SCIENCE chapter 7 Air

SCIENCE
AIR

By: Muhammad Zahi Zulfan b. Abdul
Aziz

Luqman Hadi b. Noor Hisham

Composition of air

7.1

Air is a mixture of
several gases

Actual CD
percentage of 7%

Nitrogen-78%
Oxygen-21%
Inert gases anda
other subtances-
0.97%
Cabon dioxide- Inert gases anda other substances
0.03% 28.2%

Nitrogen
49.3%

**CD MEANS CARBON Oxygen
DIOXIDE 15.5%

Air is a
mixture

Air is a mixture because the component s can be separate by a physical
method-fractional distillation

Fractional distillation is a seperation of liquid mixture into fraction
with different boiling points throungh boiling and condensation

Oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
Inert gas

OXYGEN

1. respiration
2.combustion of rocket engine
3.welding and steel cutting
4.preparation of various compounds

CARBON DIOXIDE

1. Photosynthesis
2.production of carbonated

drinks
3.fire extinguisher
4.corbon cycle

NITROGEN

1.Production nitric acid & ammonia
2.nitrogen acid anda ammonia
3.nitrogen cycle
4.liquid nitrogen as cooling agent

INERT GAS

1.Helium : hot air balloon & weather
balloon

2.Neon gas : advertising lights
3.Argon gas : light bulbs

Oxygen cycle

A CONTINOUS CYCLE THAT TAKES
OXYGEN FROM THE AIR AND
RETURNS IT TO THE AIR

CARBON CYCLE

THE CYCLE THAT MAINTAINS
THE CONTENT OF CARBON
DIOXIDE IN THE AIR AND
RETURNING IT TO THE AIR

COMBUSTION

7.2







Combustion need
fuel✅

oxygen✅
heat✅

Type of fire
extinguisher

Fire can be extinguisher by
removing One of the
condition needed for
combustion

Safety measure to prevent
the occurence of fire

Keep Matches and lighters in a safe place
Keep away flammable substances from
fire
beware of electrical appliances
Do not throw burning cigarette butts
Install fire alarm & smoke detector at
home
do not plug too many electrical
appliances to a single electrical source

AIR POLLUTION

7.3

Air pollution is a situation
which involves the presence of

any pollutants in the air

Sources

Exhaust of vehicle & factories

Pollutants

Smoke,soot dust,carbon
monoxide,sulphur dioxide,nitrogen

dioxide & plumbum

Nuclear &Souprocweesr plants
Sources RadioaPcotlilvuetamnatsterials
Open burning & forest fire

Pollutants
Dust,soot & smoke

AgSroiucrucletus re & plantation activities
Pollutants

Aerosol Spray & chemical fertilisers

Conatruction sites & asbestoSsofuarccteosries
Pollutants
Dust & soot

Sources

Air-conditioners,refrigerators &
electronic factories

Pollutants

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)

Polluted air can cause illness and
discomfort to Human.

Cause and effect

To health

Smoke and dust: cause breathing
problems
sulphur dioxide: cause respiratori
problems
carbon monoxide: cause
headache,mental retardation and
death

To health

Asbestos particles: cause lung
cancer
lead particles: cause
intellectual disability among
children and babies

To buildings

Dust and soot: stain buildings
acid rain: corrodes concrete &
limestone buildings and it speed
up iron rusting

To plants & animals

Acid rain: makes the soil acidic ,
less fertile and makes the source
of Water acidic
Smoke and Hazel decrease the
amount of sunlight reaching the
Earth & decrease the rate of
photosynthesis

To climinate

Smoke from factories,vehicles and
open burning lead to Hazel
Excessive carbon dioxide
contribute to green house
Excessive
chlorofluorocarbons(CFC): cause
the thinning of the ozone layer

To climinate

Sulphur dioxide & nitrogen
dioxide cause acid rain

Ways to prevent & control

with law enforcement
Fine smokers who smoke at
restricted areas
Fine individual who conduct open
burning
fine drivers whose vehicles emit
excessive smoke
prohabit factories from beting
built at housing areas

with education
Educate students about the effects
of air pollution & ways to prevent
organise anti-smoking campaings
Encourage the public to walk of
ride bicycles
encourage the usage of public
transport

wiItmhplesmceinetnhcyebr&id Tteecchhnonloogyloingy
vehicles
choose refrigerators which use
hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFC)
install filters in smoke chimneys at
factories
use catalytic converters on vehicles
Replace the use of pesticides with
biological control to control pest

Thank you