Ebook Growth Assessment

DEVELOPMENTAL
MILESTONES BOOK

WHAT
TO

EXPECT
6 YEARS OLD

The Author

NUR FATIN AFZAN BINTI AZHAR
AM2111010283

NOOR IZZATI BINTI MOHD LAZIM
AM2111010262

NURUL SHIFAQ BINTI RUSLI
AM2111010299

WHAT TO
EXPECT
(6 Years old)

CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

INTRODUCTION 1
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT 2-8
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 9-14
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 15-20
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 21-26
27-32
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES 33
34-35

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS CHIDLREN
DEVELOPMENT?

Child development refers to the sequence of physical,
language, thought and emotional changes that occur in
a child from birth to the beginning of adulthood. During
this process a child progresses from dependency on their

parents/guardians to increasing independence.

What does child dev

elopment include?

Child development covers the full scope of skills that a
child masters over their life span including development

in:
Cognition – the ability to learn and problem solve

Social interaction and emotional regulation –
interacting with others and mastering self-control
Speech and Language – understanding and using

language, reading and communicating
Physical skills – fine motor (finger) skills and gross

motor (whole body) skills
Sensory awareness – the registration of sensory

information for use





1

PHYSI C AL N T
EVELO P ME

D

Physical development refers to the
advancements and refinements of motor skills,

or, in other words, children’s abilities to use
and control their bodies. Physical development

also one of the many domains of infant and
toddler development. It relates to the growth
and skill development of the body, including the

brain, muscles, and senses.
Fine Motor Skills

Fine motor skill activities involve manual
dexterity and often require coordinating
movements of the hands and fingers with the
eyes, which is known as hand-eye coordination
Components of fine motor skills include being
able to grip and manipulate objects, use both
hands for a task, and use just the thumb and
one finger to pick something up rather than the

whole hand.
Gross Motor Skills

Gross motor skills are movements that involve
large muscle groups and are generally more

broad and energetic than fine motor
movements. These movements include walking,

kicking, jumping, and climbing stairs. Some
milestones for gross motor skills also involve
eye-hand coordination, such as throwing or

catching a ball.



2

WHAT TO EXPECT

Most children by age 6 :

Can control their major muscles. They


usually have good balance and enjoy

running, jumping, skipping, and other
forms of physical play.
Can catch a ball.
Skip with ease.
Draw a person with at least 8 parts. They
can also copy different shapes and like to
make designs.
Can write their names.
Dress themselves, although they may still
need some help with difficult buttons or
laces.

3

WHAT TO DO

Play with your child. Play games that encourage
physical development.
When they are ready take them to the park. Let
them run. Run with them. Let them play on the
equipment like the swings and slides.
Learn yoga as a family, get a video and go for it.
Go hiking as a family.
Encourage the development of fine motor skills by
providing age-appropriate art materials.
Encourage your child to try out different organized
sports. Hopefully, they will find one or two they
enjoy.
Limit screen time. Encourage physical activities and
playing with "real toys" rather than "virtual toys".
If you have a pool, leave in a complex with a pool or
visit friends with a pool or live near natural bodies
of water, teach your child to swim at an early age.
Check around for programs near you.

4

APPROPRIATE
LEARNING

MATERIAL/TOOLS

5

FINE MOTOR SKILLS ACTIVITIY PHYSICAL

DEVELOPMENT

gardening and planting
Digging and gardening may seem like activities
more suited to building gross motor skills, but
there are parts of it that require smaller muscle
control, too. For instance, transferring seedlings
into a garden requires hand-eye coordination
skills to safely carry the smaller plant to the new
hole. THE child will also need to be able to grasp a
trowel to dig and to use a pincer grasp when

picking up seeds to plant.

Water play

Fill a cup about a quarter full of water. Give THE
child an empty cup and an eyedropper or a clean
medicine syringe. Have THE child try to transfer
the water from one cup to the other by drawing
the water into the dropper or syringe and then
dropping or squirting it into the empty cup. You

could also give THEM more cups, add food
coloring to the water, and make this a color-

mixing experiment.

RICE RACES

Divide a handful of uncooked rice into two
plastic bowls and have an empty bowl handy. Give
THE child small plastic tweezers and grab a pair
for yourself. Then, have a race to see who can be

the first to transfer their rice into the empty
bowl using the tweezers. If THE child is

struggling because the grains of rice are too
small, you may want to begin with O-shaped

cereal or pony beads.



6

Gross MOTOR SKILLS ACTIVITIY PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT

Hopscotch

Hopscotch is great for young
learners! Practice gross motor

and counting skills with fun
playground games like this.

COIN EXERCISE

This simple physical game can be a
fun challenge for CHILDRENS. By
setting time limits the physical
education teacher can help CHIDLRENS

master physical skills and
strengthen their bodies.

BALANCING BEAN BAGS

A balance game is important for
your preschooler's fine motor
development. Have CHILDRENS use their

bean bags in different ways
practicing their balancing skills.






7

MATERIALS AND
TOOLS

Crayon nuts and bolts scissors

jump rope balls hula hoop

8

COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

Cognitive development means how children think, explore and
figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills,
problem solving and dispositions, which help children to think
about and understand the world around them. Brain
development is part of cognitive development.
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that
children move through four different stages of learning. His

theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire
knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of
intelligence.
Piaget's stages are:


Sensorimotor stage: Birth to 2 years
Preoperational stage: Ages 2 to 7
Concrete operational stage: Ages 7 to 11
Formal operational stage: Ages 12 and up



9

WHAT TO EXPECT

At this age they can :

Can tell their age.
Can count to and understand the concept of
"10." For example, they can count 10 pieces of
candy.
Are learning to express themselves well
through words.
Begin to understand cause-and-effect
relationships. "Magical thinking" typical of
preschoolers quickly fades around this age.
Are learning to write.
Start to grasp the concept of time.

10

WHAT TO DO

Practice Counting
Identify opportunities throughout the day to
practice counting. Count the number of shoes
in your child’s closet when he gets dressed or
the number of slides on the playground when
you go to the park. You may soon find that
you’re counting everything!

Visit Interesting Places
Take trips to your local children’s museum,
library or farmer’s market to stimulate his
curiosity and provide him with “hand on”
experiences. Ask him questions while you
explore and listen to his responses and
reactions. These adventures can provide a
learning experience for both of you.

Ask Questions
Another way to help your child learn to think
for himself is to ask him questions: “Which toy
should we pick up first when we clean up the
living room? Or “Why is it important to walk
down the stairs slowly?” Asking him
questions helps him learn how to problem
solve and better understand how his
environment works.

11

APPROPRIATE
LEARNING

MATERIAL/TOOLS

12

ACTIVITY COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

Rainbow colour sorting

Through sorting, children begin to
understand that certain things have
similarities and differences. This type of
logical thinking forms the foundation for
future mathematical concepts and even

everyday tasks.



All about me puzzle

This activity celebrates that wonderful
preschool egocentrism as the children put
together a picture puzzle of themselves. It

can offer a glimpse to a child’s self-
perception as they use their favorite colors
or draw their most treasured clothes, all the

while strengthening their cognitive and
emotional growth.



Fill your hands

This activity relies on a trial and error
process, as the children use differently sized
shapes to fill out a 2-dimensional picture. As
the educator, be sure to remain an observer.
Let the preschoolers explore their thought

processes and let them learn from their
“mistakes”. There’s a higher value in that, as

opposed to the end product.



13

MATERIALS AND
TOOLS

Puzzles Play dough

Lego Wooden block

14

EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

Emotional development refers to the
ability to recognize, express, and
manage feelings at different stages
of life and to have empathy for the
feelings of others. The development
of these emotions, which include
both positive and negative emotions,
is largely affected by relationships
with parents, siblings, and peers

15

EWXHPAETCTTO

At this age, children can express
feelings, although they might
need help and time to identify
and talk about tricky emotions
like frustration or jealousy. They
often have much better control
over feelings too and might have
fewer unexpected outbursts of
anger and sadness.

16

WHAT TO DO

Love your child and show your
affection for them. Hug and talk with
them throughout the day.
Encourage your child to try new things.
Help them see what they are capable
of. Let your child know you are pleased
with their accomplishments.
Establish daily routines. Your child will
feel confident and secure. They will
learn that events can happen in an
organized way. Create routines that are
predictable but flexible

17

APPROPRIATE
LEARNING

MATERIAL/TOOLS

18

ACTIVITY
EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

DRAWING LISTEN TO MUSIC

PLAY PUPPET

19

MATERIAL AND
TOOLS

DRAWING TOOL HEADPHONE

PUPPET

20



WHAT TO
EXPECT

By age 6, kids are getting
more and more independent
from their parents. They will
try to show how big they are,
and do things that might be
dangerous. Peer acceptance
becomes more important
than before. They are learning
to cooperate and share

22

WHAT TO
DO

Parents need to teach
empathy by talking about
different situations and
scenarios with your child.
Ask how others feel when
each of these things happen.
Part of teaching empathy is
a way to help children learn
how to actively listen to
others

23

APPROPRIATE
LEARNING

MATERIAL/TOOLS

24

ACTIVITY SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT

PLAY TELEPHONE MUSICAL CHAIRS

ROLE - PLAYING

25

MATERIAL AND
TOOLS

TIN AND ROPE CHAIRS

MASCOT

26

LANGUAGE

DEVELOPMENT

Language development starts with
sounds and gestures, then words and

sentences can support language
development by talking a lot with
child, and responding when your child
communicates. Reading books and
sharing stories is good for language
development. Language development

supports many other aspects of
development, like cognitive, social and

literacy development. Language
development starts with sounds and
gestures, then words and sentences.
Reading books and sharing stories is

good for language development.

27

WHAT TO EXPECT

A child at this age is better at
interacting socially with his/her
peers and adults.
Their desire to be a part of adult
conversations and behave more
like an adult is also increasing.
Children start to understand how
the sounds within language work
together.
Children will also become better
storytellers, as they learn to
arrange words in different ways
and construct different types of
sentences.
Children begin to try to share
ideas and opinions together

28

WHAT TO DO

Get the children's
attention
Have fun together
Make it easier for them
to talk
Use simple language
Give them time to think
Give children time to
learn and explore.

29

APPROPRIATE
LEARNING

MATERIAL/TOOLS

30

ACTIVITY LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT

Match the Alphabets Give Him Toys and Dolls
Give the child a picture of an object and Give small toys or puppets to children and
ask him or her to identify the object. In encourage them to talk, children can also

this way, children will use phonetics to be creative and imaginative with the
match letters to objects, thus building puppet show.

their ability to spell correctly.

Play Phone Game Sing songs together
Toy phones can be an active part of aside from harnessing their
musical abilities, songs also help
children's play time. Doing this children learn new words.
activity regularly can help children
develop good telephone etiquette and

improve their speaking skills.

31

MATERIAL AND
TOOLS

Muzik instruments Playing words

Puppet Telephone

32

CONCLUSION

Overall, early childhood development
is a very important issue that needs
to be recognized. Parents must pay

attention to the growth of their
children as they are the next age

group. Every parent needs to
understand and realize how
important the first few years of
their child’s life are. Every parent
must observe the development and
growth of their children. However,
parents can do many things to
ensure their child’s developmental
process is successful. Thus, parents
play an important role in leading
their children towards the success

of their lives.

33

REFERENCES

Be You. (2022). Emotional development - be you. Beyou.edu.au.
https://beyou.edu.au/fact-sheets/social-and-emotional-
learning/emotional-development

|FuBnriaticsthivCitoiuesnctihl.a(tnh.de.l)p. Wdewvwel.obprilt
aisnhgcuoaugnecliel.amryn.ing in children

https://www.britishcouncil.my/english/courses-
children/resources/fun-activities-that-develop-language-
learning#:~:text=Games%20like%20Scrabble%2C%20Pictionar
y%20or

Growth and Development, Ages 6 to 10 Years | NorthShore.
(2009). Northshore.org.
https://www.northshore.org/healthresources/encyclopedia/enc
yclopedia.aspx?DocumentHwid=te6244
Language Development - baby, stages, meaning, Definition,
Description, Common problems. (2013).
Healthofchildren.com.
http://www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-
Development.html
Language Development in early childhood - 1198 Words |
Essay Example. (n.d.). Free Essays.
https://ivypanda.com/essays/language-development-in-
early-childhood/

34

Milestones for 6-Year-Olds. (n.d.). Myhealth.alberta.ca.
https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?
hwid=ue5723

Peronto, S. (2015, November 18). 10 Ways to Promote Your
Child’s Cognitive Development - Friendship Circle - Special
Needs Blog. Friendship Circle -- Special Needs Blog.
https://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2014/06/09/10-ways-to-
promote-your-childs-cognitive-development/

Raising Children Network. (2017, November 16). 5-6 years:
child development. Raising Children Network.
https://raisingchildren.net.au/school-
age/development/development-tracker/5-6-years

Promoting Social-Emotional Development in Your Child |
La Petite Academy. (2015). Lapetite.com.
https://www.lapetite.com/blog/2015/02/promoting-
social-emotional-development-in-your-child/

Virtual Lab School. (2019). Physical Development: An Introduction
| VLS. Virtuallabschool.org.
https://www.virtuallabschool.org/infant-toddler/physical-
development/lesson-1

What is Child Development? (n.d.). Kid Sense Child
Development. https://childdevelopment.com.au/areas-of-
concern/what-is-child-
development/#:~:text=Child%20development%20refers%20t
o%20the
Your Child at 6: Milestones. WebMD; WebMD. (2017, May
15). https://www.webmd.com/parenting/guide/child-at-6-
milestones

35