Unit 4 : Collective Bargaining, labout rights and Protection

myF 04:
$l;L Nguk;NgRjy;> njhopy; cupik kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;G

fyhepjp ,uh. uNk~;> murpay; tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw>
Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

myF 04: $l;L Nguk;NgRjy;> njhopy; cupik kw;Wk; ghJfhgG;

1. rq;fk; mikf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; (Freedom of Association)

rq;fk; mikg;gjw;fhd xd;W $Ltjw;fhd Rje;jpukhdJ mbg;gil cupikahf
[dehaf r%fj;jpy; Vw;Wf;nfhss; g;gl;ls;sJ. cyfyhtpaujP papy; rq;fk; mikf;Fk;
cupikahdJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhf mike;Jss; J. ,e;j rq;fk; mikf;Fk;
cupik If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; gpufldj;jpd; cWg;Giu 5 ,y;
cWjpg;gLj;Jgg; l;L Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glL; s;sJld; 1978 Mk; mz;L vkJ ,uzl; hk;
FbauR murpay; mikg;gpd; 14k; cWg;Giuapd; (<) gpuptpy; njhopw;rq;fk;
mikg;gjw;Fk; mjpy; Nrue; ;Jf;nfhst; jw;FKs;s cupik css; lf;fg;gl;L
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vdNt> njhopyhsu;fs; jkJ njhopy; rhu; cupikfis ghJfhj;J njhopy; juj;ij
cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhss; Tk; rq;fk; mikf;Fk; cupik cWJiz Gupfpdw; J. ,r; rq;fk;
mikf;Fk; Rje;jpuj;ij rut; njr njhopy; jhgdj;jpd; 87 k; ,yf;f rq;fk; mikf;Fk;
kw;Wk; xUq;fikg;gjw;fhd cupikia ghJfhf;Fk; khehl;bd; cWGiu 2
cWjpg;gLjjpAs;sJ.

2. Cjpaj;jpw;fhd cupik (Right to Wage)

,yq;ifapy; njhopyhsu;fs; Cjpak; ngWk; cupikahdJ rl;luPjpahf
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd;gb

 1941 Mk; MzL; 27 Mk; ,yf;f Cjpa thupaq;fs; fll; is rl;lk;
 2016 Mk; Mz;L 3 Mk; ,yf;f njhopyhsu;fspd; Fiwe;j gl;r rk;gsk;

njhlu;ghd Njrpa rl;lk;

Nghdw; rl;lq;fs; njhopyhsu;fspd; Cjpak; ngWk; cupikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy;
Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wd.

1941 Mk; Mz;L 27 Mk; ,yf;f Cjpa thupaq;fs; fll; is rl;lj;jpd; gpupT 2d; gb
njhopyhsu;fspd; CjpakhdJ njhopy; jUduhy; Neubahf njhopyhsUf;Nf
toq;fg;gl NtzL; k;. mj;NjhL rl;luPjpahf mjpfhukspff; g;gl;l fopTfs; md;wp
njhopyhsupd; Cjpaj;jpy; fopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl $lhJ.

NkYk;> njhopyhsu;fSf;F Cjpak; toq;Fk; fhyk; xU khjj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;glyhfhJ.
mtu;fs; nra;Ak; njhopYf;Nfw;w Cjpak; Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;Fs; toq;fg;gl NtzL; k;.

 rk;gsk; thuj;jpw;F xU Kiw toq;fgg; Ltjhapd; xU thu fhyk; Kbe;J
NkYk; 3 ehl;fSf;Fs; toq;fg;gl NtzL; k;.

 rk;gsk; ,uzL; thuj;jpw;F xU Kiw toq;f;gLtjhapd; ,U thuq;fs; Kbe;J
NkYk; 5 ehl;fSf;Fs; Cjpak; toq;f;fg;gl NtzL; k;.

 rk;gsk; ,uzL; thuj;jpw;F gpdd; u; toq;f;gLtjhapd; Fwpj;j fhyk; Kbe;J
NkYk; 10 ehl;fSf;Fs; Cjpak; toq;f;fg;gl NtzL; k;.

2016 Mk; Mz;L 3 Mk; ,yf;f njhopyhsu;fspd; Fiwe;j gl;r rk;gsk; njhlu;ghd
Njrpa rl;lj;jpd; gpupT 3d; gb xU njhopyhsu; mYtyfj;jpNyh my;yJ vq;F
gzpGupe;jhYk; mt;thspd; Cjpaj;jpy; midj;J fopTfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L

Fiwe;j gl;r rk;gsk; 10>000.00 &gh toq;fg;gl NtzL; k; vd Vw;ghL

nra;ag;gl;ls;sJ. mjid tpl Fiwthd khj rk;gsk; toq;fg;gl KbahJ. mj;NjhL

ehw; $ypfF; Ntiy nra;gtu;fnydpy; xU ehisf;F Fiwe;j gl;rk; 400 &gh

toq;fg;gl NtzL; k;. ,jd; %yk; njhopyhsp vd;w tifapy; xU epahakhd Fiwe;j

gl;r rkgsk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,r;rl;lj;jpd; gb njhopy; jUduhy; vtNuDk; njhopyhspapd; Fiwe;j gl;r khjhe;j
rk;gsk; my;yJ ehw; rk;gsk; toq;fg;glhky; ,Ug;gpd; Mizahsu; ehafk; mjid
tprhuiz nra;J Fwpj;j rk;gsj; njhifia itg;gpypl Nfhup njhopy; jUdUf;F
mwptpf;fyhk;. Mjd; gpdd; u; njhopy; jUdu; Fwpj;j njhifia itg;gpypl kWj;jhy;
my;yJ Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; Kd; Njhd;w kWj;jhy; clNd Mizahsu; mjid
mjpfhu vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l ejP thd; ejP pkd;wpw;F Mw;WgLj;Jthu;.

mjpy; Njhdw; p njhopy; jUdu; Fwpjj; Cjpaj;ij nrYj;jhikf;F rhjhuz fhuzk;
Kd;itf;fhj gl;rj;jpy; my;yJ ePjthd; ePjpkd;w fll; isia kPwpdhy; Fiwe;j gl;r
khj rk;gsj;ij toq;f jtwpa njhopy; jUdUf;F Fw;wtpay; jz;liz
rl;lNfhitapd; 291 gpuptpd; fPo; jzb; ff; g;gLthu;. mjd;gb> Fw;wthspahf fUjg;gl;l
njhopy; jUdUf;F 25000 &ghtpw;F Nkw;glhj jzl; gg; zk; my;yJ MW khjj;jpw;F
Nkw;glhj rpiwjzl; izAk; tpjpf;f ePjthd; ejP pkd;wpw;F mjpfhuk; cz;L.

3. njhopy; Mizahsu; (Labour Commissioner)

,yq;ifapy; ifj;njhopy; njhlu;ghf Ntiy jUdUf;Fk; njhopyhspf;Fk; Vw;gLk;
gpzf;Ffis rkhjhdkhd Kiwapy; jPu;f;Fk; Nehff; py; gy;NtW mk;rq;fis
css; lf;fpajhf 1950 Mk; Mz;L 43k; ,yf;f ifj;njhopy; gpzf;Ffs; rl;lk;
cUthff; g;gl;lJ. mr;rl;lj;jpd; gb njhopy; gpzf;Ffs; njhlu;gpy; Kf;fpa gq;fpid
njhopy; Mizahsu; tfpff; pdw; hu;. vdNt njhopy; Mizahsu; vdgtu; ahu?; mtupd;
gzpfs; flikfs; vd;gtw;iw njupe;J nfhst; jd; %yk; njhopy; jUdu; kw;Wk;
njhopyhsu;fs; njhopy; gpzf;Ffis rkhjhd Kiwapy; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

njhopy; Mizahsupd; flikfs; (Functions of the Commissioner)

 ifj;njhopy; gpzf;Ffs; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp ,uzL; gpupT 2 (S2) njhopy;
Mizahsu; njhlu;gpy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

 njhopy; Mizahsu; VNjDk; njhopy; gpzf;F njhlu;gpy; mwptpg;G
fpilff; g;ngw;wJk; my;yJ njhopy; gpzf;F ,lk;ngw;Ws;sjhf my;yJ ,lk;ngw
css; ik njhlu;gpy; rhd;Wfs; ,Ug;gpd; cldbahf mj;jifa gpzf;fpid
rkhjhdkhd Kiwapy; jPu;j;J itf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ifj;njhopy; gpzf;F rl;lj;jpd;
Vw;ghLfSf;fikthfNth my;yJ NtW nghWj;jkhd topKiwfspd; Clhf
tprhuiz nra;tjw;F mtrpakhdnjd fUJk; Vida eltbfi; ffis
Nkw;nfhs;s mjpfhuk; czL; .

 gpupT.3 (S3;)- njhopy; Mizahsu; VNjDk; njhopy; gpzf;F ,lk;ngw;Ws;sNghJ
my;yJ ,lk;ngw css; ik njhlu;gpy; jpUg;jpgl $ba rhd;Wfs; ,Ug;gpd;
a) Fwpj;j gpzf;fpiz jPu;f;Fk; Kiw njhlu;gpy; Fwpj;j epWtdj;jpd;
gpujpepjpfSf;Fk; njhopyhsu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; VNjDk; xg;ge;jk;
Vw;gl;bUg;gpd; mf;Fwpj;j xg;ge;jj;jpd; Vw;ghLfSf;F mikthf
gpzf;fpiz jPu;f;f Kw;glyhk;.

b) ey;ypzf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; gpzf;fpiz jPu;f;f Kaw;rpf;fyhk;.
c) vtNuDk; mjpfhuk; mspff; g;gl;l mYtsu; ,Ug;gpd; Fwpj;j gpzf;fpiz

ey;ypzf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; jPu;f;f mYtsUf;F Mw;Wg;gLj;jyhk;.
d) Fwpj;j gpzf;fpiz jPu;g;gJ njhlu;gpy; gpzff; pd; jug;gpduf; s; my;yJ

mtu;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; kj;jpa];j rigapD}lhf jPu;f;f tpUg;gk;
njuptpjj; ;pUg;gpd; ,Ujug;gpduhYk; my;yJ mtu;fspd; gpujpepfshy;
epakpf;fgg; l;l kj;jpa];jupdhy; my;yJ njhopy; Mizahsuhy;
epakpf;fgg; l;l kj;jpa];jupdhy; gpzf;fpiz jPu;f;f eltbfi; f vLj;jy;.

 gpupT 3(2): Fwpj;j kj;jpa];j rigahdJ gpdt; UNthiu css; lf;fpajhf

,UfF; k;. my;yJ mtu;fshy;
a) njhopy; jUduhy; epakpf;fgg; Lk; xUtu; epakpf;fgg; Lk; xU
b) njhopyhsuhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; xUtu;
c) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ,U jug;gpduhYk; ,ize;J
epakpf;fg;glhj NghJ njhopy; Mizahsuhy;
jiytiuAk; nfhzb; Uf;Fk;.

rigapd; ngUk;ghdi; k vzz; pf;ifapd; KbT rigapd; Kbthf fUjg;gLk;.

4. njhopy; epaha rigfs; (Labour Tribunals)

 ifj;njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp 4A apd; gpupT 31A,B,C,D Mfpa gpupTfs; njhopy;
epaha rigfs; njhlu;gpy; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

 gupT 31A (1):- mikr;ruhy; epakpf;fgg; Lk; vzz; pf;ifapyhd njhopy; epaha
rigfs; cUthff; g;gLk;. njhopy; epaha rigfs; xUtiu nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
mj;NjhL nrayhsu; xUtiuAk; nfhzb; Uf;Fk;.

 31B(1): njhopy; epaha rigf;F ahu; KiwghL nra;ayhk;?
xU njhopyhsp jhkhf my;yJ jd; rhu;ghf jhd; mq;fk; tfpfF; k; njhopw; rq;fk;
vOj;J %ykhf njhopy; epaha rigf;F tpzz; g;gpff; yhk;.

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fSf;fhf njhopy; epaha rigf;F tpz;zg;gpff; yhk;

a) njhopy; jUduhy; njhopyhspapd; Ntiy KbTWj;jg;gl;lhy;
b) njhopy; KbTWj;jg;gl;ljd; gpd; njhopy; jUduhy; njhopyhsUf;F toq;fg;gl

Ntzb; a gzpf;nfhil my;yJ NtW rYiffs; njhlu;ghd gpzf;Ffs;
njhlu;gpy; tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;
c) njhopy; xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; njhopy; epge;jidfspy; Vw;gLk; VNjDk; gpzf;Ffs;
njhlu;gpy; Kiwaplyhk;.
 gupT 31A (2)A:-ePjpj;Jiw mikr;rupdhy; njhopy; mikr;rpd; mDkjpAld; njhopy;
epaha rigf;F tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; Kiw kw;Wk; gpdg; w;wNtzb; a eilKiwfs;
jPu;khdpf;fgg; Lk;.
 gupT 31A (3):- njhopy; epaha rigf;F Kd;itf;fg;glL; s;s tpz;zg;gj;Jld;
njhlghd gpzf;F njhlu;gpy; NtW VNjDk; tprhuiz Vw;fdNt njhopy; epaha
rigapy; epYitapy; ,Ug;gpd; my;yJ NtW rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tprhuizapy;
,Ug;gpd; Fwpj;j tof;F my;yJ tprhuiz KbAk; tiu njhopy; epaha rig
mjd; Kd; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;l tpz;zg;gk; njhlu;ghd tprhuizia xj;jpitf;f
Ntzl; hk;. mj;NjhL mf; Fwpj;j tof;fpd; jPu;g;G toq;fg;gll; jd; gpd; mjid
fUj;jpw;nfhz;Nl jkJ tprhuizia Kd;ndLf;f NtzL; k;.

 gupT 31A (4):- njhopy; epaha rigfs; jk; Kd; rku;gpf;fg;gLk; tpz;zg;gk;
njhlu;gpy; tprhuiz nra;J njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fis fUj;jpw; nfhs;shJ
nghWj;jkhd jPu;g;ig toq;f mjpfhuk; cz;L.

 gupT 31A (5):- njhopy; epaha rigapy; jPu;f;fg;gl;l tpz;zg;gk; njhlu;gpy; kPz;Lk;
njhopy; epaha rigf;F tpz;zg;gpf;f KbahJ.

 gupT 31A (6):- njhopy; jUdu; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J ePf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; $l
a) tpz;zg;gj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; mtu; njhopy; jUduhf
,Ue;jpUg;gpd; Fwpj;j tpz;zg;gj;ij njhopy; epaha rigfs; Vw;W
tprhupf;fyhk;
b) Fwpj;j njhopy; jUdu; gjtpapy; ,UfF; k;NghJ tpz;zg;gk;
nra;ag;gl;bUg;gpd; mtu; gjtpapy; ,UfF; k;NghNj tprhuiz Nkw;nfhzL;
jPu;g;G toq;fyhk;.
c) njhopy; epaha rig jkJ jPu;g;gpy; Fwpj;j njhopyhsp Nrit Gupe;jjhf
$wg;gl;l fhyj;jpw;F Cjpak; toq;FkhW my;yJ kPz;Lk; Nritapy;
mku;j;Jtjw;F khw;wPlhf el;l <L tq;FkhW my;yJ epYitapy; css;
gzpf;nfhilia toq;FkhW Nfhuyhk;.

 gupT 31A (7):- njhopy; epaha rigf;F Fwpj;j NtiyepWj;jk; kw;Wk; epfo;T
,lk;ngw;W MW khj fhyj;jpw;Fs; tpz;zg;gpf;fg;gl NtzL; k;.

31C: njhopy; epaha rigapd; flikfs; (Duties and Powers of a Labour Tribunal)

1. njhopy; epaha rigahdJ jkf;F tUk; tpz;zg;gq;fis tprhupj;J mtrpak;
vd fUJk; mizj;J tprhuizfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sTk;> Njitahd
rhl;rpfis tprhupf;fTk;> kw;Wk; tprhuiz Kbtpy; tpz;zg;g jpfjpapypUe;J
MW khj fhyj;jpw;fs; jPu;gpid toq;fTk; mjpfhuk; czL; .

gupT 31D

 njhopy; epaha rigapd; KbT ,WjpahdJ. Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;j KbahJ. mj;NjhL
njhopy; epaha rigapd; jPu;g;gpy; css; VNjDk; rl;l gpur;rpid njhlu;gpy;
mjpUg;jp milAk; jug;G (njhopyhsp my;yJ njhopw;rq;fk; my;yJ njhopy;
jUdu); vOj;J %ykhd kD xd;wpd; Clhf (Written Petition) kw;w jug;ig
kDtpy; gpujpthjpahf Fwpg;gpl;L (Respondents) murpay; mikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 154P
fPo; cUthff; g;gl;l Fwpj;j njhopy; epaha rig mike;Jss; khfhz Nky; ePjp
kd;wpy; Nkd; KiwaPL nra;ayhk;.

 mizj;J njhopy; jUduf; Sk; Nkd; KiwaPL (Appeal) my;yJ jpUj;jk;
(Revision) Mfpa ,U topfspy; cau; ePjpkd;iw ehlyhk;.

 njhopy; epaha rigapd; jPu;g;gpw;F vjpuhf jilaPl;L vOj;jhiz(Writ of Prohibition)
cWjpNfs; vOj;jhiz (Writ of Certiorari), MizaPl;nlOj;jhiz (Writ of
procedendo) Nkw;nry; vd;Dk; vOj;jhiz (Writ of Mandamus), Nfhuyhk;.

 njhopy; jUdu; njhopy; epaha rigapd; jPu;g;gpw;f vjpuhf Nkd; KiwaPL
nra;Ak;NghJ njhopy; epaha rigahy; nrYj;jg;gl NtzL; k; vd Nfhupa gzk;
njhlu;gpy; KiwghL nra;jhy; Fwpj;j njhiff;F rkkhd njhifia itg;gpypl
NtzL; k;. mtt; hNu kPs njhopyhsiu Nritf;F mku;j;JtJ njhlug; hd jPu;g;gpw;F
vjpuhf njhopy; jUdu; Nkd; KiwaPL nra;jhy; 12 khj rkkhd rk;gsj;ij
njhopy; jUdu; itg;gpypl NtzL; k;. ehw;rkgsk; ngWgtUf;F vjpuhd KiwghL
vdpy; 24 rkkhd ehw; rk;gsj;ij itg;gpypl NtzL; k;.

 njhopu; epaha rigapd; jiytu; mj;jifa gzj;ij mq;fPfupf;fg;gll; tq;fp
fzff; py; itg;gpypl fll; isaplyhk;.

 Njhopy; epaha rigapypUe;J Nky; ePjpkd;wpw;F nra;Ak; Nkd; KiwaPl;L
kDthdJ epuhfupf;fgg; lhj 5 &gh ngWkjpahd Kj;jpiu xll; g;gl;L> gpiz gzk;
itg;gpylg;gl;ljhf cWjpg;gLj;Jk; njhopy; epaha rig jiytuhy; toq;fg;gLk;
rhd;wpjiy kDTld; ,izj;J jPu;g;G jpfjpapypUe;J 30 ehl;fSf;Fs; (QhapW
kw;Wk; Nghah jpdk; fzf;fpy; cs;slf;fg;gl khl;lhJ) rku;g;gpf;f NtzL; k;.

gupT 31DD

Nky; ePjpkd;wpy; toq;fg;gll; jPu;g;gpy; mjpug; ;jp mile;j jug;G cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F
KiwaPL nra;ayhk;. cau; ePjpkd;wk; Fwpj;j jPu;g;ig Vw;W cWjpg;gLj;j my;yJ
epuhfupf;f> khw;wk; nra;a mjpfhuk; cz;L. mj;NjhL njhopy; epaha rigf;F Fwpj;j
tof;if kPzL; k; Muk;gj;jpypUe;J tprhuiz nra;a my;yJ Gjpa kw;Wk; Nkyjpf
rhl;rpfis tprhuiz nra;AkhW fll; isaplyhk;.

gupT 31DDD

a) Nky; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jPu;g;G toq;fg;gll; jd; gpd; njhopy; jUdu; cau;
ePjpkd;wpw;F KiwaPL nra;ahjNghJ njhopy; jUduhy; itg;gpyplg;gl;l gpiz
gzk; njhopyhsUf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

b) njhopyhsp Fwpj;j jPu;g;gpw;F vjpuhf Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;Fs; cau; ePjpkd;wpw;F
kD nra;atpy;iy vd;why; Fwpj;j gpiz gzk; njhopy; jUdUf;F
toq;fg;gLk;.

c) Nky; ePjp kd;w jPu;g;ghy; njhopy; epaha rigapd; jPu;g;G jpUj;jg;gl;lhy;
my;yJ khw;wg;gl;lhy; mjw;Nfw;g gpiz gzk; njhopyhspfF; k; kpFjp gzk;
njhopy; jUdUf;Fk; toq;fg;gLk;.

5. njhopy; jpizf;fsk;/Jiw (Department of Labour)

 1923 Mk; mz;L 1k; ,yf;f ,e;jpa Gyk;ngau; njhopyhsu; fl;lis rl;lj;jpdhy;
,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J ,yq;iff;F te;j Njhl;l njhopyhsu;fSf;F eyd;Gup
Nritfis toq;Fk; Nehff; py; njhopy; Jiw my;yJ njhopy; jpizf;fsk;
cUthff; g;gl;lJ.

 gpdd; u; me;j gzpahdJ njhopy; flL; g;ghl;lhsu; (Labour Controller) f;F
khw;wg;gl;L 1994 Mk; MzL njhopy; MizahsUf;F nghWg;ghf;fg;gll; J.

 fle;j 94 Mz;Lfshf 50w;F Nkw;gl;l njhopyhsu; eyd; rhu; rl;lq;fs;
cUthff; g;gl;Ls;sd. me;jtifapy;> ,e;j njhopy; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gpujhd
flik NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l njhopy; rhu; rl;lq;fis rpwe;j Kiwapy; mKyhf;fk;
nra;tjhFk;.

njhopy; jpizfsj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs;

 ehl;by; njhopy; rl;lq;fis cupa Kiwapy; eilKiwg;gLj;jp njhopy;
gpzf;Ffis rkhjhd Kiwapy; jPu;j;J ifj;njhopy; rkhjhdj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jjy;.

 njhopyhsu; r%fj;jpy; njhopy; rl;lq;fs; njhlu;gpyhd tpopg;gzui; t
Vw;gLj;JtjD}lhf ifj;njhopy; rkhjhdj;ij Vw;gLj;jy;.

 Gjpa njhopy; juk; njhlu;gpy; fzpg;gPLfis nkw;nfhzL; rut; Njr juj;jpw;F
njhopy; juj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jy;.

 njhopyhsu; Nrkyhg epjpaj;jpdhy; njhopyhsu;fSf;F fpilff; g;ngw
Ntzb; a rYiffis cupa Kiwapy; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f top nra;jy; kw;Wk;
mjd; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;ghu;it nra;jy;.

 njhopy; Jiwapy; rpWtu; njhopyhsu;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fs; ,isQu;
Atjpfspd; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd rll; q;fis mKyhf;fy;.

 ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy; njhopyhsu;fspd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;
njhlu;gpy; Gjpa mZFKiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;.

6. Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; ghypay; J];gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly; (Exploitation
and Sexual Harassment at Work Place )

,d;W cyfyhtpa ujP papy; Ntiy jsj;jpy; ghypay; J]g; puNahfk; kw;Wk; Ruzl; y;
vd;gJ ghupa r%f nghUshjhu gpur;rpidahf fhzg;gLfpdw; J. ghypay;
J]g; puNahfk; vd;gjw;F tiutpyf;fzq;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gpDk; nghJthf
gpdt; Uk; nraw;ghLfis Fwpg;gplyhk;.

 Kiwaw;w tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhd clypay; njhLif (Unwelcomed psychical
Contact)

 xUtUf;F mrsfupaj;ij Vw;gLj;j$ba ghypay; uPjpahd thu;j;ij gpuNahfk;
 xOq;fPdkhd eifrR; it kw;Wk; Mghrkhd irif kw;Wk; clyirT
 Mghrkhdtw;iw fhz;gpj;jy;
 ghypay; ,yQ;rk; ngw tw;GWj;jy;
 ghypay; Jd;GWj;jYld; njhlu;ghd tha;nkhop %ykhd eltbfi; f.

ghypay; JdG; Wj;jy; kw;Wk; J]g; puNahfk; Mz;fshy; ngz;fSf;Fk; mNj Nghy;
Mz;fSf;Fk; Vwg;lyhk;. ,yq;ifapd; jzl; izr; rl;lf; Nfhitapd; gpupT 365A

kw;Wk; 365 B ,J njhlu;ghd Fw;wk; kw;Wk; Fw;wj;jpw;fhd jzl; izia
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; ghypay; ujP pahd JdG; Wj;jy; kw;Wk; ghy; uPjpahd
ghugl;rq;fis xopg;gjw;fhd murpay; mikg;gpYk; kw;Wk; gy;NtW rl;lq;fspYk;
Vw;ghLfis nfhz;Ls;sJ. mtw;iw gpdt; UkhW Fwpg;gplyhk;>

 1978 Mk; Mz;L 2k; FbauR murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 11 Ms; vtUk;

rpj;jputijf;F nfhLukhd> kdpjhgpkhdkw;w> ,opthd elj;ijf;F

cl;gLj;jg;glyhfhJ.

 1978 Mk; Mz;L 2k; FbauR murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 12 ,d> kj> nkhop>
rhjp> ghy; murpaw; nfhsi; f kw;Wk; gpwg;gplk; fhuzkhf Xuq;fl;lg;gl $lhJ
vd;fpd;wJ.

 mNjNghy>; Ml;rpj;Jiw my;yJ eput; hfj;Jiw eltbfi; fahy; Ntiy
jsj;jpy; xUtupd; mbg;gil cupik kPwg;gl;lhy; 1978 Mk; Mz;L 2k; FbauR

murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 17 kw;Wk; 126d; fpo; cau; ePjpkd;wpw;F mbg;gil
kdpj cupik kPwy; kD jhff; y; nra;J epthuzk; ngwyhk;.

 njhopy; GupAk; ,lj;jpy; ghypay; J]g; puNahfk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gll; hy;
Constructive Termination fPo; njhopy; epaha rigf;F tof;fpl KbAk;.

 NkYk;> ru;tNjr njhopy; jhgdj;jpd; xOf;f Nfhit (Code of Conduct)
midj;J njhopy; ,lq;fspYk; jkpo;> rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpy nkhopfspy;
nkhopg;ngau;ff; g;gl;L fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl NtzL; k; vd;w rll Vw;ghL
fhzg;gLfpdw; J.

 NkYk; ngzf; Sf;nfjpuhd vy;yh tifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk;
,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd rut; Njr rkthak;-1979> ifj;njhopy; gpzf;Ffs; rl;lk;>
1935 Mk; Mz;L 14 k; ,yf;f njhopw;rq;f fll; is rl;lk;> 1934 Mk; Mz;L
19k; ,yf;f njhopyhsu;fspd; el;l <L njhlu;ghd fll; is rl;lk; vdgd
NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; ghypay; J];gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; Ruzl; iy
ghJfhg;gjpy; gq;fspg;G nra;fpd;wd.