BQS554 BUILDING SERVICES II

JULY 22

LATEST TECHNOLOGY FOR
MULTI-STOREY SMART
BUILDING

BUILDING SERVICES II (BQS554)


PREPARED BY : (2021614988)
1. ALYA BINTI MOHD FADZIL (2021601582)
2. NURUL AZREEN BINTI NORDIN (2021601456)
3. NUR FATIN NABIHAH BINTI MOHD SALIM (2021868032)
4. SITI NUR FADHILAH BINTI ZAINUDIN (2021492298)
5. SYASYA SYAZWINA BINTI MOHD HISHAM

PREPARED FOR
MADAM NAQIYATUL AMIRAH BINTI MOHD SAID

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.0 FIRE FIGHTING 2
Explanation of the Application 3
Installation Process 4
Benefits & Problems 5
Space Implication & Building Regulation 6
Case Study 7

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION 9
Explanation of the Application 10
Installation Process 11
Benefits 12
Problems 13
Connection & Position 14
Principle & Regulations 15
Case Study 16

4.0 MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM 18
Explanation of the Application 19
Installation Process 20
Benefits & Problems 21
Space Implication & Building Regulation 22
Case Study 23

5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION 26
Explanation of the Application 27
Installation Process 28
Benefits & Problems 29
Space Implication & Building Regulation 30
Case Study 31

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM 33
Explanation of the Application 34
Installation Process 35
Benefits 36
Problems 38
Space Implication & Building Regulation 39
Case Study 40

7.0 CONCLUSION 42

8.0 REFERENCES 43

GROUP MEMBERS

ALYA BINTI MOHD FADZIL
2021614988

NURUL AZREEN BINTI NORDIN
2021601582

NUR FATIN NABIHAH BINTI MOHD SALIM
2021601456

SITI NUR FADHILAH BINTI ZAINUDIN
2021868032

SYASYA SYAZWINA BINTI MOHD HISHAM
2021492298

BUILDING SERVOCES II

INTRODUCTION

A SMART BUILDING IS ONE THAT UTILISES TRYING TO CUT AND
INTERCONNECTED BUILDING TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS AND
FEATURES ITS INSTALLATION AND UTILISATION. BUILDING FIRE
FIGHTING, SPECIAL SERVICES INSTALLATION, MECHANICAL
HANDLING, TELECOMMUNICATION AND HVAC SYSTEM ARE ALL
EXAMPLES OF THESE TYPES OF SYSTEMS. THE PUEPOSE OF A
SMART BUILDING IS TO ACHIEVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY, QUALITY
LIFESTYLE AND AN ENHANCED HOME SECURITY LEVEL. THE
INFORMATION OF OUR PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR THIS MULTI-
STOREY SMART BUILDING WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THE NEXT PAGES.

1

FIRE
FIGHTING

2.0 FIRE FIGHTING

Explanation of the Application - Function

Application Systems

The safety plan for a facility must include the A water sprinkler system is an innovative device
fire protection system. The lives of individuals that not only contains a small amount of a fire
who are within the structure are put in grave but also actively puts out the flames by using
danger in an emergency without a fire water to do so before a person gets involved, or
prevention system. They require a fire else controls the fire until the fire brigade comes.
prevention system whether it is a business It is made up of a sprinkler head system and
building, a hospital, or an educational center. valve station that are securely fastened to the
The many kinds of fire protection systems distribution pipes in the protected area as well
include sprinkler systems, smoke detectors, as a distribution piping system that is
and fire suppression systems. These permanently linked to building structures. A
technologies aid in the detection of fires and water source is linked to a network of pipes and
safeguard building people and property. sprinkler heads. In the event of a fire, water
sprays the area where the fire is present from the
What is the function of a fire protection sprinkler heads. At higher temperatures, water
system? evaporates quickly, displaces oxygen, and thus
creates an inert atmosphere that prevents the
Although various systems operate, they all access of an oxidant, i.e. the atmospheric
seek to identify fires and safeguard buildings, oxygen required for combustion. Water puts out
people within, and possessions. Sprinklers a fire, cools down building structures and the
and smoke detectors are typical fire safety surrounding area, and extinguishes the affected
devices. area. Commercial sprinkler systems come in four
Smoke triggers the sprinkler system's basic categories, each designed to the
activation if a fire starts, setting off the requirements of different buildings to improve
detector. Fire is prevented from spreading by reaction time and guarantee the safety of
the water. Even if this approach works, persons and property.
automated fire suppression systems that use
clean chemicals are preferable when dealing Wet Pipe System
with particular sensitive equipment or unique Dry Pipe System
threats. These systems protect equipment and Pre-Action System
building occupants by detecting and Deluge System
suppressing fire without leaving any trace.

3

2.0 FIRE FIGHTING
Installation Process

How to install a sprinkler system ?

Installation of fire sprinkler system
1.Installation of the fire sprinkler system must follow approved detailed designs and NATIONAL
FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION 13 guidelines.
2.Pipe hangers must be spaced according to the authorised drawing's specifications.
3.Teflon tape or a suitable pipe sealing material will be used to create threaded piping, and
only on the male treads. Pipe ends will be renamed before being assembled into fittings.
4.Pipe that is 2" and less is often threaded, whereas pipe that is 2 and half" and more is typically
grooved. You may roll a groove or cut a groove.
5.Welded fittings will be used for all subsurface installations. Polyvinyl chloride tape will be
used to wrap any pipe accessing the ground.
6.Pipe hangers and firm support brackets must be used to provide rigid support for all piping.
To sustain the "dead weight" of the pipe system, pipe hangers are used. The spacing will
follow the timetable that is provided.
7.Sprinkler Head Location must be placed in accordance with coordinated RCP layout and
authorised system designs.

Installation of Sprinkler Head
1.Installation of all sprinkler heads must follow the most current NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION
ASSOCIATION 13 specification.
2.To provide the minimum needed flow rate at the sprinkler head, the system piping must be
suitably designed in accordance with the authorised designs and calculations.
3.To prevent mechanical damage, install the sprinkler heads after the pipe is set up.
4.The sprinkler fitting's face should be positioned around 3/8" to 1" behind the final ceiling line,
with the push-on escutcheon plate providing adjustability for fitting variations.
5.Use the appropriate size of wrench to manually tighten the sprinkler into the fitting.
6.Install the escutcheon plate by aligning it with the sprinkler body and pressing it over it until
the escutcheon's outer edge touches the mounting surface.

4

2.0 FIRE FIGHTING
Benefits and Problems

Benefits Problems

The risk to human life and the amount of The security and safety of the building and its
damage brought on by fire can both be residents depend heavily on the dependability
considerably decreased by fire sprinkler of fire sprinkler system. Although pipe system
systems. An automated system is made to malfunctions can take many different forms,
detect fires, put them out in the early stages, some of the most typical ones are leaks in the
or keep them under control so that alternative system, clogged sprinkler heads, and limited
methods of extinguishment may be used. It is water flow.
made up of a water supply that has sufficient
pressure and runs into a network of pipes on Scaling and corrosion are the two issues that
which sprinkler heads are placed. metal fire sprinkler systems experience the most
frequently. If the pH of the water isn't neutral, it
At a specific temperature, these sprinkler can corrode metal plumbing, and contaminants
heads turn on and spray water over the in the water might cause scaling problems.
affected area. The quantity of water damage is
limited since only those heads close to the fire Mineral buildup on the surface of pipes results
are active. Sprinkler system installation makes in scale. The pipe aperture narrows as minerals
sense since they protect property, prevent adhere to the surface of the piping and fall out
injuries, save lives, and promote sustainability. of the water. Water flow is restricted by this
The usefulness of sprinklers in home restriction, which also increases pressure loss.
properties has recently come to be more
widely accepted, and the latest version of the Charged ions in the water draw charged ions
code of practice guiding the Building from the metal surface to cause corrosion. This
Regulations reflects this. process may cause some of the metal's surface
to erode, eventually resulting in flaking.
The greater flexibility a system may offer to
both architects and developers is one of the These problems can eventually reduce water
most frequently disregarded advantages of flow, deteriorate the joints and pipe material,
fire sprinklers. Additionally, there are increase pressure loss, and result in leaks. In
environmental advantages that may be sprinkler head outputs, corrosion deposits may
utilized as a potent tool to illustrate how occasionally build up and reduce the amount of
sprinklers can help build safer and more water that can be evacuated.
resilient communities.

5

2.0 FIRE FIGHTING

Space Implication and Building Regulation

SIZE LOCATION

Because of the small size and low Sprinklers may be positioned
fuel load, fires in tiny rooms with a up to 9 feet away from one
low occupancy risk pose a lower wall that designers choose.
challenge to the sprinkler system. The maximum distance from
As a result, in certain situations, the any other wall is still 7.5 feet.
standard gives sprinkler designers
some latitude.

Building Regulation

Approved Document B : Fire BS 9991:2011 ‐ Fire Safety in the BS 9999:2008 ‐ Code of Practice
Safety Design, Management and Use of For Fire Safety in the Design,

Residential Buildings Management and Use of Buildings

The ADB is a strict and This standard provides a more Designed to be used in
prescriptive text. This may work adaptable method of building conjunction with BS 9999, which
for basic, straightforward design by using fire engineer does not cover individual
structures like townhouses or concepts. BS 9999 acknowledges dwellings. If specific test results
apartments, but it cannot, for the underlying advantages of BS can be submitted to an AHJ,
instance, be successfully used to 9251 and BS 12845 sprinkler Standard will conditionally
complicated constructions like systems and presents potential approve watermist systems as a
the Millennium Dome. trade-offs as a result. practical means of suppression.

6

2.0 FIRE FIGHTING

CASE STUDY ON MALAYSIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND

Application EXHIBITION CENTRE

Building Regulation

Approved Document B : Fire BS 9991:2011 ‐ Fire Safety in the BS 9999:2008 ‐ Code of

Safety Design, Management and Use of Practice For Fire Safety in the

Residential Buildings Design, Management and Use

An additioMnaAl LAanYdSIsAepIaNraTteERNATIONAL TRADE AND EXHIBITION CENofTBRuEildings

staircase is not required in 3 storey house with open plan

ftdTuhwlehleyeglfElriicMxnoxerguhaedsnilabdwaoti,yivettssihedooirsanltp4ooIr.Cnn5ingmmetkenlaeerhsternristgteah(ht2te(ih.yMo7ferbnoaI T)ramg.eElr oCTwr) awidnamg4gesreoasauntnnodsdreofyfloeoshrco(au6ps.3ee)(6w.4iKAL)thOUDCADnLARoATE ED IN: KUALRAedLuUcMtioPnURin fire growth
SseSc:oJnAdLAN DleUaTdAinMg AtSo 2a reduction in
LUMPUR, FEriDskEpRrAofLileTsE. RRITORY
Reladxeamtioannds oinf the bMoIuCnEda(rMy eetinIgnscr,eased travel OiFn KUcAoLmAmLoUnMPURLo5n0g4e8r 0tr,aMveAl LdAisYtaSnIAces –
distanIcnecsenbteitvweese,nCopnrofpeerertinecses ancdorridors from 7.5m tCo O15NmSaTnRdU3C0TmION STthAeRT4E5Dm: DEruCleEMcBaEnR, be
cwiR(wn9leeciehoc.En1stvalirsdlhcxice5iedpneahhae)lenasugsmintbhebgdndstaaiiiaeitoatlnnvhgimiiloentgeodaryedtsnqaceriusntsueacotshs)raghhnepotnieicarenruotiyinonndlwtnhd,ygemkuoagelaeogesmpldifrrrtsveaeobrpfiissontynnewryeri.ddgnsitsTstcknaheeiMalhnagnlemefnset‐rdaemblVramuaneysreasnkietniuetOIaa(iateno9oerctpcr.tsstnh67iehrvihs,ia0)esneeeeamlvnsepeodlda(l7asno.tt4erf)alrloavtnhtesgal ncadtasiesnA2CDFfntiLa0RErOembnO1SCNec2isOInHeTeGuRarIRvNtTcceAihAEacEsCineCRReavTEŌwT&ebOASeidelrl:RAK1R:U,0CDA0HAL0ebRlSLIAEaTxamee,rW0trgtlELeaagw0eCnUxlOeler0eedrTMeOdre:nSdPdoRcQoc.UpoSoo.feRmmirPrnFseppTaa.rrsttprmmeaesecinnsetttsssa.nce–
syestxehmibbietifoixnesd,(3p.a5r2t)icularly the ‘mtehgeain- iƟal call ‐ 90mEfoNrGhIoNuEseEsRlIeNssG & COReNlaSxTaRtioUnCinTIhOeNat CdeOte. ctors
Feirexhsiebpitairoatne’ mbeatwrkeeetn wahsictohrewill attthraanct4.5m in heighLt TaDn.d 75m for
Sprinkler systems can allow

room anodvear s1h0o0p,0fr0o0nt vciasnitobres and houses/flats not moreCtLhIaEnNoTne: MfloINorISTRYfoOr FtheINreTdEuRcNƟAoTnIiOn NthAeLrisk

relaxecdo(5n.5fe8r) ences or conventionasbove 4.5m. (e 19.1.2T) RADE AND INDUSpTrRoYfile(MtIhTeIr)eby increasing

Firbeeftigwhetienng 2sh0a0ft troeq2u0ire,0m0e0ntds elegaBtoeusn.dary distances cCaOn MbePrLeEdTuIcOeNd : DECalEloMwBaEblRe 2t0ra1v6el distances

can be relaxed (17.9) by half (29.4.2). (8.5.3).

7

2.0 FIRE FIGHTING

CASE STUDY ON MALAYSIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND

Application EXHIBITION CENTRE

Auto fire sprinkler system

Auto fire sprinkler system takes a

crucial first line place in fire

protection. The system extinguishes

or prevents fire from spreading in

early age, keeping fire under control.

Water extinguishes the given area

during fire through the pipes and

sprinkler heads. In MITEC, there are

two types of sprinkler heads which

Building Regulationare distributed in the whole building.

IsntAyepsaiptrsereomsvcteowdSfnihaDnrifeecoechctysutitemsadetdinoitrtneoBc:tthFtlhiryroeeluingfkhireedthtDeaoBelSasftiri9hrgme9en9, 1M:2an0a1g1e‐mFiernetSaanfedtUy sine the BS 9999:2008 ‐ Code of
of Practice For Fire Safety in the
Design, Management and Use
control panel. Residential Buildings
of Buildings
An additional and
separate
staircase Pisendnoatnt rfeiqrueirsepdrininkler 3 storey house with open plan Reduction in fire growth
dAweplleinngdsaonvt efr ir4e.5msphriignhklefrromhead hgaronugnsd floor (6.3) leading to a reduction in
tohen gtrhoeuncd,esiloinlogngpiapsetsheaynadre distri4bustetosrey house with no second risk profiles.
Longer travel distances –
fwulalytfeixredinwaithdsopmrinekdleros r(2c.7obn).ical pamteteanrns of escape (6.4)

Rueslainxgatioan convinex debfoleucndtoary. It remIncarienassed travel in common

dviisstai bnlceesa f tbeertwi nesent a l lpartoipoenr.ties corridors from 7.5m to 15m and 30m the 45m rule can be

which have a sprinkle
r system to 60m  (7.4) extended.

(9.15) Upright fire sprinkler Open plan flats can be achieved Larger compartments –

RAensiduepnrtigalht cfairree shpomrinesklecranspray (w9.a7t)er larger open spaces. 

inucprweaasredtshe qtouanatity ocfobnecdasvaes deflIenccrteoarsed travel distance can be Smaller doors

wwehllicash niesgamteotshtelyneuesdefdor aset lfp‐ lacesacwhiietvhed so long as fire service will Relaxed fire resistance
between compartments
colobssintrgudcotioorsnsshotuhldata swprilinl klberlock awrraivteerno later than ten minutes aŌer Relaxation in heat detectors
ssypstreamy bdeufrixinegd (a3.5fi2r)eplace. The petahek ionifƟal call ‐ 90m for houses less Sprinkler systems can allow
Ftihree suepprairgahtet bseptrwineeknlera asltolorews thethmanto4.5m in height and 75m for for the reducƟon in the risk
raoiomm waandtear asrhooupnfdropnot scsaniblbee obstahcoluesses/flats not more than one floor

relaxed (5.58) above 4.5m. (e 19.1.2) profile thereby increasing

Fire fighting shaft requirements Boundary distances can be reduced allowable travel distances

can be relaxed (17.9) by half (29.4.2). (8.5.3).

8

SPECIAL
SERVICES
SYSTEM

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

EXPLANATION OF THE SYSTEM

SMART SECURITY SYSTEM

A home should be a safe place for its
occupants. However, these days, burglaries and
intrusion are normal and this has been worrying
everyone. Technologies of the 21st smart home
automation system enable appliances to be
connected to a centralized system via internet
connection. The implementation of these high-
technology can be seen in smart healthcare,
smart cars, smart education and more. The
application of the automation system can also b
implemented in building services such as lighting system, heating ventilating air
con (HVAC) system, security system etc.

A smart security system will consists of physical and electrical components that
work altogether in keeping the house secure. It also refers to motion detectors,
security cameras, control panels, video footage storage and general system
management. The great thing is that, this smart security system proposed can be
controlled by occupants through smartphones or tablets.

By using this system, the user can connect
and control their security system such as
surveillance camera, access panel, and alarm
system. Basically, when the system detect or
sense any unfamiliar occupants, it will alert
the user by sending notifications to their
smartphones. When the system has
suggested that there is an intruder, the user
will be informed and able to take required
action after being notified. The storage or
cloud of system can store the footage in case
the user needs it.

81 0

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

INSTALLATION PROCESS

To start, access panel for the
system should be installed first.

The location where the panel will
be installed should be free from
other services as drilling holes will
be carried out on the wall surfaces.
Some security system provider
offers attachable panel too so that
wall surfaces are kept from
damages.

Next is installing sensors and
detectors to places such as front
door, back doors, blind spots, and
in rooms. We will never know where
the burglars or thieves are going to
come in so it is best to prioritize
closed area that are risky.

To make sure the system works
according to its requirement, some
testing shall be carried out. The
test can be vary depending on the
types of sensors and instructions
provided by the security specialist.
After ensuring that all components
does it work and can secure your
home, then you are good to go!

81 1

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

BENEFITS

At times, the house owner will be Accommodating to new and
away that they cannot watch their advanced technologies can be
house. However with this smart notoriously flexible. The abilities
security system, every home of this smart security system
security functions can be should not be underestimated as
controlled remotely. Convenience they are user friendly and people
is provided to user as they can will manage to use it without
monitor and control their security having to have messy switches at
system from devices at anywhere their home. In this way, users can
and anytime. This interconnection have simpler lifestyle technology
through a single interface is a from time to time.
huge step forward for technology
and home management. It is Increases in home security. The
especially very helpful for elderly capabilities of this smart security
and those people who are more at system will boost the level of
risk. security of a building. The
components featured will have its
These days, it is possible to use users to be able to leave their
home without any worries. There
high technologies while are motion detectors, alert system
and also interfaces where they can
maintaining energy usage which monitor their house even from
miles away. It is the main reason
can be a great initiative for a safe why this smart system is installed
in which it can eliminate any
environment. Sustainability and criminal activities within our house.

energy efficiency will be

improved when using this smart

security system. The system can

be set according to a preferred

energy-efficient settings and at

the same time, give the best

operation throughout the day.

81 2

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

PROBLEMS

Reduces Privacy Protection
Though that these smart devices are

undoubtedly provide a brilliant
experience for its users, but security
concerns have always surrounded the
Internet of Things (IoT) system. As the
system is connected to internet
networking, a breach of data or
hacking activities are almost
impossible to be prevented. Physical
home security will be maintained, but
it does not mean that the internal data
is safe.

High Cost Complexity
Smart security systems consists of At times, the smart security system
high technology components that are can be very strict to the users, which
still new and has limited supplies. Due makes it hard to control it. In addition,
to that, installation of the smart failure or malfunctioning of this
security system can be very system will results to false alarms
expensive especially if they planned that can be humiliating and a waste of
to install to the whole house. time especially if it involves police
Different companies of offers a wide intervention. The vulnerabilities of
range of the components and that will sensors or detectors often are the
have effects on its quality. These causes of this situation. Although that
days, the average cost can be there is provided interfaces app for
between RM2,000 to RM10,000. the users, its operation may be
Moreover, to install these smart interrupted by problem in the internet
security system should be done by a getaways.
specialist which adds more to
account for its installation cost.

81 3

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

CONNECTION & POSITION

Detectors/Sensors
Detectors will collect the data or information regarding to status of this
system. It will measure the surrounding environment including occupancy in a
room, humidity level and temperature. All of this collected data can either be
a simple temperature monitoring sensor or even a complex full video feed.
Multiple sensors installed on a device will connect and work together to do
more than just sense things. This enable the security system to save some
footages when intruders are detected.

Internet Getaway
The data collected from a data acquisition system (DAS) will be converted
from analogue to digital format. Before it can be sent to the cloud
infrastructure, it will require a medium for transport. The medium is an
internet getaway via wireless wide-area networks (WANs) such as Wi-Fi or
even wired WANs that is connected to the sensors.

Actuators/Data Processors
After the data has been digitized and aggregated through data acquisition
system (DAS), it will have to be processed to lower its volume. Only then
then data will be sent to the data center or cloud server. Once the data has
been processed and transferred to the cloud server, the next command will
be carried out, as a response from the detectors.

Interfaces
IT system enable the user to be notified regarding the information collected
and analyzed. It can be either by setting alarms on their phones or notifying
them via texts. Moreover, a component installed in the system allows user to
be able to have interfaces so that they can actively view and monitor real-
time activity in their house. These Internet of Things (IoT) implementation can
minimize their efforts and keep home security in check from time to time. Not
only that, footages from camera installed can be stored for future uses.

81 4

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

PRINCIPLE & REGULATIONS

Connection Virtualization
The system should be able to
connect to each of its components A virtual representation can be PRINCIPLE
to operate efficiently. They have to
be set to a specific language or generated by this system
server to be able to communicate
to one another. If an impeding through the devices involved.
miscommunication occur in this
system, it may lead to a serious As it is connected to internet,
situation where the system might
turning on its alarm system. a real-time situation can be
Consider the technical
specifications when installing the monitored through the
system too.
application on the user's

devices. This can be helpful to

the users as they can remotely

view the status of their home,

ensuring there is no fishy

activities such as burglaries.

This system has compliance to its Therefore, to provide a safe
safe regulations. Any smart home
and smart devices will be and secure products for its REGULATIONS
connected to the internet, where
one is exposed to hacking customers, security specialist
activities. These online attackers
can easily access to the cloud or will need a program that
data of system, where it operates in
people's daily lives. Take for an comply to the chief
example, there is a search engine
which is designed for security compliance officer. There can
professionals but might misused by
outsider to steal data and causes be a lot of threats especially
harms to its users.
Internet of Things (IoT) devices

are susceptible to online

attacks. Compliance program

enable the cloud network to

operate as usual but with a

safer regulation.

81 5

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

LUXURY SMART AI 3-STOREY
HOUSE @ BATU CAVES

PROPERTY DETAILS This smart home uses the
wireless home automation

system for HVAC system,
security system etc.
Name: Luxury Smart AI House These services can be
Address: Batu Caves, Selangor controlled using a specific app
Security Specialist: SmartZone via devices such as
Malaysia smartphones, tablets, laptop
Completion Date: January 2021 and more.
Type: Residential The services functionality is
Tenure: Freehold integrated to a control system
Built-up: 2500 sq. ft. which is managed and installed
No. of Storey: 3 by smart system specialist
SmartZone Malaysia.

81 6

3.0 SPECIAL SERVICES

CASE STUDY

SMART LIGHTING CONTROL

A customizable centralized smart system
is provided that occupants will be able to
control and change lighting mode for
whole house using the app in their phone.

The whole house lighting can be
automated whether by motion or
scheduled.

SMART HUMAN DETECTOR

The motion sensor will detect if
someone enter the room, then the
light will automatically dim up.

It act as a smart security system for
the building which can avoid intruders
and crimes within the building.

SMART TEMPERATURE CONTROL

By integrating the HVAC into the smart
control system, the occupants are able to
control the temperature at anywhere
anyplace using their phone.

There is automated temperature control
too which aircon will adjust its
temperature during a hot day
automatically.

81 7

MECHANICAL
HANDLING
SYSTEM

4.0 MECHANICAL
HANDLING SYSTEM
EXPLANATION OF THE APPLICATION
The primary role of mechanical
BASED ON ARTICLE BY WANG & handling system is to assist people in
AZREE( 2012) moving around the building.

MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM Mechanical movement of persons and
REFER TO THE EQUIPMENT WHICH products is an energy-consuming
MANAGES THE STORAGE AND service that requires the attention of
MOVEMENT OF PRODUCTS AND the designer and installer from the
MOVE PEOPLE FROM ONE FLOOR beginning phases of building design.
TO ANOTHER FLOOR. IT CAN BE
FOUND WITHIN, AROUND, AND Elevators and escalators are two
ASSOCIATED WITH MODERN common methods of vertical transit
BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS. found inside multi-storey buildings. It

is used to transport vertically in a

building.

IT CAN BE CATEGORIZED BY The transportation system in
TWO TYPES: commercial buildings must be able to
handle a large population movement.

FOR FOR A robust transportation system can
HANDLING HANDLING help multi storey buildings retain a
GOODS: PEOPLE: convenient and comfortable
ESCALATOR environment. It should be able to
HOIST ELEVATOR support standard commercial building
CONVEYOR PATERNOSTER operations.
DUMBWAITER TRAVELLATORS
ELEVATOR All buildings with more than one storey
or different level definitely have some
way of moving from floor to floor or
level to level. This could be a
mechanical transportation system
such as a lift, paternoster, escalator,
or travelator.

19

4.0 MECHANICAL
HANDLING SYSTEM

INSTALLATION PROCESS

BEFORE POSITIONING THE COLUMNS ,THE INSTALLING THE GATES AND
TECHNICIAN WILL ENSURE THAT THE ENCLOSURES GATES AND TO
LOCATION WHERE THE LIFT IS INSTALLED KEEP OBJECTS FROM FALLING
THERE SHOULD BE ADEQUATE ROOM TO OFF THE VRC AND HURTING
WORK SECURELY WITHOUT INTERFERING SOMEONE. THESE SHOULD BE
WITH YOUR WORKFLOW. TIGHTLY WELDED IN PLACE.

ALSO ENSURE THAT THERE IS SUFFICIENT WIRING ELECTRICAL
OVERHEAD CLEARANCE FOR LOADING AND COMPONENTS THAT
UNLOADING THE CARGO. THEY WILL BOLT THE ALLOWS LIFT TO MOVE UP
COLUMNS AND GUIDE THEM INTO POSITION. AND DOWN. THIS ENSURES
THAT THE ELEVATOR MAY BE
OUTLINES WILL BE CREATED ON THE FLOOR OPERATED WITH THE FLIP
AND WALLS TO ENSURE THAT THE CARRIAGE OF A SWITCH.
IS PROPERLY POSITIONED TO TRAVEL UP THE
COLUMNS IN AN EVEN AND LEVEL MANNER.

THE CARRIAGE IS POSITIONED INSIDE THE
COLUMNS EXACTLY AS SPECIFIED BY THESE
MARKINGS. WHEELBLOCKS WILL BE
ATTACHED TO THE CARRIAGE UPRIGHTS AND
AFFIXED TO THE COLUMNS.

LIFT CHAINS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED AND ARE
LINKED TO THE WHEELBLOCKS. WHEN THE
CARRIAGE IS ELEVATED, THESE SHOULD NOT
RUN OFF THE SPROCKET.

THE DRIVE BASE WILL BE HOISTED INTO PLACE
ON TOP OF THE COLUMNS WHEN THE
MOTORDRIVE IS PROPERLY INSTALLED, THE
DRIVEBASE IS BOLTED IN PLACE AND LATER
WELDED TO THE SUPPORTS.

20

4.0 MECHANICAL
HANDLING SYSTEM

BENEFITS BENEFITS & PROBLEM

PROBLEM

1. FUNCTIONALITY BASED ON ARTICLE BY ALIYU (2015)

REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF TIME 1. INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE
SPENT CLIMBING STEPS ON A PROPERTY MANAGERS LET THE SYSTEM
MALFUNCTION BEFORE REPAIRING IT.
REGULAR BASIS. CARRYING BIG AND
BULKY STUFF BECOMES EASIER AND MINOR INDICATORS OF ELEVATOR FAILURE
ARE DELAYED UNTIL THEY WORSEN AND
SAVES A LOT OF TIME, DISRUPT ROUTINE OPERATIONS

2. IT SAVES SPACE. 2. INSUFFICIENT ENERGY SOURCE

ELEVATORS TAKE UP SIGNIFICANTLY LESS ELEVATORS REQUIRED A SUFFICIENT SUPPLY
AREA THAN STAIRWELLS, THE ELEVATOR CAN OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO

BE PUT OUTSIDE ON AN EXTERNAL WALL, OPERATE.VOLTAGE UPGRADES CAN
WITH AN INDOOR ENTRY AT EACH LEVEL. INFLUENCE MOTOR OPERATIONS, AND

3. SECURITY SYSTEM UPDATES CAN EVEN CAUSE
ELEVATOR DAMAGE.
INCREASED SAFETY FOR EVERYONE IN
BUILDING. THIS IS ESPECIALLY BENEFICIAL 3. QUEUING PROBLEM
FOR TODDLERS AND THE ELDERLY WHO MAY
MANY FACTORS INFLUENCE THE EFFICIENT
HAVE DIFFICULTY CLIMBING THE STAIRS. DISPATCHING OF PERSONS REQUESTING
ELEVATORS LESSEN THE NUMBER OF
SERVICE FROM AN ELEVATOR IN A HIGH-RISE
COMMON INCIDENTS, SUCH AS YOUNGSTERS BUILDING, INCLUDING THE NUMBER OF
TRIPPING OVER STAIR RAILS OR FALLING
DOWN THE STAIRS. SERVERS, QUEUING CAPACITY, NUMBER OF
ELEVATORS, DISPATCH TIME OR SPEED, AND

SO ON.

4. ADAPTABILITY 4. LACK OF SPARE PARTS
ELEVATOR PARTS HAVE VARIABLE LIFE
ELEVATOR MANUFACTURERS WILL CONSTRUCT CYCLES; SOME COMPONENTS MUST BE
AND MODIFY DEPENDING ON THEIR SORT OF
CHANGED IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN ITS
WORK AND NEEDS WHETHER NEED A LIFT TO FUNCTION. ELEVATORS HAVE BEEN KEPT
CONVEY ITEMS FROM FLOOR TO FLOOR OR TO OUT OF SERVICE FOR MONTHS DUE TO
GUARANTEE PERSONNEL CAN MOVE ABOUT
THE FAILURE OF PARTS THAT MUST BE
SAFELY AND EASILY.
BROUGHT FROM A LONG DISTANCE OR

IMPORTED FROM ABROAD

21

4.0 MECHANICAL HANDLING
SYSTEM

SPACE IMPLICATION & BUILDING REGULATION

MACHINE ROOM LOCATION

ALSO KNOWN AS LIFT MOTOR THE ROOM IS NORMALLY POSITIONED
ROOM. IT IS A ROOM THAT ABOVE THE HOISTWAY OF THE LIFT
THE PREFERRED LOCATION FOR THE
HOUSES THE MACHINERY AND TRACTION ELEVATOR MACHINERY IS
ELECTRICAL CONTROLS THAT
DIRECTLY ABOVE THE ELEVATOR HOIST
OPERATE A LIFT. WAY. FOR TRACTION ELEVATOR

REQUIREMENTS APPLICATIONS THIS LOCATION CAN ALSO
BE BELOW, AT THE SIDE OR AT THE REAR.
ADEQUATELY VENTILATED.
SHALL BE SUCH THAT THE SIZE
EQUIPMENTS ARE PROTECTED AS THE MINIMUM RECOMMENDED SIZE
FAR AS POSSIBLE FROM DUST AND
HUMIDITY. IS 5′-5″ DEEP AND 4′-6″ WIDE
TEMPERATURE 5 DEG C – 40 DEG C MACHINE ROOM HEIGHT TO BE 7′-0″
WALLS, CEILING, FLOOR SHOULD
BE FINISHED IN TILES OR PAINTED MINIMUM.
AS A MIN TO STOP DUST
CIRCULATION.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

UBBL BYLAW REQUIREMENTS UBBL BY LAWS - SECTION 154 - EMERGENCY
MODE
UBBL BY LAWS - SECTION 124 - LIFT
- LIFT IS REQUIRED FOR ALL NON-RESIDENTIAL - ON FAILURE OF MAINS POWER ALL LIFTS
BUILDINGS WHICH ARE EXCEEDING 4 STOREYS SHALL RETURN IN SEQUENCE DIRECTLY TO
AND ABOVE OR BELOW THE MAIN ENTRANCE. DESIGNATED FLOOR, COMMENCING WITH THE
FIRE LIFTS, WITHOUT ANSWERING ANY CAR OR

LANDING CALLS AND PARK WITH DOORS OPEN.
UBBL BY LAWS - SECTION 153 - SMOKE - AFTER ALL LIFTS ARE PARKED THE LIFTS ON
EMERGENCY POWER SHALL RESUME NORMAL
DETECTOR
- SMOKE DETECTOR MUST BE PROVIDED AT THE

LIFT LOBBIES IN ORDER TO DETECT IF THERE IS
8
ANY FIRE OCCURRED.

4.0 MECHANICAL HANDLING
SYSTEM

CASE STUDY AVENUE K SHOPPING MALL

AVENUE K SHOPPING MALL BASED ON STAR PROPERTY:

THIS SHOPPING MALL HAS PROPERTY DETAILS
LITERALLY THE BEST LOCATION
EVER, BEING LOCATED IN ONE OF NAME: AVENUE K
KUALA LUMPUR'S MOST ADDRESS: 156, JALAN AMPANG,
TOURISTIC AREAS, AND IT IS 50560 KUALA LUMPUR
STILL A RELATIVELY DEVELOPER: OLYMPIA PROPERTY
AFFORDABLE SHOPPING SERVICES
DESTINATION. AVENUE K IS A COMPLETION DATE: EARLY 2005
SHOPPING MALL LOCATED JUST (RENOVATED 2013)
IN FRONT OF SURIA KLCC, OR THE TYPE: RETAIL MALL
PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS. TENURE: FREEHOLD
BUILT-UP: FROM 100 SF (NETT
LETTABLE AREA OF 360,000 SF)
NO. OF BLOCKS: 1
NO. OF STOREY: 6

23

4.0 MECHANICAL HANDLING
SYSTEM

CASE STUDY AVENUE K SHOPPING MALL

FOR MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM, WE
CHOOSE AVENUE K SHOPPING MALL AS OUR

CASE STUDY

IN THIS SECTION, WE WIL EXPLAIN
ABOUT TYPE OF ELEVATOR USE IN

AVENUE K:

TYPE OF ELEVATOR USE IN AVENUE K
SHOPPING MALL IS



GEARED TRACTION SYSTEM

Total 20 elevator with 16 passenger
elevator and 3 fireman's elevator

The gearbox in these traction elevators is
connected to the electric motor and turns
the hoist sheave and moves the rope.

It can reach speeds of up to 500 feet per
minute when powered by either direct
current (DC) or alternating current (AC).

May go a maximum distance of 250 feet.

Can provide minimal energy consumption
and cheap installation and maintenance
expenses.

8

4.0 MECHANICAL HANDLING
SYSTEM

CASE STUDY AVENUE K SHOPPING MALL

ADVANTAGES PICTURE TAKEN FROM
ELECTRICALKNOWHOW.COM
ENERGY CONVERSATION
There is no mechanical power 8
loss because there is no
transmission mechanism. It
also saves energy and money
on running costs

EASY INSTALLATION
Because the tractor is directly
attached to the shaft of the
motor, the structure is small,
light, and easy to hoist and
transport, making installation
in the field considerably easier

SMOOTH OPERATION
There is no belt transfer of lost
rotation or skid since there is
no transmission structure, with
no noise or vibration from gear
movement. As a result, the
elevator moves smoothly and
quietly.

SAFE OIL FOR MAINTENANCE
Because there is no
transmission mechanism in the
gearless tractor, the
lubricating oil in the standard
reducer is saved.

TELECOMMUNICATION

5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION

EXPLANATION OF THE APPLICATION

WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION? SIGNALS

BASED ON ARTICLE TECHOPEDIA (2017), ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS CONVEY
TELECOMS DATA. CONTINUOUS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS IS THE LONG-DISTANCE
INTERCHANGE OF ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL ANALOGUE WAVES TRANSMIT VOICE.
INFORMATION. TWO OR MORE STATIONS WITH DIGITAL SIGNALS CONVEY ONE-BIT AND
TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS MAKE CONSTITUTE A
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM. MANY TELECOMMUNICATION ZERO-BIT DATA OR ON-OFF PULSES.
STATIONS EMPLOY A TRANSCEIVER, A SINGLE TRANSMITTER- COMPUTERS COMMUNICATE DIGITALLY.
RECEIVER CONFIGURATION.
A MODEM CONVERTS COMPUTER
SIGNALS TO ANALOGUE. AN ANALOG-

TO-DIGITAL MODEM TRANSFORMS
SIGNALS.

TELEPHONES, TELEGRAPHS, RADIO, MICROWAVES, FIBRE CHANNELS
OPTICS, SATELLITES, AND THE INTERNET ARE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT.

WHAT IS THE APPLICATION? TELECOM INFORMATION TRANSPORT
REQUIRES CHANNELS.
BASED ON ARTICLE BY ANGELA OGUNJIMI (2021)
COMMUNICATION USES SEVERAL
MULTI-STOREY MUST SATISFY EMPLOYEES, RESIDENTS, MEDIUMS. MEDIUM DETERMINES DATA
AND VISITORS. MOST WANT FAST, BUSY INTERNET.
HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL FIBRE LINKS STABILISE THE FLOW SPEED. HIGH-SPEED
GLOBE. FIBER TECHNOLOGY "FUTURE-PROOFS" TRANSMISSION COSTS EXTRA BECAUSE
TENANTS' PHONE AND MULTIMEDIA SERVICES. IT
IMPROVES WORK, HOME, COMMERCIAL, AND PUBLIC OF ITS INFRASTRUCTURE.
SERVICE COMMUNICATION. TRANSMISSION MEDIA INCLUDE
WIRELESS, FIBRE OPTICS, COAXIAL

CABLE, AND TWISTED WIRE.

NETWORK

MULTI-STOREY NEED WELL-PLANNED COMMUNICATIONS. THE GEOGRAPHICAL CAPACITY OF A
THIS PREVENTS POST-CONSTRUCTION CHANGES. NETWORK AND THE SORT OF SERVICE
CUSTOMERS ARE RECOMMENDED TO CHOOSE
QUALIFIED AND AUTHORISED COMMUNICATIONS IT PROVIDES ARE TWO OF THE
SERVICE DESIGN PROFESSIONALS WHILE CRITERIA USED TO CLASSIFY
CONSTRUCTING. DEVELOPERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. THE
WORK WITH THE TELECOM INDUSTRY FROM THE STRUCTURE OF THE NETWORK AND
BEGINNING TO IMPROVE PROCESS AND DESIGN THE CONNECTIONS WITHIN IT
PROBLEMS. ILLUSTRATE HOW IT FUNCTIONS.

27

5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION

INSTALLATION PROCESS - WIRELESS (LAN)

BASED ON ARTICLE BY JIM GEIER (2021)



1.PREPARATION
AS WITH ANY JOB, A WLAN INSTALLATION REQUIRES A TIMELINE
AND RESOURCES. TWO INSTALLERS MAY BE NEEDED FOR SIX
WEEKS TO INSTALL 150 ACCESS POINTS, BUT JUST ONE
INSTALLER FOR A COUPLE DAYS FOR A SMALLER NETWORK WITH
FIVE ACCESS POINTS.

2.IDENTIFY ACCESS POINTS
ACCESS POINT PLACEMENT AFFECTS PERFORMANCE. BEFORE
DEPLOYING ACCESS POINTS, UNDERTAKE AN RF SITE
ASSESSMENT. THE SITE ASSESSMENT IDENTIFIES POSSIBLE RF
INTERFERENCE SOURCES AND DETERMINES THE BEST ACCESS
POINT INSTALLATION SITES. REFER TO A PRIOR LESSON AND
CASE STUDIES FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON COMPLETING RF SITE
ASSESSMENTS FOR WLANS AT MIA AND NPS.

3.INSTALL DISTRIBUTION
ETHERNET SWITCHES, ROUTERS, AND CATEGORY 5 TWISTED PAIR
CABLE RUN TO EACH ACCESS POINT. LABEL WIRES ACCORDING
TO BUSINESS STANDARDS OR YOUR WAYS. THE GOAL IS TO
NUMBER EACH CABLE END SO YOU KNOW WHICH ACCESS POINT
YOU'RE DEALING WITH WHILE REWIRING OR TROUBLESHOOTING
THE SYSTEM.

4. INSTALL ACCESS POINTS
IN MOST CIRCUMSTANCES, PARTICULARLY WITH MANY ACCESS
POINTS, DEFAULT ACCESS POINT SETTINGS WON'T SUIT NEEDS
AND DESIGN. TO AVOID INTER-ACCESS POINT INTERFERENCE, PUT
NEARBY ACCESS POINTS TO DISTINCT RADIO CHANNELS. SET
TRANSMIT POWER, ENCRYPTION, AUTHENTICATION, REQUEST-TO-
SEND/CLEAR-TO-SEND, AND FRAGMENTATION.

5. INSTALLATION TEST
DON'T ASSUME COVERAGE AND WIRING ARE OK. USING
AIRMAGNET OR YELLOW JACKET, ENSURE SIGNAL STRENGTH IN
ALL ROAMING ZONES. ENSURE PERFORMANCE ON USER-
OPERATED CLIENT DEVICES. IF COVERAGE IS POOR, CHANGE OR
ADD ACCESS POINTS.

6. MAKE FINAL DOCUMENTATION
AFTER INSTALLING, RECORD EVERYTHING. DIAGRAMS OF
INSTALLED ACCESS POINTS AND CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN DOCUMENTATION. IF YOU HID THE
ACCESS POINTS WELL, YOU'LL NEED THIS DOCUMENTATION TO
DISCOVER THEM AFTERWARDS. MONITORING,
TROUBLESHOOTING, AND UPGRADING THE WLAN WILL NEED
CONFIGURATION INFORMATION.

28

5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION

BENEFITS & PROBLEMS- WIRELESS (LAN)

BENEFITS PROBLEMS

BASED ON ARTICLE BY PRASANNA (2022),

ACCESSIBILITY SPEED

WIRELESS NETWORKS HAVE NO WIRES OR WIRELESS IS SLOWER THAN CABLE.THE
CORDS, SO USERS MAY MOVE WHILE USER'S LOCATION AFFECTS THE SPEED.

COMMUNICATING. USERS MAY WANDER AS A USER GETS FURTHER FROM THE
WITHOUT DISCONNECTING. PRODUCTIVITY NETWORK, THE CONNECTION BECOMES
POORER. LARGE AREAS OR STRUCTURES
IMPROVES.

HAVE A BIG DIFFICULTY WITH THIS.


SIMPLE SETUP
WIRELESS NETWORK INSTALLATION IS QUICKER SECURITY
UNINSTALLED OR POORLY MANAGED
AND SIMPLER THAN CABLE. IT MINIMISES THE WIRELESS NETWORKS POSE SERIOUS

NEED FOR DIFFICULT-TO-INSTALL CABLES THAT SECURITY RISKS WITH ONLY A WIRELESS

REPRESENT A SAFETY CONCERN IF A USER ADAPTOR, HACKERS MAY EASILY ACCESS

TRIPS OVER THEM. CHANGING THE NETWORK THE NETWORK, INCREASING THE DANGER
OF HACKING. HAVING A NETWORK
REQUIRES UPDATING THE WIRELESS NETWORK.
PASSWORD MAY MAKE THINGS WORSE.



EFFICIENCY
WIRELESS NETWORKS MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR COVERAGE
DATA TRANSMISSION TO BE ENHANCED AND THE AREA THAT CAN BE COVERED BY A
WIRELESS NETWORK IS RATHER LIMITED.
MADE MORE EFFECTIVE. THE TRANSMISSION OF
THE NORMAL RANGE FOR WIRELESS
DATA FROM ONE USER TO ANOTHER TAKES ROUTERS IS BETWEEN 150 AND 300 FEET,

MUCH LESS TIME WHEN USING A WIRELESS WHICH MEANS THAT USERS MAY ACCESS

NETWORK. THE NETWORK FROM THOSE DISTANCES.





COST EFFECTIVE NEEDS PC BASICS

WIRELESS NETWORKS ARE MORE COST- WIRELESS NETWORK SETUP NEEDS LITTLE

EFFECTIVE THAN WIRED NETWORKS BECAUSE COMPUTER EXPERIENCE. COMPUTER

THEY NEED LESS EQUIPMENT AND ARE SIMPLER NOVICES MAY HAVE PROBLEMS BUILDING
TO SET UP. ALTHOUGH THEY MADE A LARGE A WIRELESS NETWORK. HACKERS MAY

INVESTMENT TO BEGIN, THEY HAVE SEEN THAT EASILY COMPROMISE THESE NETWORKS'

OVER TIME, THEIR TOTAL COSTS HAVE SECURITY.

DECREASED.

29

5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION

SPACE IMPLICATION & BUILDING REGULATION

SPACE IMPLICATION

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS ARE INDOOR NETWORKS
LOCATED IN BUILDINGS TO WHICH MANY PCS ARE LINKED.

WLANS ARE CREATED WHEN LAN WIRES ARE REPLACED
BY RF OR IRDA TECHNOLOGY. WLAN REQUIRES WIRELESS

NETWORK EQUIPMENT. WIRELESS CLIENTS, ACCESS
POINTS, AND WIRELESS ROUTERS HAVE THEIR OWN DATA

RATES AND COVERAGE REGIONS ACCORDING TO IEEE
STANDARDS.

BUILDING REGULATION

BASED ON ARTICLE BY MALAYSIAN COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA
COMMISSION (2022)



1.THE MALAYSIAN COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMISSION (THE
COMMISSION) HAS NOTICED THAT MORE AND MORE PEOPLE ARE USING
WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (WLAN) TECHNOLOGIES IN THE 2400 MHZ
TO 2500 MHZ, 5150 MHZ TO 5350 MHZ, 5470 MHZ TO 5650 MHZ, AND 5725
MHZ TO 5875 MHZ FREQUENCY BANDS TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET. THE
LOW COST OF THE EQUIPMENT AND THE EASE WITH WHICH THESE
NETWORKS CAN BE SET UP, AMONG OTHER THINGS, MAKE IT AN INTERESTING
AND EASY WAY TO GIVE PEOPLE SHORT-RANGE WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS.

2. HOWEVER, THESE "PRIVATE" WLANS NEED TO BE CONNECTED TO A PUBLIC
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK, SUCH AS AN INTERNET ACCESS SERVICE
PROVIDER (IASP), IN ORDER TO PROVIDE BOTH BANDWIDTH AND ACCESS TO
THE INTERNET.

3. THIS GUIDELINE IS A GUIDE FOR ANYONE OR ANY BUSINESS THAT WANTS
TO GIVE THE PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE INTERNET BY USING THE FREQUENCY
BANDS LISTED IN THIS GUIDELINE.

30

5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION

CASE STUDY PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

MALAYSIA'S PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS LOCATED IN: SURIA KLCC
ADDRESS: CONCOURSE LEVEL,
ARE HIGH-RISES. CESAR PELLI PETRONAS TWIN TOWER, LOWER
GROUND, KUALA LUMPUR CITY
DESIGNED PETRONAS' TWIN TOWERS IN CENTRE, 50088 KUALA LUMPUR
CONSTRUCTION STARTED: MARCH 1,
1998. EACH TOWER HAS 88 FLOORS, 1993
ARCHITECT: CÉSAR PELLI
EIGHT LOBES, A PYRAMID-SHAPED ARCHITECTURAL: 451.9 M (1,483 FT)
FLOOR AREA: 395,000 M2 (4,252,000
PINNACLE, AND A STEEL SPIRE. THE SQ FT)
FLOOR COUNT: 88 (WITH 5 BEING
PINNACLE AND SPIRE ARE 242 FEET UNDERGROUND)
OWNER: KLCC HOLDINGS SDN BHD
TALL. EACH BUILDING FEATURES 16 OPENED: AUGUST 31, 1999

STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE

COLUMNS AND STAINLESS STEEL AND

GLASS CLADDING. SKYBRIDGE LINKS

41ST AND 42ND LEVELS.




A GREEN BUILDING - THEY POWERED BY

SOLAR ENERGY AND USING THE FIRST

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC(PV) SYSTEM ON

SURIA KLCC ROOF TOP

31

5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION

CASE STUDY PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

FOR TELECOMMUNICATION, OUR GROUP CHOOSE
PETRONAS TWIN TOWER AS OUR CASE STUDY

THE BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS A
STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM THAT CONSISTS OF
VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, AND INTERBUILDING CABLE.
ADDITIONALLY, THE BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PROVIDES CONNECTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS
CARRIER FIRMS. RAISED FLOORING IS A DISTINCTIVE
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PETRONAS TWIN TOWERS.
THIS KIND OF FLOORING MAKES IT EASIER TO RUN
CABLES AND GIVES INSTALLERS MORE LEEWAY WHEN
IT COMES TO THE PLACEMENT OF WORKSTATIONS,
COMMUNICATION DEVICES, AND ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCES.

WITHIN THE CONFINES OF THE SITE, THE LOCAL

COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM THAT SUPPORTS THE

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE IS

INTENDED TO FUNCTION AS A LOCAL LOOP. THE

CENTRAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS OFFICE, OFTEN

KNOWN AS THE CTO, IS THE NERVE CENTRE OF THE

SYSTEM. IT OPERATES AS A LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS

EXCHANGE IN ADDITION TO ACTING AS A PORTAL TO

THE REST OF THE GLOBE.

AT ALL TIMES, BOTH THE AVAILABILITY AND
DEPENDABILITY OF THE NETWORK ARE ASSURED. THE
WORKSTATIONS ARE ALL LINKED TOGETHER WITH AN
OPTICAL FIBRE NETWORK THAT IS EQUIPPED TO
MANAGE THE MOST CUTTING-EDGE SOFTWARE USED
IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TODAY.

THE SECURITY SYSTEM FOR THE BUILDING IS
INTENDED TO FUNCTION VIA THE USE OF A LOCAL
AREA NETWORK (LAN)

32

HVAC
SYSTEM

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

EXPLANATION OF THE APPLICATION

MEANING

BASED ON ARTICLE BY
ENERGIES (2018)
HEATING, VENTILATION, AND
AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) IS

THE USE OF VARIOUS
TECHNOLOGIES TO CONTROL

THE TEMPERATURE,
HUMIDITY, AND PURITY OF
THE AIR IN AN ENCLOSED

SPACE. ITS GOAL IS TO
PROVIDE THERMAL COMFORT

AND ACCEPTABLE INDOOR
AIR QUALITY.

APPLICATION

MOREOVER, THE MAIN PURPOSES OF A HEATING,
VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING (HVAC) SYSTEM
ARE TO HELP MAINTAIN GOOD INDOOR AIR QUALITY
THROUGH ADEQUATE VENTILATION WITH FILTRATION
AND PROVIDE THERMAL COMFORT. FURTHERMORE, HVAC
SYSTEMS MOVE AIR INSIDE AND OUTSIDE, HEAT AND
COOL HOMES AND BUSINESSES. THEY KEEP YOU WARM IN
WINTER AND COOL IN SUMMER. THEY ALSO FILTER AND
PURIFY INDOOR AIR TO KEEP YOU HEALTHY AND
MAINTAIN IDEAL HUMIDITY LEVELS.

34

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

INSTALLATION PROCESS

How to install an air conditioning ?

1. SELECTING THE RIGHT INSTALLATION AREA
AIR CONDITIONING SHOULD BE INSTALLED ON A STRONG WALL THAT CAN
ACCOMMODATE BOTH THE INDOOR AND OUTDOOR UNITS. EVEN IF THE OUTER
UNIT IS NOT INSTALLED ON THE SAME WALL, A STRONG WALL WILL PREVENT
VIBRATIONS FROM BEING INDUCED INTO THE WALL. ALSO, ENSURE THAT THERE IS
A 15-CENTIMETER CLEARANCE ABOVE AND AROUND THE INDOOR AC UNIT. THE
IDEAL HEIGHT IS 7 FEET ABOVE THE GROUND.

2. FIX THE MOUNTING PLATE AND DRILL OUTLET HOLE

PLACE THE MOUNTING PLATE AGAINST THE WALL WHERE YOU WANT THE INDOOR
UNIT TO BE MOUNTED. USING A LEVELLER, ENSURE THAT THE PLATE IS
HORIZONTAL. THEN, WITH A PENCIL, MARK THE LOCATIONS WHERE FASTENERS
WILL BE DRILLED. DRILL HOLES IN THE MARKED AREAS AND INSERT PLASTIC
ANCHORS. TIGHTEN THE SCREWS WHILE HOLDING THE MOUNTING PLATE.
FINALLY, DRILL A 7-8 CM HOLE IN AN APPROPRIATE LOCATION FOR THE PIPES
AND WIRES TO EXIT TO THE OUTDOOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM.

3. MOUNTING THE INDOOR AC UNIT
LIFT THE AIR CONDITIONING FRONT COVER AWAY FROM THE MOUNTING PLATE.
SEND THE TWO COPPER PIPES, DRAINAGE PIPE, AND WIRE THROUGH THE OUTLET
HOLE DRILLED IN THE WALL. TO MAINTAIN GOOD COOLING PERFORMANCE,
ENSURE THAT THE BENDS IN THE COPPER PIPES ARE SMOOTH. BIND ALL FOUR
TOGETHER WITH ELECTRICAL TAPE IF POSSIBLE. PLACE THE AIR CONDITIONING
UNIT ON THE MOUNTING PLATE WITH CARE. ATTACH THE FRONT COVER TO THE
AIR CONDITIONING AS WELL.

4. CHOOSING THE RIGHT INSTALLATION SPOT

TO ENSURE OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE, A DISTANCE
OF AT LEAST 30-35 CENTIMETRES SHOULD BE
MAINTAINED AROUND THE OUTDOOR UNIT. ALSO,
AVOID PLACES THAT ARE HOT OR DUSTY.

35

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

INSTALLATION PROCESS

How to install an air conditioning ?

5. FIXING THE BRACKETS

AFTER DETERMINING THE BEST INSTALLATION LOCATION, BEGIN
BY DRILLING A HOLE FOR THE BRACKETS. CHECK THAT THEY ARE
HORIZONTALLY ALIGNED. USE THE SUPPLIED FASTENERS TO
SECURE THE BRACKET.

6. MOUNTING THE OUTDOOR UNIT

LIFT THE OUTDOOR UNIT OF THE AIR CONDITIONING AND PLACE IT
ON THE BRACKET, MAKING SURE THE SCREW HOLES ON THE BRACKET
AND THE AIR CONDITIONING UNIT MATCH. SECURE THE AIR
CONDITIONING UNIT WITH THE BRACKET.

7. CONNECTING THE WIRES

REMOVE THE COVER FROM THE ELECTRICAL PORTS. CONNECT THE
POWER CABLE TO THE OUTDOOR UNIT ACCORDING TO THE AIR
CONDITIONING UNIT'S CONNECTION DIAGRAM. TO AVOID DAMAGE,
CONNECT THE WIRES ACCORDING TO THE MANUFACTURER'S
INSTRUCTIONS.

8. CONNECTING THE COPPER PIPES
USE THE VACUUM PUMP TO CLEAN THE COPPER PIPES BEFORE
CONNECTING THEM. CONNECT THE COPPER PIPES TO THE
CORRESPONDING PIPE PORT USING FLARE NUTS. CHECK THAT THE
FLARE NUTS ARE SECURELY FASTENED. NOW TURN ON BOTH GAS
VALVES. THE AIR CONDITIONING IS NOW OPERATIONAL!

36

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

BENEFITS

1. INDOOR AIR QUALITY 2. ENERGY CONSERVATION

ACCORDING TO THE EPA, INDOOR AIR ALTHOUGH THE INITIAL COST OF AN HVAC
QUALITY IS TWO TO FIVE TIMES WORSE SYSTEM IS HIGHER THAN THAT OF A
THAN OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY, DUE MAINLY TYPICAL GAS FURNACE, THE LONG-TERM
TO CONGESTED AIR FLOW. BECAUSE OF THE ENERGY SAVINGS ARE NOTICEABLE MONTH
POLLUTED AIR IN YOUR HOME, COLDS CAN AFTER MONTH. THE HVAC SYSTEM
LAST LONGER AND ALLERGIES CAN BE MORE COMBINES HEATING AND COOLING INTO A
SEVERE. AN HVAC SYSTEM CAN IMPROVE AIR SINGLE UNIT. THIS ALONE SAVES
QUALITY BY CONSTANTLY EXCHANGING CONSTRUCTION SPACE, INSTALLATION TIME
INDOOR AIR FOR FRESH, OUTDOOR AIR THAT AND FEES, AND POWER CONSUMPTION.
IS ALSO FILTERED FOR MAXIMUM QUALITY. RENEWABLE ENERGY IS ALSO USED TO
POWER THE SYSTEM, WHICH IS SOMETIMES
IN THE FORM OF SOLAR PANELS. ENERGY
CONSERVATION IS ENHANCED BECAUSE THE
COOLANT IS NOT CHLORINE-BASED, WHICH
DEPLETES THE OZONE LAYER.

What are the benefits of
HVAC system?

3. MOISTURE CONSISTENCY 4. HEATING AND COOLING A LARGE SPACE

BECAUSE AIR INSIDE THE HOME DOES IT CAN COOL AND HEAT A LARGE
NOT CIRCULATE PROPERLY AND IS SPACE IN AN AREA. AIR CONDITIONING
RARELY EXCHANGED WITH COOLER,
DRIER AIR OUTSIDE WHEN APPLICABLE, PROVIDE COMFORT TO THE
MOULD AND MILDEW CAN EASILY GROW OCCUPANTS, WHICH CONCLUDE TO
INSIDE WALLS AND BENEATH FLOORS.
THE HVAC SYSTEM CONSTANTLY PULLS MORE PRODUCTIVITY AMONG THE
WARM, MOIST AIR OUT AND SENDS DRY, USER.
COOL AIR INSIDE IN AN EXCHANGE TO
REDUCE THE CHANCES OF MOULD
GROWTH, WHICH ALSO CAUSES HEALTH
CONCERNS AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
OVER TIME.

37

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

PROBLEMS

1. INSTALLATION

THE HVAC SYSTEM IS NOT EASY TO INSTALL.
A PROFESSIONAL IS REQUIRED TO SAFELY
AND CORRECTLY INSTALL THE HVAC

SYSTEM SO THAT IT FUNCTIONS PROPERLY.

What are the problems of
HVAC system?

2. MAINTENANCE

THE HVAC SYSTEM REQUIRES REGULAR
MAINTENANCE. AS A RESULT, THE MONTHLY

COST OF THE BUILDING IS INCREASED.

38

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

SPACE IMPLICATION & BUILDING REGULATION

HVAC SYSTEMS NOT ONLY IMPROVE COMFORT, BUT THEY ALSO MAXIMISE SPACE
UTILISATION AND IMPROVE INDOOR AIR QUALITY BY REMOVING UP TO 80% OF
BIOAEROSOLS.

LOCATION WEIGHT

MOST BUILDINGS' HVAC SYSTEM ARE MOST BUILDINGS WILL HAVE A
LOCATED AT THE ROOF OF THE COMMERCIAL HVAC SYSTEM THAT
BUILDING AND ARE DISTRIBUTED BY THE RANGES FROM 2 TO 30 TONNES.
DUCTS
SYSTEM

BUILDING REGULATION

BASED ON MALAYSIAN STANDARD 1525:2007,

LOAD CALCULATION TEMPERATURE CONTROL

COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN LOADS FOR THE EACH SYSTEM SHOULD BE PROVIDED
PURPOSE OF SIZING SYSTEMS AND WITH AT LEAST ONE THERMOSTAT FOR
EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE DETERMINED IN THE REGULATION OF TEMPERATURE.
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURES EACH THERMOSTAT SHOULD BE
DESCRIBED IN THE LATEST EDITION OF CAPABLE OF BEING SET BY
THE ASHRAE HANDBOOK, OR OTHER ADJUSTMENT OR SELECTION OF
EQUIVALENT PUBLICATIONS SENSORS OVER A MINIMUM RANGE OF
BETWEEN 22 C TO 27 C. MULTI-STAGE
VENTILATION THERMOSTAT SHOULD BE PROVIDED
FOR EQUIPMENT EXCEEDING 35/65KWR
OUTDOOR AIR-VENTILATION RATES IN CONJUCTION WITH 8.2.4.

SHOULD COMPLY WITH THIRD SCHEDULE

(BY LAW 41) ARTICLE 12(1) OF UNIFORM

BUILDING BY LAWS, 1984

39

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

CASE STUDY
MENARA TELEKOM MALAYSIA BERHAD

MENARA TELEKOM MALAYSIA PROPERTY DETAILS
BERHAD
NAME: TELEKOM TOWER
TELEKOM TOWER, ALSO KNOWN AS TM ADDRESS: LEVEL 51, NORTH WING,
TOWER ,SUPERTALL SKYSCRAPER IN MENARA TM, JALAN PANTAI
KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA. IT IS BAHARU, 50672 KUALA
MALAYSIA'S FIFTH TALLEST BUILDING, LUMPUR,MALAYSIA
AND IS SHAPED TO REPRESENT A DEVELOPER: DEAWOO
SPROUTING "BAMBOO SHOOT". IT IS CONSTRUCTION
LOCATED ALONG THE FEDERAL COMPLETION DATE: 2001
HIGHWAY, SPRINT EXPRESSWAY AND BUILT-UP:
JALAN PANTAI BAHARU AND IS SERVED GROSS AREA: 2,761,045.28 SQ FT
BY THE RAPID KL KERINCHI LRT NO. OF STOREY: 55, 310 METER
STATION.

40

6.0 HVAC SYSTEM

CASE STUDY
MENARA TELEKOM MALAYSIA BERHAD

FOR THE HVAC SYSTEM, WE CHOOSE MENARA

TELEKOM MALAYSIA BERHAD AS OUR CASE

STUDY. THE HVAC SYSTEM ARE AS FOLLOWS:

AIR CONDITION TO T
YPICAL FLOORS IS BY

UNDERFLOOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

EXTERNAL FRESH AIR IS COOLED BEFORE
SUPPLYING TO THE UNDER SUPPLY UNIT
AT EACH ZONE

CONTINUOUS EXTRACT FANS ARE
PROVIDED FOR EACH WING

VENTILATION ARRANGEMENT PREVENTS
RECIRCULATION OF ROOM AIR WITHOUT
SUPPLEMENT OF EXTERNAL FRESH AIR

EMCS IS ABLE TO MONITOR AND CONTROL
15 CHILLED WATER PUMP, MORE THAN
500 UNITS USU, FCU,AHU, MORE THAN
1000 VENTILATION FANS ACCORDING TO
PRE-PROGRAMMED SCHEDULE FROM BCR

41

CONCLUSION

IN CONCLUSION, FROM THIS REPORT WE LEARN THAT
A  SMART BUILDING GENERATES ITS OWN USAGE DATA.
USUALLY VIA IOT. (IOT). NETWORKED IOT SENSORS CONVERT
WORKPLACE ACTIVITY INTO DIGITAL DATA THAT FACILITY
MANAGERS MAY UTILISE TO GET INSIGHTS. A PRESSURE
SENSOR ON A CONFERENCE ROOM'S FLOOR MAY INDICATE
OCCUPANCY. 

BESIDES, WE KNOW SMART BUILDING OPERATE ON SCALE.
FEW SENSORS CAN OFFER FACILITY DATA. SOMETIMES, IOT
DEVICES GIVE A COMPREHENSIVE DIGITAL IMAGE OF
FACILITIES. A SMART BUILDING'S OBJECTIVE IS TO DELIVER
DIGITAL DATA ON ITS PHYSICAL APPLICATION AND EVENTS.

NEXT, FROM THIS REPORT  SMART BUILDING ALLOW ENERGY
EFFICIENCY. SMART BUILDINGS SIMPLIFY GREEN PROJECTS
VIA AUTOMATION AND BUILDING ANALYTICS. LOWER ENERGY
EXPENDITURES BENEFIT COMPANIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT,
WHETHER THROUGH MOTION-SENSITIVE LIGHTING OR
SENSOR-CONTROLLED HVAC. COST SAVINGS.  SMART
BUILDING ANALYTICS SHOULD LEAD TO IMPROVED DECISION-
MAKING AND COST SAVINGS. 
.
LAST BUT NOT LEAST DATA-

GENERATING DEVICES POWER

SMART BUILDINGS' ADVANTAGES.

UNDERSTANDING HOW PEOPLE

UTILISE FACILITIES IS SIMPLER WITH

DATA. IT'S SIMPLER TO MAINTAIN

FACILITIES WHEN YOU KNOW THEM.

REFERENCES ALIYU, A. A., & MAMMADI, A. (2015). PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH ELEVATORS IN HIGH-RISE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN
NORTH-WESTERN STATE CAPITALS OF NIGERIA. JOURNAL OF
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND POLICY, 5(12), 62-70.
RETRIEVED FROM WWW.IISTE.ORG

BENEFITS OF SPRINKLERS. (N.D.). ROYAL BERKSHIRE FIRE
AND RESCUE SERVICE. RETRIEVED JUNE 28, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.RBFRS.CO.UK/YOUR-SAFETY/SAFETY-AT-
WORK/SPRINKLERS/

BUILDING REGULATIONS AND FIRE SPRINKLERS. (N.D.).

ULTRASAFE FIRE SUPPRESSION. RETRIEVED JUNE 28, 2022,

FROM HTTPS://WWW.ULTRASAFE.ORG.UK/WP-

CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/10/BUILDING-REGULATIONS-AND-

FIRE-SPRINKLERS-V2.PDF

CHE, W. W., TSO, C. Y., SUN, L., IP, D. Y., LEE, H., CHAO, C. Y., &
LAU, A. K. (2019). ENERGY CONSUMPTION, INDOOR THERMAL
COMFORT AND AIR QUALITY IN A COMMERCIAL OFFICE WITH
RETROFITTED HEAT, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
(HVAC) SYSTEM. ENERGY AND BUILDINGS, 201, 202-215.

COMMISSION, M. C. (2022). GUIDELINE ON THE PROVISION OF

WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK. MALAYSIAN

COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMISSION.

RETRIEVED FROM

HTTPS://WWW.MCMC.GOV.MY/SKMMGOVMY/MEDIA/GENERA

L/PDF/GUIDELINE_WIRELESSLAN.PDF

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO
KNOW - AITO. (N.D.). AITO FIREWORK. RETRIEVED JUNE 28,
2022, FROM HTTPS://AITO.COM.MY/FIRE-PROTECTION-
SYSTEM-2/

GEIER, J. (2021). WIRELESS LAN INSTALLATION STEPS.
TUTORIALS. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.WI-
FIPLANET.COM/WIRELESS-LAN-INSTALLATION-STEPS/

OGUNJIMI, A. (2021). ROLE OF TELECOMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY IN A FIRM. CHRON. RETRIEVED FROM
HTTPS://SMALLBUSINESS.CHRON.COM/ROLE-
TELECOMMUNICATION-TECHNOLOGY-FIRM-14094.HTML

PRASANNA. (2022). WIRELESS NETWORK ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES | ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF

WIRELESS NETWORK COMMUNICATION. A PLUS TOPPER.

RETRIEVED FROM

HTTPS://WWW.APLUSTOPPER.COM/WIRELESS-NETWORK-

ADVANTAGES-AND-DISADVANTAGES/

SERALE, G., FIORENTINI, M., CAPOZZOLI, A., BERNARDINI, D., &
BEMPORAD, A. (2018). MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL (MPC)
FOR ENHANCING BUILDING AND HVAC SYSTEM ENERGY
EFFICIENCY: PROBLEM FORMULATION, APPLICATIONS AND
OPPORTUNITIES. ENERGIES, 11(3), 631.

TECHOPEDIA. (2017). TELECOMMUNICATIONS. TECHOPEDIA.

RETRIEVED FROM

HTTPS://WWW.TECHOPEDIA.COM/DEFINITION/5570/TELECO

MMUNICATIONS

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)