E-Book Bahasa Inggris

PART 1

"Tenses"

HERE'S WHAT YOU CAN DO:

Penjelasan Tenses
Rumus Tenses
Kegunaan tenses
Contoh tenses

Disusun Oleh :
1.Angelina Hanna A.
2.Alamanda Cahya Aisyah R.
3.Chalvina Izumi Amalia
4.Irma Ayu Noviani

WHAT IS THE TENSES?

SIMPLY, TENSES MEANS A VERB FORM THAT REPRESENTS TIME. IT CHANGES ACCORDING
TO THE TIME AND NATURE OF THE EVENT. SO IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT WE KNOW
WHEN THE ACTION OR EVENT OCCURRED.

“SECARA SEDERHANA, TENSES BERARTI BENTUK KATA KERJA YANG MENUNJUKKAN
WAKTU. IA BERUBAH MENURUT WAKTU DAN SIFAT KEJADIAN SEHINGGA PENTING SEKALI

BAGI KITA MENGETAHUI KAPAN TINDAKAN ATAU KEJADIAN ITU TERJADI.”

Based on the time of its occurrence, tenses in English
are divided into:
“Berdasarkan waktu kejadiannya, tenses dalam
bahasa inggris dibagi atas :

1. PRESENT 2. PAST
TENSE TENSE

> events at the > past events
present time > kejadian pada waktu
lampau
> kejadian pada
waktu sekarang 4. PAST FUTURE
TENSE
3. FUTURE
TENSE > Events that will happen
in the past
> upcoming events >Kejadian yang akan
> kejadian yang akan terjadi pada masa lampau
datang

Based on the nature and usefulness
can be grouped over :

“Berdasarkan sifat dan kegunaannya dapat dikelompokkan atas :

Simple : Simple

Continuous :Happening

Perfect : Has Happened

Perfect Continuous : Has been happening

Terdapat 4 jenis Present Tense, yaitu:

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Verbal (Kata Kerja)

POSITIVE (+) Subyek + Verb 1 + s/es

Menggunakan “s/es” hanya saat Subyek Berjumlah
Tunggal (He,She,It, Nama Orang, etc)

Contoh :
a. Bob drives a car b. Bob drives a car
s + v1+ s s + v1

Subyek + Do / Does + Not + Verb 1 NEGATIVE (-)

> Menggunakan “Do” untuk Subyek (I,You,We, They) atau
Subyek bejumlah Jamak.
> Menggunakan “Does” untuk Subyek Berjumlah Tunggal
(He,She,It, Nama Orang, etc)

Contoh : b.They do not study math
s+ v1
a. Bob does not drive a car
s+ v1+s

INTERROGATIVE (?) Do / Does + Subyek + Verb 1 + ?
Contoh :

a. Does Bob drive a car?
s v1+s

a. Do They study math?
s v1

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Nominal (Kata Benda/Sifat)

POSITIVE (+)

Subyek + To Be (am, is, are) + Noun/Adjective

Menggunakan “am” hanya saat Subyek (I)
Menggunakan “are” untuk Subyek (You, We, They)
atau Subyek berjumlah jamak.
Menggunakan “is” untuk Subyek (She, He, It) atau
Subyek berjumlah tunggal.

Contoh :

a) I am clever b) They are diligent c) It is a book
s Adj s Adj s noun

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + To Be (am, is, are) + Not + Noun/Adjective
Contoh :

a) I am not clever b) They are not diligent c) It is not a book
s Adj s Adj s noun

INTERROGATIVE (?)

Contoh : To Be (am, is, are) + S + Noun/Adjective + ?

a) Am i clever? b) Are they diligent? c) Is it a book?
s Adj s Adj s noun

Adverb of Time/Keterangan
Waktu :

Always : selalu
Never : tidak pernah
Every week : setiap minggu
Generally : biasanya

Seldom : jarang
Usually : biasanya

Often : sering
Once a week : sekali seminggu

1 2

Pada umumnya, bentuk Penambahan akhiran “-es”
kata kerja yang berakhiran ditambahkan pada kata
konsonan “p atau k” akan kerja yang mempunyai
akhiran bunyi desis (ch, c,
ditambah “-s”.
Contoh : Helps. Speaks ss, sh, x, z) atau huruf “o”.
Contoh : Catches, Wishes,

Fixes, Goes.

3

Kata kerja yang berakhiran
huruf “y” yang didahului

dengan konsonan maka “y”
berubah menjadi “I”
ditambah “-es”.

Contoh : Cry -> Cries

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di waktu sekarang.

Verbal (Kata Kerja)

POSITIVE (+) Subyek + To be (am, is, are) + Verb ing

Menggunakan “am” hanya saat Subyek (I)
Menggunakan “are” untuk Subyek (You, We, They)
atau Subyek berjumlah jamak.
Menggunakan “is” untuk Subyek (She, He, It) atau
Subyek berjumlah tunggal.

Contoh : c) He is fishing a fish
a) I am singing s ving

s ving

b) You are swimming
s ving

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + To be (am, is, are) + Not + Verb ing
Contoh :

a) I am not singing c) He is not fishing a fish
s ving s ving

b) You are not swimming
s ving

INTERROGATIVE (?)

To be (am, is, are) + Subyek + Verb ing + ?
Contoh :

a) Am I singing? b) Are you swimming? c) Is he fishing a fish?
s ving s ving s ving

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di waktu sekarang.

1. Nominal (Kata Benda/Sifat)

POSITIVE (+)

Subyek + To be (am, is, are) + Being + Noun/Adjective

Contoh : b) They are being diligent
a) I am being clever s ving

s ving

c) It is being a collection
s ving

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + To be (am, is, are) + Not + Being + Noun/Adjective

Contoh :

a) I am not being clever c) It is not being a collection
s Adj s noun

b) They are not being diligent
s Adj

INTERROGATIVE (?)

To Be (am, is, are) + S + Noun/Adjective + ?
Contoh : a) Am I being clever?
s Adj c) Is it being a collection?
s noun

b) Are they being diligent?
s Adj

·Adverb of Time/ Contoh :
Keterangan Waktu
a) I have arrived from Surabaya.
Ø Now : sekarang s v3
Ø At this time : pada saat ini
Ø At this moment : pada waktu ini b) She has graduated from HS.
Ø Still : masih s v3
Ø Right now : sekarang

Present Perfect Negative (-) :
Tense Subyek + Have/Has + Verb 3

Digunakan untuk menyatakan Contoh :
peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada
a) I have not arrived from Surabaya.
masa lampau yang masih ada s v3
hubunngannya dengan sekarang,
namun waktu kejadiannya tidak b) She has not graduated from HS.
s v3
diketahui jelas.
Interrogative (?) :
1.Verbal (Kata
Kerja) Have/Has + Subyek + Verb 3 + ?

Positive (+) : Contoh :
Subyek + Have/Has + Verb 3
a) Have i arrived from Surabaya?
Menggunakan “Have” untuk Subyek s v3
(I.You, We, They) atau Subyek
berjumlah jamak. b) Has She graduated from HS?
Menggunakan “Has” untuk Subyek s v3
(He, She, It) atau Subyek berjumlah
tunggal.

2. Nominal (Kata Benda/Sifat)

POSITIVE (+)

Subyek + Have/Has + Been + Noun/Adjective

Contoh : b) It has been a collection
a) They have been diligent s noun

s adj

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + Have/Has + Not + Been + Noun/Adjective
Contoh :

a) They have not been diligent
s Adj

b) They are not being diligent
s Adj

INTERROGATIVE (?)

Have/Has + Subyek + Not + Been + Noun/Adjective Adjective + ?

Contoh :

a) Have they been diligent? b) Has it been a collection?
s Adj s Adj

> Adverb Of Time/Keterangan Waktu :

Ø Once Ø Recently
Ø Twice Ø So far
Ø This Month Ø Since
Ø Already Ø Ever
Ø Just

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah dimulai pada waktu lalu dan masih
berlangsung hingga sekarang.

1.Verbal (Kata Kerja)

POSITIVE (+) Subyek + Have/Has + Been + Verb ing

Menggunakan “Have” untuk Subyek (I.You, We, They)
atau Subyek berjumlah jamak.
Menggunakan “Has” untuk Subyek (He, She, It) atau
Subyek berjumlah tunggal.

Contoh :

a) I have been living in her house since last year.
s ving

b) She has been studying at BRI Institute for 4 years.
s ving

Subyek + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb ing NEGATIVE (-)

Contoh :

a) I have not been living in her house since last year.
s ving

b) She has not been studying at BRI Institute for 4 years.
s ving

INTERROGATIVE (?) Have/Has + Subyek + Been + Verb ing + ?

Contoh :

a) Have I been living in her house since last year?
s ving

b) Has she been studying at BRI Institute for 4 years?
s ving

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah dimulai pada waktu lalu dan masih
berlangsung hingga sekarang.

2. Nominal (Kata Benda/Sifat)

POSITIVE (+)

Subyek + Have/Has + Been + Being + Noun/Adjective
Contoh :

a) They have been being diligent since last night.
s ving

b) It has been being a collection for long time.
s noun

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + Have/Has + Not + Been + Being + Noun/Adjective

Contoh :

a)They have not been being diligent since last night.
s adj

b) It has been being a collection for long time.
s noun

INTERROGATIVE (?)

Have/Has + Subyek + Not + Been + Being + Noun/Adjective Adjective + ?

Ciri tenses ini menggunakan kata “For” atau “Since”

Contoh :

a) Have they not been being diligent since last night?
s adj

b) Has it been being a collection for long time?
s noun

Pengertian tenses ini adalah bentuk kalimat untuk menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu.
Terdapat 4 bentuk Past Tense, yaitu:

Simple Past Tense
1.Verbal (Kata Kerja)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu. Dan diketahui pula
waktu terjadinya.

POSITIF (+) Subyek + Verb 2

Contoh :

a) I met him last night. b) She got a prize yesterday.
s+ v2 s+ v2

Subyek + Did + Not + Verb 1 NEGATIVE (-)

Contoh :

a) I did not meet him last night.
s v1

b) She did not get a prize yesterday.
s v1

INTERROGATIVE (?) Did + Subyek + Verb 1 + ?

Contoh :

a) Did I meet him last night?
s v1

b) Did she get a prize yesterday?
s v1

Pengertian tenses ini adalah bentuk kalimat untuk menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu.
Terdapat 4 bentuk Past Tense, yaitu:

Simple Past Tense
2. Nominal (Kata Benda/Sifat)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu. Dan diketahui pula
waktu terjadinya.

POSITIF (+)

Subyek + To Be (was/were) + Noun/Adjective
Menggunakan “was” untuk subyek (I, he, she, it) atau subyek
berjumlah tunggal.
Menggunakan “were” untuk subyek (you,we,they) atau
subyek berjumlah jamak.

Contoh : b) It was a collection.
s noun
a) They were diligent.
s adj

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + To Be (was/were) + Not + Noun/Adjective

Contoh :

a)They were not diligent.
s adj

b) It was not a collection.
s noun

Pengertian tenses ini adalah bentuk kalimat untuk menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu.
Terdapat 4 bentuk Past Tense, yaitu:

Simple Past Tense
1.Verbal (Kata Kerja)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu. Dan diketahui pula
waktu terjadinya.

INTERROGATIVE (?)

To Be (was/were) + Subyek + Noun/Adjective + ?

Contoh :

a) Were they diligent? b) Was it a collection.
s adj s noun

Adverb of Time/Keterangan Waktu

Ø Yesterday
Ø Last year
Ø Last month
Ø Last week
Ø Just now
Ø This morning
Ø Two days ago

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lampaupada
peristiwa lain terjadi atau perbuatan lain dilakukan.

1.Verbal (Kata Kerja)

POSITIF (+) Subyek + To be (was,were) + Verb ing

Contoh :

a) I was studying math at o’clock yesterday
s ving

b) They were swimming all afternoon yesterday.
s ving

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + To be (was,were) + Not + Verb ing

Contoh :

a) I was not studying math at o’clock yesterday.
s ving

b) They were not swimming all afternoon yesterday.
s ving

INTERROGATIVE (?)

To be (was,were) + Subyek + Verb ing + ?

Contoh :

a) Was i studying math at o’clock yesterday?
s ving

b) Were they swimming all afternoon yesterday?
s ving

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lampaupada
peristiwa lain terjadi atau perbuatan lain dilakukan.

2. Nominal (Kata Benda/Sifat)

POSITIF (+)

Subyek + To Be (was/were) + Being + Noun/Adjective

Contoh :

a) They were being diligent.
s adj

b) It was being a collection.
s noun

NEGATIVE (-)

Subyek + To Be (was/were) + Not + Being+ Noun/Adjective

Contoh :

a) They were not being diligent.
s adj

b) It was not being a collection.
s noun

INTERROGATIVE (?)

To Be (was/were) + Subyek + Being + Noun/Adjective + ?

Contoh :

a) Were they being diligent.?
s adj

b) Was it being a collection?
s noun

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lampaupada
peristiwa lain terjadi atau perbuatan lain dilakukan.

Adverb of Time/Keterangan Waktu

Ø When Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense
Ø While Past Continuous Tense, Simple Past Continuous.
Ø At...o’clock yesterday
Ø All morning yesterday

Penggunaan lain

Penggunaan lain (menyatakan perbuatan yang
sudah dimulai dan masih berlangsung ketika
perbuatan yang lain menyusul di waktu lampau.
Contoh :

a) They were discussing something when I passed their office.
Past Continuous Simple Past

b) While i was doing my homework yesterday, my friend called me.
Past Continuous Simple Past

Simple Ways To Reduce Your
Carbon Footprint At Home

Let's help make the world
a better place by
changing our lifestyle
habits to reduce carbon
emissions.

01 Ensure that your appliances are in Manage your waste!
good working condition. This practice
02 maximizes efficiency and uses less Reuse any items that can be
03 energy. repurposed in other ways.
04 Turn off and unplug all appliances when Reduce the items you use.
not in use. What can you do away with?
Recycle items properly.
Make sure all faucets are not leaking, Repair items when possible
and don't leave them running when not instead of buying new ones.
in use. Every drop counts! Resell items you don't need
but are still in good condition.
Lessen the use of single-use plastics.