APACE Program Book

APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

This work presents an approach for improving both the gain and the matching of a circular patch
antenna using metamaterials (MTMs). It shows that with appropriate MTMs layers, gain increase
of +1.759 dBand an optimization band of 800 MHzcan be achieved. In thissimulation based study,
the proposed design have ben realized using CST Microwave Studio. The solution proposed here is
planar, simple to manufacture and has multiple applications.

16:50 A Robot Ar m Based Pr obe Station for near Field Measur ement
Mohd Hafiz Baharuddin, Mohd Hairi Mohd Zaman and Jannarthana Rao Nookanaidu (Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia)

Electromagnetic compatibility, or EMC compliance assessment, requirescompliance measurements
to be performed on electronic devices or products during their development process. In this work,
an investigation was carried out to consider alternative near field probe station rather than using the
bulky CNC near field scanner. To measure in the near field region, a 3-axis probe station needed to
be developed. This probe station consists of a robot arm that can move in 3-axis directions and a
probe to measure the radiated emission in the near field. AprilTags are used to represent the
measurement points in the simulation. The movement and trajectory of the robot arm were
simulated, and the attached camera had successfully scanned all tags. The robot arm's repeat
accuracy of 0.05 mm and flexibility to follow the trajectory that has been set make it suitable to be
used as a viable alternative for near field scanning.

17:10 Pr eliminar y Investigation of Small Scale Spatial Var iability of Rain Intensity
Using a Rain Gauge Networ k for Mm-W ave Pr opagation Application
M M Rashid and Jafri Din (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Hong Yin Lam (Universiti
Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Omar Abdul Aziz (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
Malaysia)

Small-scale spatial distribution of rainfall rate is crucial to determine the millimetre-wave
performance of the 5G system, especially in the heavy region. An accurate prediction of wave
propagation between the transmitter and receiver through such rain profiles could be derived based
on the physical soundness of local peculiarities. This work aims to investigate such knowledge of
small-scale rain profiles by means of rain gauge networks data in UTM, Johor, Malaysia. Several rain
events were carefully selected and critically analyzed to identify the small-scale spatial distribution of
rainfall intensity. Such preliminary work focuses only on the low rain rate profile below 50 mm/ h.
The initial results obtained in this work are encouraging and suggest that the low rain intensity
profile follows exponential distribution; however, the soundness of the results should be further
examined with respect to the complete rain cell profile in this region. Nevertheless, it is believed that
this work should provide radio propagation engineers with an early insight into the design of the 5G
system in heavy rain regions.

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

Wednesday, December 22
A2: Antenna and Radiating Elements 2

8:00 5G Millimeter wave W ear able Antenna: State-Of-The-Ar t and Cur r ent Challenges
(Invited Paper )
Hasliza A Rahim (Universiti Malaysia Perlis & Bioelectromagnetics Research Group,
Malaysia); Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Hamza Ahmad
Mashagba (Unimap & Perlis, Malaysia); Nor Zakiah Yahaya (Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Malaysia); Thennarasan Sabapathy (University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Mohd Najib Mohd
Yasin (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Muzammil Jusoh (Universiti Malaysia Perlis & School
of Computer and Communiction Engineering, Malaysia); Ismahayati Adam and Khairul Najmy
Abdul Rani (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia)

Fifth Generation (5G) is the next evolution of mobile communication that will provide seamless and
massive high speed connectivity to the society. Paralleled with the rise of 5G, it is foreseen that
wearable devices particularly wearable antenna will be the significant end node for wearable devices
in Millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequency bands. Thus, this paper discusses the new development
of the 5G sub-6 GHz and mmWave wearable antenna, introduces the research results of the 5G
mmWave wearable antenna in recent years, and addresses the key challenges in the development
trend of the development trend of the 5G mmWave wearable antenna.

8:20 Machine Lear ning Based Design Optimization of a GPS Antenna on a Flexible
Substr ate (Invited Paper )
Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali (Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia); Saranraj
Karuppuswami (Altair, USA); Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

In this work, a machine learning optimized folded dipole antenna is presented for automotive GPS
applications with wideband and good antenna performance characteristics. The optimization
routine uses a regression-based supervised machine learning algorithm, modified extensible lattice
sequence (Mels) to develop a surrogate mathematical model from the physical antenna model. A
Global Response Search Method (GRSM) optimization technique is used for optimizing the
surrogate mathematical model to achieve the desired antenna performance such as high gain, low
reflection coefficient, and wide bandwidth. The antenna is designed on a flexible Polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) substrate to make it compatible with easier integration in a smaller lattice space.
The designed antenna has a bandwidth of 182 MHz in the L band with a gain of 1.9 dBi.

8:40 Bending Analysis of a Dual L-Shaped Slotted Cir cular ly Polar ised W ear able Textile
Antenna for GPS Application
Anis Fariza Md Pazil (SEGi University, Malaysia); Nurul Huda Abd Rahman (Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Malaysia); Nurulazlina Ramli (SEGi University, Malaysia); Robiatun Adayiah
Awang (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

This work presents a single-feed circularly polarised (CP) textile antenna analysed for 0° to 35°
degrees curvature bent angles around E-plane and H-plane configurations. The design consists of

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

two truncated corners with dual L-shaped slots to achieve the Right - Hand Circular Polarization
(RHCP) dominant using Felt as a substrate and ShieldiT Super as the radiating element. In this
paper, the antenna bending effects particularly the frequency detuning are analysed and compared
with the initial performance in flat conditions. A normalised frequency shift of lessthan 5%has been
reported and discussed along with the numerical result of axial ratio, radiation pattern and CP
characteristics. This study indicates that the frequency shift is more significant in the E-plane bent
condition. On the other hand, the axial ratio is sensitive during bending in both planes and has
changed the polarisation characteristic.

9:00 A W ear able Tr apezoidal Antenna with Tr iple Stop-Band Per for mance for Off-
Body W BAN Applications
Youcef Braham Chaouche (University of Quebec at Abitibi-Temiscamingue UQAT CANADA,
Canada); Mourad Nedil (UQAT, Canada); Boualem Hammache (Université des Frères Mentouri,
Constantine, Algeria); Massinissa Belazzoug (Université de Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria)

In this paper, a compact triple-band-notched UWB trapezoidal antenna is proposed for off-body
wirelessbodyarea network (WBAN). To eliminate undesirable signalsof conventional narrow-band
communication, a three triangular complementary split-ring resonator (TCSRR) are used by
etching the radiating element to attain large UWB bandwidth coverage from 3.1 to 15.2 GHz with
triple notched bands. These notch bands are WiMAX (3.63-3.95 GHz), WLAN (4.62-5.29 GHz),
and X-band and ITU satellite communication systems (8.9-9.81 GHz). The proposed antenna
occupies a very compact area of 20mm×20mm (0.33λg×0.33λg) mounted on a flexible Rogers
RO3003 substrate. The effects of human tissue loading on the performance of the trapezoidal
antenna under different bending scenarios, including the specific absorption rate (SAR), are
investigated. The acquired performance exhibit that the UWB antenna is more secure and suitable
for off-body applications.

9:20 Potential and Optimization of Flexible Antenna Using Botanical Dielectr ic
Substr ate
Suhaila Subahir (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Aris (Universiti Teknologi Mara,
Malaysia)
This paper presents Pandanus Atrocapus as the substrate for the flexible patch antenna. The
dielectric property values are important to control the size of the required antenna to obtain good
performances at a specific operating frequency. The suitable patch antenna thickness is directly
proportional to the loss tangent values of the substrate, and its value is 0.8mm and 0.1733,
respectively. There are several processes implemented to measure the dielectric permittivity of the
Pandanus leaves. The measurement was done using VNA and coaxial probe. Then, the average
permittivity obtained, which is Ԑr = 1.8289, was used in the design antenna process, which was
performed using CST software. The design was introduced several layers of Pandanus substrate to
compare and analyze the performances. Thisresearch aimsto evaluate the propertiesof the botanical
plant Pandanus Atrocarpus in the determination of its compatibility as an organic flexible substrate
for the design of microwave frequency flexible patch antenna.

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

B2: RF/ Microwave Circuit and System

8:00 Char acter ization of Magneto Dielectr ic Mater ial Based on Micr owave Resonator
Wei Zhi Sek (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); See Khee Yee (Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia & Lecturer, Malaysia); Fatin Hamimah Ikhsan (Universiti Tun Hussein
Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Samsul Haimi Dahlan (Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia); Adel Ashyap (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Precise determination of dielectric properties of material is highly demanded especially after the rise
of magneto dielectric material which can fulfil the device miniaturization of printed circuit board in
various applications. It is important to characterize dielectric properties of material so that the
performance of the devices can be predicted accurately. There are numerous dielectric
characterization methods and each of the methods have its own benefits and limitations. In this
work, a simple complementary double split ring resonator operating at 3.5 GHz is proposed for
dielectric measurement. The advantage of this design is the convenience in preparation of samples.
Empirical models are proposed to predict the relative permittivity and relative permeability of
material under test. The reliability of the mathematical equations is proven from its R2 and RMSE
values.

8:20 Substr ate Integr ated W aveguide Single-Pole Dual-Double-Thr ow (SPDDT) Switch
for K-Band Applications
Deisy Mamedes and Jens Bornemann (University of Victoria, Canada)

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) single-pole dual-double-throw (SPDDT) switch for K-band
multiple beam antenna feeds and/ or 5G applications is presented. The design can be
straightforwardly integrated with other SIW or planar circuitry. The SPDDT switch is based on a
coupler that is reconfigured to control electromagnetic wave propagation to different sets of output
ports. Results demonstrate that the proposed switch has an isolation better than 15 dB from 18 to
27.4 GHz.

8:40 Switchable Open Loop Squar e Ring DGS in Millimeter -W ave SPDT Discr ete Switch
Design
Adib Othman (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia & Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,
Malaysia); Huda A. Majid (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Noor Azwan
Shairi and Amirul Aizat Zolkefli (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Najib
Fadhali (UTHM, Malaysia); Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Malaysia); Imran Mohd Ibrahim and Zahriladha Zakaria (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,
Malaysia)

This paper discusses the application of switchable open loop square ring defected ground structure
(DGS) for high isolation of 26 GHz band millimeter-wave (mm-wave) single pole double throw
(SPDT) discrete radio frequency (RF) switch for 5G application. Mathematical analysis of the DGS
is discussed in this paper for the bandstop response, where this response was used in a SPDT switch
for isolation performance. Layout of the SPDT switch with the switchable DGS was constructed

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

and then simulated in electromagnetic simulation software in order to analyze its performance. As a
result, the simulation showed that the switchable DGShas helped the SPDT switch to produce high
isolation performance of more than 30 dB in frequency band of interest (24.25 to 27.5 GHz) and
also outside of it. In addition, low insertion loss (≈ 1 dB) and high return loss (> 10 dB) indicated a
good allpass response that were produced during the transmit mode of the SPDT switch.

9:00 Design of Novel Rat-Race Coupler Based Analog Pr e-Distor tion Cir cuit for 5G
Appli ca t i on s
Gaurav Bhargava and Shubhankar Majumdar (National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, India)

In this paper, Analog Pre-distortion techniques are designed at 3.5 GHz to produce linearity for PA.
Firstly, the individual blocks like Wilkinson Power Divider (WPD), Hybrid Coupler (HC), Rat-race
Coupler (RRC), and Phase Shifter (PS) of 90-degree Phase shift, are individually designed and
simulated. After getting the simulated results, the layout of WPD, HC, and RRC are designed in
Keysight ADS software and the layout of PS is designed in Dip Traces software. After designing the
layout of WPD, HC, and PSis done on the Backlight PCBwhich is of dielectric 5. After performing
the simulation of each blocks of APD, all the blocks are combined and APD1 & APD2 circuits are
designed. Harmonic Balance (HB) Simulation is performed for both APDs to find the AM-AM,
AM-PM plots, and Intermodulation distortion (IMD) points. Based on IMD points, the APD1 will
provide good linearity as compared to APD2.

W ednesday, December 22
A3: Antenna and Radiating Elements 3

13:30 Size-Reduction of a Dual-Band Cir cular ly Polar ized Dielectr ic Resonator
Antennas (Invited Paper )
Azuwa Ali and Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia)

In this paper, a circularly polarized rectangular DRA has been designed and simulated for WiMAX,
satellite, 5G NR band applications. The design uses an F-shaped conducting patch with a parasitic
patch to excite the design. The bandwidth enhancement of the design has been achieved thorough
the optimization of the patch placement and gap distance for both conducting patch and parasitic
patch to cover the desired operating frequency. The S11<10 dB and axial ratio< -3 dB result covers
the operating frequency range. The designing and optimization of the design has been carried out
using the CST Studio Suite software

13:50 W ideband Confor mal Str ip Fed Millimeter W ave Rectangular Dielectr ic
Resonator Antenna for 5G Fr equency Band
Abinash Gaya and Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Sahar
Saleh (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia)

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

A microstrip line coupled probe fed Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) has been
designed here. The DRA offers a wide bandwidth of 3.54 GHz (23.30 GHz -26.84 GHz) which is
13.61 % of impedance bandwidth. The DRA is also metalized with a conformal microstrip line
which make the antenna circularly polarized. The DRA has a gain of 5.83 dBi and is excited under
characteristics mode of TE112. The calculated DRA dimensions are 0.25λ0×0.27λ0×0.11λ0. The
designed antenna here can be used as an idle candidate for millimeter wave 5G frequency band
applications from 23 GHz-28 GHz band.

14:10 Low-Pr ofile Polar ization-Adjustable Ring Slot Antenna for Millimeter -W ave
Appli ca t i on s
Peyman Aghabeyki (Aalborg University, Denmark); Masoud Hamidi (Tarbiat Modares University,
Iran); Gholamreza Moradi (Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran)

In this paper, a dual-port antenna with polarization adjustability is proposed for millimeter-wave
applications. The loading effect of four ring slots stimulates a hybrid mode in the cylindrical cavity
that generates eight magnetic monopoles with high gain in boresight. Through controlling the phase
difference between the two ports, six types of polarization can be demonstrated. Simulation results
in 28 GHz show a maximum gain of 13 dBi, 10%bandwidth, and a good cross-polarization level in
all polarization states. Distinct features including low-profile, low-cost, single-layer, and simple
feeding network make the antenna a suitable candidate for upcoming millimeter-wave and 5G
applications.

14:30 A Miniatur e Br oadband Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for 5G Mm-W ave W ir eless
Com m u n i ca t i on
Selvakumar Mariappan (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia & QEDT Venture, Malaysia); Nitesh
Sharma (QEDT Venture, Malaysia); Jagadheswaran Rajendran (Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Malaysia); Arokia Nathan (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Great Britain))

This paper presents the design of a compact and broadband antipodal vivaldi antenna (AVA) for
5th generation (5G) application operating at millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequencies. The
proposed antenna is designed in a compact size of 9.0 mm × 4.8 mm × 0.254 mm. The antenna
employs the Rogers RT5880 substrate for optimum and low loss circuit performances. The antenna
achieves a maximum gain of 5 dBi and a high radiation efficiency of more than 90%from 21.7 - 32.0
GHz. The antenna's bandwidth is ameliorated by incorporating optimized corrugations at the edges
of the flares. From the simulation results achieved, it is observed that the miniaturized antenna yields
a stable radiation pattern and lower side lobes. The proposed antenna fulfils the necessary
requirements and suitable for the 5G mmWave applications.

14:50 Dual Band Radiation Patter n Reconfigur able Antenna for Two-Por t 5G Mobile
Ter minals
Surentiran Padmanathan (ACE, UNIMAP, Malaysia); Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi (University
Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Ping Jack Soh (University of Oulu & Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Finland); Samir Salem Al-Bawri (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia)

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

In this paper, a dual band radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna for 5G mobile terminals is
presented. Two identical PIFA elements are connected to a PIN diode and feeding port to enable
reconfiguration. Copper strips are used as RF switches in this antenna design to represent the actual
PIN diodes. The switching of the two PIFA elements in sequence enabled the radiation pattern
reconfiguration in two frequency bands, with 6dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 3.8 to 18
GHz. Besides that, this antenna features high isolation and low envelope correlation coefficient due
to the low mutual coupling between the two ports. These advantages makes the antenna promising
for application in future 5G mobile terminals.

B3: Electr omagnetic W ave Applications, W ir eless & M obile Systems

13:30 Design and Simulation of Silicon-Based Antenna at 5.8 GHz ISM Band for Fat-
Intr abody Communication
Noor Badariah Asan and Hoh Si Xuan (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Robin
Augustine (Uppsala University, Sweden)

Thisstudyinvestigated a silicon-based antenna for fat-intrabodycommunication (fat-IBC) operated
at 5.8 GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The antenna was bioresorbable,
biocompatible, and flexible in characteristics. Thus, it could support a high data rate when
implanted for biomedical applications. The antenna was designed using the Computer Simulation
Technology (CST) simulator in a time-domain solver and optimized using the Trust Region
Framework (TRF) optimizer. The antenna transmission coefficient and group delay were
investigated as a function of the distance between the two antennas and the fat thicknesses of the
environments. These antennas were immersed in the single-layer fat tissue and three-layer tissue
(skin-muscle-fat). The simulation results showed that these antennas possessed excellent matching
in the fat tissue, with a decent transmission coefficient of -52.4 dB within the distance of 150 mm
and flat group delays ranging from 4.5 to 7.0 GHz.

13:50 A Review of EMF Radiation for 5G Mobile Communication Systems
Abeer Abdalla Zakaria Ibrahim (Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia); Mohammed
Suleiman Elbasheir (Sudan University of Science & Technology (SUST), Sudan); Rashid
Saeed (Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan); Fazirulhisyam Hashim (Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Salaheldin Edam (Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications,
Sudan); Saber M E Fadul (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

5G is projected to be the dominating technology for mobile networks in the next years. The
deployment of 5G is expected to substantiallyraise power density levels, which are necessary to cover
a specific area of concern by a significant increase in base station numbers. Overall radiation levels
pose a challenge for installing massive 5G base stations, especially in residential areas. This paper
reviews current state of EMF radiation evaluation for 5G base stations (BS) on humans. This review
covers the international standards exposure limits adopted by the International Commission on
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) USA, and also reviews some recent studies found related to Electromagnetic field (EMF)

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

radiation evaluation and analysis from different perspectives, we show their work methodologies
and results. The reviewed cases are classified into two main categories, assessment based on
simulation model and assessment based on filed measurement. Both categories have the same
objective to assess and evaluate the EMF radiation exposure from BSs.

14:10 Development of 4x4 Multistatic Micr owave Imaging System for Mater ial
Char acter ization
Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Bin Abd Aziz (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka & Hang Tuah Jaya,
Malaysia); Nuruliswa Abdullah (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia)

In order to detect and characterize the unknown material, Microwave Imaging (MWI) system is the
suitable technology as the detected material will not been destructed. The multistatic configuration
is the best configuration compared to monostatic and bistatic configurations due to the scanning
area that can cover 360-degrees. Besides that, current imaging technique such as X-ray and
Computed Tomography can be harmful to human and the environment while the Magnetic
Resonant Imaging is very expensive. Therefore, a Microwave Imaging system with 4x4 multistatic
configuration is developed to characterize the unknown materials. This project development
comprises of Vivaldi antenna as RF sensor, AD8318 module as the RF detector, Arduino MEGA as
the signal processor and 3.5" TFT screen as output display. The proposed developed system able to
characterize the material under test (MUT) for different permittivity values. The higher permittivity
value will produce the higher output voltage and lower RF output power. Therefore, this low-cost
system can be used to characterize unknown material for any application.

14:30 Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal for Pr ediction of Cor r osion on Car bon Steel
P i peli n es
Nurani Abdul Kafi (Malaysia); Zazilah May (Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia)

Naturally, all materials deteriorate over time and this is an obvious in the case of carbon steel
pipelines. The harsh environment it is placed in and the corrosion assisting fluids that flow through
it increases the rate of structural deterioration even further. Ineffective and inadequate corrosion
monitoring often lead to pipeline explosions that can damage the surrounding living things and
environment. This project trained and tested two prediction algorithms, the quadratic Support
Vector Machine (SVM) and ensemble RUSBoost trees, which classified Acoustic Emission (AE)
data into three regions. Region 1 represents AE activity experiencing decreasing corrosion rate.
Region 2 represents AE activity experiencing stagnant corrosion rate whereas Region 3 represents
AE activity experiencing increasing corrosion rate. The AE data consists of 17 AE features extracted
by an AEWIN software as well as the date and time for each hit. These features were analyzed in the
time domain and frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in MATLAB. Then, the
Kruskall-Wallis test ANOVA test was conducted using SPSS software to check if the median
between two or more groups are significantly different from each other for all possible AE feature
pairs. Features that show most significant differences between regions were found to improve
classification accuracy. When the significant features are not considered in the training and testing
of classification models, it showed a decrease in classification accuracy. Six features were selected to
be used as input into the two algorithms. A maximum accuracy of 86%was reached using ensemble

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

RUSBoost trees algorithm. The dataset used to train and test the algorithms was highly imbalanced
hence Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was performed prior to training and
testing.

14:50 SFCW Signal Gener ation of Dual Fr equency Channel Using LabVIEW
Si m u la t i on
Nor Hazima Ardzemi, Farah Nadia Mohd Isa, Norun Abdul Malek, Sarah Yasmin
Mohamad and Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli (International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia)

This paper describes the modelling process the dual channels stepped-frequency continuous wave
(SFCW) signal generation using LabVIEW software. The developed signal generator is a flexible
system where it can be used for any SFCW radar application with different frequency range as well
as single or dual channels. The system is presented using two frequency range: 1MHz to 401MHz
and 401MHz to 801MHz for channel one and two respectively. Both channels have 400MHz
bandwidth and divided into 8 steps with 50MHz of frequency step size and generated concurrently.
As the result, two waveforms are produced after generating the signals based on the mentioned
parameters. The proposed dual-channel SFCW signal generator was then analyzed and validated by
deconstructing the generated signals from both channels to obtain frequency components that exist
in each channel. The deconstructed SFCW waveform has been plotted which reflect the calculated
frequencies components of 1MHz, 51MHz, 101MHz, 151MHz, 201MHz, 251MHz, 301MHz,
351MHz for channel one and 401MHz, 451MHz, 501MHz, 551MHz, 601MHz, 651MHz,
701MHz, 751MHz for channel two.

A4: IEEE RFID Council Malaysia Chapter Special Session

15:20 Antipodal Dipole with Capacitive-Loaded Patches for Metal-Mountable RFID Tag
Design
Jiun Ian Tan (Universirti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia); Yong Hong Lee (Universiti Tunku
Abdul Rahman, Malaysia); Eng Hock Lim (Faculty of Engineering and Science, UTAR, Malaysia)

A compact tag antenna, which is made by folding a dipole into the antipodal constellation, is
proposed for designing an on-metal UHF RFID tag antenna. Each of the dipole arms is folded into
four segments of unequal length to achieve a compact size of 35 mm × 35 mm × 3.2 mm (0.1068 λ
× 0.1068 λ × 0.0098 λ). Two shorting stubs are then employed for reducing the tag's resonant
frequency to the desired UHF band. On the other hand, two loading patches are added to provide
additional shunt capacitance for enhancing the impedance matching level. It has been proved that
the conjugate match can be achieved by varying the dimensions of the shorting stubs and loading
patches. Simulation results show that the proposed tag antenna can achieve a maximum realized gain
of ~0.4 dBi in the boresight direction, which is equivalent to ~19.1 m when estimated using the Friis'
transmission equation.

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APACE 2021 - IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics

15:40 Development of CPW -Fed Dual-Band Confor mal Equilater al Squar e Slot-Ring
Antenna Using Or ganic Jute Textile
Muhammad Zairil Muhammad Nor (UiTM, Malaysia); Sharul Kamal A. Rahim (Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

A design of coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed equilateral square slot-ring antenna with flexible
capabilities are proposed and simulated. The proposed material is Jute Fiber composite as substrate
material while for its radiating element, a layer of conductive fabric is used. Due to the material used,
its flexible capabilities can adhere to curve surface, conformal and many wearable antenna
applications. The proposed design used square shaped slot ring with additional slots to achieve dual
band capabilities. Author used two layers of Jute Fiber and a conductive fabric with overall thickness
of 1.62mm. The return loss performance comparison between initial square slot-ring antenna
(without additional slot) and proposed design (with slots) is presented. All simulation result
obtained used CST Microwave Studio simulation tools.

16:00 W ear able UHF RFID Antenna Based Metamater ial
Nurr Syazwanie Khamaruzaman (University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Muzammil
Jusoh (Universiti Malaysia Perlis & School of Computer and Communiction Engineering,
Malaysia); Thennarasan Sabapathy (University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Mohamed Nasrun
Osman (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia); Suhaila Subahir (Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Malaysia); Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Ali
Hanafiah Rambe (Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia)

This paper presents the development a wearable RFID application that is flexible, compact, low-
cost, and suitable for the human body. The study's main goal is to design, build, and test a small and
flexible RFID wristband tag antenna with UHF RFID operating frequency at 910 MHz. The result
showsa good radiation pattern and an almost ideal VSWR which 1.09. Thus, a wearable UHF RFID
tag antenna is designed with a gain of -11.87 dB for bending analysis. The tag features a meander
dipole antenna with two square split-ring resonators (SRR) cells. A meander dipole antenna with
two square split-ring resonators (SRR) cells is featured on the tag. It's built on a 0.277mm thick
photo paper substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.2 and a loss tangent of 0.05. The proposed
antenna is then combined with an RFID tag (NXP SL3S1213 UCODE G2iL chip) with an
impedance of 23- j224 to evaluate its performance in terms of reflection coefficient, antenna gain,
and maximum reading range. The overall size of the antenna tag dimensions is 117 mm x 26 mm.

16:20 Miniatur e I-Shaped Patch for Metal-Mountable UHF RFID Tag Design
Ahmad Azlan Ab Aziz (Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Malaysia); Nabilah
Ripin (Malaysia); Nadzeefah Zamil (Institute of Power Engineering, Uniten, Malaysia); Ansari
Mohamed Nainar Mohamed and Noor Afeefah Nordin (Universiti Tenaga Nasional,
Malaysia); Eng Hock Lim (Faculty of Engineering and Science, UTAR, Malaysia)

A novel structure consists of an I-shaped radiating patch with double T-slots is designed for ultra-
high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag that can be used for mountable
metal tagging. The T-slots on the radiating patch increase the electrical current path resulting in size

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miniaturization. The radiating patch is shorted to the ground plane using an inductive stub, where
the inductive stub is useful for frequency tuning. The proposed tag is low in profile and has a
compact size of 43.45 mm × 43.45, equivalent to 0.133λ ×0.133λ at 920 MHz. It provides sufficient
resistance and inductive reactance for achieving conjugate impedance matching with the microchip.
The proposed tag offers a good power transmission coefficient and a theoretical read range of 8.4 m
with an EIPR of 4 W when mounted on a metallic surface

B4: Advance Mater ials, Passive and Coupling Str uctur es

15:20 Single Layer Double Squar e Loop Fr equency Selective Sur faces (FSS) for W ideband
Absor ption
Hamza Ahmad and Muhammad Hasnain (University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan,
Pakistan); Fauziahanim Che Seman (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Taimur
Khan, Abbas Khan and Abdu Allah (University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan,
Pakistan); MuhibUr Rahman (Polytechnique Montreal, Canada)

In this paper a planar rectangular microwave absorber in reference to frequency selective surface
(FSS) having double square loops is presented. The proposed absorber is highly efficient, compact
size and contributes large scale absorption beyond the x-band. To design the proposed structure a
single layer substrate (RT5880) on the top of which a single layer (FSS) is used having double square
loops. The four sides of each loop are interpolated with lumped resistive elements to execute the
absorption. The working absorption bandwidth of the proposed design keeping 2.43 mm (0.01λo)
overall thickness for the minimum cutoff frequency is ranging from 10.21-40.5GHz which is
30.32GHz. Design modeling of the proposed work is performed using currently available CST
software and for the clarification mechanism of absorption an equivalent circuit diagram is used.
The other Microwave absorber's key term angular stability in TE and TM modes for 30 degrees is
also analyzed and found stable for the proposed design.

15:40 Cr osstalk Noise Alleviation Technique for DDR5 Memor y Inter face on Compact
PW B
Chang Fei Yee (Keysight Technologies, Malaysia)

This paper discusses the far end crosstalk (FEXT) or coupling noise alleviation technique for DDR5
memory interface signals on outer layer of compact printed wire board (PWB) by appending
protrusions on signal traces. The study is carried out by analyzing FEXT in frequency (S41
parameter) and time domain. The analysis results show that the S41 experienced by the signal traces
with triangular protrusions is diminished by 5 dB across the full bandwidth of DDR5 data
communication, up to 10 GHz.

16:00 Ultr a-Thin and Confor mal SSPP Based UW B Low Pass Filter for B5G Radio Str ipe
Networ ks
Sunanda Lakkimsetti (IIT Guwahati, India); Rakhesh Singh Kshetrimayum (Indian Institute of
Technology Guwahati, India)

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This paper proposes a new design of ultra-thin and conformal SSPP based ultra wide band (UWB)
low pass filter (LPF) employing the theory of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). The
structure is made up of microstrip line corrugated with rectangular grooves which are loaded with
equilateral triangle on both sides of the substrate. The thickness of the conformal SSPP filter is very
small of the order of few micrometer and hence referred asnearlyzero thicknessmetal stripsresulting
in a strong confinement over a wide frequency range. It has been identified that the designed filter
has an UWB performance and its cut-off frequency can be easily controlled by changing the depth
of the groove and spacing of the corrugations. The simulated results show a -10 dB bandwidth from
0 GHz to 11.96 GHz with a rejection level of 65 dB at 13.6 GHz. The proposed conformal UWB
LPF can be extensively used in radio stripe networks for next generation beyond 5G applications.

16:20 Tensile Damage Assessment on Car bon Fiber Reinfor ced Laminate for 45 Ῡand 90 Ῡ
Layout Or ientation
Muhammad Shazwan Mahmud (Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia); Noor A'in A.
Rahman (University Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia); Zazilah May (Universiti Teknologi Petronas,
Malaysia)

Damage assessment is an important criteria to determine properties and characteristic for any
material. The diversity of fiber orientation and production method are among the source of
uncertainty in the behavior of carbon fiber composite product. The effort to study the effect of
carbon fiber layout orientation on layout orientation of 45 ᵖand 90 ᵖto the tensional force was
investigated in this study. The specimen was fabricated using single vacuum bagging method from
the carbon fiber reinforced prepreg to produce carbon fiber reinforcement laminate (CFRL). The
damage assessment was executed using tensile testing by following the ASTM D3039 with sample
dimension of (320 x 250 x 2.5) mm. Morphology assessment using scanning electron microscope
(SEM) was included to investigate closely the fiber and matrixfracture after breakage. Tensile results
showed significant different behavior on both orientations where 45 ᵖlayout orientation exhibit
ductile behavior meanwhile 90 ᵖlayout orientation tended to have clear brittle behavior.

A5: Antenna and Radiating Elements 4

16:40 A Compact High Gain 4-Por t MIMO Antenna System Using Defected Gr ound
Str uctur e for Mm-W ave 5G Applications
Abdu Allah and Hamza Ahmad (University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan,
Pakistan); Fauziahanim Che Seman (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); MuhibUr
Rahman (Polytechnique Montreal, Canada); Muhammad Sohail (Govt Post Graduate College
Mardan, Pakistan); Muhammad Hasnain (University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan,
Pakistan)

This paper presents a compact 4-Port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna array fed
by rectangular waveguide using defected ground structure (DGs) for 5G millimeter-wave
Applications. The proposed design consists of two radiating elements in each port, having

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rectangular and an E-shaped DGS structure to achieve high antenna performance. Each radiating
element is rectangular with an L-shaped structure and arc-shaped slots to balance the input and
output impedance. The radiating elements are backed by a 0.76 thicker Rogers-R04350B Substrate
having a loss tangent of 0.0037 and a relative permittivity of 3.66. The simulated results show that
the proposed design is capable of covering the operating impedance bandwidth ranging from
27.01GHz to 30.49GHz keeping the minimum port isolation equal to -18dB. A peak gain of 8.07
dBi is attained in the given bandwidth of 3.49GHz supporting the 5Gmm-wave Applications.
Moreover, Diversity Gain (DG) and the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) for the planned
design are analyzed as the MIMO performance metrics. These simulated results and its reduced size
show that this design is a probable competitor for inevitable 5G mm-wave Applications.

17:00 A Dual T-Shaped Compact Quad Element W ideband MIMO Antenna for Mm-
W ave Applications
Abdu Allah and Hamza Ahmad (University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan,
Pakistan); Fauziahanim CheSeman (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Muhammad
Sohail (Govt Post Graduate College Mardan, Pakistan); MuhibUr Rahman (Polytechnique
Montreal, Canada)

To overcome the atmospheric attenuation and path loss problems in the mm-wave portion of the
available spectrum for the wireless communication, high gain and restricted beam antenna systems
are necessary for the upcoming generation communication networks. In this work a compact quad
element wideband multiple-input multiple-output antenna system for 5G millimeter-wave wireless
communicationssystemsispresented. The proposed MIMO system containsfour antenna elements
in which each antenna acquires a dual T-shaped configuration that designates simple, efficient, and
excellent MIMO antenna system capabilities. The overall dimension for the proposed design is
22×22×1.57mm3 using RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a tangent
loss of 0.0009. The proposed four element MIMO antenna configuration can operate at a very wide
simulated impedance bandwidth ranging from 36.32-40.5 GHz. The maximum peak gain achieved
by the proposed MIMO antenna is 7.17 dBi at 38 GHz with a minimum port isolation of -25 db.
Furthermore, the MIMO performance metrics of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and
diversity gain (DG) are examined which exhibits good MIMO features throughout the operating
bandwidth of 4.2 GHz. The proposed MIMO antenna system radiates efficiently with a radiation
efficiency of more than 80% at desired operating frequency band which make it a probable
contestant for theforthcomingmm-wave 5G wirelesscommunication applicationsof compact sizes.

17:20 Design of Compact Dual-Por t Super W ideband MIMO Antennas for
Communication Systems
Bashar Esmail (UTM, Malaysia); Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim, Noor Asmawati Samsuri and Osman
Bin Ayop (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Noor Asniza Murad (University Technology
Malaysia, Malaysia); Huda A. Majid (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Hussam H
Keriee (UniversitI TechnologI Malaysia & Advanced RF and Microwave Research Group
(ARFMRG), Malaysia); Fayad Ghawbar (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

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This paper presents the design of a compact super wideband (SWB) antenna. The basic structure of
the antenna is the slotted elliptical shape and partial ground proposed to achieve SWBproperty. The
antenna is designed on the FR4 substrate material with a compact size of 20 ×20 mm2. The
simulation results demonstrate that the reflection coefficient is less than -10 dB in the range of 3.6
GHz to 36.5 GHz. Furthermore, this design offers a dual-beam radiation pattern in the xy-plane and
a peak gain of 6 dB. Then, the two-port SWB MIMO antennas are implemented, in which the two
antennas are arranged orthogonally for obtaining high isolation in the whole operating band. The
simulation result demonstrates that the isolation is better than 16 dB. The performance of MIMO
antennas is studied in terms of the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG),
and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), where all the parameters have values within the
appropriate range. The proposed antenna can be used for UWB, Ku, K, Ka-band communication
systems.

17:40 Differ ent Configur ations of a Two-Element MIMO Antenna for Mutual Coupling
Reduction in 5G Application
Hamizan Yon (UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia); Nurul Huda Abd Rahman (Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Malaysia); Hadi Jumaat and Mohd Aris (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia); Mohd
Haizal Jamaluddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

In the 5G multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna system, isolation between antenna
elements is a critical parameter to be observed to ensure excellent communication. Previously, many
techniques have been used to improve antenna isolation. This paper analyzes two-element MIMO
antennas with C-shaped parasitic structures arranged in three configurations; linear, orthogonal and
mirrored. The performances of the antennas are compared through parametric study and detailed
simulation performed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) tool. Based on the results,
excellent performance is achieved by introducingthe C-shaped parasitic element placed around each
antenna element, which hasenhanced the isolation in themultiple antenna configurations. Through
S-parameter observation, the mutual coupling is -23.86dB for the antenna in the linear structure,
whereas -21.03dB and -15.00dB in the orthogonal and mirrored configuration, respectively. Other
essential MIMO parameters such as mutual coupling, surface current distribution, envelope
correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain (DG) have been simulated to verify the MIMO
system reliability and validity for all three antenna configurations

A6: Antenna and Radiating Elements 5

16:40 5G Millimeter W ave Vivaldi Taper ed Slot Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth
Sahar Saleh (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia); Widad Ismail (Engineering Campus, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Malaysia); Intan Zainal Abidin (Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Haizal
Jamaluddin and Abinash Gaya (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohammed H
Bataineh and Asem Alzoubi (Yarmouk University, Jordan); Samir Salem Al-Bawri (Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia)

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Compact 5G mmWave Vivaldi Tapered Slot Antenna(VTSA) with enhanced Bandwidth is
designed and simulated in thispaper. The proposed antenna isdesigned at 26 GHzband with a small
size and it provides good input matching (< -11.17 dB), enhanced Bandwidth (BW) of 12.1 GHz,
stable radiation pattern, and high peak gain (5.76 dBi) without using any gain or BW enhancement
techniques. The small size of the proposed antenna (8.1 mm x 8.3 mm x 0.813 mm) along with its
good performance make it a suitable candidate for mmWave 5G applications The simulation in this
paper is carried out using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software which is based on
Finite Integration Technique (FIT).

17:00 OAM-Based Reflectar r ay Antenna for THz Indoor Communications
Ali Jihad Ali (Institute for Communication Systems, United Kingdom (Great Britain) & University
of Surrey, United Kingdom (Great Britain)); Mohsen Khalily (University of Surrey & 5G
Innovation Centre, Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), United Kingdom (Great
Britain)); Ali Araghi, Seyed Ehsan Hosseininejad and Rahim Tafazolli (Universityof Surrey, United
Kingdom (Great Britain))

The proposed paper presents a reflectarray antenna (RA) to generate different orbital angular
momentum (OAM) beams in the terahertz (THz) band. A phase-variation of 341° at 116 GHz is
achieved by the utilized unit cell, which is comprised of circular and square rings. The discussed
antenna employs THz, RAs, and OAM technologies to enhance the antenna characteristics to be a
potential candidate for the 6G indoor communications.

17:20 Design and Simulation of Dipole Patch Antenna Using Gr aphene Sheet for UHF-
RFID Application
Ahmad Azlan Ab Aziz (Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Malaysia); Nadzeefah
Zamil (Institute of Power Engineering, Uniten, Malaysia); Nabilah Ripin (Malaysia); Ansari
Mohamed Nainar Mohamed, Yanti Erana Jalil, Noor Afeefah Nordin and Izhan
Abdullah (Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia); Zainudin Yahya Yahya (UNITEN, Malaysia)

This paper proposes a novel dipole patch antenna design using graphene sheet for UHF-RFID
application. This design is required to compensate for the size of pure epoxy substrate which is 120
× 53 × 2 mm3 at 915 MHz resonant frequency. In order to fulfill these requirements, some
miniaturization techniques have been implemented such as meander-line, capacitive loading, T-
matching stub and SMD capacitive. Based on the simulation results, this new design can reduce
28.74%of the original antenna length and obtain total efficiency of the RFID tag up to 58.20%.

17:40 Development of Thin Dielectr ic Lens Antenna for Small Focusing Spot in Human
Body
Amirah Abd Rahman and Kamilia Kamardin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Yoshihide
Yamada (Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
Malaysia); Masaharu Takahashi (Chiba University, Japan)

In hyperthermia therapy, it is necessary to assure electromagnetic radiation is concentrated only on
the targeted area and not in the surrounding healthy tissues. An initial focused dielectric lens

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operated at 2.45 GHz has been designed to achieve small focusing spot in 2/ 3 muscle equivalent
phantom. Thickness of the initial lens is then minimized to develop a thin lens. The spot size and
power density at the focusing spot are evaluated between the thin lens and the initial lens design.
Power density achieved by the thin lensis in good agreement to that of the initial lens. The treatment
spot of 2.78 cm is capable to be achieved by the thin lens. The proposed thin lens design might be
suitable for achieving small focusing spot in human body.

B5: RF Measur ement, Sensor s & Systems

16:40 Char acter isation and Modelling of Micr owave Open-Ended Coaxial Sensor for in
Vivo Non-Invasive Glucose Content Measur ements (Invited Paper )
Kim Yee Lee (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia); Yeong Nan Phua (UTAR,
Malaysia); Eng Hock Lim (Faculty of Engineering and Science, UTAR, Malaysia); Cheng Ee
Meng (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Kok Yeow You (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
Malaysia)

Diabetes is one of the world-leading lethal diseases that have no cure, but it is manageable to prevent
further deterioration. The in vivo non-invasive glucose monitoring method can be a key to aid the
diabetes patient in monitoring the glucose level effectively in the future with the features of cost-
effectiveness, painless and minimum infection. In this paper, the dielectric measurement technique
has been applied to obtain the relationship between dielectric properties and the in vivo blood
glucose concentration on a human subject. An open-ended coaxial sensor is used to measure the EM
parameters at various blood glucose concentrations by placing them on Pulse, Thumb and Finger.
The measurement data have been collected and compared to the commercial invasive glucose meter.
The characterisation and modelling have been performed with a few selected frequencies at 1GHz,
2GHz and 4GHz. Based on the analysis, the dielectric constant drops and the loss factor rises as the
glucose level increases. The models have been validated, and the performance has been analysed. It
was showed that the Pulse is the optimal position to apply for the non-invasive blood glucose
measurement.

17:00 Micr owave Biosensor Based on A Single Squar e Split Ring Resonator for Dielectr ic
Constant Detection
Adel Ashyap (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Samsul Haimi Dahlan (Universiti
Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia, Malaysia); See Khee Yee (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia & Lecturer,
Malaysia); Huda A. Majid, Fauziahanim Che Seman and Shaharil Mohd Shah (Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

This paper presents a microwave biosensor based on a single square split ring resonator operating in
the millimeter-wave band. The millimeter-wave band was chosen because of its high sensitivity to
liquidsand low conductivityto impuritiesin the MUT. The microwave biosensor consistsof a single
square split ring resonator connected by two strip lines on the top and a full ground plane at the
back. The overall size of the microwave biosensor is 16×8×0.254 mm3 . It is presented to detect the

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change of the dielectric constant value of the liquid solution. The simulation resultsreveal that when
a material under test (MUT) with a higher dielectric constant value is placed in the gap, the
transmission coefficient response shifts to a lower frequency band. Hence, the presented microwave
biosensor can provide a feasible method with good sensitivity and can sense the dielectric constant
of various liquid solutions in the millimeter-wave band.

17:20 Design of a High Dir ective Sensor with SRR for Micr owave Imaging Application
Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Bin Abd Aziz (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka & Hang Tuah Jaya,
Malaysia); Nuruliswa Abdullah (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Abd Shukur
Ja'afar (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia & Center for Telecommunication Research
& Innovation (CeTRI), Malaysia)

Test submission to be tested by TPC. This is a trial to test whether the link is OK or otherwise In
this paper, metamaterial unit cell integration with antenna is presented. This sensor aims to improve
the directivity of the previous sensor. As a proposed design, adding metamaterial in front of the
antenna will help increase the direction. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 61.03
mm×70 mm. It can be seen that earlier, the sensor was resonating at 3-7.19 GHz in the simulation
and 3-7.28 GHz in the measurement. The return losses at these frequencies were around 28.9 dB at
6.78 GHz in the simulation and 3.78 GHz in the measurement, respectively. After placing the of
two SRR were aligned from the endfire end for Design B, it was found from the simulated result
that the return loss dropped significantly to around -43.3 dB at 4.12 GHz in the simulation and -30
dB at 4.4 GHz in the measurement. Reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, gain, efficiency, and
directivity were the sensor parameters analyzed to determine the metamaterial performance. The
gain of the metamaterial sensor is increasing by 1.29 dBi in simulation and 2.88 dBi in measurement.
The directivity of the sensor also increases by 1.45 dBi in simulation and 1.71 dBi in measurement.
In a nutshell, the proposed sensor can be used for microwave imaging applications

17:40 PCA Analysis on Acoustic Emission Featur es of Coated Car bon Steel Substr ate
Noor A'in A. Rahman (University Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia); Muhammad Shazwan
Mahmud and Zazilah May (Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia)

The acoustic emission (AE) techniques were applied to monitor the electrochemical activitiesoccurs
during immersion test. The open circuit potential (OCP) measurement was recorded during
acquisition of AE signal. AE acqusition were carried out and OCP values were recorded
simultaneously during immersion test. Furthermore, the recorded variation number of hits was in
good accordance with the variation OCP values. AE features such as energy, amplitude, hits, counts,
signal strength, rise time were used to analysed the AE signal originate from the electrochemical
reaction. A dimension reduction through principal component analysis (PCA) of the feature data
of all groups was performed. Furthermore, PCA was used to automatically identified the correlation
between AE features and three cluster were classify by k-means algorithm. The output was
successfully identified the most significant features contribute in this work.

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AUT H OR IN DEX

Abbas Khan Hussam H Keriee Nabilah Ripin

Abd Shukur Ja'afar Imran Mohd Ibrahim Nadzeefah Zamil

Abdu Allah Intan Zainal Abidin Najib Fadhali

Abdul Quaiyum Quaiyum Ansari Ismahayati Adam Nitesh Sharma

Abinash Gaya Izhan Abdullah Noor A'in A. Rahman

Adel Ashyap Jafri Din Noor Afeefah Nordin

Aduwati Sali Jagadheswaran Rajendran Noor Asmawati Samsuri

Aisya Nur Aulia Yusuf Jannarthana Rao Nookanaidu Noor Asniza Murad

Ali Araghi Jens Bornemann Noor Azwan Shairi

Ali Hanafiah Rambe John Fong Nor Zakiah Yahaya

Alyani Ismail Kamilia Kamardin Norun Abdul Malek

Aminudin Jamlos Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani Nur Akmal Abd Rahman

Amirul Aizat Zolkefli Kim Yee Lee Nurul Huda Abd Rahman

Ansari Mohamed Nainar MohamedKok Yeow You Nurul Syahira Nordin

Arokia Nathan M M Rashid Nurulazlina Ramli

Asem Alzoubi Masaharu Takahashi Nuruliswa Abdullah

Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi Masoud Hamidi Omar Abdul Aziz

Boualem Hammache Massinissa Belazzoug Omar Ramahi

Cheng Ee Meng Md Rokunuzzaman Robel Osman Bin Ayop

Dharu Arseno Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim Pei Song Chee

Eng Hock Lim Mohamed Nasrun Osman Ping Jack Soh

Farah Nadia Mohd Isa Mohammad Hashmi Prima Dewi Purnamasari

Fathima Joofa Mohammed H Bataineh Rahim Tafazolli

Fathima Zeena Mohammed Salih Mohammed GismRaalljaendran Hirshan

Fatin Hamimah Ikhsan Mohammed Suleiman Elbasheir Rakhesh Singh Kshetrimayum

Fauziahanim Che Seman Mohd Aris Rashid Saeed

Fayad Ghawbar Mohd Hairi Mohd Zaman Robiatun Adayiah Awang

Fazirulhisyam Hashim Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin Robin Augustine

Fiky Suratman Mohd Helmi Mazlan Huzairi Saber M E Fadul

Gholamreza Moradi Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin Sahar Saleh

Hadi Jumaat Mohd Nizar Hamidon Salaheldin Edam

Hamza Ahmad Mohsen Khalily Samir Salem Al-Bawri

Hamza Ahmad Mashagba Mourad Nedil Samsul Haimi Dahlan

Hidayath Mirza Muhammad Hasnain Sarah Yasmin Mohamad

Hoh Si Xuan Muhammad Shazwan Mahmud Saranraj Karuppuswami

Hong Yin Lam Muhammad Sohail See Khee Yee

Huda A. Majid MuhibUr Rahman Serigne Bira Gueye

Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli Muzammil Jusoh Seyed Ehsan Hosseininejad

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Shaharil Mohd Shah Ali Jihad Ali Mohammad Faiz Liew Abdullah
Sharul Kamal A. Rahim
Shubhankar Majumdar Aloysius Adya Pramudita Mohd Hafiz Baharuddin
Siew Peng Chng
Soo Yong Lim Amirah Abd Rahman Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali
Su Mei Chan
Su Sean Lim Anis Fariza Md Pazil Mouhamed Fadel Diagana
Suhaila Subahir
Taimur Khan Arun Kumar Muhammad Shazwan Mahmud
Thennarasan Sabapathy
W. G. C. W. Kumara Asif Ahmed Muhammad Zairil Muhammad Nor
Wafi A. Mabrouk
Wayne Rowe Ayuni Afiqah Arjunaidi Mussa Mabrok
Widad Ismail
Yanti Erana Jalil Azuwa Ali Ngu War Hlaing
Yeong Nan Phua
Yong Hong Lee Badrul Hisham Ahmad Noor A'in A. Rahman
Yoshihide Yamada
Zahriladha Zakaria Bashar Esmail Noor Badariah Asan
Zainudin Yahya Yahya
Zazilah May Chang Fei Yee Nor Hazima Ardzemi
Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin
Abdu Allah Deisy Mamedes Norazah Abdullah
Abeer Abdalla Zakaria Ibrahim
Abinash Gaya Faizal Jamlos Norlina Mohd Zain
Adel Ashyap
Adib Othman Fitri Yuli Zulkifli Nurani Abdul Kafi
Ahmad Azlan Ab Aziz
Fwee Leong Bong Nurr Syazwanie Khamaruzaman

Gaurav Bhargava Omar Ramahi

Hamizan Yon Peyman Aghabeyki

Hamza Ahmad Rais Ahmad Sheikh

Haruichi Kanaya Sahar Saleh

Hasliza A Rahim Selvakumar Mariappan

Jafri Din Subbiah Alagiasundaram

Jiun Ian Tan Suhaila Subahir

Juhi Jahani Sunanda Lakkimsetti

Kaharudin Dimyati Surentiran Padmanathan

Kim Yee Lee Wei Zhi Sek

M M Rashid Wen Shu Wong

Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Bin Abd AYzoizucef Braham Chaouche

Mohamed Himdi Zahraa R. M. Hajiyat

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N OT ES

This program book based on information updated up to 14 December 2021

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