HTT557 Zoo Melaka

DESTINATION, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT (HTT557) Presenting to: Madam Norazah Mustapa ANIMAL CONSERVATION ZOO MELAKA & BIRD PARK 2023

EDITOR PUTERI DAYANGKU DALILA BINTI BAHARUDDIN (2022995639) 1. 2. NUR SYAZA NATASYA BINTI ZULKIFLI (2022981515) 3. NUR UMAIRAH BINTI HASHIM (2022949667) 4. NURUL ANIS BINTI ANUAR (2022905869) 5. NUR IZZATI BINTI RAZALI (2022779753)

Contents Introduction Background of Zoo Melaka Map of Zoo Melaka 1. 0 INTRODUCTION How to get there Places of interest Development stage 2 . 0 PLACE OF INTEREST Design standard of Zoo Melaka Facilities Implementation on tourism policy DESIGN STANDARD AND TOURISM POLICY 3 . 0 Economy impacts Social impacts Environmental impacts 4 . 0 IMPACTS Analysis of Impact Future Planning 5 . 0 ANALYSIS AND PLANNING 6 . 0 CONCLUSION

THE GREATNESS OF A NATION CAN BE JUDGED BY THE WAY ITS ANIMAL ARE TREATED. -MAHATMA GHANDIB Y : N U R I Z Z A T I R A Z A L I

WRITTEN BY PUTERI DAYANGKU DALILA BINTI BAHARUDDIN INTRODUCTION OF ZOO MELAKA On April 2013, saw the recent privatization of Zoo Melaka, which had been cared for since 1963 by the Melaka state government, under the new name of Zoo Melaka And Night Safari. Under the new Majlis Perbandaran Hang Tuah Jaya, this second-largest zoo in Malaysia, which is 54 acres, will undergo a transition into an open concept in terms of animal exhibit, improve wildlife teaching programmes, increase animal breeding and conservation programmes, and become a leisure place. The ever-popular Night Safari will be improved to offer visitors a special chance to observe nocturnal animal behaviours in its natural environment. I N T R O D U C T I O N Opening hours of Zoo Melaka: Day Zoo: Monday to Friday 10:00A.M - 5:00P.M (Counter will close at 4:00P.M) Day Zoo: Saturday to Sunday 9:00A.M - 6:00P.M (Counter will close at 5:00P.M) Night Safari: Friday and Saturday 8:00P.M - 11:00P.M (Counter will close at 10:00P.M) Note: Night Safari will be cancel if it rains. Contact: +6062323900 Email: [email protected] Instagram: @zoomelakaofficial Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/zoomelakaofficial/ Website: https://www.zoomelaka.gov.my/contact.html

BACKGROUND OF ZOO MELAKA According to Wikipedia, a 54-acre (22 hectare) zoological park with more than 1200 animals, including 215 species of birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals is known as the Malacca Zoo, formally known as the Malacca Zoo and Night Safari. It is situated next to Lebuh Ayer Keroh (Federal Route 143) in Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia. Both of Malaysia's zoos, which were founded in 1963, are second in size only to the National Zoo of Malaysia. Initially owned by the Malacca State Government, the zoo serves as a base for animal rescue operations as well as a sanctuary for animals. In 1979, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks of Malaysia took over management of the facility, and on August 13, 1987, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohammad, the country's then-prime minister, officially opened it to the public. The critically endangered Sumatran rhinoceros was initially on display at the Malacca Zoo in Malaysia. Other animals on display in the zoo, both domestic and exotic, included the white rhinoceros, Asian elephants, red panda, Malaysian gaur, serow, squirrel monkey, molurus python, grey wolf, Mongolian wild horse, green tree python, giraffe, blue-andyellow macaw, as well as the Indochinese and Malayan tigers. Written by Puteri Dayangku Dalila Binti Baharuddin

M A P O F Z O O M E L A K A

There are numerous methods to get to the Zoo Melaka. Visitors who want to visit Zoo Melaka have a few different options, including driving, using their own vehicles, and riding buses. Because Melaka's public transport system is dependable, passengers can use it to go where they're going. Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, is where you will travel for around one hour and thirty minutes to get to Zoo Melaka. Tourists from the Northern and East Coast Regions are advised to fly to Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) and then continue their journey to Zoo Melaka by bus because it is easier and saves them time. Tourists travelling from the Southern Region and Singapore must take the North South Motorway and exit at Aver Keroh Toll Plaza. The predicted arrival time from the Malaysia-Singapore international border is two hours and thirty minutes. The public transportation for tourists will drop them off at Melaka Sentral. They can then board a Grab or a public bus and travel to the Zoo. People can afford to use Grabcar and public transport because of their low prices. Visitors are encouraged to drive their own vehicle because Zoo Melaka & Night Safari is relatively remote from any type of public transit. It is at Ayer Keroh, 13 kilometers outside of Malacca City. If you're using the PLUS highway to go to Malacca from somewhere else, exit at the Ayer Keroh intersection, then continue straight until you see the Zoo Melaka sign. Despite the distance, there are bus and MRT stops that visitors can use. In essence, visitors are free to use any mode of transportation. Near the zoo, there is a Grab drop-off and pickup location. From the toll exit to Zoo Melaka is about 5.1km. How To Get There Z o o M e l ak a Written by Nur Syaza Natasha Binti Zulkifli 2022981515

ATTRACTION INSIDE ZOO ME LAKA Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam commodo molestie lectus, vel dapibus leo fermentum non. Praesent turpis ex, lobortis at quam sit amet, pretium aliquam dolor. There are numerous bird species inside, some of which are free-flying at the zoo because the zoo keeper has previously chopped some of the bird wings to ensure the birds cannot fly higher and further away from the zoo like Macaw birds and more. Besides, are other birds that the zoo keeps in cages, such as parrots, India peafowl, and others. birds shows available time is Weekdays: 11 a.m. & 3.30 p.m. Weekends, school days, and public holidays: 11 a.m., 2 p.m., and 4 p.m. In Zoo Melaka, there is a home for many types of elephants. Visitors can feed the elephants' diets in this area by purchasing an animal feed pass, which costs about RM 5 per cup of bamboo slices, green beans, and other vegetables. The elephant feeding is accessible on weekends, school holidays, and public holidays at 11.30am and 2.30pm. BIRDS SHOW ELEPHANT FEEDING REPTILES Written by Nur Syaza Natasha Binti Zulkifli 2022981515

Learn more about our wildlife from the keepers, who are the experts. Hear unusual animal oddities from the caretakers during this interactive event. Feeding sessions are also available for certain animals. Its available on weekends, public holidays & school holidays : 12.00pm at Tiger Eye Dinosaur Encounter, Southeast Asia's largest interactive dinosaur park, is one of Zoo Melaka's newest attractions. There are 100 different species of life-sized dinosaur replicas on display. Dinosaur Encounter is nestled in Zoo Melaka's 5-acre woodland area, thus accessing this attraction feels like going back in time. These life-sized dinosaurs, such as the Velociraptor, Triceratops, and massive T-Rex, are extremely realistic. This display also makes use of sensors to reduce zoo costs. ATTRACTION INSIDE ZOO ME LAKA Written by Nur Syaza Natasha Binti Zulkifli 2022981515 KEEPER TALK OF TIGER EYE DINASOUR ENCOUNTER The zoo also has its own tiny fun fair for visitors to enjoy. The traveller can participate in several forms of games. This tiny fun fair is especially suitable for youngsters because it includes a game for them to enjoy. MINI FUN FAIR

This animal sanctuary area is around 15 kilometres from the city of Malacca. The diverse range of reptiles in this natural habitat mostly draws travellers. Starting with diverse butterfly species, you will have the opportunity to witness over 20 snake species, lizards, crocodiles, and many other reptiles. This reptile refuge also houses hedgehogs. The sanctuary is separated into five sections: the Koi River Valley, the butterfly garden, the reptile aviary, the wild photo lane, and the nature's art centre. MELAKA BUTTERFLY & REPTILE SANCTUARY. PLACE OF INTEREST This is the first bird park to open in Malacca and thus the only park to hold Malaysia's largest aviary. This is more of a conservation habitat, and the officials of this bird sanctuary are primarily concerned with safeguarding the species. This habitat is home to around 700 distinct bird species, including both areal and aquatic birds. Along with the inbred birds, there are many migratory birds. A beautiful view of the Malaccan jungle surrounds this bird sanctuary. The serenity of the place is something you shouldn't forget about. MELAKA BIRD PARK. MINI MALAYSIA AND ASEAN CULTURAL PARK This cultural park can be described as a tiny Malaysian city, which is why it attracts a large number of tourists each year. The main feature of this location is a collection of pre-Malaysian dwellings. These thirteen houses represent Malaysia's 13 states' cultures. In fact, you can see the wax dummies clothed in the traditional clothes inside each house. MALACCA PLANETARIUM ADVENTURE SCIENCE CENTRE This scientific educational complex has Malaysia's largest dome and is positioned immediately next to the Malacca Trade complex. The major purpose of this architectural structure is to disseminate information about the mysteries and hidden truths of the Milky Way Galaxy and all of space. The models of the Malaysian satellite and the Hubble space telescope are the nicest portions of the planetarium, giving tourists and children an insight into the astronomy department. AYER KEROH Written by Nur Syaza Natasha Binti Zulkifli 2022981515

Development Stage of ZooMelaka oo Melaka was founded in 1963 by the Government Wildlife and National Parks Department of Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN) under the supervision of the Melaka State Government. Zoo Melaka was privatized in early 2013, and is now known as Melaka Zoo and Night Safari. Dr Mahathir Mohammad, Malaysia's previous prime minister, officially opened it to the public on August 13, 1987. Since then, the zoo has been a member of the South-East Asia Zoological Park Association (SEAZA) as well as the Malaysia Association Parks and Aquaria (MAZPA). Zoo Melaka and Night Safari have recently evolved and converted into Zoo Melaka and Bird Park, which holds 70 birds as one of the destinations' newest attractions. Zoo Melaka, located in Ayer Keroh, Melaka, is the second largest zoo in Malaysia after the National Zoo of Malaysia, with 54 acres of land and more than 1,200 animals, including 200 different species are there. The Malayan gaur, serow, and Malayan tiger are among the many birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians that may be found at the Malacca Zoo. Written by Nur Syaza Natasha Binti Zulkifli 2022981515

Today, Zoo Melaka contributes greatly to the country's animal conservation efforts while also providing leisure opportunities to people of all ages. It was the area's first zoo to assist captive wildlife breeding efforts, particularly for regionally threatened endemic species. Under the new Majlis Perbandaran Hang Tuah Jaya, Zoo Melaka serves as a rescue centre and wildlife sanctuary. The critically endangered Sumantran rhinoceros first appeared in Malaysia at Malacca Zoo. Other domestic and foreign animals on display at the zoo included the white rhinoceros, Aisan elephants, red panda, Malaysian gaur, serow, squirrel, monkey molurus python, grey wolf, Mongolian wild house, green tree phyton, giraffe, blue-and-yellow macaw, Indochinese tiger, and Malayan tiger. Zoo Melaka, in keeping with current trends, has established a "Open Concept" zoo setting and maintains a healthy, vibrant background of greenery by planting unusual and uncommon plants and naming them. This may assist to pool the zoo on really hot days by symbolically replicating the rainforest. Zoo Melaka is located on the outskirts of Melaka in Aver Keroh, surrounded by lush green forest. The area is surrounded by primary forest, which is characterized by mature and other tree growth and gives it its special character. The local natural nature shapes the region's iconic skyline. It has been around for a very long time, so the surroundings are incredibly mature and green. The ever-popular Night Safari provides guests with a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see the behaviour of nocturnal animals in their native habitats. WRITTEN BY NUR SYAZA NATASHA BINTI ZULKIFLI 2022981515

DESIGN STANDARD The road surface inside the zoo is flat and slightly hilly in some areas. The main road is paved and the road around the animal enclosure is dirt because it meets the nature of the animals themselves. It is OKU friendly where all roads are accessible to wheelchairs and strollers. For the design of animal area is depends on the type of animal itself. It is because some animals need a fenced, wide area, where there is a source of water, where there are trees to fulfill their needs such as monkey. The area around the zoo is filled with nature such as trees where it is less hot in some areas. For facilities such as lights and guarded entry areas, sensor led lights will automatically turn on when there are visitors passing through the road. While, for uncensored entry areas, uncensored sounds will be heard when visitors begin to enter the area such as Dinosaur area. This is to ensure the environment is protected from noise pollution and excessive energy consumption. OKU PARKING ANIMAL'S AREA PPAVED ROAD TO VISIT BIRD PARK Written by Nur Izzati Binti Razali (2022779753)

FACILITIES Zoo Melaka prov ided all fac ilities to the all v i s itor s , from normal to OKU friendl y fac ilities suitable with the need of v i s itor s during their v i s it. It enhance and eas ies t v i s itor experience. Thi s fac ilities help the v i s itor to meet their needs and want s without need to go out s ide or neares t s tall. For children, Zoo Melaka prov ided a mini playground to play with and an elec tri c vehi c le to round the zoo. Meanwhile, for parent s , Zoo Melaka renting the baby s troller s to eas ies t their v i s it while bringging babies . Fac ilities i s an important element in Zoo as it ser ve ac ces s ible route, meet v i s itor' s demand and eas ier v i s itor s journey through out their v i s it. Based on our v i s it, Zoo Melaka manage their fac ilities well, where all the fac ilities can be used and in good condition. The fac ilities al so will be monitored regularl y to avoid any damages to the user. Playground for childr en Animal Smart Info & ATM Souv eni e r shop Written by Nur Izzati Binti Razali (2022779753)

Other facilities are offered in Zoo Melaka, such as trams, beams, paved roads, roads for walkers, grab pick-up and drop points, resting huts, souvenir shops, restaurants, toilets, cafés, and more. These facilities are easily accessible and can be used by visitors. For example, those who use public transport can easily book a grab and access Zoo Melaka by dropping them off at the drop-off point. Instead, beam service is suitable in Zoo Melaka, as its road is in good condition and suitable for access by beam. It can save time rather than working all around the zoo, and it increases the visitor experience. A tram service offers visitors a tour of the zoo, especially in hot weather, that costs only RM6 per head. A vending machine and resting hut were also provided to help the visitor take a rest after long hours of walking. Toilets and prayer rooms are provided and easily accessible to the visitor. VARIATIES OF FACILITIES WALK PATH SOUVENIR SHOP GRAB DROP & PICK -UP POINT VENDING MACHINE RUBBISH RESTING HUT BEAM SERVICE TRAM STATION WRITTEN BY NUR IZZATI BINTI RAZALI (2022779753)

BUILDING & INFRASTRUCTURE For example, areas for birds are the biggest, as they need space to fly. Meanwhile, animals like giraffes, elephants, buffalo, etc. need a fenced, open area. Meanwhile, for tigers, lions, and similar animals, their space has a gap between the visitor area and has safety elements such as wire that prevent them from jumping up. . TREE BAGTANG COVER UP BY ROP FOR ANIMALS TO CLAWS Each area in Zoo Melaka represents its own building element to suit the needs of guests and the nature of animals. Each design in an animal's area needs to be based on the needs and nature of the animal itself. Failure to do so will affect the animal and the guest. As explained by the science officer, Mr. Rafiq, the concept in the zoo is that visitors and workers and animals should be separated. If animals are in the cage, people should be outside, and vice versa. As a building or animal area depends on its nature and the animal's biology system, . REPTI L E C AVE FENCED TO KEEP ANIMALS FROM ACCESSING THE VISITOR AREA Written by Nur Izzati Binti Razali (2022779753)

Rules and regulations, or dos and don'ts, are important to ensure visitors who visit the Zoo Melaka do not harm the animals. It is to prevent the animal from getting stressed, sick, and facing risk. To ensure animals feel safe in a crowd of people, there are certain things visitors are not allowed to do, especially trying to enter an animal area. However, rules are not only for visitors; they are also for management and staff, who need to follow the guidelines provided. Instead, diet for animals, feeding time, and more Each guideline that Zoo Melaka determines will be posted on information boards and signboards throughout the area to keep visitors informed. There are numerous unpleasant consequences if visitors do not obey the rules. It might harm both the animals and the people. By following norms and regulations, visitors' trips run smoothly and as planned while they explore new places. T O U R I S M P O L I C Y Written by Nur Izzati Binti Razali (2022779753) Rules and regulations are necessary to ensure Zoo Melaka's well-being and conditions. in terms of the fees charged, for example, it is essential to maintain the entire life and activities at Zoo Melaka.

Zoo Melaka prohibited visitors from feeding the animals, as each animal has its own diet. Visitors are not allowed to knock on the glass where there is a space for snakes to prevent them from feeling attacked. Outside food is not allowed in order to save the environment at Zoo Melaka. Visitors are not allowed to disturb the animals, especially where they are sleeping or eating. Majlis Pembandaran Hang Tuah Jaya has taken notice and fixed the parking fee. Zoo Melaka prohibited parents from bringing the electric scooter so as to prevent them from using the wrong road and avoid unexpected incidents. BY: NUR IZZATI BINTI RAZALI (2022779753) RULES AND REGULATIONS

POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS WRITTEN BY NUR UMAIRAH BINTI HASHIM Destination tourism has immense revenue potential for a place pursuing to expand its travel sector. A few of the ways tourism may generate revenue for a location are taxes, purchases, job opportunities, and the exchange of currencies. Zoo Melaka & Night Safari was originally managed by the government's Wildlife and National Parks Department, however it was privatised in early 2013. Although it appears like it didn't work, the goal was to raise the zoo's standards. Majlis Perbandaran Hang Tuah Jaya is in charge of managing it at the moment. We thought that with more improvements, the zoo might match or perhaps surpass Singapore's day-andnight zoo. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Zoo Melaka and Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN) is currently being drafted in order to allow the adoption of new animals by Zoo Melaka. Contribution to government revenue

The Zoo Melaka is getting an overhaul thanks to a collaboration between the Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council (MPHTJ) and two private businesses, WeGrow Global Sdn Bhd and Wildlife Concepts Consultancy Sdn Bhd. According to Datuk Seri Abdul Ghafar Atan, head of the State Housing, Local Government, and Environment Committee, the 10-year partnership included operating a "Dinosaur Encounter" park and animal show on par with other facilities across the world. A total of RM12 million has been committed to update and transform the Mini Safari area to the 'Dinosaur Encounter,' which is slated to be finished next month, while RM5 million has been earmarked to improve the animal show getting started in December. Collaboration with private sector Zoo Melaka is able to generate income both directly and indirectly through its tourism operations. Direct earnings were received from tourism levies, such as the zoo's business tax, which was around RM9.50 per pax. While for indirect earnings, the tax was acquired from tourists who paid roughly RM4.56 as an entertainment tax and service tax when they visited the zoo. Increase tax revenues At the moment, there are more job prospects since the zoo offers employment chances to the locals and other things that will improve their quality of life, and because the tourism industry is growing and needs workers to operate it. The management encouraged volunteers, local businesses in the neighbourhood advertised openings in the recreation area, and as a result, many people both directly and indirectly benefited from the visitors. Locals' sources of income will grow along with work consumers, and their quality of life will go up as well. Creating job opportunities to the locals

NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS WRITTEN BY NUR UMAIRAH BINTI HASHIM The Melaka Zoo requires roughly RM600,000 each month to cover animal care and operations costs. Datuk Shadan Othman, head of the Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council (MPHTJ), claimed that RM250,000 is required to purchase food for the zoo's 550 animals representing 250 species.In order to feed the animals, the Zoo need at least 250 kilogrammes of chicken and beef every month in addition to fruits and vegetables. After the Zoo was closed for nearly six months the previous year, revenue was reduced, but MPHTJ still needs to meet operational costs or rely on donations from nongovernmental organisations, for-profit businesses, the government, and private citizens, particularly to purchase animal feed so that the species may live. Extremely high operation consumption Zoo management is never simple, but during economic downturns the challenges increase. Since their collection is living, zoos are not able to afford this luxury. The tiger exhibit can't be closed without something being done with the tigers, and selling the tigers won't help the zoo earn money. Even if a zoo makes the painful choice to unload some of its animals, it might take months or even years to relocate animals with other zoos. If the public does not want to visit the smaller collection or a zoo loses major attractions, admission income, which is around RM45 per pax, may decrease. Costly admission

ECONOMIC POSSIBLE COUNTERMEASURE W R I T T E N B Y N U R U M A I R A H B I N T I H A S H I M Although Zoo Melaka acts as preservation of species, the display of animals, teaching, and research remain central to zoos and aquariums' missions, the relative importance of these objectives and the methods used to achieve them have evolved. Particularly, these management have invested heavily in costly programs to protect endangered species. Despite the Covid-era tax rate decreases that resulted in less donations, these zoo have not fully utilized this alternative. Almost majority of the few subsidies received by zoos and aquariums originate from local governments; federal funding (under the Endangered Species Act) have been provided to acquire vital habitat in the wild. So, the use of additional business ventures like restaurants and souvenir stores should be increased at zoo, parking area and recreation area behind the zoo.

MR D.I.Y Group [M] Berhad [MR.DIY], Malaysia's leading home improvement shop, has provided the 59-year-old Zoo Melaka with a much-needed facelift. MR.DIY's renovations include the refurbishing of the ape and terrapin compounds, the placement of informational signs, and the upgrading of some of the general amenities. Four new bench sets were also provided by the shop for the use by the public. A MR.DIY spokeswoman remarked about the programme and stated, "We are a Malaysian company with a nationwide presence, and we believe in creating a profound respect for our nation's rich variety, which is why we established our #DIY4Zoo campaign in 2022. It plays a significant role in our attempts to create a sustainable company that improves people's lives". Develop CSR throughout communities . POSITIVE SOCIAL IMPACTS WRITTEN BY NUR UMAIRAH BINTI HASHIM

Then, Sunway Theme Parks and Zoo Melaka began off their MoU signing on animal negotiation with the exchange of two animals between the organizations. One female giraffe from Zoo Melaka will be transferred to Sunway Theme Parks' facility, Sunway Lost World Of Tambun, under the breeding loan agreement to symbolise the start of this strategic partnership. It is hoped that the giraffe will breed more giraffes and increase the number of giraffes in the world. Sunway Theme Parks will lend the White Tiger to Zoo Melaka in exchange through their company, Sunway Lagoon. Recently, a group of students finished their Public Social Responsibility (PSR) course by painting the tunnel at Zoo Melaka for about three weeks. The initiative, which is spearheaded by Student Affairs Division (STAD), is a continuation of ongoing efforts to work with Majlis Perbandaran Hang Tuah Jaya (MPHTJ), Melaka. The crossroads between Taman Buaya and Zoo Melaka have been made more attractive by the students, and it is believed that this would draw more people to the region. YBhg Tuan Shadan Othman, Yang Dipertua of MPHTJ, joined the students and staff in painting the decoration to show his support for the project. APE Malay s ia deli ver s soc ial ser v i ces . They collaborate with keepers at Zoo Melaka to help the enrichment efforts of the animals. The term 'enrichment' is used in the zoological community to define the ways and ideas used to promote the wellbeing of creatures in our care, whether they are furry, hairy, feathered, or scaly! Enrichment is as vital as proper husbandry and veterinary practises in reputable zoos.

A Catal y s t for Innovation and Entrepreneur ship Actually, 80% of the travel and tourism industry is made up of small and mediumsized businesses (SMEs). Small and mediumsized businesses (SMEs) have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and need government assistance to survive. The Ministry recorded 212 homestay clusters with 4,070 residences and more than 5,712 rooms throughout Malaysia in 2018. From 91,533 in 2008 to 372,475 in 2018, there were more visitors staying at homestays overall. The total revenue from the homestay program also climbed significantly, more than tripling, from RM 6.4 ($1.6 million) in 2008 to RM 27.6 ($6.8 million) in 2018. Touri sm' s impac t on local culture Travelling is a great opportunity to discover other cultures and get a deeper knowledge of them. Melaka is a pleasant tourist destination with a rich heritage of traditions and customs. Crowding of inhabitants and visitors may provide a lively atmosphere, but it also produces inconvenience and can occasionally force people to withdraw. In addition to increasing tourism, excessive traffic can make it difficult for locals to go about their everyday lives. Both travellers and hosts may experience culture shock.

Over- s tandardi sation in animal welfare Most of us find it unsettling to observe an animal in a concrete box that is bleak and caged. Some zoos have recently replaced their bars with glass, electric fences, and moats that have been skillfully blended into the landscaping. The tourist experience seems to be prioritised more often than the space for animals in zoos, which is nonetheless constrained and bears little similarity to their natural habitats in the wild. Animals may spend almost all of each 24-hour period locked indoors, even in so-called safari parks. It is commonly known that several animals have welfare issues in zoos, such as elephants with lameness and behavioural issues, polar bears with stereotypical behaviours and high infant mortality, and great apes with anomalous conduct. But every wild animal kept in zoos has a life of compromise since, due to mental and physical evolution, their lives outside of confinement are quite different from those there. Animals have evolved to live in distinct settings and display unique characteristics. They could not even notice the sky above them in zoos. Birds might not have the chance to fly. Mammals may not have the ability to run or climb. Their innate impulses and wants are still there despite being born in captivity. Capti v it y effec t Walking about all the time. circling indefinitely. they are tongue-twisting. The bars were biting and sucking. twisting the neck, swinging, shaking the head up and down, rocking, and clutching their legs (frequent in large cats, elephants, bears, and giraffes) Animals kept in these facilities are completely controlled and live in settings significantly different from those seen in the wild. Instincts that wild animals have are suppressed in captivity. Animals are perpetually frustrated because they lack choice and are unable to behave as they would in their natural habitat. As a result, there is a proclivity for genetic, physical, and behavioral deterioration. Captivity has the following effects: Stereotypical behavior: These disorders result from forced confinement and manifest as compulsive and repetitive activities, such as: NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS WRITTEN BY NUR UMAIRAH BINTI HASHIM

SOCIAL POSSIBLE COUNTERMEASURE W R I T T E N B Y N U R U M A I R A H B I N T I H A S H I M Animals must be relocated to more appropriate surroundings tailored to meet their needs, with emphasis given to species who suffer the most in captivity (elephants, felines, and so on) in order to reduce the harmful consequences of confinement. Animals must be transferred to more appropriate surroundings intended to meet their needs, with emphasis given to species who suffer the most in captivity (elephants, felines, etc.) in order to reduce the harmful consequences of captivity. The use of animals in circus acts when they are pushed to display abnormal behaviors must be prohibited. Zoos shouldn't encourage the keeping of wild animals in captivity. It's important to find the greatest new facilities for the animals to be moved to when a zoo closes. Animals in captivity shouldn't reproduce since the majority of captive breeding program are not practical or beneficial in the preservation of species. The preservation and protection of natural environments and species should be the focus of all efforts and resources. Animal welfare is a top concern that must take precedence over all other considerations.

POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WRITTEN BY NUR UMAIRAH BINTI HASHIM Zoos Save Spec ies from extinc tion Many of the animals at zoos are unusual or endangered. Zoos are preserving these species from going extinct by keeping them in captivity. Nevertheless, even if captive breeding program aren't the ideal way to preserve endangered species, many would perish without them. Such as Malayan tiger, zebra, elephants, deer, sun bear, giraffes, and rhinoceros.

Resear ch Opportunities in Wildlife Zoos are exceptional because they offer a secure setting for scientists to view animals kept in captivity. They can research things like their behaviour, reproduction, and well-being. In this manner, we can discover how to return animals into the wild and restore the ecosystem's equilibrium. Zoos have the opportunity to improve the conditions for wildlife populations through studying animals. The research enables zoos to comprehend how they may better their living conditions, even if caged animals never venture out into the wild. For instance, when animal illnesses and infections spread, research can aid scientists in developing new medicines. Promote Conser vation Awarenes s Zoos teach the public about preservation and the value of preserving natural populations of animals. They collaborate with regional groups that support the preservation of wildlife, hold educational programs, and bring in specialists to talk about conservation initiatives. In Zoo Melaka, the ecology is protected and the animals are kept in safety. It also encourages tourists and locals to be interested in and concerned about animal conservation. The team also cleans the animal cages in order to make the environments safe and clean for the animals. For the safety of both humans and animals, there are also signboards that caution against throwing or disturbing pets. Aiming for a better env ironment The setting of Zoo Melaka is incredibly serene and lovely, which is suited for guests, thus the environment quality is high. The lake surrounding the zoo is also a popular tourist attraction. Encourage the breeding program Some of the rarest species struggle to reproduce in the wild and may also face threats from poachers, habitat destruction, and predators in addition to having a hard time finding mates. These animals can survive and reproduce safely in a reputable zoo. Breeding initiatives offer a safeguard: zoo-bred animals can be reintroduced into the wild to promote genetic variety.

NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WRITTEN BY NUR UMAIRAH BINTI HASHIM Inc rease in Carbon Footprint from Wildlife Fac ilities Zoos are heavy pollutants. Zoos require more energy, which contributes to climate change and leaves a carbon imprint. They are not sustainable institutions since they utilize a lot of resources, such food and water. Additionally, zoos feed their animals daily amounts of food totaling hundreds of pounds. These facilities also use more power for lighting, fans, heating and cooling systems, and other purposes. As a result, there is no way for them to operate properly without ruining the ecosystem or endangering other species. Ecos y s tems and biodi ver s it y are being di s rupted Zoos alter natural ecosystems and the food chain by removing native species and substituting them with exotic ones. Many individuals may believe that this is helpful since it increases biodiversity in their community. However, these species may not have evolved well enough to exist in that area for as long as they need to survive in captivity. This can lead to poor health and even death in captive animals who were previously prospering in their natural habitats before being taken into captivity.

ENVIRONMENTAL POSSIBLE COUNTERMEASURE N U R U M A I R A H B I N T I H A S H I M Zoos and aquariums may be accredited as green companies that practise sustainability. For instance, the flooring of their enclosures may be made of more environmentally friendly materials, like bamboo. For power, they can also employ sustainable energy sources like solar panels. Recycling waste products, like as food scraps, animal waste, and exhibit water, is another method they may run their business more sustainably. This significantly lowers the quantity of garbage these businesses generate, saving money on waste disposal expenses while preventing dangerous chemicals from entering landfills. These can include plastics that, if they are not properly disposed of at suitable recycling facilities, eventually leak into our groundwater or seas.

The privatization of Zoo Melaka, managed by Majlis Perbandaran Hang Tuah Jaya, has brought positive economic impacts through improved standards and revenue generation. Ongoing efforts, such as collaborations with wildlife authorities and plans to adopt new animals, aim to enhance the zoo's offerings and attractiveness. The collaboration between Hang Tuah Jaya Municipal Council, WeGrow Global Sdn Bhd, and Wildlife Concepts Consultancy Sdn Bh brings investments to transform the Mini Safari area into the 'Dinosaur Encounter' park and enhance the animal show, aiming to attract visitors and contribute to regional economic growth. Job creation in the growing tourism industry and zoo expansion have improved income sources and quality of life for locals. However, negative economic impacts arise from high operational costs, including animal care and food expenses, along with revenue reduction during closures, costly admission fees, and the challenge of selling animals or closing exhibits. The zoo's reliance on government support and donations highlights the need for careful financial management, alternative revenue streams, and maintaining attractive offerings to ensure its financial sustainability in challenging economic circumstances. The Zoo Melaka & Bird Park was created to promote animal education while serving as a pleasure area for people of all ages. It is close to the Ayer Keroh Exits Toll Plaza and is bordered by other tourist destinations. The creation of the Zoo Melaka has both positive and bad effects. the effects from an economic, social, and environmental perspective. ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS WRITTEN BY NURUL ANIS BINTI ANUAR The initiatives undertaken by MR.DIY Group to renovate Zoo Melaka have positive social impacts by improving public spaces, promoting environmental awareness, and enhancing the visitor experience. The upgrades, including improved facilities and informational signs, foster respect for Malaysia's wildlife. Additionally, the provision of bench sets encourages community engagement and enjoyment of the renovated space. However, the growth of tourism in Melaka, while facilitating cultural exchange, can disrupt the daily routines of locals due to increased traffic and visitor influx. Balancing the benefits of tourism with the needs of the community is important for maintaining a positive impact on local culture. The travel and tourism industry, particularly small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), serves as a catalyst for innovation and entrepreneurship. Supporting these businesses, especially during challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic, is crucial for their survival and contribution to the local economy. On the other hand, the negative social impacts of over-standardization in animal welfare and the captivity effect in zoos raise concerns about compromised living conditions, limited natural behaviors, and welfare issues for animals. Addressing these concerns and promoting alternatives that prioritize animal well-being and conservation are essential.

Zoos have positive environmental impacts by playing a vital role in saving species from extinction through captive breeding programs and protecting rare and endangered animals. They also promote conservation awareness among the public and collaborate with wildlife preservation groups. Zoos like Zoo Melaka contribute to environmental protection by maintaining a safe and clean environment for the animals and fostering an attractive setting for both visitors and the surrounding ecosystem. They can also aid breeding programs for struggling species and potentially reintroduce zoo-bred animals into their natural habitats. However, zoos also have negative environmental impacts, such as a higher carbon footprint due to resource consumption and energy usage. This unsustainable nature can contribute to climate change and disrupt ecosystems. The introduction of exotic species into natural habitats can disrupt the native food chain and harm biodiversity. It is important to address these concerns and find ways to minimize the environmental footprint while operating wildlife facilities. As a consequence, after looking at every impact related to Zoo Melaka, we can say that the analysis's findings indicate that positive impacts are worth more than negative ones. However, in order to attain a favourable end with regard to the mentioned issue discovered during the creation of Zoo Melaka, the local authorities and the government must have played their part. Younger generations can therefore continue to appreciate and experience what we now have.

In order to enhance and give better services and interaction for the visitors and tourists, Zoo Melaka has taken into consideration several deliberation efforts to upgrade their structures, facilities, utilities, and other aspects. More services have been included to the future plans to increase the Zoo Melaka's attractions. CONSTRUCTION & INFRASTRUCTURE In order to accommodate more visitors and tourists that visited the zoo, some of the zoo's territory has been expanded as part of future plans to boost carrying capacity. The enlargement is intended to reduce crowding at busy times, such as school breaks. A GROWTH IN THE NUMBER AND THE DIVERSITY OF OF ANIMALS From the viewpoint of a visitor, the typical cage or animal enclosure only has room for one animal, such as a tiger, Bengal cat, bob cat, ostrich, and numerous more species. Each animal at the zoo resides alone in a cage and is the only member of its kind. As more species and types of animals are added, the Zoo Melaka will see an increase in visitors. In the future, there will be more animals for enhanced attractiveness. IMPROVE THE CAGE Animals kept in zoos are housed in cages that have been adapted to facilitate their development and procreation. The area within the cage is being expanded so that the animals have more room to walk about the enclosure without being constrained. The cage area is now being expanded to accommodate additional animals in the future. FUTURE PLANNING WRITTEN BY NURUL ANIS BINTI ANUAR

The second-largest zoo in Malaysia, Zoo Melaka dan Taman Burung, is featured in this publication. This magazine's depiction of the Zoo Melaka covers a variety of topics, including design standards, tourist policy implementations, effect, and long-term planning. As a consequence, after looking at every impact related to Zoo Melaka, we can say that the analysis's findings indicate that positive impacts are worth more than negative ones. However, in order to attain a favourable end with regard to the mentioned issue discovered during the creation of Zoo Melaka, the local authorities and the government must have played their part. Younger generations can therefore continue to appreciate and take use of what we now have. From a planning and development standpoint, it is thought that there are several things that may be done for Zoo Melaka. In summary, if there is any suitable planning and development plan for Zoo Melaka to become one of the best places to visit, we can draw the conclusion that it can become a well-known zoo not only for domestic tourists but also it could become a world-class zoo with state-of-the-art facilities. CONCLUSION WRITTEN BY NURUL ANIS BINTI ANUAR 2023

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