professional basis. The Certified Farrier

C7hapterCh1 ap|terL1eLveevleslsooff CCeertritfiifciactiaotnion 7

process requires successful completion of written and practical
testing, as well as the creation and explanation of a horseshoe display.

CERTIFIED TRADESMAN FARRIER (AFA CTF)

The Certified Tradesman Farrier exams, which constitute a second (optional)
level of AFA Certification, are open to farriers who have completed the CF
level. The Certified Tradesman Farrier process requires successful
completion of written and practical testing, including the forging and fitting
of a specific handmade shoe within a prescribed time limit. The shoe must fit
a pre-determined foot pattern.

CERTIFIED JOURNEYMAN FARRIER (AFA CJF)

The Certified Journeyman Farrier exams, which constitute the highest level
of AFA certification, are open to candidates who have completed the CF
level. Farriers sitting for this level of certification are expected to display in-
depth knowledge and highly developed performance skills evidencing a level
of professional artistry. The process requires successful completion of
written and practical testing, as well as the forging of a specific bar shoe
within a prescribed time limit. The shoe must fit a pre-determined
foot pattern.

SPECIALTY ENDORSEMENTS

Certified Journeyman Farriers have the opportunity to continue their pursuit
of education and professional development through the Specialty
Endorsement component. Some areas of hoof care require highly specialized
knowledge and skill. These may involve working with particular breeds,
activities, or disciplines, or working with equine veterinarians to provide
relief from suffering by horses that have been neglected, received inadequate
hoof care, or have been affected by disease or trauma.

Specialty Endorsements at the Certified Journeyman Farrier level are
available for the Therapeutic Endorsement, Specialty Forging, and
Educational Endorsement. A general overview of this program is provided
on pages 32-34 of this booklet. More specific details and requirements are
available through the AFA office.

8 ChCahpatpeterr 11 L|eveLlseovfeClserotificCaetiorntificatio8n

2CHAPTER

AFA Farrier Classification

AFA FARRIER CLASSIFICATION (FC) REQUIREMENTS

PURPOSE & PREREQUISITES
This component, which focuses on basic concerns associated with safe,
sound farriery, provides testing experience and recognition for entry-level
participants in the profession and for those candidates who are unable to
complete the Certified Farrier exams within the required time limits. This
is a CLASSIFICATION only, NOT a certification; it is not a pre-requisite
for any subsequent certification level, and no minimum time of prior
practice or experience in hoof care is established for this classification.

1. Written Test

Format: Multiple choice
Passing: A score of 70% or higher on the Certified Farrier written test

Written Examination Study Outline
Subjects covered in the written examination include all items listed under the
AFA Certified Farrier written test (set forth on pages 11-12).

2. Practical Examination (2 Parts)
Part 2a - Shoeing

Format: Hands-on, performance examination. Candidates shoe two
feet, either a front pair or a hind pair, with shoes of the candidate’s
choice appropriate for the horse. Candidates are responsible for
providing a horse handler.
Time Limit*: One hour and 30 minutes. Old shoes may be removed
before time starts.
Scoring: Trimming and shoeing is examined and scored in three parts:

1. Hoof preparation: Scored during the examination’s time
limit.

2. Shoe preparation and fit: Scored during the
examination’s time limit

3. Nailing, clinching and finishing: Scored after the time limit.

Chap9ter 2 C| haApFteAr 2FAaFrArieFrarCrielar sCslaifsisciafictaiotinon 9

All scoring is done on-site by the Approved Examiner (and/or by AFA
Approved Tester(s)) and recorded on official score sheets.
Passing: 60% or higher
*Overtime Certified Farrier candidates may apply their score to this level
opting for the additional time. Correct work is more important than the
efficiency or speed.
Part 2b – Horseshoe Display

Format: Hands-on, performance examination, including an oral
component. Candidates bring a prepared display to the examination
site.
Time Limit: 30 minutes
Scoring: Displays are examined and scored by the standards set
forth on pages 13-21, exclusive of the on-site, timed
modification and the oral explanation/defense.
Passing: AFA Farrier Classification shoe displays must meet
the basic criteria set forth on page 13, and candidates must have a
passing score on six of the 11 modifications.
Note: The six passing modifications will be applied toward the
Certified Farrier Horseshoe Display when/if the candidate chooses to
sit for the CF exams, given that s/he chooses to do so within the two-
year time frame. Should the candidate choose to apply these shoes,
s/he should present the modifications along with the five additional
modifications required for the CF examinations.

10 CChahpatepr 2teArF2A Fa| rriAerFCAlaFssaifricraietironClassif1ic0ation

3CHAPTER

CERTIFIED FARRIER

AFA CERTIFIED FARRIER CLASSIFICATION (CF) REQUIREMENTS

PREREQUISITES
The Certified Farrier is a farrier who has demonstrated knowledge and skill
to perform hoof care on a professional basis. It is recommended that
candidates have two years of experience as a farrier prior to taking the AFA
certification tests.

EXAMINATION COMPONENTS
1. Written Examination
Format: Multiple choice
Passing: 80% or higher (A score of 70% or higher on the Certified Farrier
written test may be applied toward AFA Farrier Classification).

Written Examination Study Outline
Subjects covered in the written examination include all items listed below.
Some questions pertaining to the AFA Certification testing rules and
procedures may be included.

Bones and Joints: Identify and locate the bones and joints of the
lower limb from the carpus or tarsus to the distal end of the limb.
Demonstrate an understanding of growth plates and joints.

Hoof Structure: Demonstrate knowledge of the construction, function,
and location of the hoof structures and how they contribute to a sound,
healthy foot. Include hoof wall growth rate comparisons.

Tendons and Ligaments: Demonstrate a fundamental understanding
of the suspensory apparatus. Correctly identify (by common and/
or scientific names) definitions, functions and origin and insertion of
all tendons and the major ligaments of the lower limb. Recognize the
effect of changing medial/lateral and anterior/posterior hoof balance
on individual tendons and suspensory ligaments.

11 ChCahpaptteerr 33Ce|rtifCieed rFtairfrieiedr Farrier 11

Blood Circulation: Demonstrate basic knowledge of the circulation system
of the hoof and lower leg. Know the attributes and functions of arteries,
capillaries, and veins. Identify structures that aid circulation of blood within
the hoof.

Pathology: Recognize definitions, anatomy involved, and possible causes
of the following conditions: bowed tendons, splints, thrush, laminitis,
founder, ringbone, carpitis, corns, osslets, sheared heel, stringhalt, and
navicular lameness. Recognize factors in identifying the affected limb(s) and
locating lameness.

Horseshoes: Have an understanding of nail placement in relationship to
hoof structure. Demonstrate an understanding of the design and function of
modifications required in the Horseshoe Display practical examination and
how they may affect the horse. Understand horseshoe features such as wide
web, full swedge, half round, heel caulks, and toe grabs. Understand form
and function of heart bar shoes.

Conformation, Gaits, and Physiology: Know all gaits of the horse
including their definitions and differences. Know differences within a gait
when applicable. Know all gait problems and faults (e.g. forging, brushing,
speedy cutting, scalping, cross firing, elbow hitting, overreaching, etc.).
Know how conformation affects the physiology of the horse and how the
horse moves (winging, paddling, etc.).

2. Practical Examination (2 Parts)
Part 2a - Shoeing

Format: Hands-on performance examination. Candidates shoe two
feet, either a front pair or a hind pair, with shoes of the candidate’s
choice appropriate for the horse. Clipped shoes may be used, however,
the clips must be made by the candidate during the practical exam. If
the candidate chooses to use clipped shoes, scoring will be incorporated
under the category of “shoe fit.” Candidates are responsible for
providing a horse handler.
Time Limit: One Hour (old shoes may be removed before time starts).
Scoring: Trimming and shoeing is examined and scored in three parts:
1. Hoof preparation: Scored during the examination’s time limit
2. Shoe preparation and fit: Scored during the examination’s time limit.
3. Nailing, clinching and finishing: Scored after the time limit.
4. A score of three (3) on any section of the practical will result

in failure of the test.

12 ChapteCrh3apte|r 3CCeerrttififieieddFaFrraierrrier 12

All scoring is done on-site by the Approved Examiner (and/or by AFA
approved Tester(s), and recorded on official score sheets.
Passing: 70% or higher (A score of 60% or higher on the Certified Farrier
test may be applied toward AFA Farrier Classification.)
Part 2b - Horseshoe Display

Format: Hands-on, performance examination, including an oral
component. Candidates bring a prepared horseshoe display to the
examination site. Upon acceptance of the display, candidates proceed to
a timed component, producing one modification on site. Candidates will
be asked for an oral explanation/defense concerning any aspect of the
modifications and their applications.
Passing: 70% or higher on each modification
Time Limit: On site modification, 30 minutes
Scoring: Displays are examined and scored by the following standards.

HORSESHOE DISPLAY GUIDELINES

▪ Displays are an example of a candidate’s finest workmanship,
evidence of the ability to make or modify horseshoes according to the
list of eleven modifications.

▪ Quality of the horseshoes conforms to guidelines established and
presented throughout this booklet: shoes are flat, have proper nail
placement and fit, have a smooth finish with no sharp edges, extensions
are boxed, stock is not pinched or spread excessively in any spot in
relation to its original dimensions.

▪ All modifications are made or applied by the candidate.
▪ A shoe may have more than one modification but must be useable.

Candidates may be ask to defend the appropriateness and functionality of
any shoe submitted.
▪ All displays incorporate both front and hind patterned shoes and all front
or hind shoes are made for the same front or hind foot.
▪ An appropriate nail (or nails) is included with the display.

Template patterns:
▪ Candidates are required to submit one front and one hind metal plate. No

specific patterns (templates) are designated or specified. Candidates may
use patterns of their own design or purchase a set of pattern plates
from the AFA.
▪ Metal patterns have a clearly defined frog, bearing surface, defined
point of heels, white line and accommodation for clip fit. The candidate
is responsible for modifying plates for clip fit.

13 ChCahpapteterr 33Ce|rtifCieedrFtaifrrieiedr Farrier 13

AFA templates modified for clip fit

Scoring:
▪ All modifications must be present when the display is initially submitted

for evaluation. Partial displays will not be scored.
▪ Fit to the template: Widest point forward, +/- 1/16thinch tolerance

from the edge of the template. Widest point back, the shoe covers
the entire bearing surface of the foot, minimum acceptable is a perimeter
fit, maximum allowed is ¾ or 75% of the stock width outside of the hoof
wall for expansion and length past the bearing surface of the heel. An
exception is given for the shoe with a pad.
▪ Each horseshoe fitting the candidate’s template pattern will be
scored.
▪ A score of 7 or higher on each modification is the passing standard.
▪ A candidate whose horseshoe display has 10 of the 11 modifications
meeting the standard may continue to the demonstration portion of the
exam as long as the non-passing modification would not be detrimental
to the horse (score 4 - 6). A passing score on the demonstrated
modification will satisfy the horseshoe display requirements.
▪ A display with more than one failed modification must be rectified and
horseshoes fitting the candidate’s patterns submitted for evaluation at a
future examination. The original Horseshoe Display Partial Completion
form is submitted as evidence of modifications previously passed.
▪ Testers / Examiner write clear concise constructive comments on
the Horseshoe Display Partial Completion Form relative to any failing
modification(s).

14 Chapter 3 Certified Farrier 14
Chapter 3 | Certified Farrier

HORSESHOE DISPLAY
MODIFICATION DESCRIPTIONS

1. Clips-Toe and Quarter (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4)

10 - Clip is properly located, toe clip at center of toe, quarter clips between
1st and 2nd nail holes. (figures 1, 2)
Thicker at the base and tapering to a thinner peak. (figure 3)
Height is approximately twice the thickness of the stock measured from
foot surface and is not sharply pointed. (figures 1, 2)
Width, at the base, is between two to three times the stock thickness.
(figures 1, 2)
Source hole appropriate size, foot surface behind clip flat with no cold
shuts. (figures 3, 4)
Clip forged flush with the outside perimeter of the shoe stock and pitched
at the hoof wall angle. (figure 3, 4).

Figure 5 Figure 7

Figure 6 Figure 8

8,6,4 - Varying degrees of error in location, thickness, height, width,
taper, etc. Source hole damages a nail hole, or disrupts shoe shape or
stock dimension. Clip not forged flush with shoe stock. (figures 8) Clip
base so thick as to require excessive hot seating in order to be properly
fitted. (figures 5, 6, 7, 8)

3- Gross exaggeration/combination of poor features or detrimental to the horse

Chapter 3 | Certified Farrier 15

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Rolled toe extremely off center, stock width excessively altered, roll
3- Reoxllceedsstioveeleyxtsrheomrteloyr oloffngceonntetro,es.toDcektrwimidetnhtaelxtcoesthsievheloyrsael,teerge.de, xrocellssive

seoxlceespsrievsesluyres,hsoerrtiooruslolyngcoomnptoroem. Diseetdrimnaeilntpaolstiotiothne. horse, eg. excessive
sole pressure, seriously compromised nail position.
4. Rocker Toe (Figures 13, 14)
4. Rocker Toe (Figures 13, 14)

FFiigguurree 1133 FFiigguurree 1144

10 - Rocker is centeredFoignurteh1e3toe and perpendicuFlaigrutroe 1th4e centerline of the
10 -fRoootc.k(efrigiusrcee1n4te)red on the toe and perpendicular to the centerline of the
Ifnocoot.r(pfoigrautrees114/2) to 3/4 of the width of the shoe stock on the hoof bearing
sInucrfoarcpeo.r(aftiegsu1re/21t4o) 3/4 of the width of the shoe stock on the hoof bearing
Gsurrofuacned. s(ufirgfuacree 1ro4c)ked to the thickness of the shoe. (figure 13)
GHorooufnsdursfuarcfeacime rmocekdeiadtetloytbheehtihnidcktnheesrsoocfkethreisshfloaet,. w(fitghubreen1d3)crisp,
cHloeaonf,saunrfdacneeaitm. Gmreoduiantde-lbyebaerihnigndsuthrfeacroecikmemr iesdfilaatte,lwy ibthehbinenddthcerirsopc, ker is
fcllaetaann, danodnntehaet.saGmroeupnldan-beeaasritnhgesruersftaocfetihmemgreoduiantdelbyebareihnigndsutrhfeacroecokfetrhies
sflhaotea.n(dfigounrtehse1s3a)me plane as the rest of the ground bearing surface of the
shoe. (figures 13)

8,6,4- Varying degrees of error, e.g. altered shoe shape, nail hole
8,6,4- Vpoasriytinong/dpeigtcrhee. s of error, e.g. altered shoe shape, nail hole

position/ pitch.

3- Detrimental to the horse, e.g. sole pressure, seriously
Dceotrmimpreonmtailsteodtnhaeilhpoorsseit,ieo.ng.. sole pressure, seriously
compromised nail position.

55.. HHiinndd SShhooee wwiitthh EExxtteennddeedd HHeeeellss ((FFiigguurree 1155))

FFiigguurree 1155

Figure 15

10- Extensions are parallel with the centerline of the foot and
a1r0e- aEpxptreonpsriioanteslayrebopxaeradl.leBlowxiitnhgtnhoetcteonetexrcleineed oofvtehre½fotohteatnhdickness of the
saerectaiopnp,roshparirapteelydgbeosxhedav. eBboexeinngrenmototvoeedx. cEexetdenosvieorn½s atrheeatshliocknngeasss tohfetshheoe
ssteocctikonw,isdhtharmp eeadsugreesdhfarvoembetheentreermmoinvaeldb. eEaxrtienngspiooninstaoref tahselotenmgpalsattehepasthtoeren.
stock width measured from the terminal beCarhCCianhhpgaappteptteerorr 33i3nCCtee|orrttiifffCiiteehedderFFtaaitfrrerrieiimeedrr pFlaatreriepratter1n7.
17
17 Chapter 3 Certified Farrier

rErEeexxsstttteeoonnffssiittoohhnneesssshhaarrooeeee..ffll((aaffttiiggwwuuiirrtteehh11tthh55ee)) ggrroouunndd bbeeaarriinngg ssuurrffaaccee ooff tthhee hhooooff aanndd tthhee
88,,66,,44ooppoffo--iittVVnnhhtteeaaeerrddffiioooo,, oouunnttssaa,,rrddnnrrooeeooggwwtt rrppeeeerrddeeoo,,ssppooooeerrffrrlltteeyyrrrraarrbbiioollooeerrxxrreeeeee..ddddgg,,..ff,,rrttoooonnoommoottssttpphhhhaaooeerrrraattcclleeoolleennrrllttlleeoowwrrnnlliiiiggttnnhh..eeEEtthhooxxeefftteettcchhnneeeessnniittffooeeoonnrroollssiittnn..aaeerree
3ED- xaEtDnexgnatenesringooseunirossonuoesxrscedoexersctdsreiiesvmtserieilvmynetelpaynlottpianooltitetnhodte,ethsdhheo, asrhrshopear,raspnen,adarn/rnoaodrrwr/oooetrwdho,eetdsrhh,heosorhrrhtos,oerortsr,s.eolosr.nlogn. g.
66.. SSttrraaiigghhtt BBaarr SShhooee ((FFiigguurree 1166))

Figure 16
Figure 16

1100-- BBpipisseeaassrrrrppttrriieeaassnniissggddoohhiillccttii..uuddIIllllaaffyyrrttwwhhwweeeeiirrlltteeddhheeiiccssddeeaaoonnttrrffeerrbboorrllrrggiiaannzzppeeeellaaddoott..ffeeOO,,tthhiiuutteettiieeffssrrooccooppeettee..nnrr((ttiieeffmmiirrggeeeeuuddtteerrooeerr nnee11dd66tthhgg))eeee bbooaaffrrtthhaaeennddbbaarr
88,,66,,44ww--iiWWtthh eecclleeddnniittsseerrwwlliieennaaeekkoo..ffVVffaaoorrooiittoo..uuss ddeeggrreeeess ooff eerrrroorr,, eegg.. bbaarr iiss nnoott ppeerrppeennddiiccuullaarr
3- BBffaaoorrooiittss.. nnDDooeettttrrwwiimmeelleeddnneettddaa..llBBttooaarrtthhiieess eehhxxoottrrrrsseeeemm.. eellyy ccrrooookkeedd ttoo tthhee cceenntteerrlliinnee ooff tthhee
77.. SShhooee ttoo rraaiissee hhooooff aannggllee ((FFiigguurree 1177))

Figure 17
Figure 17

1100-- TToorrhheewwrreeeeddiiggsseeaappnnaaooddttiiffccrreeooaammbblleetthheeeevvtteeoonnee ggttoorraahhddeeuueeaallttssii..oo((nnffiiooggffuuaarreenngg11ll77ee))oonn hhooooff ssuurrffaaccee ooff tthhee sshhooee
18 ChapterCC3hhaapptt|eerr C33 CCeeerrrtttiiifffiiieeedddFFFaaarrrriireerrrier 1188

88,,66,,44-- VVaarryyiinngg ddeeggrreeeess ooff uunneevveennnneessss ttoo tthhee ggrraadduuaattiioonn oonn hhooooff ssuurrffaaccee ooff tthhee
sshhooee oorr wweeddggee ppaadd..

22-- NNoo ggrraadduuaattiioonn ooff aannggllee ffrroomm ttooee ttoo hheeeell.. SShhooee iiss ddeettrriimmeennttaall ttoo tthhee hhoorrssee..
88.. SShhooee wwiitthh ppaadd ((ffiinniisshheedd aass iiff oonn hhooooff)) ((FFiigguurree 1188))

FFiigguurree 1188

1100 –– PPaadd iiss rriivveetteedd aatt tthhee hheeeellss ((wwiitthh CCooppppeerr RRiivveett,, CCooppppeerr SSllaattiinngg NNaaiill,,
rrooooffiinngg nnaaiill,, BBrriigghhtt BBooxx nnaaiill,, oorr BBrraassss RRiivveett))
SShhooee mmaayy nneeeedd ttoo bbee sslliigghhttllyy ffuulllleerr aanndd lloonnggeerr tthhaann tthhee ffoooott//ppaatttteerrnn ttoo
ccoommppeennssaattee ffoorr ppaadd tthhiicckknneessss.. ((ffiigguurree 1188))
FFoooott ssuurrffaaccee ooff ppaadd mmaattcchheess tthhee ppaatttteerrnn tteemmppllaattee aanndd iiss bbeevveelleedd ttoo tthhee
sshhooee.. TThhee hheeeellss aarree aapppprroopprriiaatteellyy bbooxxeedd.. PPaadd mmuusstt ccoovveerr tthhee eennttiirree
ssuurrffaaccee ooff tthhee ffoooott..

88,,66,,44-- VVaarryyiinngg ddeeggrreeeess ooff eerrrroorr,, ee..gg.. sshhooee ssiizzee ddooeess nnoott aaccccoommmmooddaattee ppaadd
tthhiicckknneessss,, nnaaiill hhoollee ppoossiittiioonn//ppiittcchh,, ssoollee pprreessssuurree,, llaacckk ooff bbeevveelliinngg//bbooxxiinngg
ooff ppaadd..

3- DDeettrriimmeennttaall ttoo tthhee hhoorrssee,, ee..gg.. nnaaiill ppoossiittiioonn,, ffoooott//lliimmbb nnoott ssuuppppoorrtteedd,, nnoott
ccoovveerriinngg tthhee eennttiirree ssuurrffaaccee ooff tthhee rroooott,, nnoott rriivveetteedd aatt tthhee hheeeellss..

99.. TTwwoo ttyyppeess ooff TTrraaccttiioonn DDeevviicceess ((FFiigguurreess 1199))

1100 -- AAllll ttrraaccttiioonn ddeevviicceess mmaannuuffaaccttuurreedd oorr aapppplliieedd bbyy tthhee ccaannddiiddaattee aanndd aarree
aapppprroopprriiaattee ttoo tthhee ssiizzee aanndd ttyyppee ooff hhoorrsseesshhooee.. TThheessee mmaayy iinncclluuddee,, bbuutt aarree
nnoott lliimmiitteedd ttoo:: ccrreeaassiinngg//ffuulllleerriinngg,, ssccrreeww--iinn oorr ddrriivvee--iinn ssttuuddss,, bblloocckk hheeeellss,, jjaarr
ccaauullkkss,, ttuunnggsstteenn ppiinnss,, ccaarrbbiiddee ppaarrttiicclleess ((bboorriiuumm oorr ddrriillll tteecchh))..
TTwwoo ddiiffffeerreenntt ttrraaccttiioonnss mmaayy bbee aapppplliieedd ttoo aa ssiinnggllee hhoorrsseesshhooee ((ffiigguurree 1199))..
TThhee uussee ooff ccoonnccaavvee bbaarr ssttoocckk iiss nnoott aann aacccceeppttaabbllee ttrraaccttiioonn ddeevviiccee.. ((WWhheenn
aa sshhooee iiss ddrriilllleedd aanndd ttaappppeedd,, tthheerree mmuusstt bbee aa ssttuudd//bboolltt iinn tthhee hhoollee..))
1199 ChCCahhpaatppetteerrr333 CCee|rrttiiCffiieeeddrFFtiaafrrirreiieedrr Farrier 19

8,6,4- Varying degrees of error, eg. poor craftsmanship.
3- Detrimental to the horse.
10. Trailer (Figure 20)

Figure 20

10 - Trailer extends laterally from the centerline of the foot and is longer
than the medial heel. (figure 20)
Trailer length equals shoe stock width measured from the terminal
bearing point of the template pattern.
Trailer maintains stock dimensions, is flat with the ground bearing
surface of the hoof and the rest of the shoe and is appropriately boxed.
Boxing not to exceed over ½ the thickness of the section, sharp edges
have been removed. Horseshoe with trailer maintains correct nail hole
location.

8,6,4- Various degrees of error, e.g., not properly boxed, too short or long,
pointed, or narrowed.

3- Trailer excessively pointed, narrowed, short, or long. Shoe does not
cover the foot. Dangerous or otherwise detrimental to the horse or other
horses.

11. Punched Nail Hole (Figures 21, 22,23)

Figure 21

20 Chapter 3 | Certified Farrier

Chapter 3 Certified Farrier 20

FFigiguurree 22 Figure 23

10 - Nail hole is properly pitched and positioned at or in front of the widest
part of the foot. Nail size appropriate for shoe and foot pattern. Nail
hole is positioned over the white line. Nail hole punched through a fac-
tory or candidate forged fullering groove is acceptable. (figure 21, 22)

8,6,4 - Varying degrees of error, eg. nail coarse or fine, nail hole tight or
sloppy. Size not appropriate to foot size. (figure 22, 23)

3 - Excessively coarse or fine. (figure 23) Nail hole behind widest part of foot.

HORSESHOE DISPLAY DEMONSTRATION

▪ Candidates will make one modification to a horseshoe and fit that shoe
to an assigned pattern at the test site. The time limit is 30 minutes.
▪ The candidate will be assigned the modification to be made and
the foot pattern to be fit under direction of the approved Examiner.
▪ Candidates must provide all tools, equipment, and materials used

for the on-site modification demonstration. The use of power tools at
an examination site is at the discretion of the Approved Examiner
based on safety.

HORSESHOE DISPLAY ORAL PRESENTATION

Candidates demonstrate an understanding of the application and the function
of the display horseshoes and modifications in an oral examination.
Candidates must be prepared to provide definitions for and explanations of
all modifications, including, but not limited to, concerns such as;
▪ Instances or situations where a submitted shoe or modification would be

used
▪ When it would be applied and/or removed.
▪ How the modification should be applied.
▪ Disadvantages or detriments associated with particularmodifications or shoes
▪ Alternative modifications or devices/ Alternative to

function, type of foot/ hoof that it applied to

21 ChCahpatpeterr33 Ce|rtiCfieedrFtiafrireiedr Farrier 21

4CHAPTER

Certified Tradesman Farrier

AFA CERTIFIED TRADESMAN FARRIER (CTF) REQUIREMENTS

Prerequisites
Candidates must have specific knowledge of the horseshoeing profession.
They must have successfully completed the Certified Farrier examination. If
a candidate starts any section of the Certified Journeyman Farrier exam
within two years of the completion of the Certified Tradesman Farrier exam,
the candidate need not take the Certified Journeyman Farrier written section.
The Certified Journeyman Farrier written exam is the same as the Certified
Tradesman Farrier written exam.

Examination Components

1. Written Examination
Format: Multiple choice
Passing: 80% or higher

2. Written Examination Study Outline

This examination requires more specific knowledge than the two previous,
and considerably more study time must be devoted to passing it. Medical
terminology applies to all anatomical aspects. Some questions pertaining to
the AFA Certification testing rules and procedures may be included.

Bones, Cartilage, and Joints: Demonstrate knowledge of all the bones,
cartilage, and joints in both front and hind limbs of the horse. Understand
how bones are formed and protected, how they function, and their
associated problems. Know comparisons between human and equine
anatomy.

Tendons and Ligaments: Correctly identify and define functions,
origins, and insertions of all tendons and ligaments of both front and
hind limbs. Know pastern, collateral, annular, capsular, and navicular
ligaments. Recognize the effects of changing medial/lateral and anterior/
posterior hoof balance on individual tendons and ligaments.

22 ChCaphtearp4tCeerrt4ified| TrCadeerstmifaiendFaTrrritear desm2a2n Farrier

Blood Circulation: Demonstrate a basic knowledge of the circulatory
system with special emphasis on the hoof.

Hoof Structures: Know, in detail, all elastic and inelastic hoof structures.

Pathology: Demonstrate a knowledge of conditions such as bowed
tendons, gravel, compensatory lameness, splints, thrush, laminitis,
founder, ringbone, sidebone, bone spavin, carpitis, curb, shoe boils,
corns, bucked shins, osslets, sheared heels, pedal osteitis, stringhalt,
and navicular lameness. Know what structures are involved and how
the horse is affected. Know what a farrier may do to help the horse.
Recognize factors in identifying and locating lameness.

Horseshoes: Demonstrate an understanding of the design and function of
various types of horseshoes and how their features may affect the horse.

Gaits and Movement: Define and identify the gaits of the horse. Identify
contributing causes of limb interference and movement problems.
Demonstrate an understanding of how to prevent or work with the
problems.

3. Practical Examination (2 Parts)
Part 2a- Shoeing

Format: Hands-on performance examination. Candidates shoe all four
feet with keg shoes using appropriate shoes and nails. Front shoes will
have forged toe clips and the hind shoes will have forged quarter clips.
Time Limit: Two (2 hours). Old shoes may be removed before the time
starts.
Scoring: Trimming and shoeing is examined and scored in three parts:

1. Hoof preparation: Scored during the examination’s time limit.
2. Shoe preparation and fit: Scored during theexamination’s

time limit.
3. Nailing, clinching and finishing: Scored after the time limit.
4. A score of 3 on any section of the practical will result in

failure of the test.
Two scorers conduct all scoring for this exercise. These scorers may be
any combination of Approved Examiners and/or Approved Testers. All
scores are recorded on official score sheets.
Passing: 70% or higher. A minimum score of 70% on each part of the
test is required before a candidate may proceed to the next part of the test.
Failure to obtain 70% success in any area will require that the candidate

Chapte2r34 | CChearpttiefrie4dCTerrtaifdieed sTmradaensmFaanrFraierrrier 23

stop work. Should a candidate be stopped for any reason, the Approved
Examiner will provide reasons.

Part 2b- Forging of a Three Quarter Fullered Open Heel Shoe
Format: Candidates will forge a three quarter fullered, open heel
shoe from appropriate steel bar stock. The shoe shall be forged to fit
a pattern/foot provided by the Approved Examiner. A score of three
(3) on any criteria will be a fail.
Time Limit: Thirty (30) minutes.
Scoring: The shoe will be judged from the guidelines presented within
this booklet. Two scorers evaluate this shoe. The scorers may be any
combination of Approved Examiners and/or Approved Testers. All scores
are recorded on official score sheets.
Passing: 70% or higher.

Criteria for Scoring
1. Toe fit

10- Perimeter fit from the widest part forward.
9-4- Varying degrees of error to the above criteria that would allow

the shoe to be nailed on. (e.g. toe too narrow/wide, branches not
following the quarter bends, toe dubbed, etc.)
3- Most of the bad characteristics above exist in the fit. Shoe should
not be nailed on a horse.

2. Nail hole depth
10- The nail holes are located over the white line.
9-4- Varying degrees of error to the above criteria.
3- Use of nail holes will result in injury to the horse. Any nail hole
located over the sole of the template is a fail.

3. Expansion
10- Fit center of stock.
8-6-4- Varying degrees of error to the above criteria that would still
allow the shoe to be nailed on.
3- The shoe does not cover the back half of the template. More than
3/4 or 75% of the original stock width, including boxing, outside
of the hoof capsule.

24 Chapter 4 Certified TrCadeerstmifaiendFaTrrritear desm2a4n Farrier
Chapter 4 |

4. H4e.elHleenegltlhength
4.10H- eFe1ilt0lce-neFngittthecreonftesrtoocfks. tock.
8-6-48--V61a-04r--yFiVniatgrcdyeeningtegrredoeefsgsotrofeceksr.roofretrorothretoabthoeveabcorivtercirai.teria.
3- He3e-lsH8a-e6re-e4ls-exaVcraersyesixnivcgedlsyesgilvroeenelgys oalofnnedrgrcoaornutdlodcthcoeauualdsbeocvaienujcsurerityienrtjioua.rthyetohothreseh.orse.
An auAtnoHmaeueatltsoicmarfeatieilxcicffeasthsilieviefhlyteheloelsnhgaeraeenlsdnacoortuecldnovoceatrucesoedvieonrjruermdy otoretmhtehoharoenrst¾eh.aonr ¾ or
75% ofhtheeoarouirtgoiigmninalatilscstsfottaocoicklckiksftwtwohicieddkththwheepipldsaatasshtrtetpthnhaeoestbbcteeohaaverreibrinneegdgasrosuirunrrmgffaaoscrcueeerotfohaffacttnehhe¾oefotrhe
foot, fionoctl,uidnicnlgudbionxginbgo.xinsgto.ck width past the bearing surface of the

foot, including boxing.

5. N5a.il 5hN.o1al0ieNl-lahaTorio1clhel0ahreoe-to1ilanelTo0er-nnchaelaaTarorloetchiieilnearooehetnnaineoowanllnaieialntslihihelnaohetwrhloewieltseilhtisoahnctarnhtareheeterelliodionenccdnneaageeqttrereeuddeeaoddlefelgqgqyteuheuoaeoaonlflltfyltoehyteohaeonecotnhoefteoaetbhceaorhefcaothbnsfhrhcetbahohrnse.ahc.TonhsTheo.c.hToheTeo.nh.eThaeToneihhlaeeseiellneshlaeilesl
nail hnoalienlsahialorhleoslleoascraaerteelodlocncaaotetefdudrnntooheffuurrrbtthhaeecrrkbbtahacacknkththaneantwhteihdwesiwdteipsdoteipsnottipnootfiontfhttehoef the
templtaetmete.pmSlapptlaeac.teiSn.pSgapocaficninngagiolofhfnnoaalieillshhioosllecesosniisscicsootnensnissti.tsetnetn. t.

9-4- T9h-4e9-r-eT4-ahrTeehreevraeryaerievnagvradyryeingingrgededeseggorrfeeeesrrooffreetrorrrootrhrteotoathbtehoevabeaobcvoreivtcerricitaerri.tiae.ria.
3- Th3e-sT3h-hoeThscehoosuhelodceocnuoluydldboeonnlaylpybpbeleiaeadpppalfiteeddraafftdteedrriataidodnditaiotlinnoaanlialnlahniolalhieloslheaosrlaerseare

addeda.dAdadendae. idAl. hAnoanliealilhloohcolaelteeloldoccmaatoteerdemthooarrene t¼thha”annb¼¼e”y”obnebydeoytnhodentdhwetihdweisdwteispdtaeprsattrtpart
of theotfetomhfepthlteaetmtee.pmlpaltaet.e.

6N. eNfa1oaiit0lli-hcToa1lhne0ledef-r1iicetfdT0aia-tihnscctTedarecrhonieooedwdrnnaiinedstaieaaicssltbotloecoennooovnsfnentaiststflahihitlslteeetloenoonfgntffrattftohtiifhhliuteteenhoonndoaffaalptstieihhupllseerrhh.fooaaoaTplpclpheeerppsesir.ora.onTfotpTeathprhheirinelaeinathsenaihteleianoalsieanhdlu.iealhpThaisephladualesspihduepnoadplahnsipieabllolydsynihebtleotyhdyahnedtebtlhhyyfeeitttshhee
crowncraotbiwgonhvtelaybtihonevtehgerthoneuanigldrhoosulenr.fdTahscueerroefaficstheneoosfmhtohovee.msThehonet.onTfahtihleehnneaaaiidll ihfniettashde fits
tightltyiginhhottllhyee.iTnnhatehilexhniotalhielo.lhTeoholenr.teTheihsefonroeotimssuonrfvoaecme oeisvneatmotifegnthhttefoitnf wathiltehinthateihlseihnanthke

hole.hTohloef.etThxehitenhaeoixll.iet ohnolteheonfotohtesfuoroftascuerifsacaetigshat tfigt hwtitfhit twhiethshthaenkshank

of the9o-nf4a-thiVle.anryaiinlg. degrees of error to the above criteria
9-4- V9a-4r3-y-iVnTaghredyneinaggirlehdeoeslgeorsfeaersrerosoforedtroerfoitchrieetnoatbtthhoeavteatbhcoerivstehrocieraictoeurlida not be safely
3- Th3e-nTahileahnpopallieileshda.orlessoardeesfiocideenfticthieantttthheasththoe schooueldcnooutldbenostabfeelysafely

7. Staopcpkldiaeimdp.penliseido.n

7. S7to. ckSdtoimckendismio1en0n-ssTtirohenetcshheode is forged so that the width of the stock is not pinched or
excessively in any one spot.
10- T1h0e-9sT-h7ho-eTsihsheofsoehroigseefvdoarsrgoieestdhinastostttohhceakwtdtiihdmetehnwsoiifdotnhseowsfitttohhoceuktsitcsoancukositinspginnsoectrhipoeiudnscohred or
stretcshtrefedatucelhxtsecdetosesoxitvcheeelsryscivrnietaelyrniyian.oanneysopnoet. spot.
9-7- T9h-7e6-s-T4h-hoTehesvhasohrieoeevsvaianrriiesestsoiicnnkswdtioidmcthkenadsnimidoeonnrsstwhioiicnthksnoweusitstchtoaouastdicneagurseseinrtighoaustesortihoeurs

faultsfatouclrotisthetreoiraocatrhrietersrecirraiio.tuesrliya.affected.
6-4-T6h-e43-s-ThThoheesvshatooriceekvshaianrsiewbseideinnthwreaidndudtcheoadrnttodhciocarkuntsheeistcshketnosehsaosedteotogarbeedeetotghoraewteeoatthkhaettoroutshee. r

criterciraitaerreiasearrieousesrlyioaufsfelyctaefdfe. cted.

3- Th3e-sTtohcekshtoacskbheaens bredenucreeddutocecdautosecathueseshthoe stohobeettooobewteoaokwtoeaukseto. use.

25 Chapter 4 Certified Tradesman Farrier

Chapter 4 | Certified Tradesman Farrier 25
25 25ChapteCr 4haCpetertrif4ieCdeTrtriafideedsmTraandFesamrraienr Farrier

8. F8u.lleFriunlglering
10- F1u0ll-eFriunlgleirsinegquisaleoqnuabloothn broathncbhreasn,cbheegsi,nbsebgeinfosrbeetfhoerefirthstenfiarislt nail
hole ahnodleeanndds eanftdesr athfteerhetheel nhaeiellhnoaliel.hFoulell.eFriunlgleirsintog 2is/3trod2s/o3frdthseof the
depthdoefptheosfttohceksftroocmk ftrooemnatoilehnoaliel thoohleeetol nhaeiellhnoaliel.hole.
FulleFriunlglehrainsgnhoat srendoutcreedduocreidncorreianscerdeathsedsttohceksdtoimckendsimioennss. iTohnes.toTehe toe
is leftissolelifdt .solid.
9-7- T9h-7e-reTahreerevaryeivnagrdyeinggredeesgorfeesrroofretrorothretoabthoeveabcorivterciraitehraita that
wouldwnooutldafnfoect taofftehcetroctrhieterrcirai.teria.
6-4- T6h-4e-reTahreereerarroeresrtroorthsetofutlhlerfiunlgletrhiantgatfhfaect taofftehcetroctrhieterrcirai.teria.
3- Th3e-fuTlhlerfiunlglecrainugsecsaeursreosresrtrhoartsptrheavtepnrtetvheensththoe sfrhoome fbreoimngbaepinpgliaedp.plied.

9. F9l.at Flat
10- T1h0e-sThhoe sishoperifsepctelryfeflcattlyofnlattheonfotohtesfuoroftascuerwfaicthe twoittahl tcootnatlaccotnotfact of
the bethaeribnegasruinrfgascuerofaf ctheeotfetmhepltaetme.plate.
9-7- T9h-7e-reTahreerevaryeivnagrdyeinggredeesgorfeesrroofreornrotrheonfotohtesfuoroftascuerofaf ctheeosfhthoe shoe
but thbeusththoe schooueldcboeuladpbpelieadp.plied.
6-4- T6h-4e-reTahreerevaryeivnagrdyeinggredeesgorfeesrroofreornrotrheonfotohtesfuoroftascuertfhaactectohualtdcould
be cobrreeccoterdrewctiethd awdidthitaiodndaitlifoonraglinfogr.ging.
3- Th3e-sThhoe schooueldcnooutldbenoatpbpelieadpplied

10. F1i0n.isFhinish
10- A1ll0e-dAglelsedagresreamreorvemd,otvheeds,hthoe sishosme oisosthmaonodthcalenadncolenaanllon all
surfascuersf.aces.
9-7- T9h-7e-reTahreerevaryeivnagrdyeinggredeesgorfeesrroofretrorothretoabthoeveabcorivterciraitbeurtiathbeut the
shoe schooueldcboeuladpbpeliaedppwliiethdowuittmhooudtifmicoadtifoinca. tion.
6-4- T6h-4e-reTahreerevaryeivnagrdyeinggredeesgorfeesrroofretrorothretocrtihterciraitehraitawthoautldwould
requireqaudirdeitaiodndaitliwonoarlk.work.
3- Th3e-sThhoe schooueldcnooutldbenoatpbpelieadp.plied.

26 Chapter 4 | Certified Trtadesman Farrier
ChapteCr 4haCpetertrif4ieCdeTrtriafideedsmTraandFesamrraienr Farrier26 26

5CHAPTER

Certified Journeyman Farrier

AFA CERTIFIED JOURNEYMAN FARRIER (CJF) REQUIREMENTS

PREREQUISITES
Candidates must have specified and enhanced knowledge of the profession.
Candidates for the Certified Journeyman Farrier examination must have
successfully completed either the AFA Certified Farrier examinations or
have achieved the Diploma of the Worshipful Company of Farriers (WCF)
as confirmed by the Registrar of the Worshipful Company of Farriers.

EXAMINATION COMPONENTS

1. Written Examination
Format: Multiple choice
Passing: 80% or higher

Written Examination Study Outline
This examination requires more specific knowledge than previous
examinations, and considerably more study time is required for success.
Medical terminology applies to all anatomical aspects. Some questions
pertaining to the AFA Certification testing rules and procedures may be
included.

Bones, Cartilage, and Joints: Demonstrate knowledge of all the bones,
cartilage, and joints in both front and hind limbs of the horse. Understand
how bones are formed and protected and how they function and their
associated problems. Know comparisons between human and equine
anatomy.

Tendons and Ligaments: Correctly identify and define functions,
origins, and insertions of all tendons and ligaments of front and hind
limbs. Know pastern, collateral, annular, capsular, and navicular
ligaments. Recognize the effects of changing medial/lateral and anterior/
posterior hoof balance on individual tendons and ligaments.

Blood Circulation: Demonstrate a basic knowledge of the circulatory
system with special emphasis on the hoof.

Hoof Structures: Know, in detail, all elastic and inelastic hoof structures.
Chapter 5 | Certified Journeyman Farrier 27

Pathology: Demonstrate a knowledge of conditions such as bowed
tendons, gravel, compensatory lameness, splints, thrush, laminitis,
founder, ringbone, sidebone, bone spavin, carpitis, curb, shoe boils,
corns, bucked shins, osslets, sheared heels, pedal osteitis, stringhalt,
and navicular lameness. Know what structures are involved and how
the horse is affected. Know what a farrier may do to help the horse.
Recognize factors in identifying and locating lameness.

Horseshoes: Demonstrate an understanding of the design and function of
various types of horseshoes and how their features may affect the horse.

2. Practical Examination (2 parts) B
Part 2a- Shoeing

Format: Hands-on performance examination. Candidates shoe all four
feet with handmade shoes produced by the candidate within the allotted
time; candidates are responsible for choosing the appropriate flat (steel)
bar stock and choosing appropriate nails. Front shoes are to be toe-
clipped and the hind shoes are to be quarter-clipped. Candidates are
responsible for providing a horse handler.
Time Limit: Two hours (old shoes may be removed before time starts)
Scoring: Trimming and shoeing is examined and scored in three parts:

1. Hoof preparation: Scored during the examination’s time limit
2. Shoe preparation and fit: Scored during theexamination’s

time limit
3. Nailing, clinching and finishing: Scored after the time limit.
4. A score of 3 on any section of the practical will result in

failure of the test
Two scorers evaluate work done in this exercise. The scorers may be
any combination of Approved Examiners and/or Approved Testers.
All scores are recorded on official score sheets.
Passing: 70% or higher. A minimum score of 70% on each part of
the test is required before a candidate may proceed to the next part
of the test. Failure to obtain 70% success in any area will require
that the candidate stop work. Should a candidate be stopped for any
reason, the Approved Examiner will provide reasons.

28 Chapter 5 | Certified Journeyman Farrier

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Chapter 5 | Certified Journeyman Farrier 29

4. Expansion
10- Fit center of stock.
8-6-4- Varying degrees of error to the above criteria that would still allow
the shoe to be nailed on.
3- The shoe does not cover the back half of the template. More than 3/4 or
75% of the original stock width, including boxing, outside of the hoof
capsule.

5. Heel length
10- Fit center of stock.
8-6-4- Varying degrees of error to the above criteria.
3- Heels are excessively long and could cause injury to the horse.
An automatic fail if the heels are not covered or more than ¾ or
75% of the original stock width past the bearing surface of the
foot, including boxing.

6. Nail hole location
10- Three nail holes are located equally on each branch. Toe nails
are on a line with the inner edge of the toe of the shoe. The heel
nail holes are located no further back than the widest point of the
template. Spacing of nail holes is consistent.
9-4- Varying degrees of error to the above criteria.
3- The shoe could only be applied after additional nail holes are
added. A nail hole located more than ¼” beyond the widest part
of the template.

7. Nail fit
10- There is consistent fit of the appropriate nail supplied by the
candidate on all of the nail holes. The nail head has only the
crown above the ground surface of the shoe. The nail head fits
tightly in the nail hole. There is no movement of the nail in the
hole. The exit hole on the foot surface is a tight fit with the shank
of the nail.
9-4- Varying degrees of error to the above criteria
3- The nail holes are so deficient that the shoe could not be safely
applied.

30 Chapter 5 | Certified Journeyman Farrier

8. Stock dimension
10- The shoe is forged so that the width of the stock is not pinched or
stretched excessively in any one spot.
9-7- The shoe varies in stock dimensions without causing serious
faults to other criteria.
6-4-The shoe varies in width and or thickness to a degree that other
criteria are seriously affected.
3- The stock has been reduced to cause the shoe to be too weak to use.

9. Fullering
10- Fullering is equal on both branches, begins before the first nail
hole and ends after the heel nail hole. Fullering is to 2/3rds of the
depth of the stock from toe nail hole to heel nail hole.
Fullering has not reduced or increased the stock dimensions. The toe
is left solid.
9-7- There are varying degrees of error to the above criteria that
would not affect the other criteria.
6-4-There are errors to the fullering that affect other criteria.
3- The fullering causes errors that prevent the shoe from being
applied.

10. Flat
10- The shoe is perfectly flat on the foot surface including bar.
9-7-There are varying degrees of error on the foot surface of the shoe
but the shoe could be applied
6-4- There are varying degrees of error on the foot surface that are
not harmful to the horse.
3-The shoe could not be applied

11. Finish
10- All edges are removed, the shoe is smooth and clean on all
surfaces.
9-7- There are varying degrees of error to the above criteria but the
shoe could be applied without modification.
6-4- There are varying degrees of error to the criteria that are not
harmful to the horse.
3- The shoe could not be applied.

Chapter351 | CCehratpiftieerd5 JCeorutifrinedeyJomuranenymFaanrrFiearrrier 31

Specialty Endorsements 6CHAPTER

AFA Certified Journeyman Farriers have the opportunity to continue their
pursuit of education and professional development through the AFA’s
Specialty Endorsement program which acknowledges areas / concerns that
require specialized knowledge and skill. These may involve working with
particular breeds, activities, disciplines, and/or audiences. The AFA
currently offers three Specialty Endorsements: Therapeutic, Forging, and
Educator. An overview of each of these endorsements is provided below;
however, due to the complexity associated with these upper-level programs,
interested candidates should contact the AFA Office to obtain complete
details and requirements.

THERAPEUTIC ENDORSEMENT (CJF, TE)

INTENT
Designed to recognize farriers highly skilled in the area of therapeutic
shoeing, the Therapeutic Endorsement examination consists of five
(5) sections: written exam, shoe display, forging exam, case
presentations, and an oral case-based exam. All portions of the exam
are administered at the AFA annual convention. A detailed
description of the Therapeutic Endorsement examination, including
schedule, can be found at www.americanfarriers.org/certification

FORGING ENDORSEMENT (CJF, FE)

INTENT
Designed to recognize farriers highly skilled in the area of forging and
fabricating specialty shoes, the Forging Endorsement involves forging a
variety of shoes to exacting standards as well as the ability to explain the
process in an organized and informative manner.

PREREQUISITES
Candidates for the Forging Endorsement must have previously obtained
status as an AFA Certified Journeyman Farrier.

32 CChhaapptteer 6r S6pec|ialStypEencdioarslteymEenntsdorsem32ents

Candidates for this endorsement must be proficient in forging and fabricating
a variety of shoes. Additionally, candidates must be capable of working
within specific time frames to complete the task and must be proficient in
explaining the processes that lead to the final product.

EXAMINATION COMPONENTS

1. Written Examination/Article

Format: 1,500 – 2,000-word instructional article with images demonstrating
how to build one of the specimen display shoes. Must be deemed acceptable
for inclusion in No Foot, No Horse and inclusion into the digital library on the
AFA website.

2a. Specimen Display
Candidates will present the five (5) required shoes made by them; one of which
must be made from aluminum. Displays are an example of the candidate’s finest
workmanship. Quality of the horseshoes conforms to the guidelines established
and presented throughout the AFA Certification Guide. Shoes are flat, have
proper nail placement and fit, have smooth finish with no sharp edges,
extensions are boxed. Nails are submitted with shoes.
a. Heart Bar: Must be made from a minimum 3/8” x 1” stock
b. Elevated Heel Shoe: Variations include: Spavin Shoe, Curb Shoe,
Navicular Shoe, Bilateral Sidebone Shoe, Graduated Bar Shoe,
Graduated Eggbar, Unilateral Raised Heel Shoe. Must be made
from a minimum 3/8” X 1” stock.
c. Eggbar: Must be made from minimum 3/8” x 1” stock
d. Patten Bar: Can be made from any stock
e. Fishtail Bar Shoe: Can be made from any stock

2b. Horseshoe Display Oral Presentation
Candidates will demonstrate an understanding of the application and function
of the display shoes including but not limited to concerns such as: instances
when and where a shoe would be applied, how the shoe should be applied,
disadvantages or detriments associated with each shoe and possible alternatives.

3. Forging Demonstration
Candidates must forge a plain-stamped Roadster in 60 minutes at the AFA
Annual Convention to be scored by the Forging Endorsement Committee.

All portions of the Forging Endorsement will be conducted at the Annual AFA
Convention. The deadline for entry is the same as for entering the convention
contest. Shoes will be scored under the Certification 10-point scale. Each shoe
must attain at least 70% score in order to be considered passing.

Chapter 6 | Specialty Endorsements 33

Chapter 6 Specialty Endorsements

33

EDUCATOR ENDORSEMENT (CJF, EE)

INTENT
Designed to recognize farriers capable of delivering academic level lectures and
demonstrations suitable for farriers, veterinarians and interested equine
professionals. The Educator Endorsement focuses on the candidate’s ability to
convey in-depth academic information and research briefings related to farriery
to professionals involved in the equine industry.

PREREQUISITES
Candidates for the Educator Endorsement must have previously obtained
status as an AFA Certified Journeyman Farrier.

EXAMINATION COMPONENTS

1. Written Examination
Part 1a – Topic Submission
Candidate should submit a topic proposal to the panel by the established deadline.
Proposal must include a summary (800 words) of the topic being researched and
presented. Approval will be based on relevance to farriery, originality and quality
of content. Topics may include any subject related to equine anatomy,
physiology, biomechanics and lameness related to farriery.

Part 1b – Lecture Summary
After topic approval, candidate must submit an article containing all the relevant
information derived from new and/or known research related to the approved
topic. The article will be judged upon accuracy and clarity of information
(pictures are encouraged). Sources must be listed. Article must contain a
minimum word count of 3000 words (not including work cited section). Draft
can be submitted 2 times before due date for panel review and comments. The
third and final submission will be the final version of article and must be
submitted by the established deadline. The third version will be subjected to
final grading. The final version will be graded based on, but not limited to, the
following: accuracy, thoroughness, clarity, proper grammar, typography, and
word count.
Time Limit: N/A
Passing: Minimum of 80% to pass
Approved articles will be available for publication in No Foot No Horse AFA
Magazine. Candidates must give the AFA permission to publish article.

34 CChahapptteerr66Spe|ciaSltypEencdiaorltseymEenntds orsem34ents

2. Oral Presentation
Candidates will give a one-hour lecture (at the AFA Convention)
consistent with the approved article. Candidate must have a passing
article in order to be allowed to present at convention. The goal of the
lecture should be to explain the article and extrapolate the ideas therein
presented. The lecture will be judged on accuracy of information,
speaking ability, presentation, and ability to answer questions.

3. Hands-On Teaching
Candidates will participate in the Hands-On session of the annual AFA
Convention program. Different topics related to horseshoeing (Forging
and Theory) can be chosen. Candidates will be judged on ability to
demonstrate, teach, and answer questions.
Time Limit: 30 minutes

Chap3t5er 6 | ChSappteerc6iaSltpyecEianltdyoErnsdeormseemnetnsts 35

7CHAPTER

Rules for Certification Examinations

1. All AFA Certification examinations will be governed by the rules set
forth in this booklet; however, candidates are advised to check the AFA
website (www.americanfarriers.org) to determine if any updates / revisions
are posted. Any updates / revisions posted on the website will supersede the
printed materials set forth in this booklet.

2. AFA Farrier™, Certified Farrier™, Certified Tradesman Farrier™,
Certified Journeyman Farrier™, and Therapeutic Endorsement tests
are standard and no substitutes may be used.

3. No AFA examinations may be conducted without advance approval,
which must be obtained by filing a Certification Sponsorship Application
through the AFA office. All applications must be on file with the AFA office
at least 60 days prior to the certification date.

4. There must be at least one (1) Approved Examiner at any/every
AFA Certification.

5. The order/sequence for administering examination components will be
determined by the Approved Examiner.

6. Approved Examiners or Approved Testers may not examine their past or
present students, employers, employees, or apprentices.

7. Written examinations may not be used, in part or whole, for
study purposes, including pre-certification clinics.

8. Candidates may not shoe their own or their client’s horse for
any examination.

Fees and Remuneration
9. One fee entitles the candidate to take any or all components of one level
of the test at one test site. There will be no retesting at the same event.

10. Sponsor organizations may charge an additional fee to offset
expenses.

11. No fee will be charged by the AFA to update current
Certified Journeyman Farriers.

36 Chapter 7 | Rules for Certification Examinations
36 Chapter 7 Rules for Certification Examinations

12. Approved Examiners and Approved Testers shall not
receive remuneration in excess of actual expenses.

Conduct
13. No one is to offer advice or assistance to a candidate during any
portion of the examination.

14. Any disrespect to the Approved Examiners and/or Approved
Testers by candidates shall result in failure of the examination.

15. There shall be no alcoholic beverages consumed - by participants or
spectators - at the event site. Violators will be instructed to leave by the
sponsoring organization and/or the Approved Examiner.

Time Limits
16. Time limits are strictly adhered to. Exceeding the specified time limit for
an examination component will result in disqualification/failure for that
component (exception: candidates going over time on the CF exams may opt
to apply their time and continue in an effort to meet the requirements for the
AFA Farrier Classification.)

17. Time variance may be given at the discretion of the Approved Examiner
for equipment failure or other exceptional circumstances. Candidates may not
touch the horse’s feet or shoes or otherwise continue the examination during
the variance.

18. Candidates are not required to pass all sections of the examination on
the same day or through the same host group.

19. On any of the three parts of this examination, passing scores
numerical scores and/or time limits) which meet the established standards for
the Certified Farrier examination will be recorded as applying to the
Certified Farrier examination. Any score applied toward the Certified Farrier
designation will fall under existing guidelines for completion of that level
certification within a two-year time limit. Those who are deployed abroad
for U.S. Military service for any period of time are eligible to restart their
testing at the same point of achievement and amount of time that had been
achieved prior to their deployment.

20. Scores are not official until recorded at the AFA office. The Approved
Examiner and the sponsor organization are responsible for submitting
complete, accurate reports of examination results to the Certification
Chairman within 10 working days of the examination date.

Chapter 7 | Rules for Certification Examinations 37

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8CHAPTER

Study Guide Book List

The following books, listed alphabetically by author, may be useful in
studying for the AFA Certification examinations in addition to the AFA
Certification Guide. These texts are available from many farrier supply
outlets, bookstores, and libraries.
The written test questions for the CF, CTF, and CJF are written out of the
following texts:
Butler, Doug. The Principles of Horseshoeing III. LaPorte, CO: Butler
Publishing, 2004.
Gregory, Chris, “Gregory’s Textbook of Farriery”, Heartland Horseshoeing
School, Inc. 2012.
There are many excellent texts which are not on this list. A variety of
resources are available in other media (e.g., video, DVD, conference
proceedings, etc.) as well. Candidates should study from as many sources as
possible.

C3h9apter 8 | Study Guide Book List 39

9CHAPTER

Guidelines for Evaluating Farrier
Certifications

The following guidelines, updated and revised by the AFA’s Certification
Committee, provide an excellent gauge for evaluating farriery. Nevertheless,
acceptance of these guidelines as a standard method to shoe a horse is not
our goal. Instead, these guidelines provide criteria to enable standardized
evaluation of skill levels by Certification Examiners and Testers. These
guidelines are not the only standard to which horses are shod, but they
represent solid, basic, and traditional practice and are suitable to a selective
evaluation process.
This 2022 edition of AFA Certification Guide represents a work in progress
which takes into account current research in veterinary medicine, farriery,
equine research, and historical sources.
-AFA Certification Committee

The following numerical scores are used on the scoresheets:
Score of 8 to 10 will improve the horse during the shoeing cycle
Score of 7 will neither be detrimental or beneficial
Score of 4 to 6 will become detrimental during the shoeing cycle
Score of 1 to 3 is immediately detrimental to the horse

40 Chapter 9 | Guidelines for Eval4u0ating FCahrarpieterrC9 eErvtailfuicataintgioFnasrrier Certifications

Practical Evaluation

1. Hoof Preparation

Flat (Figures 24, 25)

10 The entire hoof is on an even plane.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of unevenness which could be
corrected without harming the horse.

3 Nipping/rasping is rough and uneven around the entire hoof
wall, with no level surfaces apparent.

Balance (Since balance is subjective, evaluation will be made on the
criteria established below)
10 The horse stands in the middle of the hoof, and the ground surface
of the hoof wall is trimmed perpendicular to the centerline of the
hoof capsule above it.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in balance which could
be corrected without harming the horse.

3 One side of the hoof wall is lowered to a point that correction is
not possible without laming the horse or resorting to the use of
shims.

Figure 24 Figure 25
Figure 24 Figure 25

Chapter 9 Evaluating Farrier C9erti|ficaGtiuonidselines4f1or Evaluating Farrier Certifications 41
Chapter

Angle (Figure 26)

10 The farrier has made every effort to make hoof and
pastern angles parallel.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in the angle which could
be corrected without harming the horse.

3 The hoof deviates from the pastern angle due to poor nipping and/
or rasping. It cannot be corrected by further nipping or rasping at
this time.

Length (Figure 27)

10 The hoof is cut to an appropriate, sound length.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in length that could be
corrected without harming the horse.

3 The hoof is cut excessively short or left too long, and cannot
be corrected at thistime.

Figure 26 Figure 27

42 Chapter 9 | Guidelines for Evalu4a2ting FCahrarpieterr C9 EevratliufiactiantgioFnarsrier Certifications

10 The sole is pared smooth (if necessary) to an appropriate, sound

depth. Bars and sole have not been weakened by excessive
Sole paring or rasping. The Seat of Corns are pared to be non-
10 Twheeisgohltebiseaprainregd. smooth (if necessary) to an appropriate, sound
8,6,4 wbdpTaeeherpeicigtnrohehgr.traeBborceerataervrsrdaainrsawypgniii.dntnhggos.doueltTeghhraeheraemSvseeionafgnteotorhtrfeobrhCeoieonrnrsnpewsa. reianarkegewpnaehrdiecdhbyctooeuxblcdeesnsoivne-

38,6,4 TThheerseoalereisvaprayriendgtodoegtrheiens(oafnderyroierldins puanrdinerglwighhitcthhucomubldpressure)

be corrected without harming the horse.

Frog

310 TThhee sfroolge iiss ppaarreedd t(oifontehcines(saanrdy)ytioelbdes nuenadtearnldigshmt tohoutmh.bTphreeshseuerle)

F180,r6o,g4 bulbs are smooth and free of burrs.
TTbbuehhleecbrosferraroaergrecetisesvmdaproawyoriietnthdhgoa(duinfetdnghfrearecreeemesssootaoffrbyethu)rrertorohrso.birnesepn.aeraitnagnwd hsmichooctohu. lTdhe heel

83,6,4 sbTTtehhrueeccrofetrruroaregrecesthevwadashrwbyiceiihntehgncoodupuetalgrhderaedcremaesuxostcoefelsetahsrmirevoehernoliyernss,eesp.xaprionsginwghsiecnhsictoivueld

W3 all DreTshseinfrgo(gFhigaus rbeesen28paarnedd e2x9c)essively, exposing sensitive
10 The shtrouocftuwreasllwihsicshtrcaoiguhldt. cAaullsedliasmheesneasnsd flares removed smoothly

from the coronary band to the ground or (at least) the bottom two-
Wall Drethsisridnsgo(Ff igthuerehso2o8f. aTnhde29th)ickness of the hoof wall should be
10 The uhnoiofofrmw.all is straight. All dishes and flares removed smoothly
8,6,4,3 Tfrhoemre tahree cvoarroyninagrydbeagnredetsootfheergroror u(en.dg.o, rd(uabtblienags,t)otvheer boortutonmdetrwo-

tdhriersdssinogfofthdeishheosofa.ndT/hoer ftlhariceks)newshsicohf ctohueldhboeofcowrraelcltesdhowuiltdhobuet
uhnarimfoirnmg. the horse or endangering secure nailing.
8,6,4,3 There are varying degrees of error (e.g., dubbing, over or under
dressing of dishes and/or flares) which could be corrected without
harming the horse or endangering secure nailing.

Figure 28 Figure 29

FigFiugruere2288 FiFgiugurere2299

Chapter 9 Evaluating Farrier Certifications 43

FiguCreha28pter 9 | Guidelines for Evaluating FaFrirgiuerreC29ertifications 43

Chapter 9 Evaluating Farrier Certifications 43

2. Shoe Quality and Fit

Shoe Flat

10 The shoe is flat in all aspects.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in flatness which
could be corrected with additional or better work.

3 The shoe is grossly out of flat and should not be nailed.

Clips (Figures 30, 31, 31, 33)
10 The clip is properly located, is thick at the base and tapers toa thin

peak, is not sharply pointed, has no cold shuts on the back side,
and the source hole is appropriately sized.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in location, thickness,
taper, width, height, sharpness, and size of source hole.

3 There is a gross exaggeration/combination of poor features.

Figure 30 Figure 33
Figure 31
Figure 32

44 Chapter 9 | Guidelines for Evaluating FaCrhraieptrerC9eErvtaifluicaatintgioFnasrrier Certifications

44

Finish

10 The shoe is smoothly finished without sharp edges, burns,or hammer
and rasp marks.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in finish which could have
been avoided by additional or better work.

3 The shoe is excessively sharp and rough.

Forging

10 The shoe is forged so that the width of the shoe stock is not
pinched or spread excessively in any one spot in relation to its
original dimension. The shoe has been seated away from the sole
so the inside edge is not thicker than the outside edge. No other
forging mistakes are present.

8,6,4,3 There are varying degrees of forging mistakes present

Nail Hole Location (figure 34)

10 Nail holes are properly located from toe to quarters, and are
evenly spaced (unless prevented by hoof conditions).

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in location of holes.
which are not justified by hoof conditions.

3 There is gross error in location of nail holes.

Figure 34

Chapter 9 EvaluatCinhgaFpartreierr C9erti|ficGatiuoindselines4f5or Evaluating Farrier Certifications 45

Nail Hole Depth (Figures 35, 36)

10 Nail holes are located over the white line.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in depth which result in too fine
or coarse nailing. Use of nail holes will not result in injury or harm
to the horse.

3 Use of nail holes will result in injury to the horse.

Figure 35 FigFuirgeur3e636

46 Chapter 9 | Guidelines for Evalu4a6ting FaCrhraieptrerC9eErvtaifluicaatitnigoFnasrrier Certifications

Nail Hole Shape and Fullering (Figure 37)

10 Fullering starts before the toe nail and ends past the heel nail. The
depth of the fullering remains the same through all the nail holes.
Position of fullering in the web allows nails to exit on the white line.
The fullering or head stamp and pritchel hole fits the nail and has
appropriate pitch. The web of the shoe is not wider where fullered
than through the toe of the shoe.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error resulting in insecure nailing. The
shoe is not properly forged to maintain width of web.

3 Bad features predominate, and the shoe should not be nailed on
a horse.

FigurFeig3u7re 37

Chapter 9 EvaluatCinhgaFpartreierr C9erti|ficGatiuoindselines4f7or Evaluating Farrier Certifications 47

3. Nailing, Finish, and Fit

Shoe Fit

10 The shoe fits the properly trimmed and dressed hoof
from the widest point forward. The shoe has been
nailed where it was intended, with no slippage or
movement from the original fit.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in fitting by
increments +/- 1/16th or 1.6mm on front half of foot

for fit.(e.g., toe too narrow/wide, branches not
following the quarter bends, toe dubbed. etc.) The

shoe has shifted or moved to varying degrees when
nailed.

3 Most of the bad characteristics above exist in the fit.
Shoe should not be nailed on a horse and no shoe may
be reshaped while attached to the foot. The shoe has
grossly shifted or moved.

Wall Contact (Figure 38)

10 The shoe is in contact with the hoof wall unless
some of the wall is missing.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of lack of wall
contact with the shoe which should have
been corrected.

3 There is a gross lack of wall contact, and the
shoe should not be nailed on a horse.

Figure 38

48 Chapter 9 | Guidelines for Evaluating Farrier Certifications
48 Chapter 9 Evaluating Farrier Certifications

Sole Pressure

10 The hoof surface of the shoe must have
inner edge relief and contacts no more than
1/8” (3.2mm) of livesole.

8,6,4 There are varying degrees of error in sole relief.

3 The sole has been excessively pared, and the
condition cannot be remedied at this time.

Expansion

(Expansion is established behind the widest part of the foot, beginning
at the origin of the heel quarter.)
10 Fit center of stock

8,6,4 Varying degrees of error to the above criteria that would
still allow the shoe to be nailed on.

3 Too little expansion, hoof wall has been removed to
simulate expansion. More than ¾ or 75% of the original
stock width, including boxing, outside of the hoof capsule.

Too much Too little
expansion expansion

Chapter 9 | Guidelines for Evaluating Farrier Certifications 49

Heel Length (Figure 39)
10 Fit center of stock.
8, 6, 4 Varying degrees of error to the above criteria.
3 Heels are excessively long and could cause injury to the horse.

An automatic fail if the heels are not covered or more than
¾ or 75% of the original stock width past the bearing
surface of the foot, including boxing.

Figure 39

50 Chapter 9 | Guidelines for Evaluating Farrier Certifications