BQS 554

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING, AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM

BQS 554
ASSIGNMENT 1

GROUP 5

PREPARED BY: (2021615096)
1.SUFFI HAIQAL BIN FAIZAL (2021813674)
2.NUR ANISA BINTI MD SAHAR (2021832754)
3.FARIZ IZWAN BIN MOHD NAJIB (2021474804)
4.MUHAMMAD SYAHMI BIN A. MAJID (2021832858)
5.WAN NURUL 'IZZAH BINTI WAN MOHD
AMIN (2021867986)
6.MUHAMMAD MUHAIMIN BIN MOHD
REDZUAN AFFANDI

PREPARED FOR :
SIR ABDUL HADI AHAMAD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-2

2.0 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM 3-12

3.0 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM 13-25

4.0 TELECOMUNICATION SYSTEM 26-29

5.0 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION 30-45

6.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND 46-50

AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM


7.0 CONCLUSION 51-52

8.0 REFERENCES 53-55

01 INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

02 INTRODUCTION

Intelligent building as known as the smart building is one that provides a
productive and cost-effective environment through optimization of its four
basic elements which are structure, systems, services, and management.
Smart buildings help business owners, property managers, and occupants
to realize their goals in the areas of cost, comfort, convenience, safety,
long-term flexibility, and marketability.

In addition, the intelligent buildings can be remotely monitored, accessed,
or controlled using a mobile or other networked device, and provide
services that respond to the needs of their inhabitant’s users. A smart
building’s devices are connected via the internet, allowing the user to
handle features such as home security, temperature, lighting, and a home
theatre from afar (Adam Hayes,2022).

Pros and cost of smart building

Having a smart building might be everyone’s dream
because it gives many benefits to the homeowner
and make everything easier. This is because smart
building technology can reduce waste energy use
when it is not in use. Moreover, all the technologies
can be monitored using one device hence the owner
can get notifications and update on the issue in their
homes.

However, the smart building also has disadvantages
that are related to security risks and bugs when using
this technology. It has a risk of being hacked and
problem is that the owner can access their smart
door due to bugs. The smart building is also required
to have a strong connection to install those
technologies. Lastly, the cost of installing smart
technology is very expensive (Eric Rosenkranz,2021).

03 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

2.0 FIRE
PROTECTION

SYSTEM

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

04 APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

One of the systems that must be put on a new building is a fire prevention or fire protection
system. Its goal is to keep the building's temperature from rising to the point where it may
generate a huge fire, as well as to keep the fire from spreading to other areas. This device installed
on the building can safeguard and save the lives of the building's residents. Every fire prevention
system, including fire protection, must be installed in compliance with the building's legislation
and requirements. There are two types of fire protection systems, which is passive systems and
active systems.

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is a series of technologies that employ fire-resistant
proportionate walls or floors to partition a structure. The division of the structure into
smaller sections aids in the slowing or prevention of fire and smoke spread from one
area to the next. PFP helps to reduce the amount of damage to a structure and allows
its people more time to evacuate. Fire/smoke extinguishers, fire doors, and fire
walls/floors are examples of PFPs. Dampers are utilised to keep fire and smoke from
spreading throughout the building's ductwork. The building may be divided with the
use of fire doors. Buildings can be divided into divisions with the use of firestopping.
Exit route indicators with light assist highlight the road to safety.

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

In the case of a fire, Active Fire Protection (AFP) is a series of technologies that
require little input or movement to perform effectively. The action can be manual,
such as a fire extinguisher or automated, such as a sprinkler but it needs very little
activity in any case. Fire and smoke alarms, sprinkler systems, and fire
extinguishers, as well as firemen, are all included in AFP. The purpose of fire and
smoke alarm systems is to detect the presence of fire and/or smoke in a structure.
A sprinkler system is used to assist slow the spread of a fire and reduce the
temperature of the affected room. To assist put out the fire, firemen and fire
extinguishers are employed.

CASE STUDY

Based on a case study that has been made on the Mersing harbour
centre building found that the building uses a combination of fire
protection system that is passive and active. The building has started
operating in early 2018, so there are some of the latest fire control
systems in use on the building. For the type of active fire protection
system it uses a fire sprinkler system and addressable fire alarm. For
the type of passive fire protection, the building also uses fire rated
doors and fire rated industrial shutters doors.

05 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

BUILDING SERVICE FUNCTION & INSTALLATION

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Fire sprinkler system

A water sprinkler system is an automated device that not only detects the presence of a
fire, but also acts as an active fire protection system, extinguishing the fire in its early
stages without the need for human involvement, and keeping the fire under control until
the fire department comes. It includes of a permanent distribution piping system, a valve
station, and sprinkler heads that are securely linked to the distribution pipes in the
protected area. A water source is linked to a pipeline network with sprinkler heads. Water
rushes out of the sprinkler heads and sprays the area where the fire is present in the event
of a fire. Water extinguishes a fire, cools building structures and the surrounding region,
and evaporates fast at higher temperatures, displacing oxygen and creating an inert
environment that restricts the access of oxidants, such as air oxygen, which is required for
combustion.

How its work?

In most systems, automatic sprinklers are Only the automated sprinklers that are
heat activated rather than smoke exposed to certain temperatures will
activated, and they only operate one activate, which happens when the heat-
automatic sprinkler at a time. An sensitive glass bulb breaks as a result of
automated sprinkler is activated in most the heat. The water from the sprinkler
wet and dry pipe systems when the heat system will be discharged through the
exceeds fire-related temperatures, which automated sprinkler and will run down
are normally between 57 and 74 degrees and out over the fire, smothering it and
Celsius, depending on the system. preventing it from spreading and re-
igniting after the bulb breaks.

installation

Water sprinkler systems are usually
installed on the ceiling portion of the
building. This is because, to facilitate the
system is activated automatically due to
heat rising to the ceiling and at the same
time can level the spray of water on the
affected area. At the Mersing Harbour
Centre building, a sprinkler system is
placed on every lot of stalls, offices,
kitchens and indoor areas. So, in the event
of a fire, the progress of the fire can be
controlled thus extinguishing the fire.

06 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

BUILDING SERVICE FUNCTION & INSTALLATION

Addressable fire alarm

All fire and smoke detection units in an addressable fire alarm system are
connected and interact with one other as well as a central control monitoring site.
The control professionals can use this interconnectivity to pinpoint the place or
"address" where the original detection happened. The information allows the
emergency response team to focus their efforts on the exact location of the
emerging problem right away.

How its work? Installation

Every detection and notification device in The installation of an addressed alarm
an addressable fire alarm system is system is similar to a conventional alarm
connected to each other and to the installation in which each device such as a
addressable fire alarm control panel. In heat detector is placed on the coin side of
contrast to a traditional fire alarm system, the building. For example, heat detector
which uses electrical currents, an and smoke detector devices are placed at
addressable system delivers digital signals every booth and office lot in the Mersing
in binary code. Harbour Centre building. All such devices
are connected to one alarm control in the
control room.

07 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

BUILDING SERVICE FUNCTION & INSTALLATION

Fire rated door

A fire door is a door with a fire-resistance rating (also known as a fire protection rating
for closures) that is used as part of a passive fire protection system to prevent fire and
smoke from spreading between different compartments of a building and to allow safe
egress from a building, structure, or ship. Both the door leaf (the swinging panel of the
door) and the door frame must comply with the testing agency's criteria in order for the
product to be listed. The fire or smoke seals, door hardware, and the framework that
keeps the fire door assembly in place are all part of the door frame. These parts come
together to create a unit known as a "door set," which has a numerical rating for fire
resistance that is measured in minutes or hours. To ensure that the components of the
fire door assembly have been tested to fulfil the fire rating criteria, they must all have a
listing agency label.

How its work?

Fire doors are designed exceedingly thick with a
strong core to save lives and halt the spread of
fire in buildings. Fire doors delay the spread of a
fire, giving persons trapped within more time to
flee and a safer escape route. This is why, on the
stairs, you should double-check that any doors
leading there are fire doors. The two most
prevalent types of fire doors are those with an
Fire Door 30 rating and those with an Fire Door60
rating. When fitted according to instructions, the
FD30 fire-rated fire door provides at least 30
minutes of fire protection. The FD60 fire doors
provide fire protection for at least 60 minutes.
The FD60 door is 54mm thick and designed
primarily for commercial usage. The FD30 door
is 45mm thick and is perfect for residential
doors since 30 minutes is a long time to leave a
home.

Installation

the installation of fire resistance doors in the Mersing
Harbour Centre building is an obligation so that users
of the building can save themselves in the event of a
fire. fire resistance doors are installed on each office
lot in the building. This is because the office lot in the
building is at high risk of fire due to its proximity to
food stalls. So in the event of an emergency,
employees and users of the building were able to
save themselves and thus be able to save important
office documents.

08 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

BUILDING SERVICE FUNCTION & INSTALLATION

Fire-rated roller shutter door

A fire-rated roller shutter serves the same purpose as a set of flame-rated doors. It is
used as an alternative for compartment walls to generate a wide impression in bigger
fire wall openings, such as industries, sports complexes, mega malls, and air hangars.
The flame-resistant roller shutter may be up to 6.00m x 3.00m in dimension. When the
zone smoke detection system is engaged during a fire occurrence, the fire-rated roller
shutter is sometimes powered by a motor that turns off automatically. During fire mode
operation, a set of fireproof doors is combined with a fire-rated roller shutter to provide
evacuation pathways for customers and personnel. Panel shutters, in which parts of
insulated panels are dropped and piled on top of one other to form a compartment
barrier, are among the most recent fire shutter ideas. These are tough and durable, and
they may also act as a safety barrier. To prevent the spread of fire by radiation, any fire
shutters intended to be part of a compartment wall must meet insulation specifications.
By sheltering residents during escapes and firemen conducting search and rescue
operations in burning structures, fire roller/insulated panel shutters are a life safety
necessity. The newest version of Malaysian Standards, as well as appropriate regional or
international codes and standards, must be used to design and install to roller
shutters/fireproof panels.

How its work? Installation

Fire shutters, unlike other fire protection Large openings will facilitate the movement of

measures such as firewalls, only open fire to other places. At the Mersing Harbour

when a fire has been detected. This Centre building there are several large

implies that the installation of fire openings for access to users. So, fire rated roller

shutters has no effect on routine day- shutter is used in large opening area to prevent

to-day activities. In the case of a fire, fire progression in case of fire. They are

one of two procedures can be used to installed on each shop lot and main entrance.
activate the fire shutters. They may
either be linked into the building's fire
alarm system or have their own heat
detecting system installed. Shutters, on
the other hand, are not uncommon to
use both approaches. When the
shutters are triggered, some of them
will roll down by themselves, while
others will be controlled by a
motorised closing mechanism.

09 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

BENEFITS OF SYSTEM

EASY TO
This system is a low maintenance system
MAINTAIN because it does not require replacement of
spare parts every month or every year because
COST most fire prevention equipment is made of high
EFFECTIVE quality and it can last up to many years. It is only
necessary to be inspected periodically
LIFE
according to a set schedule.
SAVER
This system is cost effective because it can save property
EASY
and lives in a short time. By installing this system, property
OPERATION such as building structures, important documents,
valuables can be saved without suffering severe damage.
In addition, water spray from a very strong fire hose can
also damage property compared to the spray made by
this system. The expense of installing this system is more
effective than the expense of replacing badly damaged
items.

A strong, modern fire detection and alarm
system will be able to alert building occupants
when a fire is started and where it is situated
within the structure. It saves lives by announcing
crises to building inhabitants and allowing them
to flee.

Another of the benefits is that no human
interaction is necessary because the fire alarm
system uses sensors to detect smoke. Even if no
one is in the building, the system may indicate
that there is a fire without the need for human
monitoring. Because the fire is not as violent and
simple to control, firefighters may be less at
danger when putting out flames.

10 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

PROBLEM AND SOLUTION

PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS

Installation does not
Inspection by authorities such as fire officers and
follow the guidelines check the system whether it works properly or not
Install according to the correct guidelines based on
The alarm sounds during
the guidelines that have been issued by the
normal conditions authorities.

System does not work
A method to prevent a fire alarm from sounding

during a fire during normal conditions in a facility is to assess

the level of sensitivity of the system. Usually an

Neglect of periodic
overly sensitive system is a common cause of false

inspections alarm interference.

The system shall be regularly maintained,

inspected and tested for each of its functions. If

there is a problem with the system it must be

resolved immediately.
Replace damaged parts with new, high -quality

spare parts and re -test the system

Each detection, notification, or fire protection equipment
must be visually inspected on a regular basis to ensure that
everything is in working order. At the very least, this should
happen once a month.
In order to assess the extent of the equipment's
performance in an emergency, certified testers must enter
and test it.
The manufacturer of each component will require specific
maintenance to keep the various components of a fire
prevention system in excellent working order.

11 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

SPACE IMPLICATIONS

Fire sprinkler Addressable fire alarm

The sprinkler system installation space is similarly A wall -mounted addressable alarm system
focused in the ceiling area. The sprinkler head should be installed to ensure all residents can
must be set high on or near the ceiling since the hear it. Fire alarms should be audible and clear,
sprinkler is actuated by heat. To supply optimum allowing the safe transfer of the building to a
flow to the area that need it, the sprinkler head designated safe location. The designer of a fire
must be free of impediments. This implies it can't alarm system will evaluate whether a staged or
be blocked by the building's beams, trusses, staged evacuation is required based on the size
soffits, or other structural elements. The maximum of the structure. As a result, fire alarms do not
distance between two sprinklers is determined by interfere with electrical installations, which may
the sprinkler head's rating (usually 4.50 metre, but instead be powered by a mains power supply. In
there are other spacing distances, depending on the event of a power outage, the system switches
the manufacturer). Sprinklers should be to a backup power supply, which consists of a fire
separated by at least 1.80 metre. Furthermore, alarm battery and a generator system
because the sprinkler is tiny, it takes up little automatically.
space on the ceiling and does not obstruct the
installation of lighting.

Fire rated door Fire rated shutter door

Fire -rated doors are often used at exit locations Fire rated roller shutter door installation is the
such as the lobby, stairwell, showcase and exit to same as regular shutter door installation. It
comply with code standards and improve begins by hanging a bracket on the top of the
occupancy safety. In the Mersing Harbour Centre opening or on the top of the door or more
building, this door can be found at emergency fire precisely on the lintel of the door. Thereafter, the
exits and every lot of stalls and offices. This door shutter roller is mounted or hung on a bracket
installation is the same as a regular door that has been placed at the top of the opening
installation. It comes complete which is called a and fastened using nuts and bolts. Next, install
door set and continues to be installed on the the track on the left and right sides of the
building structure. All accessories on the door set opening using bolts and nuts on the wall surface.
are fire rated accessories. The fire rated doors After everything is done, the roller shutter cover is
used on the building are rated for one hour. placed on the bracket. This type of door is placed
on each stall lot and entrance to the Mersing
Harbour Centre building.

12 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Building regulations establish criteria for the design and construction of buildings in
order to protect the safety and health of those who live in or around them. It also
involves the requirement to preserve fuel and power while still providing facilities for
the general public, especially those with disabilities, to access and move around the
facility. This covers self-rescue methods, early warning systems, fire spread, and
access and facilities for fire and rescue services. Fire safety standards are typically
designed to limit the fire response of items and materials used in a variety of living
settings such as domestic houses, home appliances, furniture and electronics,
structures, and various forms of transportation

STANDARD USE

The Mersing Harbour Centre uses both active and
passive fire protection systems in the building for the
case study. The fire control system was developed in
accordance with the Malaysian Uniform Building By-
Laws 2006 (UBBL 2006). Part Vll of the Uniform
Building Code 2006 contains the UBBL specifications
for passive fire systems and for active fire systems,
must follow the criteria outlined in Part VIll of the
Uniform Building Code 2006.

UBBL 1998 PART VLLL (AVTIVE FIRE SYSTEM)

All rules and guidelines for active fire systems are listed in UBBL 1998 part Vlll. The
active fire system used in the Mersing Harbour Centre building is an addressable fire
alarm system and a water sprinkler system. The selection of the fire system in this
building is in accordance with the requirements as stipulated in the UBBL. Pursuant to
section 225 (1) states that each building shall be provided by means of detecting and
extinguishing fires and with the nature of fire together with illuminated exit signs as
required. In addition, according to section 226 it says that where hazardous processes,
storage or occupancy are of such character as to require automatic sprinklers or
other automatic extinguishing system, it shall be of a type and standard appropriate
to extinguish fires in the hazardous materials stored or handled or for the safety of the
occupants.

UBBL 1998 PART VLL (PASSIVE FIRE SYSTEM)

All rules and guidelines for passive fire systems are listed in UBBL 1998 part Vll. Passive
fire systems used in the Mersing Harbour Centre building are fire rated doors and fire
rated shutter doors. The selection of the fire system in this building is in accordance
with the requirements as stipulated in the UBBL. According to section 162 to section
164 and 173 states that each building shall provide a fire rated door at each entrance,
lobby, balcony, exit and so on. Each opening must be equipped with a fire separator
such as a fire rated door or fire rated shutter door. Each FRD must be made in
accordance with the specifications set out in section 163. In addition, all fire rated
doors must be accessible from the outside and inside without the use of any locks.

13 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

3.0 ELECTRICAL
SUPPLY SYSTEM

14 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

Purchasing solar power panel might be the finest move for any house owner. In
truth, 3.2millionhouses in Malaysia already install and used solar system as
their main electrical supply for their everyday life. Solar roofing for residential
has several advantages

What is smart solar? Our sun provides all of the energy
we need to survive and sustains
Solar energy is an excellent concept. all living things, either directly or
Harnessing solar energy and using it to indirectly. The sun has an impact
power electrical equipment is a fantastic
idea. There are no ongoing electricity bills, on our climate and weather.
and there is no reliance on a power Without it, our planet would be a
socket: it is a free and endless source of frozen wasteland of ice-covered
energy that has no negative
environmental impact! rock.

But how does it work exactly? The actuality, of course, is quite
What is it suitable for? What are different. However, creating
the limitations? What is the cost? power just from sunlight is a

How do you do it? This book massive resource with several
answers all of these concerns and applications and benefits.
shows how to harness the power
What is solar panel?
of the sun to generate your own
electricity.

Solar panels are used for a Solar energy is
variety of applications, produced by the sun.
including remote power
systems for cabins, Solar panels
telecommunications (sometimes referred to

equipment, remote sensing, as "PV panels") are
and, of course, energy used to convert

generation by residential and sunlight's light, which is
commercial solar electric composed of energy
systems. particles known as
"photons," into
electricity that may be
utilised to power
electrical loads.

15 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

HOW DO SOLAR PANELS WORK?

When photons collide with a solar cell,
electrons are ejected from their atoms. An

electrical circuit is formed when
conductors are connected to the positive

and negative sides of a cell. When
electrons move via such a circuit,
electricity is produced. A solar panel is
made up of several cells, while a solar
array is made up of many panels
connected together (modules). The more
solar panels you have, the more power

you can produce.

WHAT ARE SOLAR PANEL MADE OF?

PV Solar panels are made up of
several solar cells. Solar cells, like
semiconductors, are constructed of
silicon. They are made up of a positive

and a negative layer that work
together to form an electric field, much

like a battery.

HOW DO SOLAR SYSTEM WORK?

First, sunlight strikes a rooftop
solar panel. The panels convert
the energy into direct current,
which is subsequently sent to an
inverter. The inverter turns direct
current electricity into alternating
current, which can then power any

construction. It's incredibly
straightforward and clean, and it's

becoming more efficient and
cost-effective.

16 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

BUILDING SERVICES FUNCTION

SOLAR ENERGY

1) Solar photovoltaics for electricity

Solar cells, often known as photovoltaic cells, convert sunlight directly
into electricity. The photovoltaic effect, which is the process of
converting light (photos) to energy, gives rise to the name
photovoltaics (voltage)

This feature was first used by Bell Laboratories scientists in 1954, when
they created a working silicon solar cell that generated an electric
current when exposed to sunlight. Solar cells were immediately used to
power spacecraft as well as smaller items such as calculators and
watches. In many regions, solar cell electricity is now cost competitive,
and photovoltaic systems are being built on a large scale to help power
the electric grid.

2) interconnection to the grid

The Solar PV installation shall be connected earlier to the Distribution
Licensee's Bi-directional Meter on the NOVA consumer's installation,
commonly known as behind the metre connection or indirect connection.

The NOVA consumer is responsible for installing and maintaining the PV
metre, which measures the energy produced by the solar PV system.

The Bi-directional metre and PV metre readings must offer prima facie
evidence of the quantity of electricity delivered by the Distribution
Licensee, the Energy produced by the solar PV system, and any Energy
exported to the Supply System. The metre readings acquired by the
Distribution Licensee or Grid Owner must form the basis of any business
settlement under the Act and the Licensee Supply Regulations 1990.

17 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

INSTALLATION PROCESS

STEP 1 : SITE EVALUATION

This is the first stage of any commercial solar project. This
initial site survey forms the basis for the solar design and
installation plans. This stage includes the following tasks:

• Legal tests to ensure that you have the legal right to install
a solar energy system on your property.
• Selecting where and how to connect your solar energy
system to the power grid.
• The property appraisal procedure includes shade analysis,
structural evaluations, and topographical and geological
studies.

step 2 : system design

At this stage, the design and installation plans
are formalised. You will be provided a design
drawing that depicts how the panels will be
positioned to capture the maximum sunlight

and how the building will be constructed.
Depending on your preferences, the design will

show roof-mounted, ground-mounted, or
carports.

step 3 : site evaluation

The construction approach will vary depending on the type of project
and the size of the system. Smaller rooftop systems can be erected in as
little as 2-3 weeks, however larger and more complex systems can take
months. While well-planned plans produce minimal disruption to
routine operations, depending on the nature of your organisation and
the scope of the system, you should nevertheless plan for things like
alternate parking places and temporary power outages.

Most knowledgeable solar contractors will have clever workarounds to
minimise disturbances to your daily routines. In this regard, choosing a
reliable and experienced installation is critical.

18 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

INSTALLATION PROCESS

STEP 4 : commisioning

The final stage is commissioning, which occurs after construction is
completed. The process is complete when your solar supplier

verifies that your solar installation was finished as planned and the
utility grants you permission to connect and run your solar energy
system with the local power grid. In accordance with the Act and
the Electricity Regulations 1994, the testing and commissioning of
the solar PV system, as well as the certification of completion, must

be performed by a Competent Person, Electrical Contractor, or
Electrical Services Contractor.

The Applicant must provide the Distribution Licensee or Grid
Owner with a copy of the testing and commissioning report and
certificate of completion of the solar PV installation, which must be

signed by the Applicant and the Competent Person, Electrical
Contractor, or Electrical Services Contractor, as applicable. The

Distribution Licensee or Grid Owner must arrange for a joint
metering facility inspection and installation. The planned date for
the joint inspection is twenty-eight (28) days after the Applicant

receives the testing results and completion certificate. Within
fourteen (14) days of the joint inspection date, the Distribution

Licensee or Grid Owner shall notify the Applicant of the PV
installation's Commencement Date.

Within one (1) month of the joint inspection, the Distribution
Licensee or Grid Owner must provide to the Implementing Agency a

copy of the testing and commissioning results, as well as the
completion certificate and the Commencement Date. The NOVA
Contract is presumed to begin with the Distribution Licensee's

metre placement.

19 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION

Due to an overwhelming response from the PV industry and in
an effort to increase the use of solar energy, the Energy and
Natural Resources Minister introduced the new Net Energy
Metering 3.0 programme (NEM 3.0) on December 29, 2020 via
a press statement issued by KeTSA to provide more
opportunities for electricity consumers to install solar PV
systems on the roofs of their premises in order to save money
on their electricity bill.

NEM NOVA is a net energy metering programme focused on solar
energy for non-domestic Tenaga Nasional Berhad ('Distribution
Licensee'), Peninsular Malaysia's electrical utility provider. Non-
domestic customers are those who work in the commercial, industrial,
mining, and agriculture industries. The NOVA Scheme is a programme
that allows users to build solar PV installations in their own houses for
self-consumption. The solar PV installation must be designed primarily
for self-consumption.

20 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION

1. The Applicant shall submit to the Implementing Agency any forms and documentation that the implementing
Agency may request in order to participate in the NOVA Programme.

2. The Implementing Agency will impose an application fee of RM10 per kW for each application.

3. If an Applicant withdraws his or her application, the fee paid will not be returned.

4. The Implementing Agency shall notify the Applicant of the application outcomes no later than two (2) months
after the application is submitted.

5. The NOVA Programme, the available capacity for application up to the previous day, these Guidelines, the
application processes, and the application form must all be published on the Implementing Agency's website. The
Implementing Agency shall make copies of the application processes and the application form for distribution to

each NOVA Programme Applicant. The application methods and application form are detailed in Schedule 2 of
these Guidelines.

6. When the implementing Agency notifies the Applicant that the application has been approved, the Applicant
must begin construction on the solar PV installation within three (3) months of the date of notice, otherwise the

application will be terminated and any fees paid will not be reimbursed.

7. As specified in of these Guidelines, the Applicant must arrange for a CAS for any solar PV system with a
capacity more than 72kW. The CAS report must be provided to the Distribution Licensee or Grid Owner, as
applicable, within twenty-eight (28) days after the implementing Agency informing the Applicant that the

application is ready for CAS.

8. The Distribution Licensee or Grid Owner must notify the implementing Agency of the CAS outcome within
fourteen (14) days of receiving the CAS report.

21 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION

SUMMARY

22 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

BENEFIT OF THE SYSTEM

SOLAR PANEL Solar electricity has no moving parts or
SYSTEMS ARE WELL- complex mechanical components. They

KNOWN FOR THEIR are significantly less likely to have
SIMPLICITY OF device failure or malfunction.
MAINTENANCE.
Furthermore, solar energy produces no
noise, which benefits both the firm and

the environment!

SAVES FROM POWER Solar power can provide electricity
DISRUPTION when the traditional system fails.
Electricity can be stored in batteries,
large capacitors, and other devices
that store energy until an emergency

or when the sun goes down.

SOLAR PANELS Solar power placed on the rooftop of a
CAN ONLY SUPPLY residential building protects against
electricity tariff hikes for the next 25
INTERMITTENT
ELECTRICITY years. Electricity prices might grow by
up to 6% each year on average. A solar

panel is supposed to provide free
electricity for 25 years, but many

endure 30-40 years.

23 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

PROBLEM THAT MAY ARISE

If the house is surrounded by tall trees or other A Design with Too
structures, the solar power system may never reach Many Trees or

its full potential. If solar panels are obscured by Building Nearby Can
trees or buildings, they will not work well even in Be Extremely
direct sunlight. Before deciding to invest in solar
electricity for their businesses, your clients will Damaging the Use of
need your guidance as well as an assessment of the The Solar Panels.


building site and electrical requirements


Contrary to popular belief, solar panels, like
Solar Panels any other modern gadget, require regular
Require Special maintenance and inspection. A dirty solar
Attention and
Maintenance. panel will have a lower efficiency, therefore
keeping it clean is critical to getting the

most out of it.

Apart from the unpredictability of the

weather, solar panels do not function when Solar Panels Can
there is no sunshine, particularly at night.
Furthermore, the sun emits heat of different Only Supply
Intermittent
intensity. It is critical to install a backup
power supply, especially in areas with Electricity
minimal sunlight.

24 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

SPACE IMPLICATION

Rooftop solar energy systems are no longer the only option. Solar is popping up
everywhere, even in parking lots! The position, on the other hand, is often defined by the

size of the panel used, the site area, the size of the structure, and, most significantly,
where sunlight can be gathered. So, here's a quick review of the two primary mounting

options for residential solar panels:

Roof Mounted

Roof mounts are less expensive because they use the foundation of your
existing roof structure. They also take up less room in your home.

Less expensive
Installation labour cost are decreased since
fewer materials are required
Allows for more space by utilising unused
space
Easier to get permit

25 ELETRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

SPACE IMPLICATION

ground Mounted

Ground mounts require more space, but they are simpler to install and repair.
Ground-mount systems can be installed in any orientation. You can set up your
system to point directly at the sun. They improve access to the sunlight, which powers

the array.

Easy to access
Cleaning and troubleshooting are simple
Overall, the racking is more robust
There is no need to remove the panels if the
roof is replaced

26 TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

4.0
TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

FIBRE OPTIC

27 TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION OF
FIBRE OPTIC

From copper wire networks to fibre optic
networks, the world of telecommunications
really changing rapidly year by year. While
coaxial cables (also known as Passive
Distributed Antenna System) are still
commonly utilised with cell phone signal
booster kits because they work well under
those settings, fibre technology is a game
changer when combined with Active
Distributed Antenna System (Active DAS).
Telecommunications and connection are
being totally transformed by fiber-optic
cables. Using fibre optic lines, signals may
now be transported around the globe at
the speed of light.

WHAT IS FIBRE OPTIC ?

A fibre optic cable is a type of network cable that has strands of glass
fibres inside an insulated covering. Fiber optic cable is specifically
intended for long-distance transmission of high-speed
telecommunications and data networking. Fiber optic cable is made up
with one or more strands of glass which are about the thickness of
human hair and are covered in an insulated outer jacket. It has a higher
bandwidth than wireless coaxial cable and can transport data over
longer distances. Most of the world's telephone networks, cable
television, and Internet are supported by these cables. The fibre optic
cable transmits data by using light pulses generated by light-emitting
diodes or tiny lasers. The "core" is located in the centre of each glass
strand, and it is surrounded by cladding, a layer of glass that reflects
light inwards, allowing light to pass through bends in the cable without
signal loss. It is the cable's core that offers the path for light to travel
large distances. Rather of using electrical signals, fiber-optic cables
employ light pulses to transmit data.

28 TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

APPLICATION AND SYSTEM

WHO USED FIBRE OPTIC ?

Fiber-optic cables can be connected into
patch panels and communications
equipment to give a physical connection
to a device or network. Cellular signals are
best sent over a fibre optic distribution
network that connects mobile service
carrier signal lines to antennas and other
equipment. Governments, commercial
organisations, the military, and, of course,
many more industrial applications employ
fiber-optic cables for data, video, and
audio transmission.

29 TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

BUILDING SERVICES FUNCTION

Technology's continuous advancement need the best feasible
connection as well as a large amount of bandwidth. Mobile
phones, the cloud, streaming video, the Internet of Things, and
other advancements all necessitate the highest level of
connectivity. Fiber optic building is the most effective
approach for creating improvements.

Increasing The Internet
Speed



The speed that fibre optics provides is one of the key reasons
that many organisations choose to employ it while
constructing or remodelling a structure. Today's companies
rely heavily on the internet and a well-connected network.
Employees can get the information they need from the web
more quickly and conveniently with faster speeds.

Increased Bandwidth





In a similar vein to speed, having more bandwidth is important
for many industries. Streaming, online meetings, uploading,
and downloading must all be done quickly. The demand for
greater bandwidth is increasing every day. Accessing and
using cloud applications will be easier with the capacity to
move big amounts of data swiftly.

30 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

SPECIAL SERVICE

INSTALLATION

5.0

INTELLIGENT BUILDING31
SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

A smart building is one that creates a productive and cost-effective environment
by optimizing its four main elements: structure, systems, services, and
management, as well as the link between them. Smart Building is beneficial to
businesses as property owners, managers, and occupants to achieve their
objectives in terms of cost, comfort, and convenience Safety, long-term
adaptability, and marketability are all important factors. One where the
combination interconnected technology and support systems use of
accommodation by building users, enable efficient operation of build and even
allow reconfigure the interior space response to changes in consumption ‘Smart
Buildings’ pattern. it can also refer to as ‘Smart Buildings’ mostly often when they
are live associated with the concept ‘Smart City’ environment.

INTELLIGENT
Communications network
BUILDING
other electronic and

EQUIPPED electric devices
domestic appliances

linking sensors

DESIGN OPERATION

INTELLIGENT

BUILDING CRITERIA


(PROCESS)

CONSTRUCTION

32 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

Networking
telecom

Security INTELLIGENT
General
BUILDING

CRITERIA -


TECHNOLOGY

Renewable
Electrical Mechanical
Resources
Building
Building

Management
INTELLIGENT
Automation

System (BMS BUILDING
System (BAS)
CRITERIA

Intelligent
SELECTION Sensors
Skins
Smart

Materials

INTELLIGENT BUILDING SYSTEM FOR OUR PROJECT

BUILDING
BUILDING
ENERGY

AUTOMATION
SECURITY
EFFICIENCY

SYSTEM
SYSTEM BUILDING

SYSTEM

Building automation Building security system is with
The energy efficiency of a building

system (BAS) is a smart the growing size and complexity
refers to how closely its energy

system that connects of structures, security and
consumption per square metre of

heating, ventilation, and control systems became vital.
floor area corresponds to

air conditioning (HVAC), Mechanical and electrical
established energy consumption

lighting, security, and installations, fire protection and
benchmarks for that type of

other systems to escape, burglary, assault, and
building under certain climatic

communicate on a single emergency communications are
circumstances. Building energy

platform using both all monitored and controlled by
consumption benchmarks are

hardware and software. building security and control
representative numbers for

In this approach, the systems. common building types that can

automation system may The most critical safety be used to compare a structure's

provide us with critical requirement in major buildings
real performance.
information on the and complexes is a fire safety
Energy efficiency also refers to a

success of construction system. These particular systems
building's usage of less energy to

operations while also are required to monitor and
perform the same function as

improving the safety and control inside the structure, in
buildings that use energy

comfort of building addition to structural
inefficiently. It should be taken into

inhabitants. precautions for fire safety.
account during the design phase,

Computers are a network of
the selection of construction

interconnected electronic
materials, the construction

devices that work together under
process, and the building's

centralised management to
operation.
monitor and respond to all

critical local situations.

33 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

FUNCTION

BUILDING
Buildings managed by BAS are frequently

AUTOMATION
referred to as "smart" or "intelligent" structures.

SYSTEM What is the reason for this? Because the

structure is more user-friendly, greener, and

BUILDING AUTOMATION AND CONTROL
less expensive to run. The majority of processes

SYSTEM are run by a centralised control unit. More

complex systems can also be operated

Automation building control make
remotely using specific apps or platforms on

buildings more energy efficient? One
various mobile devices, contributing to the

of the key drivers for modern building
phrase "smart building."
control is to reduce energy usage.
Building managers generally do not have time

Building control systems are
to be taught on how to operate the system,

sophisticated systems that measure
despite the fact that they have essentially no

the needs of the building and regulate
direct input into it except when they need to

the mechanical and electrical systems
make certain tweaks or improvements. A well-

to meet those needs. Occupancy load,
designed BAS building system should be easily

indoor and outdoor environments, CO2
accessible, intuitive, and remote in order to

sensors, and other metrics are
obtain job-related information quickly.
examples of measurements. The
In a word, a building automation system

building control system operates the
functions similarly to the human brain in that it

equipment to offer a suitable working
instructs building equipment to perform certain

environment based on measurement-
tasks, much way the brain instructs your hands

based cooling, heating, and ventilation
and feet to move.
requirements. The following are some
The main responsibilities of BAS are to keep the

of the system controls: building's heating, cooling, and ventilation

systems within a particular range, as well as to

control humidity, lighting depending on

occupancy schedules, elevators working

properly, fire prevention, safety, and other vital

systems. It should also keep track of each

utility's performance and potential faults, and

notify building administrators if any damage is
discovered.
For example, based on the data provided, the

BAS may adjust the temperature in the building

to meet the demands of the residents, or it may

detect a need to improve indoor air quality

through its sensors.
Many individuals think of business structures

as immobile objects. However, there are other

processes in daily life that contribute to the

vibrancy of this structure. In a single day, the

lights turn on and off numerous times, the air is

released according to the needs of the workers,

the cooling and heating system regulates the

temperature, and there are numerous more

activities that must be carefully monitored.
Many offices utilise motion sensors in their BAS

to switch off the lights when the space isn't in

use. Alternatively, install a light sensor that

detects the amount of sunshine in the room

and ensures that the BAS adjusts the interior

lighting appropriately.

34 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

BENEFITS OF BUILDING AUTOMATION


SYSTEM (BAS)

Building Automation System is equipped with a variety of sensors and
metres that benefit not only building owners in terms of greater energy
efficiency and maintenance expenses, but also all employees and
inhabitants in terms of increased productivity and comfort. We
classified the advantages into three categories:

FINANCIAL
Even while installing a BAS is a costly project, when used properly, it

ASPECT pays for itself over time by cutting maintenance and utility

expenditures. Many studies have shown that allowing BAS to monitor

and adapt the HVAC system based on occupancy can save anywhere

from 10% to 30% on energy costs.

When every piece of equipment is used to its full potential, its lifespan

rises, resulting in more indirect savings. Increasing the total worth of

the building is another essential financial consideration. To begin with,

installing a BAS increases the property's worth. Second, smart

buildings are more appealing to tenants since they provide improved

comfort while also being more environmentally responsible. Rents may

rise as a result of this.

Even though the comfort of the occupants cannot be quantified, it
should be considered.

OCCUPANTS’
The most significant advantage of having an automated HVAC
COMFORT system is maintaining proper temperature in the winter and summer
by controlling the temperature before and after everyone enters and
departs the facility. A properly configured BAS can assist building
operators in avoiding unwelcome calls from employees who are too
hot or cold.

The capacity to maximise the use of natural light, then adjust the
amount of fresh air in the building, and more contributes to the
residents' comfort. When people begin to feel sleepy and lethargic, it
is usually due to a lack of fresh air and oxygen.

Smart buildings have smaller carbon footprints, making them more


ENVIRONMENTAL
sustainable and energy efficient, and hence eligible for certifications

like LEED, Energy Star, or Tenant Star. Many building owners are


ASPECT especially keen on owning a portfolio of energy-efficient structures.

35 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

BUILDING SECURITY FUNCTION AND


INSTALLATION PROCESS

SURVEILLANCE

DAY AND NIGHT CAMERA TYPES

A day and night camera is a security camera that can see the image
during the day when there is ample light, as well as at night when there
is absolute darkness or minimal illumination. Special lenses allow
infrared emission produced by infrared LEDs and reflected from objects
to pass through and reach a CCD or CMOS chip within a day and night
camera. As a result, at the distance of infrared emission produced by
LEDs, the end user can view a picture in complete darkness. Infrared LEDs
can be installed on the housing of a day and night camera, or it can
accept the emission produced by an infrared turret.

Allows high-quality video exposures in a variety

of lighting circumstances, including backlighting


and harsh illumination

36 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

BENEFITS OF USING DAY AND NIGHT


CAMERA SYSTEM

VERSATILITY Day and night cameras work as colour cameras during
the day. When darkness falls, a sensor inside the device
detects it and instantly converts the camera to night
vision mode. This activates the infrared LEDs included
inside the camera. The night-time image may be black
and white or have a greenish tint depending on which
model you choose. Unless you're gazing directly at the
camera, the infrared LEDs are undetectable to the naked
eye. This allows you to record activity without most
individuals being aware that they are being recorded.

VARIOUS
Day and night cameras are available in a wide range of
SIZES AND
shapes and sizes, allowing you to locate almost any type
you require. There are numerous choices available,
SHAPES ranging from bullets and domes to basic fixed versions. For
instances when absolute subtlety is necessary, there are
even tiny board cameras.

ELECTRONIC
They accomplish electronic colour correction thanks to the

COLOR
mechanical cut filter included inside day/night cameras.
This enables these cameras to record high-contrast

ADJUSTMENT images and movies at any time of day or night.

EXCELLENT
The fact that day/night security cameras give excellent
IMAGE
image quality both during the day and at night is one of its
QUALITY main advantages. They are capable of capturing high-
quality video footage in complete darkness, unlike other
choices that only function during the day.

37 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

PROCESS INSTALLATION FOR
DAY AND NIGHT CAMERA

Before mounting
Using your hands,
Place the plate in the

your camera, install
remove the plate
desired position on

from the bottom of

and power it-up
the stand if you
the mounting surface

indoors to ensure it’s
want to install at
(wall, ceiling). Screw

three screws into the

working correctly. wall mounting surface through the

holes of the plate.

Attach the

stand to the


plate

Connect the other end
Turn the Day/Night HD
Connect one end of

of the Ethernet cable
Camera clockwise to
the Ethernet cable

attach it to the stand. into the LAN port of

to the DC cable
the Day/Night HD

adapter.
Camera.

Plug the power

adaptor into a

wall outlet to

power up the


camera.

Adjust the camera to

the desired position
and secure it firmly.

Your Day/Night HD

Camera is now ready


for use.

38 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

BUILDING SERVICE FUNCTION AND


INSTALLATION PROCESS

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

ACCESS CARD

An access control system adds security to a building by allowing for
flexible control over who is allowed to enter. The access control
system is one of the most widely utilised electronic door control
systems. It works by swiping a card or a magnetic stripe through a
reader on the door. Security is ensured with the usage of these
access control solutions. The access card can be thought of as a
digital "key." The access card is used to obtain entry to the doors
that are secured by the access control system. The encoding on
each access card is different. The majority of access cards are
about the same size as a credit card and may be carried in a wallet
or purse.

TYPE OF ACCESS CARD AND

BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM

Proximity card

A proximity card, also known as a key card or keycard, is a contactless
smart card that can be read without requiring it to be inserted into a
reader device, as required by older magnetic stripe cards like credit
cards and contact type smart cards. The contactless card technologies
include proximity cards. They permit the identification of an encoded
number when held near an electronic reader for a brief period of time.
To signify that the card has been read, the reader normally makes a
beep or other sound. To get admission into a facility or to certain
designated regions of a building, prox cards are held or swiped at a
card reader. Proximity cards, also known as access badges, are PVC
cards that allow a cardholder to get access to a facility or a specific
area within it.

39 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

BENEFITS OF PROXIMITY CARD

Having a
When someone swipes their card with card access, it
record of
is recorded. This makes it simple to maintain track of
everything an employee's admission history into your company.
You can also access both real-time and archived
data. For example, you'll know exactly when and
where an employee entered and exited.

Decreased
When using traditional key and lock entry, losing a key
liability poses a security issue. The key can be taken by anyone
and used to gain access to the building. If you lose or
steal a key, you'll need to replace the locks and have
new keys made. Each employee who has card access is
responsible for their card. If a card is misplaced and
someone attempts to use it to get entry to the building,
you can simply revoke the card as soon as it is
reported missing.

Reduced
A card system can be connected into an existing
utility costs security management system in your building. The
card system, for example, can be designed to turn off
lights at specific times, control room temperature, and
so on. For further security, you can give your card
access to a system that allows you to connect to a
CCTV camera.

Protection of
The most essential benefit of implementing a card
people and
access system is that it safeguards your personnel and
assets. Controlled access ensures that no one can
property enter your business without a card, reducing the
danger of theft and crime. If you have staff who work
diverse hours, this is very important. Employees who
arrive at the crack of dawn and those who work late
into the night are shielded from troublemakers who
wander in from the streets.

40 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

INSTALLATION OF ACCESS

CARD PROXIMITY CARD

Measure the height
Mark the height of
Using the designated

of the card reader
the card reader on
points as templates,

and the dimension
the wall, as well as
drill two holes in the

of the door lock

with a measuring
the holes for the
wall.
tape. lock on the door

The cable

Last but not least,
frame. connection from

install the card
the power box to

reader's shell to
To receive a power
the card reader will

supply, connect the
be situated within

protect the device's
cord from the supply
the wall, hence the

chipset. hacking will be

box to the card
done on the wall
reader.
Install the security

door lock on the door

frame and use screws


to secure the card

reader to the wall.

41 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

BUILDING ENERGY EFFIENCY

ENERGY EFFICIENCY SYSTEM

WATER EFFIECIENCY

Water efficiency refers to the efficient use of our water resources
through water-saving technologies and simple household actions.
Water conservation will help to ensure reliable water supplies for
today's and future generations. In layman's terms, it implies
conserving fresh water and reducing overall water usage while
limiting wastewater. It also emphasises the use of enhanced
methods and technology that provide similar or better life service
while consuming less water. Water efficiency is a large part of green
building, and it involves tactics and technology that reduce the
quantity of potable water used in structures.

BENEFITS OF THE ENERGY

WATER EFFIENCY SYSTEM

1. Costs: Water efficiency upgrades often pay back in just a few
years. Getting on top of leaks and irrigation is the first key step and
as water prices increase, the more money savings you will make
over time.

2. Environment: Being water smart is not only better for the
environment it will also help develop an eco-friendly image for your
customers.

3. Energy consumption: Saving hot water will also save your
electricity. Heating water with an electric water heater can cost 2
cents per litre, so changing showerheads can save upwards of a
money.

4. Property value: Retrofitting your workplace with modern water
efficient equipment raises the value of your property.

5. Rebates: You may be eligible for rebates under the Living Water
Smart Rebate Scheme.

42 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

WAYS TO SAVE WATER

AND ENERGY

Use Any hot water that goes down the drain carries
Greywater energy with it in the form of heat. That means 80%
to 90% of the energy used to heat water in your
home is wasted as it flows down the drain. Drain-
water (or greywater) heat recovery systems solve
this problem by capturing the energy and using it to
preheat cold water entering the water heater or
going to other water fixtures.

Fix Leaks Fixing leaky faucets and plumbing joints can
save up to 20 gallons per day for each leak,
which is enough water to run a load of laundry
and run the dishwasher once each day. Check
for toilet leaks by placing food coloring in the
tank. If color appears in the bowl without
flushing, it have a leak.

Develop

Efficient Lawn
Applying a layer of mulch between one and
and Garden
three inches thick around trees and other
Management
plants to reduce evaporation and reduce the

Practices need for watering.

43 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

SPACE IMPLICATIONS

Day and night

camera

The location for a day and night camera is on the wall or ceiling. The camera must
be mounted on the ceiling or the wall. To gain a clear view of the surrounding
areas, the camera must be mounted on a high height and cannot be obstructed
by a beam or column. The camera system requires little space to install because
it is mounted on the ceiling or wall. To ensure that there is no "blind spot," the
camera must be placed in every corner of the building. Parking lots, corridors,
lobby, and stairwell make up the main area.

Access Control

System

The focus of the access control system is on the wall. The card reader must be
mounted on the wall. The most typical application of access control systems is to
regulate access to a building's exterior entrances. Access control systems can also
be used to restrict access to certain locations within a building's interior. The card
reader should be placed at eye level. The installation of access control systems
does not require a lot of room because they are mounted on the wall. However,
because it must be connected to a power source, the installation necessitated
wire work. To prevent unauthorised individuals from accessing the building, the
system must be installed at the main door. Parking lots, the door's office, the main
entry door, and lifts are all located in the main area.

44 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND

SOLUTION

PROBLEMS

Is it possible to use the camera without a power source?

How can you ensure that the building system is in good

working order?

Is it true that building automation systems deteriorate over

time and must be replaced?

SOLUTIONS

Depending on the model of the camera. Many cameras are powered by

electricity, so if the power goes out, they will cease working. Other

cameras, such as battery-powered security cameras, wireless security

cameras, and solar-powered security cameras, work with or without

electricity.

Implementation of a high-quality camera system, access card system, and

sensors that have been approved.
Day and night cameras are installed in practically every corner of the
building.
Inspection of the sensor in the building on a regular basis.

Yes, frequent maintenance is required to keep the Building Control System in good

working order, and the system will eventually need to be replaced, repaired, or

updated.
Some issues can be resolved by upgrading an existing building automation system,

which might be a realistic option for extending the life of the original system.

45 SPECIAL SERVICE INSTALLATION

CASE STUDY

DAY AND NIGHT CAMERA

The security system of the PKNM office building is a day and night camera.
According to the general manager, a CCTV system will be installed in the living
room to keep an eye on the elderly and pets. Aside from that, cameras will be
installed in key areas such as parking lots, corridors, elevators, and lobby areas to
ensure the protection of residents. The security guard's labour may be reduced as
a result of the use of this security system because they are no longer required to
monitor the building areas at all hours of the night. Furthermore, if a service
system breakdown occurs, the camera can be used as a detector.

Access control system

PKNM's office building uses an access card as its security system to enter the main
building for access control. According to the general manager, the entrance door
can also be controlled via a smartphone application. For example, if a visitor
arrives and no one is present, the visitor can use the card access to unlock the
door. This security approach is particularly secure because the door can be opened
using one of two methods: an access card or a smartphone, resulting in a low risk
of burglary. The access control system will be installed in the main areas of the
building, such as the parking lots, main entrance, lifts, and door office department,
in addition to each component of the office building.

Building automation system

The air conditioner, lights, doors, and curtains are all controlled by the building
automation system at this office. If the technical personnel is present, they can, for
example, turn on the air conditioner in the office. Before leaving for home, the in-
charge staff can use the controller to turn off the lights and air conditioning without
having to walk to each department. The owner of the office can also use their
phones to make reservations, such as for a multipurpose court within the complex,
or to pay their building maintenance fees.

46 MECHANICAL VENTILATION
AND AIR-CONDITIONING

6.0 MECHANICAL
VENTILATION AND AIR

CONDITIONING

47 MECHANICAL VENTILATION
AND AIR-CONDITIONING

APPLICATION &

SYSTEMS

Ventilating – is the process of “changing” or
replacing the air in any space in order to
maintain a healthy indoor environment.

Ventilation- is used to remove eliminate
offensive odours and excess moisture,
introduce outside air, circulate interior
building air, and prevent interior air
stagnation.

SMART DEMAND CONTROL

VENTILATION

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide,
odours, and water vapour are only a several of the
pollutants released into the air by human activity in
residential buildings. To provide optimum comfort in living
spaces, indoor air quality is essential. To maintain
environmental health and stop the spread of contaminants
and allergens, proper air exchange via natural or
mechanical ventilation is necessary.

Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) is a technology that all
environmentally friendly structures need to have. The
amount of indoor air in a building or residence is
automatically regulated by DCV. Both small and large
structures can benefit from these kinds of systems. For
instance, the amount of CO2 produced increases with
human population.

As a result, Demand Control Ventilation exists (DCV), intelligence will identify on its own
where to increase the room's or inhabited area's air change. The amount of CO2 produced
increases with human population. Therefore, intelligence will automatically decide where
to increase the air change in the room or occupied area with the inclusion of Demand
Control Ventilation (DCV). In turn, this lowers energy costs, enhances indoor air quality, and
raises occupancy comfort

48 MECHANICAL VENTILATION
AND AIR-CONDITIONING

FUNCTIONS

Ventilation demand is influenced by
occupancy and changes in temperature or
whether. DCV systems are typically comprised
of two components, occupants and
temperature sensors, and a controller unit that
communicates with the ventilation unit either
directly or indirectly. A DCV may read
occupancy and temperature data in a
building in a variety of ways, including the
following.

01 Occupant 02 Thermal Sensors
Counting
Demand-controlled ventilation
Certain DCV System rely on systems also monitor the
direct occupant counting via temperature of a building or
ticket sales, security swipes, space and adjust ventilation as
or video recognition, among necessary
other method.

03 Occupancy 04 Space carbon-
Sensing dioxide sensing

Dedicated occupancy CO2 sensors are installed throughout
sensors can be used some DCV systems. As occupancy
determine whether an area increase, the level of CO2 in the
is occupied or vacant. indoor environment increases as well
(with more people breathing) this
can be detected, and the ventilation
rate adjusted accordingly.