Edward Weston
Understanding Camera Angles and PerspectiveTHE KEY TAKEAWAYS FOR THIS CHAPTERTypes of Camera Angle
Eye LevelCamera is at the same level as thesubject. It gives neutral, balancedand realistic effectLow AngleThis shot looks up at the action frombelow, an inferior position. The observer isvulnerable, weak and lower in status. Theperson in view is given power andauthority.
Samuel Fuller
Why Movement MattersStatic vs. Dynamic ShotsPan, Tilt, and ZoomTracking Shots and Dolly MovementsCrane, Jib, and SteadicamHandheld and Drone Cinematography
more effectively. They help draw attention to key moments, buildtension, and guide the audience's perspective. Creates Emotional Connection:By influencing how the audience perceives a scene, camera movementcan shape their emotional response. For instance, a slow push-in cancreate a sense of importance or intimacy, while a rapid pan cangenerate excitement. Guides Viewer Attention:A moving camera can smoothly lead the audience's gaze across a scene,highlighting different elements without the need for quick cuts.
Creates a sense of stability or intimacy Viewer Effect Two people talking at a table (tripod shot) ExamplesTripod, stable surface Equipment Needed Focus on content within the frame Storytelling Impact
TILT PAN ZOOM TRACKING
downward on astationary support. Itproduces a mobileframing that scans thespace vertically.involves moving thecamera horizontallyright or lefttechnique you can track anobject or follow any typeof movement.
when done correctly. If you want to attempt adolly, make sure your track is stable and will allowfor fluid movement.Tracking is the same as dollying, only you aremoving the camera from left to right instead ofin and out. Again, it is best to do this using a fluidmotion track that will eliminate any jerking orfriction.
safer and more stable to operate, including VisionPositioning Systems (VPS) and Obstacle avoidancesensors.Using Drone
Steven Pinker
Together
From Script to Storyboard to ShotCommon Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
“Dark alley” from the script may be drawn as a wideestablishing shot, followed by a medium shot of John’scautious steps, and then a close-up on his worriedface.Directors and cinematographers decide cameraplacement, angles, and movements at this stageStoryboard → ShotThe storyboard serves as a shooting guide on set.Each sketched panel becomes a planned shot duringproduction.The storyboard ensures consistency between thedirector, cinematographer, actors, and crew.Example: Storyboard panel: John peeks around thecorner (close-up). Shot on set: Camera lens choice,lighting for suspense, actor’s expression captured.
Mistake: Jumping straight from script to shooting.Problem: Leads to wasted time on set, inconsistentvisuals, and missed shots.Solution: Even simple stick-figure sketches or digitalboards help organize shot lists and camera angles.Skipping Storyboards02
Mistake: Storyboards ignore budget, set design, orcamera limitations.Problem: Planned shots become impossible toexecute. Solution: Align storyboards with available resourcesand adapt creatively (e.g., using creative framinginstead of expensive crane shots). Not Considering Practical Constraints06
Larry Bossidy
Storyboard TemplatesScript Breakdown TemplateReferencesRecommended Reading & Resources
The Visual Story: Creating the Visual Structure of Block (2020). ISBN 9781317745693.Storyboarding Essentials: Scad Creative Essentials the Screen for Film, tv, and Other Media). David HaPhillips (2013). ISBN: 9780770436940The Filmmaker's Eye : Learning (and Breaking) the RMercado, Gustavo( 2022). ISBN : 9781138780316
https://blog.yarsalabs.com/introduction-to-storyboards/StudioBinder. (n.d.). Creative and unconventional shots. StudioBinder.https://www.studiobinder.comLancaster, K. (2019). Basic Cinematography: A Creative Guide to VisualStorytelling. Routledge.040506
Stanley Kubrick
POLITEKNIK METrO TASEK GELUGOR+6045732087www.pmtg.edu.my+6045732789