THEORIES OF CHILD BEHAVIOR

3 (C H ILD BE H A V I O R
G UI D ANCE)
K A A 3 0 2

THBEECOHHRAIILEVDSIOORF

NOR AZLIN
NISWAH
SUHANA

ANIES ZULAIKHA
NURUL BAIDATUL

“It is easier to build strong children than to
repair broken men.”
-Frederick Douglas-

AUTHORS PROFILE

NOR AZLIN BINTI ISMAIL
D20201093956

NISWAH BINTI SHAHRIR
D20201093958

ANIES ZULAIKHA BINTI
ABDUL RAHIM
D20201093967

NURUL BAIDATUL
BANISHAH BINTI ABDUL
MUTALIB
D20201093953

SUHANA BINTI AMIR
D20201093871

ACKNOWLWDGEMENT

First of all thankfully our
group was able to complete
the E-book assignment for the
subject KAA3023 (child
behavior guidance)

As much appreciation to our
lecturer Dr Halim bin Masnan
for giving us the opportunity
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otphpaonrkt utnhi tey tcoocl loemapglue tees twh ihs o

assignment. in addition, we would

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aEs-sbi sot eodk uassisni gc onmmpel entti.n g t h i s E - b o o k

assignment.

Thank you.

Thank you.

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 1
2
WHAT IS THEORY AND
THE IMPORTANT 3

SOCIAL LEARNING 6
THEORY 9
13
BEHAVIOR THEORY

cognitive theory

summary

1 INTRODUCTION

Definition of child development
is change in the child occurs
over time. Changes follow an
orderly pattern that moves
toward greater complexity and
enhances survival.

Periods of development is
Prenatal period which is from
conception to birth, Infancy and
toddlerhood form birth to 2
years, Early childhood form 2
until 6 years old, Middle
childhood from 6 until 12 years
and Adolescence from 12 until 19
years old.

2

What is theory?

orderly set of ideas
which describes,
explain and predict
behavior

important of theory

to give meaning to what
we observe
finding ways to improve
the lives and education
of children

3

Model

Imitated individuals. S
Influence on observer in
changing his/her o
behavior.
For examples parents, cL
family members, peers,
famous individual & iE
character in animation.
aA
The process of imitation.
The observer goes lR
through a behavior that is NT
very similar to that of the IH
model. NE
GO
Modelling/imitation R

Y

4

Imitation Theory
by Albert
Bandura
Process of learning
happen based on imitation
and observing

Reinforcement of
behaviorism and cognitive
psychology that respond
to individuals

Observer Theory
by Richard
Walters

5

Development Status

Model Prestige &
Competence

Factors Goal settings
Affecting
Observational Value
Learning &
Performance Self-
efficiency

Vicarious
consequence

Outcomes expectations

86 B E H A V I O R A L
THEORY

Behavior theory is a psychological
framework with which to examine
and explain human beings.

Some psychologists might delve
into matters of the unconscious or
refer to aspects of humanity that
are wholly internal and do not
display outward characteristics.

Behaviorism neglects this
definition of psychology. It favors
instead the observable, knowable
impacts of behavior.

7 B
E
Behaviorism HT
assumes that a AH
learner is VE
essentially passive IO
responding to OR
stimuli from the RY
environment. A
L
The learner is a clean
slate and behaviour is
shaped through positive
and negative
reinforcement.
Reward and punishment
are essential in shaping
behaviors. Learning is
seen through a change
in behavior.

8

Contributes of this theory
(Behaviorism) are John B.
Watson, Ivan Pavlov and
B.F. Skinner

John
B.Watson

Ivan
Pavlov

B.F. Skinner

jean piaget 9

COGNITIVE
THEORY

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive
development suggests that
children move through four
different stages of mental
development. His theory focuses
not only on understanding how
children acquire knowledge, but
also on understanding the nature
of intelligence.

10 P i a g e t ' s C o g n i t i v e
Development Stages

Sensorimotor Stage

(Birth - 2 years)
Understands world through

senses and actions

Preoperational Stage
(2 - 7 years)

the child uses metal
representations of objects
and is able to use symbolic

thought and language

Piaget's Cognitive
11 D e v e l o p m e n t S t a g e s

Concrete Operational Stage
(7 - 11 years)

the child uses logical
operations or principles when

solving problems

Formal Operational Stage
(12 and up)

the use of logical operations
in a systematic fashion and

with the ability to use
abstractions

12 L e y V y g o t s k y

Socio-Cultural

Theory

Agreed that children
are active learners,
but their knowledge
is socially
constructed.
Cultural values and
customs dictate
what is important to
learn.
Children learn from
more expert
members of the
society.
Vygotsky describes
the "zone of
proximal
development",
where learning
occurs.

13 A R Y

SU M M

In conclusion, there are
various theories
regarding child
development. A teacher
as well as a parent
should also know about
the theory of child
development. This is
because this can
further enhance the
lives and education of
children.

REFERENCES

Horne, C. (2021, May). Behavioral Theory,
Behavioral Psychology, Or Behaviorism?
How Behavior And Personality Intersect.
Retrieve from
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/behav
ior/behavioral-theory-behavioral-
psychology-or-behaviorism-how-behavior-
and-personality-intersect/

Cherry, K. (2020, March). The 4 Stages of
Cognitive Development. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-
stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457

Loveless, B. (n.d). Social Learning Theory:
The Complete Guide. Retrieved from
https://www.educationcorner.com/social-
learning-theory-guide.html

Marcin, A. (2018, March). What Are Piaget’s
Stages of Development and How Are They
Used?. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/piaget
-stages-of-development