BQS554_AP2244C_AWADAH, ALYA, AYU, LUQMAN, AQILAH

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
DEPARTMENT OF BUILT
ENVIRONMENT STRUDIES AND
TECHNOLOGY, UITM (PERAK)

BQS554
BUILDING SERVICES II

MULTI-STOREY
SMART BUILDING

PREPARED TO:
DR SYED AHMAD QUSOIRI SYED ABDUL KARIM

GROUP MEMBERS

A'WADAH KHALIDAH BINTI AYU SYAZANA BINTI ZULKIFLI
KHALID 2021862158
AP2244C
2021861986
AP2244C

MUHAMMAD LUQMAN NUL
HAKIM BIN ISMAIL
2021478452
AP2244C

NUR AQILAH BINTI MOHD
ALYA SYAFIQAH BINTI AHMAD
NOOR SUKERI

2021823768 2021622106
AP2244C AP2244C

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 4
CASE STUDY 1 5
CASE STUDY 2 6
CASE STUDY 3 7
TOPIC 1: FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS 8
TOPIC 3: TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS AND 13
NETWORKING 18
TOPIC 4: SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION 25
TOPIC 5: MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEMS 32
TOPIC 6: HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR 41
CONDITIONING 42
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

"Smart buildings," often called "intelligent Smart building features include
buildings," are gaining acceptance as an
important part of future building laws. components, functions, and outputs.
Smart buildings will support intelligent
growth, green development, and healthy Components include HVAC, lighting,
environments in metropolitan areas.
Several studies have traced the network, and electrical systems, as well as
emergence of intelligent buildings. Smart
buildings use automation, embedded its sensing and control infrastructure, and
sensors, and other high-tech devices, as
well as ICT. Intelligent Buildings' built-in novel technologies like onsite energy
intelligence reduces environmental
consequences and natural resource generation and storage. Components are
waste and makes them responsive to
user, environmental, and societal interconnected building appliances and
demands. Intelligent Buildings aim to
reduce operating costs via better energy equipment. These parts enable several
management and become "user-centric,"
improving occupants' safety, health, and actions. A building with power metres and
well-being.
danemeanInNedrgTyHresIstSoprIoaSngSseUe;Esyastebmuilmdianyg engage in
that can

sense occupancy can modify lighting,

heating, and air quality to preserve

energy. This may improve interior quality.

A building's intelligence and efficacy

determine its health, comfort,

productivity, and energy efficiency, which

benefit the economy, society, and

environment.

CASE STUDY 1

DAYABUMI COMPLEX

Dayabumi Complex Consist of 35-storey tower
and six-storey podium block. Dayabumi
complex is one of the earliest skyscraper in
Kuala Lumpur. It was designed in a modern
Islamic style. Dayabumi Complex has a
shopping mall called City Point at podium
block.

Dayabumi complex located at Jalan Sultan
Hishamuddin, Kuala Lumpur. It was a
commercial offices building own by KLCC
Property Holdings Berhad. The architect for
this building is MAA and BEP Consortium.
Meanwhile the contractor for this building is
Kumagai Gumi.

This building consist of building services such
as Building Automation System (BAS), Fire
Automation System (FAS), Security Automation
System (SAS) and Advanced communication
system.

For this case study, we will focusing on
advanced communication system in this
building which consist of Private
Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX)
System, Internet and Intranet Network
and Wireless Internet Connection (Wifi).

Figure 1: Dayabumi Complex

CASE STUDY 2:

CENTRAL PLAZA

Currently known as Wisma Chuang, Central Plaza is Figure 2 : Central Plaza

a freehold office complex. Jalan Sultan Ismail is the Smart Building
address of the development in KL City, Kuala
Lumpur. 1997 was the completion of this project,
which included a 29-story office skyscraper.
Chuang's Consortium International conceived of the
concept. Malview Sdn. Bhd. owns Central Plaza, one
of the first intelligent buildings to be constructed in
Malaysia. The office complex offers its tenants a
variety of amenities. The facility is also outfitted
with a 24-hour security system that protects
individuals entering and exiting the building as well
as the employees. Tenants may reach the Kuala
Lumpur city centre in 10 to 15 minutes via Jalan
Bukit Bintang, Jalan Pudu, and Jalan Tun Sambangan
from Central Plaza. This magnificent office building
was created by a famous architect, Ken Yeang, and
an intelligent building system was constructed to
meet the needs and requirements of the clients. The
selected 'high-tech' intelligent system matches the
'high-tech' appearance of the structure. Central
Plaza is one of the first skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur
with intelligent building technology.

CASE STUDY 3:
SULTAN ABDUL
SAMAD BUILDING

Sultan Abdul Samad building is a completed project that was constructed in 1897. This
building is located in Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory. The construction of this building was
started on 3 September 1894. The objective of the construction of this building is to house
several administrative departments of Federated Malay States as a centralized
administrative building. The design of the building was influenced by the Islamic “Moorish” or
“Mahometan Style” that was originated from the public buildings in India.

Besides, there are various types of active fire system that were implemented inside this
building which each type of the active fire system serves its own purposes. One of the active
fire systems that can be found in this building is smoke detectors. The smoke detectors can
be found in most of the area in the building except the rooftop. This is because, heat
detectors are installed at the rooftop level. The wiring for the smoke detectors were also
being hidden within the ceiling. The colour of the smoke detectors also blend in with the
white ceiling of the building. Furthermore, the type of smoke detectors that was installed in
this building was photo-electric smoke detectors.

TOPIC 1:
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

TOPIC 1

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS:
SMOKE DETECTOR

INTRODUCTION APPLICATION & SYSTEM IN

Fire has become one of the most destructive and BUILDING
influential disasters in every country. According to Wu,
Ji and Li (2020), fires are closely related to human Smoke detector is an electronic fire protection device
activities and show an upward trend every year due to that automatically senses the presence of smoke and
the rapid development in the country’s economy and warns an alarm to the building occupants. Smoke
the rapid rise of the construction. The occurrence of detectors will also issue a signal to a fire alarm control
fires will bring material and spiritual damage to the panel as part of the building’s central fire alarm
people. Besides, the use of smoke detector also system. Besides, it is very crucial for every workplace to
becomes one of the most effective ways to prevent have smoke detection systems as it is very critical to
fires in a building. Smoke detector protect the warn the building’s occupants before the smoke
building occupants and properties in a building by accumulates. By providing smoke detectors also
generating an alarm earlier in the fire event. might save many lives. In addition, smoke detectors
Occupants in the building need time to react, which will issue an audible or visual alarm from the detector
every second are critical during a fire event. Smoke itself to warn the building’s occupants to the
detectors can be found in buildings such as offices, occurrence of fire event. Smoke detectors can also be
factories, public buildings and more. Based on the in form of battery-operated smoke detectors or hard-
case study, “Sultan Abdul Samad Building, Kuala wired smoke detectors which are backed up by
Lumpur”, there are also several smoke detectors that batteries. Based on the case study, smoke detectors
were installed in the building. are installed in most of the area in the building
excluding the rooftop area. The smoke detectors are
more efficient in detecting smoke particles at the early
stage of fire events.

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS:

SMOKE DETECTOR

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Choose smoke detectors that have
the label of a recognised testing
labarotary.

Determine the mounting location to
place the smoke detectors.

Turn off the power. Only applicable
to the hard-wired smoke detectors
only.

Install the smoke detector's
mounting bracket

Install the battery-operated smoke
detectors or hard-wired devices
smoke detectors

BENEFITS

Thousands of people bear serious injuries from the occurrence of fires. Even though the death rates that relates
to the fire has shown declination in recent years, these deaths and injuries can be avoided by the installation of
smoke detectors. There are some benefits that can be gained from the installation of smoke detectors
which are smoke detectors help to keep the building occupants save from the fire events, decrease the
risk of properties damage and provide round the clock monitoring.
Firstly, the advantage of installing smoke detectors are they help to keep the building occupants save from
the occurrence of fire events. By installing the smoke detectors in a building, the occupants will not catch
fires by surprise. The smoke detectors will sound an alarm whenever there are any threats of fire in the building
which the smoke detectors allow the building occupants to make call to the fire department in order to
ensure that every occupant able to get out from the building safely.
Secondly, the advantage of installing smoke detectors are they help to decrease the risk of properties
damage. By installing smoke detectors, the building occupants can respond promptly whenever there are any
fire outbreaks. The occupants might also want to bring along their properties out from the building before the
fire events gets out of control.
Thirdly, the advantage of installing smoke detectors are they provide round the clock monitoring to the
occupants inside the building. By installing smoke detectors in a building, the occupants able to know if
there are any occurrence of fire events all the times as the smoke detectors provide 24 hours of protection
whenever and wherever the occupants are.
In a nutshell, smoke detectors must be installed properly in any buildings in order to help the building
occupants to know if there is any smoke, fire or any kind of emergencies taking place in the building. By
installing proper smoke detectors in a building, they tend to be more reliable and faster at detecting any
occurrence of fire events.

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS:
SMOKE DETECTOR

PROBLEMS FUNCTIONS

There are several problems encountered from the There are three types of smoke detectors which
installation of smoke detectors in a building which are photoelectric smoke detectors, ionization
are smoke detector is outdated and need to be smoke detectors and dual sensor smoke alarm.
replaced, the smoke detector is easily damaged Photoelectric smoke detector is chosen for this
and the smoke detector is placed incorrectly. multi-storey smart building. This type of smoke
Firstly, the problem encountered from the detector has a photoelectric sensor and a light
installation of the smoke detectors in the building source that are positioned at 90 degrees to each
are the smoke detectors are outdated and need other. If there are any occurrence of fire events,
to be replaced might have causing the smoke the smoke will be entering the smoke detector
detectors to warn an alarm even though there is no through the vents, which it will cross the path of
occurrence of fire. Smoke detectors are not designed the light beam. The light is then scattered by the
to be last forever, and they need to be replaced every smoke particles and able to alert the control
seven to ten years. It is very crucial to check the system and eventually trigger the alarm.
expiry dates of the smoke detectors once a year and Moreover, the time taken for photoelectric smoke
replace them once they have reached the expiry detector to respond towards the smoke is much
dates. faster than the ionization smoke detector type
Secondly, the problem encountered from the which it can respond in 15 to 50 minutes to the
installation of the smoke detectors in the building smouldering fire.
are smoke detectors are easily damaged. Smoke
detectors can be easily damaged when they are Figure 3: Photoelectric smoke detector
exposed to water, stickers, fire, paint or by force. The
presence of dirt, dust or insects might also damage 1 Optical chamber
and block the sensor which might cause the smoke
detectors to warn false alarms to the building 2 Cover
occupants.
Thirdly, the problem encountered from the 3 Case moulding
installation of the smoke detectors in the building
are smoke detectors are placed incorrectly which 4 Photodiode (transducer)
might have causing the smoke detectors to warn
false alarms. It is very crucial to determine the 5 Infrared LED
location of the smoke detectors before installing the
smoke detectors in order to prevent the smoke Table 1: Photoelectric smoke detector components
detectors to warn false alarms. For instance, the
places that are not suitable to place smoke detectors
are next to a door or window, outdoors or where dirt
or dust could block the sensor of the smoke
detectors.
In a nutshell, regular inspections should be done in
order to keep the smoke detectors to function and
operate well. It is also important to ensure that there
is no physical damage to the detector which makes
the smoke detectors able to detect any occurrence
of fire events.

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS:
SMOKE DETECTOR

PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEMS

Smoke detectors in building spaces are
usually connected to a fire alarm control
panel. These fire alarm control panels are
part of a bigger fire alarm system which
they include horns, sounding strobes, or
other devices. Besides, smoke detectors
also provide several benefits to the
building occupants as the smoke detectors
can be monitored remotely.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

According to Samad (2020), fire safety is
governed by the Uniform Building By-Law
(UBBL) 1984 which the latest amendment
as of 2012. The UBBL requirements on fire
are under the Part VII which is the Fire
Requirements and Part VIII - Fire Alarms,
Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment and
Fire Fighting Access.

CONCLUSION

SFirefighting system is the most important building services as it protects
human’s life and property. One of the firefighting systems that is widely used
in every building is smoke detector. Smoke detector which is an electronic
fire-protection device that automatically senses the presence of the smoke
able to generate an alarm in the occurrence of fire events to the building
occupants might save many lives. The use of smoke detectors in the multi-
storey smart building also able to alert and respond promptly whenever there
are any fire outbreaks. It is important to install smoke detectors as the
firefighting system in the multi-storey smart building as it has a lot of
advantages.

TOPIC 3:
TELECOMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS AND
NETWORKING

TOPIC 3 - TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SYSTEMS AND NETWORKING

WIRED BROADBAND

TELECOMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION

The term "wired broadband" describes a APPLICATION IN

connection made up of cables. These cables can BUILDING
be twisted pair, fibre optic, or copper-based. The
purpose of a wired connection is to transfer various
electric signals from one end to the other. There
are a lot of controllers, switches, and electronic
devices in modern buildings. For automation and
management of vital building systems including
HVAC, lighting, security, CCTV, fire alarms, and
elevators, these components rely on wired
networks. Building automation has long been
dominated by proprietary protocols, which has led
to the issue of siloed systems. However, today's
open-standard Ethernet/IP-based cabling and
Power over Ethernet options increasingly replacing
them.

What types of apps are supported now that the broadband possibilities have been covered? First
off, all broadband services are suited for consumers who want to receive content-rich multimedia,
such as audio, video, and graphics, because they all have a high downstream data-rate. Second,
depending on how it is used, people can potentially start their own content businesses. The
availability of always-on connections is anticipated to result in a rise in demand for the latter.
Telecommunication helps in a smart building from Multimedia web-site hosting, Media streaming
(video, audio, graphics) - video-on-demand, internet radio, voice over IP, virtual reality, Computer
Supported Cooperative Work - collaboration tools, desktop video-conferencing, multi-user virtual
reality, virtual communities, Entertainment - interactive gaming, interactive or 'inhabited' television,
music and many more.

TOPIC 3 - TELECOMMUNICATIONS


SYSTEMS AND NETWORKING

WIRED BROADBAND
INSTALLATION

TELECOMMUNICATION PROCESS

PROBLEMS 1. Choose a service

provider to see if

THE CABLES AND CONNECTORS ARE NOT COMPATIBLE fibre is available in

area.
Cause issues that will undoubtedly lower the performance
the network. This is particularly true if they weren't 2. The Local Fibre

1. produced and meant to function together. If the use of Company installer

cables and connectors with various performance levels, will arrange a pre-

the network may also encounter problems. installation

appointment

THE CABLES ARE NOT PROPERLY INSTALLED referred to as the

site scope visit.
Improper installation, whether brought on by the IT guy's
2. lack of training or a genuine error, might eventually lead 3. Installing the fibre

from the road into

to even more expensive and time-consuming network the building and

stability problems. it’s done in two

stages.
FUNCTION
4. Once the fibre is

In reality, broadband is a high-speed internet connection that lets built to the outside

people use all that the internet has to offer. There is always an of your house, it

internet connection. It uses a standard phone connection to send now needs to be

and receive internet signals to and from a device. Prior to now, it connected

operated on a dial-up connection and was unable to give the internally. A

speed we now use every day. The most popular home broadband technician returns

for fixed-line is made of copper and fibre. to complete the

internal wiring and

installation of the

fibre to another

small box inside

your house called

the Optical

Network Terminal

(ONT).

BENEFITS

1. Speed

In general, wired networks are faster than wireless ones. With the
introduction of Gigabit routers and other new technologies, data
speeds have continued to increase. Furthermore, wired networks
often don't have any dead spots, which can occasionally occur in
wireless connections.

2. Cost

Installing the infrastructure for a wired network might be quite
inexpensive, depending on the configuration. Hardware like
Ethernet cables, switches, routers, and other pieces are often
affordable.

TOPIC 3 - TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SYSTEMS AND NETWORKING

WIRED BROADBAND

TELECOMMUNICATION

PRINCIPLES &

IMPLICATIONS

Voice data is a category of data that is CONCLUSION
increasingly being exchanged over the
Internet. Sound can be transferred to a
digital format for transmission over the
Internet and then recreated at the other
end due to a system known as voice
over IP, or VoIP. Anyone with a browser
can now use voice communication via
the Internet due to the use of numerous
existing technologies and applications
such as Skype.

Since the start of the twenty-first century, telecommunication has been an unavoidable
trend. Utilizing these technological advancements is advantageous for everyone, not just
companies. As communication and connection have become the basis of societies,
businesses, communities, and families, it satisfies our fundamental need for both.
Telecommunication is essential for security, from efforts to prevent natural disasters to
military requirements. The largest economic stimulant is it. Statista estimates that $520
billion is spent annually globally in the telecom business.

TOPIC 4:
SPECIAL SERVICES

INSTALLATION

TOPIC 4

SPECIAL SERVICES
INSTALLATION

BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

Special services installation is added value services in a building besides the basic building
services. Special services installation includes intelligent building system, building automation
system, security system and energy efficiency building system. Smart building is one type of
buildings that required special services installation. Special services installation referring to the
latest technology of building services in a building.

Therefore, based on case study of Central Plaza
building, there are several special services
installations in that building. For instance,
Central Plaza building consist technology of
security system which is CCTV, door sensors
and duress switches. Therefore, for the new
Multi-Storey Smart Building, we would like to
propose latest innovative technology of security
system which is motion detection and audio
sensors security system. This system capable of
providing specific information regarding
identified objects, such as position, speed, and
movement direction. Besides, this system also
consists of audio analytics which can assist
security agents in processing, detecting, and
alerting them to disruptive and possibly
dangerous occurrences. Through this propose
system, there are installation of security system
services such as CCTV and smart access
system.

BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM APPLICATION

CCTV SYSTEM

Over the previous decade, camera systems have
progressed from analogue to digital. This shift has made
it possible for computers to interpret and understand
digital images, allowing digital image processing and
analytics. Nowadays, the CCTV system have upgrade
into the smarter system by using modern IP camera.
Modern IP camera or known as Internet Protocol (IP)
cameras, often known as IP cameras or network
cameras, enable digital video surveillance by
transmitting and receiving video data over the internet or
local area network (LAN). Modern IP cameras are now
incorporated with a microprocessor, allowing them to
analyse data at the source and combine sensorics
technology with analytics. It enables for the analysis of
data from cameras using facial recognition, infrared
cameras, or night vision.

SMART ACCESS SYSTEM

Access control system are enables to
manage, monitor, and maintain who has
access to a building. The purpose of access
control is to provide quick, convenient access
control for authorized persons, while at the
same time, restricting access for
unauthorized people. Physical and logical
access control are the two types of access
control. Access to campuses, buildings,
rooms, and physical IT assets is restricted via
physical access control.

Connections to computer networks, system files, and data are restricted
by logical access control. Moreover, electronic security system is one of
physical access control. To authorise someone to enter specified places
by utilising an identifier such as door access system and biometric
fingerprint scanners

BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

INSTALLATION PROCESS

CCTV SYSTEM

1 Decide the CCTV Location. Usually, for security
purpose, the installation of CCTV is at the
perimeter of a building. This is to ensure the
CCTV cover the whole building surrounding.

2 Run the cables in between the location of the
camera and the control equipment (DVR)
location.

3 Connect the power-input of each CCTV camera
to the 4/5/8-way power supply-splitter lead on
your power supply using the same cable.

4 Connect DVR to the power supply-input which is
on the DVR and then connect the power supply
for DVR, monitor and camera to the main power
supply.

5 Connect the Monitor to the DVR and
programme the DVR.

SMART ACCESS SYSTEM

1 The access control system installation drawing
must be approved and coordinated with other
services.

2 Room clearance and proper access shall be
granted in accordance with the approved
programme.

3 The location must be prepared for on-site
installation. Prior to installation, the location
where the items to be installed will be inspected
to ensure that all architectural work and
finishing is complete and the space is dust-free.

4 When attaching the product to the wall or 7 A drilling operation on the wall
ceiling, follow the instructions for the mount with proper labelling is required
and use approved installation practises during installation.
appropriate for the structure and material the
mount is attached to.

Prior to installation, double-check all cabling Inspect the power and control
wiring at the panel end.
5 8against wiring detail drawings.

Mark the location of the device / panels and At the panel end, insulate the
leave enough cable length at both ends for wiring to prevent cable damage.

6 9termination.

BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

BENEFITS ENABLE REMOTE MONITORING
Through the security system, the owner of the property are
able to check up on their property due to the system
connection with the internet.

DISCOURAGE SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY
The security system that have been installed such as CCTV
is one of the ways to fear the people from doing crimes
activities. This is due to the fear feeling of get caught by the
authorities.

DISCOURAGE SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY
The security system that have been installed such as CCTV
is one of the ways to fear the people from doing crimes
activities. This is due to the fear feeling of get caught by the
authorities.

LACK OF MAINTENANCE ON SECURITY SYSTEM
This is due Software updates, replacements and preventive
maintenance are all highly expenses that need to be
considered when making a security system investment.

FALSE ALARM PROBLEM
A high percentage of security system activations are false
alarms. This frequently happens when the system was not
correctly installed.

NOT SECURING ALL ENTRY POINTS
Many buildings have more than one entrance and exit.
Unfortunately, many people fail to secure all these
entrances including emergency exits. This poses a huge
security risk.

BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

FUNCTION

As we know, CCTV function as video surveillance for any security incidents and facilitate
immediate action to resolve concerns in a building. While smart access control system
function to detect and allow the person in and out of the building. CCTV system usually
located around the building especially the entrance and exit way. For the access control
system usually located at the entrance of the building to ensure only authorized person in
and out of the building. There are several functions of CCTV systems and access control
system with the latest technology.

1 PEOPLE COUNTING
People in a room, floor, or building can be counted using
several camera systems. The system can determine how
many individuals are entering or departing an area by
communicating with the cameras.

2 FACE RECOGNITION
Entrance systems can be used for dual authentication. By
connecting the face with the user number, you can ensure
that the card/key user is the genuine owner and avoid
identity theft.

3 OBJECT TRACKING
If an object or person is detected in a designated region for
an extended length of time, an alert is triggered. This can aid
in the prevention of crimes such as vandalism and theft. The
programme is best suited for low-traffic locations and after-
hours use on semi-public sites.

BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

PRINCIPLES AND SYSTEM

Security system technology is continually developing, and new
technologies are always being developed to increase the
security of both residential and commercial security systems.
These new features and technologies are making security
more effective than ever before, from continuously improving
camera processors to smarter, more powerful alarm sensors
including several new alerts and smart features that make
your life and utilising your system easier.
The security system give some implication towards space in a
building. This is because each type of security system have
their own special room to operate and monitor the system.
Therefore, in a smart building will consist several room to
control the security system.

TOPIC 5:
MECHANICAL HANDLING

SYSTEM

TOPIC 5:

MECHANICAL

HANDLING SYSTEMS




INTELLIGENT
DEFINITION OF APPLICATION
ELEVATOR
Within the context of a smart building, the creation of an
intelligent lifting system is a fascinating task. In such lifting
systems, the decision-making process is challenging,
unpredictable, and intricate. To handle this uncertainty, it
is necessary to construct an intelligent, automated expert
system. This system should be as cost-effective and
customer friendly as feasible, while causing as little
inconvenience as possible. Unlike in the case study in
Central Plaza which using high speed elevator, smart
elevators will be more rational and intelligent elevator
system may be considered. A proactive traffic
management system that integrates an intelligent
elevator in order to improve both intelligence and time
efficiency. There are three components constituting the
total.

First, the development of Internet of Things connectivity-enabled hardware for classic
elevators. Second, an agent server to boost the computational capabilities of the
elevator, enabling the traffic flow to be precisely monitored, predicted, and
dynamically controlled to maximize the use of available time. Thirdly, a unique user
interface was designed to receive the granular traffic data and convey the system's
knowledge to passengers. This interface was also intended to enhance
communication between passengers and the system. Each one is important and
essential for the concept to be applicable in the actual world.

INSTALLATION PROCESS

INTELLIGENT ELEVATOR

In most cases, the lift manufacturer will not offer construction workers specifics until
after the order has been made. As a result, it is essential to make the decision on the lift
at the preliminary stages of the project. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to
notify the building contractor when the lift is ready for shipment. This will allow the
building contractor to make the appropriate preparations on the job site.

Column
The technician will first evaluate where suitable space to place the lift to
placement see whether it's acceptable. Both floors must be solid enough to sustain a
loaded lift system, and there must be adequate overhead space for loading
and unloading items. Finally, they'll bolt the columns and guide columns.

Floor and wall outlines will help the carriage move up the columns evenly. Installing

The carriage is between columns. Wheel blocks and carriage uprights are elevator

on the columns. Mounted wheellocks should not slip off when the carriage carriage

is lifted. Mechanical lift drive bases are installed above the columns. The and drive

drive base is welded to the supports after installing the motor drive.
base.

Assembling
Gates and enclosures must be constructed to prevent falling objects from
gates,
injuring people and need to be welded securely. Technician will handle lift
wiring and allows activating the elevator using a switch. They will also
enclosures
ensure the lift is working properly and can be safely used by the
and
employees.

electrical

connections

The elevator installer should advise the building contractor of the Notify for

installation date and any other special requirements. Using the lift during testing of

construction requires consent from the client, the insurance company, the
architect, and the lift manufacturer. A good lift installation ends with a the

comprehensive inspection. Then, employees or an operator will be taught elevator
how to safely utilise the elevator.

BENEFITS

Intelligent elevator using IoT-enabled development, agency server, and an innovative user interface to
optimise transit efficiency via fine-grained monitoring and proactive traffic control. Traffic monitoring
and control may help. The system's usefulness and passenger experience were also recommended.
The destination must be entered before entering the elevator. If the elevator was in proactive mode
for traffic management, passengers may have seen more options.

INTELLIGENT ELEVATOR

IOT-ENABLING DEVELOPMENT ON
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE

A CONVENTIONAL ELEVATOR USER INTERFACE

IoT-enabled development makes elevators Using the IoT-enabled software and the
outwardly context-aware. Most elevator suggested user interface, elevator traffic flow
controllers accept input via landing-call and may be integrated and monitored in real time. It
destination-call buttons. The position monitor changes the UI. This dynamic, self-adaptive user
records the elevator's location and direction. interface maximizes productivity. The new UI
According to the notion, a smart elevator was offers advantages.
presented. A signal input device generated 1. Provide additional information
landing-call button signals, while a signal output The user interface indicates elevator wait time,
device collected elevator position signals. An direction, position, and more in real time.
external CPU handles incoming and outgoing 2. Monitor traffic.
signals. On the agent server, an API was built so The elevator's user interface just needs the
additional devices could join over LAN. destination. It tracks each passenger's origin and
destination floors to increase transit efficiency.
3. Traffic regulation.
Intelligent elevators can monitor and forecast
fine-grained traffic to manage flow more
proactively. This boosts productivity. Some user
interfaces will be deactivated to ease
bottlenecks. Self-adjusting floors do this. Getting
a ride at the next station would save travel time.

Continued

THE ELEVATOR INCAPABLE
INTELLIGENT ELEVATOR
ACCESSING TRAFFIC INFORMATION.

A traditional elevator control system includes a controller, destination call buttons

within the cabin, and landing-call buttons on each level. When a passenger wants to

use the elevator, they must first make a directional-landing call (uphill or downhill)

and wait for it. When the elevator came, people boarded and pushed their target floor.

Due to this issue, the elevator system couldn't tell a passenger how many people were

waiting outside or where they were going. The elevator system can't access fine-

grained information on each passenger's origin and destination.

PASSENGERS WAIT TOO LONG WITH
TOO MUCH UNCERTAINTY

On the other hand, for passengers, a poor elevator user experience may also be the

result of a protracted wait time paired with an overwhelming amount of

misunderstanding about the elevator's progress. Moreover, the design of the elevator

system is intrinsically tied to both the ineffectiveness of the transportation system
and the negative passenger experience.
and Accessible traffic information is inconsistent

and insufficient due to the existing

architecture of the elevator system, which

employs the usual user interface. Therefore,

vertical transportation's efficiency and

intelligence have been significantly

compromised.

PROBLEMS

FUNCTIONS I N T E L L I G E N T E L E V A T O R

Login
Users may access the system by entering their account
registration for
number and password using a specific browser on any
Internet-connected client server. Likewise, new users may
users query user information based on their authorisation.

When the user taps the left navigation bar's operation Elevator

data module, a new elevator operation data tab appears. operation data
In the right part of the principal interface, elevator speed,
load distribution, infrared switch status, limit switch
status, and other mechanical and electrical data are
charted in real time.

Passenger Passenger count statistics, fall detection, and elevator
management
Add a subheadingreservation are included. By analysing the number of

passengers, the time of taking the elevator, and passenger
behaviour, the optimal elevator operation configuration
can be achieved, passenger waiting time can be reduced,
and personnel fall accidents in the car can be identified in
a timely manner, reducing middle-aged and elderly
elevator failure injuries.

Analyze equipment data and prior maintenance work Elevator health

orders utilising PHM technology and Bayesian theory administration
statistical analysis, and build a system health monitoring
system based on Bayesian network and grass-roots data.
On-demand elevator maintenance and early fault
diagnosis are possible.

Care in an
The system automatically gathers emergency events from
emergency
elevator terminal collectors, processes each elevator fault
situation alarm as a form, and distributes emergency information
to elevator production, supervision, and user
departments in real time. Real-time recording of elevator
operation, maintenance, fault kinds, and rescue station
information improves safety.

INTELLIGENT ELEVATOR

PRINCPLES AND


SYSTEMS

Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT is a system of
interconnected computing
devices, mechanical and
digital machinery, items,
animals, and people that
may send data across a
network without human-
to-human or human-to-
computer contact.

Artificial Intelligence
As related research suggests, it's not enough to improve
(AI) technology elevator efficiency and intelligence with a single sensor
technology, hardware improvement, or complex algorithm.
AI is the capacity of a This is needed to obtain outcomes. Advances in IoT and AI
have made fine-grained traffic monitoring and dynamically
computer or computer- self-adaptive traffic control acceptable and anticipated.
Fine-grained traffic monitoring enabled these
controlled robot to execute improvements.

intelligent activities. The Because a facility delivers user-oriented services, choosing
how to design the user interface, whether the user needed
phrase is often used to the material, or if the choice offered was accurate and
useful are vital for assuring a better elevator user
describe the development experience. Other examples of user-focused services
include. These research perspectives have been lacking for
of systems that can reason, a long time. This paucity of study is longstanding.

uncover meaning,

generalise, or learn from

experience.

TOPIC 6:
HEATING, VENTILATING
AND AIR CONDITIONING

(HVAC)

TOPIC6:

HEATING,VENTILATING
& AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

BUILDING AUTOMATION
SYSTEM (BAS)

WHAT IS BUILDING It also will ensure the
effectiveness of operational
AUTOMATION SYSTEM ? performance for the facility as
well as the comfort and safety of
Building Automation System or also the occupants in the building.
known as BAS is a network and Building that use BAS also will call
interlinked system of software and as smart and intelligent building.
hardware that will monitor and BAS is the known as a part of
control the facility system of the green buildings too.
building. It be designed to connect
with the facilities inside the building It is because BAS is a user
through one set of controls. friendly, it can helps to maintain
the indoor air quality and energy
With more advance systems, BAS efficiency by tracking and
provide a interface that allows the identify the status in the building
user to adjust and control remotely through the system. The function
the settings, status and detect any of BAS is to reduce the energy
potential issue related to building consumption, decrease the cost
performance on different mobile of maintenance, improving the
devices using specific apps or comfort and productivity of
platforms. occupants .

TOPIC 6 : HVAC

APPLICATION

BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

The function of air conditioning of BAS

is keeping the environment in the

building comfortable and reduce the

energy consumption. The units of air

AIR conditioning will be controlled by
computer which can improve the air

CONDITIONING treatment services to all areas in the
building also able to keep the

SYSTEM temperature and humidity in the best
condition for occupants. During the

application, indoor and outdoor

temperatures will be compared, and

controlled by computer. If there any

obvious difference, it will adjust by

measure with the actual situation.

The system will automatically monitor,

control and react quickly to the levels of

pollutants, the right number required for

ventilation, the locations to place the

ventilation or operating a mechanical

system at the right speed. For example,

BAS will regulate the temperature in the VENTILATION
building according to the occupants’

needs and through the sensor that be SYSTEM
installed to know if there any

requirement to improve the indoor air

quality. So, it can help to make sure that

the building indoor condition in a good

and healthy state. With BAS in

ventilation system, it can lowers the

energy consumption by apply the

suitable and effective ventilation

strategies.

TOPIC 6 : HVAC




INSTALLATION



BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

01 WIRING AND CONDUIT
INSTALLATION

120VAC power wiring to remote site controller will be run with a separate breaker. It will
contain separate wire which are hot, neutral and ground wire. At the finished area,
conduit will be concealed in the ceiling cavity spaces, plenums, furred spaces and wall.

02 INSTALLATION OF FIELD
DEVICES

Well mounted sensors will be installed with the thermal conducting compound within
the well to ensure the heat be transferred to the sensor in a good state. Then, actuators
will be firmly mount and linkage will be altered.

03 ENCLOSURES

The field interface devices, these devices will be mounted in the field of interface
panel (FIP). FIP will contain power supplies for sensors, interface relays, contactors
and safety circuits.

04 IDENTIFICATION OF
COMPONENTS

Control wires must be identified with the labelling tape by using the word or
number that cross with the referenced with as built drawing. All field enclosure will
be identified with nameplate

05 IDENTIFY THE LOCATION

Control wires must be identified with the labelling tape by using the word or number
that cross with the referenced with as built drawing. All field enclosure will be
identified with nameplate

06 INSTALLATION OF
SOFTWARE

Contractor will provide all the worker that able to install, initialize, start up and debug all
the software system. During the installation, operating software system or another
software third party will be needed to ensure the installation process is successful.

TOPIC 6 : HVAC




BENEFITS

BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Benefits of BAS Provide Effective Cost Management
in terms of :
BAS can help to reduce the operational costs for the
Cost building. It is because, the management can track the
management system at any time, able to know the issue, when and the
needs to repair without need to do it manually. So, it able
Environment to reduce the maintenance cost. This system uses
minimum energy while operating and able to turn off the
Comfort for devices automatically. So, it able to reduce the utility bills
occupants of the building.

Environmental friendly

Carbon dioxide emissions are rising for many reasons
especially in the building and one of the reasons is
relating with the usage of HVAC . This intelligent system
will help to reduce the waste energy as much as possible
which also able to reduce the release of carbon dioxide
emission. For example, energy management will allow to
visualize the energy spending of building and measure
the energy usage. Since carbon dioxide emissions are
consequences from the energy consumption, it will
reduce the emissions release from the building.

Provide better comfort

By having BAS in HVAC system, it can provide
automatically proper temperature in winter and summer
by regulating the temperature before occupants arrives
and leaves the building. It also able to maximize the used
of natural light and control the amount of fresh air in the
building by using sensors. BAS also able to track the
suitable temperature and humidity needed for the
occupants so it become more comfortable for them. So,
the building able to get green certifications from the
sustainability provided by the system.

D E C E MTBOEPRI C2 062:0H•V AVCO L . 2 4

PROBLEMS ARISE

BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM OBSOLESCENCE

EXPENSIVE The second problems that could arise from
BAS is obsolescence. It is because, after a
Cost of BAS is high because there a lot of decade or two decades after the installation
devices and components that need to be in the building, the technology that be
installed and provided in the building to applied during that time may be out of
ensure this system be operated effectively. date. So, building manager need to find a
Without enough devices, this system may strategy to improve the technology with
not able to lasting for long time in the future the latest system. To update to the latest
which will cause losses back to the owner of technology, it may required a lot of cost and
building. For the installation of this system, it detail planning for the building to adjust
required the engineers and operators that with the newest system. So, most of the
expert and familiar with BAS. So, it may managers do not want to take risk because
increase the cost of installation to pay the they find this as the weakness by having
fee for the services provided by them. BAS in their building.
Because of this, most of small and medium
sized of building not install BAS.

COMPLICATED

The installation process of BAS in the building may be complicated due to a lot of
aspect that needs to be considered such as the components and devices, the
specific planning, software involved and the process itself. So, people may find
this difficult to install in the building. In Malaysia, this system not widely be
exposed, so the amount of specialist is less. Because of this, the technology
system somewhat be neglected.

TOPIC 6 : HVAC




HOW BAS
FUNCTIONS?




BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

SENSORS It a device that able to measure values such as the output
of carbon dioxide, room temperature, humidity, lighting
levels or room occupancy. Sensor will transmit the
information to the centralized controllers.

It is known as the brain system that will manage all CONTROLLER
devices in the building and collect all the information
from sensors. Then, it will decide by send commands to
all connected systems.

OUTPUT It will carry out the commands from the controllers
DEVICES according to programmed responses. For example,
lowering the level of temperature of air conditioning if
the temperature in the building is hot.

In BAS, it will use specific language to connect with COMMUNICATION
the each component. Protocols such as BACnet PTOTOCOLS
and Modus will help components to send and
receive the information to adjust the setting and
execute the commands.

Weekly Newsletter | The Larana HTilOlsP|I CRe6s:idHeVnAtCial April, 2023 | Vol. 3

BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

PRINCIPLES & SPACE
IMPLICATIONS

In BAS controller hardware, all digital output For the space implication, BAS may need a
units shall include with three position manual special services room to place all the devices,
switches which are ON, OFF or AUTO output wiring and equipment. This room will be as
state. These switches will be implemented into the main control to monitor and observe all
units and provide feedback to controller. In BAS the system. The wiring will be connected to
software, Network Control Unit (NCU) contain all the devices that be placed at each
with flash ROM as the main operating system. proposed location. BAS will focus on HVAC,
Application of software will be as RAM resident. security and lighting system that have in the
But, the software will be limited by depending building. For every system in the building,
on RAM memory. there may a panel control to monitor it . So,
the detail and specific planning must be
Each NCU must be able to do parallel process discussed and provided before all the
and execute all control program. Then, installation process be executed. Engineer
Standalone Digital Control Units must be must provide drawings that indicate the
provided control of HVAC and lighting. The wiring, area and room for BAS. This will help
controller must have its own programs and to ensure the location of main control room
continue to engage when there a failure or and panel control for every system be placed
communication loss to NCU. BAS must capable at the suitable area without interrupt the
to integrate all point data from the building to space of the building that be set by Uniform
the third party software or external systems Building By Laws (UBBL).
such as BacNet protocol without need to buy
additional equipment or software.

TOPIC 6 : HVAC

BULDING REGULATIONS
RELATED TO (BAS)

LIGHTING AND VENTILATION

BAS comply with the Malaysia’s building regulation which is Uniform
Building By Laws (UBBL). BAS will be installed in the proposed room
by providing natural lighting and ventilation through the windows
that have a total area not less than 10% of the floor area for the room.
Then, the BAS also will ensure the opening will be provided with air
passage that are not less than 5% of floor.

AIR CONDITIONING

For air conditioning system in BAS, it will follow the regulation that be
stated in UBBL. The amount of air conditioning needed for the proposed
space will depend on the height of room and the total area of the room
itself. BAS will be installed at the strategic space that can improve the
effectiveness of air conditioning usage for the area. So, there will no
waste energy consumption. Air conditioning will be included with air
filtration that can filter 70% of particle. It also must provide with a
minimum of one fresh air change per hour.

CONCLUSION

Modern structures serve more purposes than only protecting the sky.
They have developed into intelligent buildings with a connected
infrastructure that simplify life and work, increase safety and comfort,
and lessen their environmental effect. Modern smart building
technology can be used in many different fields. In a future low-
carbon economy, where information technology and smart building
applications will completely integrate and merge, smart buildings are
a vital contribution. More and more academics believe that hardware
system awareness is necessary for smart building applications. Long-
term energy and cost reduction goals for smart building applications
will necessitate multi-layer software and hardware adaptability. A
significant improvement necessitates the use of new hardware,
comprehension of the systemic issue, and collaborative thought.

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