Mpi

Module No 1: Introduction Of Microprocessor System

1.1 Block Diagram Of Microprocessor Based System

Address Address
bus bus

Memory Data C I/O
Number of Bus P Data Ports
Location u Bus
=2N

Microprocessor:

1. A device which is performs operation (Arithematics,logical,etc) in micro steps is called as
microprocessor
2. It consists of counter,switches,clock,flip-flop,registers etc

Memory:

1. It is combination of register array and the decoder circuit
2. Its has Memory Number Of Location =2N
3. It is used to store the data
4. It has RAM and ROM memory

Address And Address Bus :

1. The output of the program Which is given to the Memory is called Address
2. The group of wire which is carries this address Is called Address Bus

Program Counter:

1. The Counter Used In a Small Model Is used To locate Instructions In a Proper Program
2. It is always pointed out the next instructions which is going to be fetched and Executed

Data and Data bus:

Data is Moved from register to register and Memory to register through group of wires is called
data bus

Control bus:

To issues and receives control signal

Tristate Logic:

1. It is a logic in electronic circuits where in a third state
2. The high impedance State is added to original 1 & 0 logic state that port can be in

Clock:

1. It is produced by clock generator
2. It oscillated between Low and High state
3. The speed of Microprocessor Is determine By clock cycles

Need of Assembly Language

Computers understands Only Binary Language which is suitable for
Computers only we human understands English which is suitable
For us but not to computers so, to communicate with computers we
required one medium which is A language which is known As Assembly
Language ,which understandable for us and that language convert
English(Human Language) to Machine Language (Binary Language)

Comparison of Assembly & Higher Level Language

Sr.No Types of Application Assembly Higher level
1
Language Language
2
Business Application No Formal Formal
3
4 Software For single Structure Structure make

Platform it easy to

organize and

maintain

Hardware device driver Hardware Awkward coding

access is straight Technique

forward and required

simple

Business Application for Difficult to Portable

Multiple Platform maintain

Embedded system and Ideal,because Produce too

computer games the executable much

requiring hardware access code is small executable code

and run quickly and may not run

efficient

Assembler VS Compiler

Compiler Assembler
It converts source code in to It converts Assembly Language to

Machine Language Machine Language
It can directly Convert human It will first convert human written
written source code to Machine source code in to Assembly (.obj)
then it will convert it into Machine
Language
language
Cannot give precise timing and Can give precise timing and clock
clock
Heating point operation are
Heating point operation are performed faster than compiler
performed slower than assembler