SCHEDULED WASTE MANAGEMENT SSM 1043 GROUP B
14-34 Senarai Pengarang 1 Pendahuluan 2 Definisi Sisa Terjadual 3 Pengelasan sisa terjadual 4-16 Cara untuk mengurus sisa terjadual dengan baik Kesan jika sisa terjadual tidak diuruskan dengan baik Rujukan 41 35-40 ISI KANDUNGAN
SENARAI PENGARANG NUR ALWANIE ZANIRAH BINTI ABDUL RAIZAN (E20231032243) Nge Eam Ping (E20231032247) Oscar Wong Chen En (E20231032250) 1
Pendahuluan Kami pelajar diploma teknologi makmal dan sains semester 1 2023/2024 telah berjaya menyiapkan tugasan ebook bagi khursus SSM1043 ,Pengurusan , Keselamatan dan Operasi Makmal Sains. E-book ini telah diterbitkan adalah untuk membantu pelajar untuk mengetahui dengan lebih lanjut berkaitan dengan cara pengurusan sisa terjadual seperti definisi , pengelasan , cara mwngurus sisa terjadual dengan betul dan kesan jika sisa terjadual tidak diuruskan dengan betul. 2 Obejktif e-book ini adalah untuk: 1.Menambahkan pengetahuan kepada pembaca berkaitaN dengan cara mengendalikan sisa terjadual. 2.Memberi kesedaran kepada pembaca tentang kesan sekiranya tidak mengaplikasikan pengurusan sisa terjadual 3.Pembaca dapat menilai dan mengaplikasikan sisa terjadual dengan cara yang betul 4.Mengurangkan kesan negatif terutamanya kepada alam sekitar dengan penggunaan sisa terjadual yangbaik
Sisa buangan yang mana berpotensi memberi risiko berbahaya kepada manusia dan alam sekitar sekiranya tidak diuruskan dengan betul. DEFINISI SISA TERJADUAL 3
SW 1 METAL AND METALBEARING WASTES 4
SW 1 SW 102 Sisa pembuangan bateri asid plumbum dalam bentuk keseluruhan atau hancur 5 Bateri kereta Bateri telefon Bateri produk elektronik Sumber: Bateri litium-ion Lead acid bateri Contoh bateri:
SW 1 SW 109 Sisa yang mengandungi merkuri atau sebatianny 6 Termometer Bateri Merkuri mentol Contoh: Peralatan makmal Sumber:
SW 2 BUANGAN YANG MENGANDUNGI JUZUK TIDAK ORGANIK YANG MUNGKIN MENGANDUNGI LOGAM DAN BAHAN ORGANIK 7
SW 2 8 Sistem perpaipan Pembinaan kapal Simen dan seramik Sumber: SW 201 Sisa asbestos dalam bentuk enap camar, habuk atau gentian Asbestos Terpakai Sisa simen Contoh:
SW 2 Air sisa Rawatan enap cemar Contoh: 9 Sumber: Process penyahairan dan penekanan enap cemar SW 204 Enap camar mengandungi satu atau beberapa logam termasuk krolum kuprum, nikel, zink, plumbum, kadmlum, aluminium, timah, vanadlum dan beryttium
SW 3 Sisa yang mengandungi juzuk organik pada dasar yang mengkin mengandungi logam dan bahan bukan organik 10
SW 3 SW 301 Asid organik terpakai yang menghakis atau berbahaya dengan kurang ph atau sama dengan 2 11 Acetic asid terpakai Oxalic asid terpakai Glyolic asid terpakai Contoh: Sumber: Penghasilan vinyl acetate monomer
SW 3 Mesin Penlicir industri Sumber: 12 SW305 Minyak pelincir terpakai Enjin kenderaan Gear dalam mesin Contoh:
Sisa yang mungkin mengandungi sama ada juzuk bukan inorganik atau organik SW 4 13
SW403 Dadah terbuang yang mengandungi bahan psikotropik atau mengandungi bahan toksik, berbahaya, karsinogenik, mutagenik atau teratogenik SW 4 14 Farmasi Hospital Klinik Sumber: Contoh: Ubat antidepresan, analgesik yang tamat tempoh
SW 4 SW418 Dakwat,cat, pigmen, lakuer,pewarna atau produk varnis yang mengandungi pelarut organik dibuang atau luar spesifikasi 15 Kedai mengecat Pembuatan cat Sumber: Salutan berasaskan air Salutan berasaskan pelarut Contoh:
SW 5 SW 501 Apa-apa sisa daripada pengolahan atau pemerolehan kembali buangan terjadual 16 Contoh: Sisa Sumber: Rawatan atau pemulihan buangan terjadual
S O L I D W A S T E A N D P U B L I C C L E A N S I N G M A N A G E M E N T A C T 2 0 0 7 HOW TO DISPOSE An Act to provide for and regulate the managment of controlled solid waste and public cleancing for the purpose of maintaining plopel sanitation and for mattels incidental theleto. [States of Perlis Kedah, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan,Malaccaand Johore and the Federal Terrotories og Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya--1 September 2011] 17
FIRST WE NEED TO IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE WASTE Must evaluate their waste for its (physical, chemical, and biological characteristics 18
RECYCLABLE MATERIAL (E.G., PAPER, SODA CANS) COMPOSTABLE ORGANIC WASTE (e.g., food, animal bedding, biodegradable plastics) non-hazardous solid waste 19
HAZARDOUS RADIOACTIVE WASTE containing or contaminated with a radioactive isotope hazardous biology waste containing or contaminated with an infectious or potentially infectious agent, a biological toxin, animal carcasses, genetically modified organisms, recombinant DNA, etc. 20
hazardous chemical waste waste chemicals, products that are chemical (cleaning agents, paint, motor oil, and pharmaceutics), products that contain chemicals (fluorescent lamps, thermometers), or materials contaminated with chemicals (contaminated soil or rags) otherwise regulated material asbestos, car batteries, contaminated soil, and construction debris 21
WHILE HANDLING THE WASTE Make sure to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) 22
GUIDELINE OF SCHEDULE WASTE MANAGEMENT Introduction UNDER REGULATION 7 (1), ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY (SCHEDULED MASTE) REGULATION2005, A WASTE GENERATOR MAY APPLY TO THE DIRECTOR GENERAL, IN WRITING, TO EXCLUDE THE SCHEDULED WASTES GENERATED FROM THEIR PARTICULAR FACILITY OR PROCESS FROM BEING TREATED, DISPOSED OF OR RECOVERED AT THE PRESCRIBED PREMISES. THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE APPLICATION ARE DESCRIBED IN THESE GUIDELINES. 23
FOR THE APPLICATION TO BE CONSIDERED, SCHEDULED WASTE GENERATORS MUST DEMONSTRATE THAT THE WASTE MEETS ALL THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: DOES NOT EXHIBIT ANY OF THE HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS - CORROSIVITY, IGNITABILITY, REACTIVITY, AND TOXICITY, AS DEFINED IN APPENDIX I; AND AS BEEN PROVEN BY SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OR TESTS ON ITS TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY AND DOES NOT HAVE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS ON HUMANS OR OTHER LIFE FORMS AS SPECIFIED IN APPENDIX II, IN CONCENTRATION THAT IS EQUAL TO, OR EXCEEDS THE PERCENTAGE LIMITS (PERCENTAGE WEIGHTS) SPECIFIED IN APPENDIX III. A GENERATOR/ APPLICANT SHALL SUBMIT REPORTS, RECORDS, OR JOURNALS TO PROVE THAT THE WASTE DOES NOT EXHIBIT ANY OF THE ELEMENTS MENTIONED. 24
THE APPLICANT SHALL PROVIDE THE INFORMATION AS REQUIRED IN AS WM1/2005 FORM TOGETHER WITH A PROCESSING FEE OF RM 300.00 WHICHIS NOT REFUNDABLE (APPENDIX IV) 25
WASTE SHALL BE PROVEN TO COMPLY WITH THE SPECIFIED LIMIT AS IN CORROSICITY IGNITABILITY REACTIVITY ATOXICITY (TTLC & TCLP) 26
WASTE DOES NOT EXHIBIT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY AND IS NOT HAZARDOUS TO HUMAN HEALTH, OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT AS SPECIFIED IN APPENDIX II AND APPENDIX III. INFORMATION NEEDS TO BE SUBMITTED THROUGH ASWM FORM 1/2005 (APPENDIX IV) WITH RM300 FOR THE PROCESSING FEE, APPLICATION CHECKLIST Waste utilization as alternative raw material. Disposal of wastss at sanitary landfill 27
EVERY WASTE GENERATOR SHALL ENSURE THAT SCHEDULED WASTES GENERATED BY HIM ARE PROPERLY STORED, TREATED ON-SITE. RECOVERED ON-SITE FOR MATERIAL OR PRODUCT FROM SUCH SCHEDULED WASTES, OR DELIVERED TO AND RECEIVED AT PRESCRIBED PREMISES FOR TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, OR RECOVERY OF MATERIAL OR PRODUCT FROM SCHEDULED WASTES. 28
EVERY WASTE GENERATOR SHALL ENSURE THAT SCHEDULED WASTES THAT ARE SUBJECTED TO MOVEMENT OR TRANSFER BE PACKAGED, LABELED, AND TRANSPORTED FOLLOWING THE GUIDELINES PRESCRIBED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL. 29
Processes and extracts certain useful materials from solvent, oil, acids, or metals which may be reused. water can also be undergoing the treatment process Treatment and Disposal 30
OIL RECOVERY MINERAL OIL & OIL EMULSION USING OIL WATER SEPARATION METHODS SUCH AS GRAVITY SEPARATION, COALESCENCE SEPARATION, EMULSION SPLITTING, ULTRAFILTRATION. AND AIR FLOTATION. AFTER THE OIL-WATER SEPARATION PROCESS, SOME WASTE OIL WILL STILL BE PRESENT. THE WASTE OIL WILL THEN BE REFINED USING DISTILLATION OR ACID/CLAY TO PRODUCE OIL THAT CAN BE REUSED FOR GENERAL PURPOSES SUCH AS TIMBER PRESERVATIVE AND LOW-GRADE GREASE OR LUBRICANT. 31
SOLVENT RECOVERY USING DISTILLATION PROCESS. USUALLY USED IN ALCOHOL SOLVENT RECOVERY IN FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING AND THINNER SOLVENT RECOVERY AT MOTOR AND PANEL REPAIR WORKSHOPS. 32
METAL RECOVERY RECOVER METAL ELEMENTS LIKE CHROMIUM, COPPER. ALUMINIUM, ZINC, CADMIUM AND NICKEL. PHOTOFINISHING WASTES, SPENT CATALYSTS & ELECTRONIC WASTES GO THROUCH A PROCESS CALLED ELECTRONIC METAL RECOVERY TO EXTRACT SILVER, NICKEL. CHROMIUM, PLATINUM, PALLADIUM, COPPER, AND OTHER PRECIOUS METALS. A PROCESS CALLED RE-MELTING IS USED TO RECOVER SOLDER FROM SOLDER DROSS ELECTROPLATING WASTES GOES THROUGH METAL PRECIPITATION AND ION EXCHANGE 33
IMPORTANT!! THE RECOVERY OF WASTE AND BY-PRODUCTS IS INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT AT AN ECONOMY LEVEL. THE MAIN REASON IS THAT THE USE OF RECOVERED MATERIALS, FROM THE PROCESS ITSELF OR OTHER PROCESSES, REPRESENTS A VERY IMPORTANT COST REDUCTION COMPARED TO THE PURCHASE OF NEW RAW MATERIALS. 34
IMPACT / EFFECT OF IMPROPERLY DISPOSED OF SCHEDULE WASTESCHEDULE WASTE ; WASTE DISPOSAL IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES IN THE WORLD. WITHOUT WASTE DISPOSAL, THE MASSIVE PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES PRODUCE TOO MUCH AND QUICKLY DESTROY THE ENVIRONMENT. THIS IS APPARENT WHEN YOU CONSIDER HOW IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL AFFECTS THE ENVIRONMENT. WHAT WOULD HAPPEN WHEN THE SCHEDULED WASTE IS NOT DISPOSED PROPERLY? POLLUTION LAND POLLUTION Pollution of land occurs when waste ends up on soil or other land that humans could be processing instead. The waste does not simply remain there; the contents decompose, whether by rotting or time, and leak into the surrounding area as well. This implies that the dirt and nearby areas absorb pollutants, making humans and animals vulnerable. 35
WATER POLLUTION Whatever waste doesn’t go into landfills or other disposal areas usually finds its way into the ocean or other bodies of water. It then breaks down into the ocean, slowly contaminating the water and choking out the life that water hosts. This process raises the toxicity of the water, making freshwater unsafe for human consumption and any body of water toxic for those swimming in the water. Since water travels and is a great solvent, the pollutants don’t easily leave the area and can contaminate other water sources 36
AIR POLLUTION Air pollution is a big problem all around the world, and it is vital to understand how improper disposal of waste impacts the ecosystem through air pollution. According to a fundamental understanding of air pollution, greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere and cause huge global climate change. Excess gases entering the environment and generating these difficulties are exacerbated by improper garbage disposal. The decomposition of the garbage produces gases such as methane, which contributes significantly to global climate change. 37
LOSS OF HABITATS Every animal can survive in a variety of conditions. This is why we only see particular animals in certain places. However, waste contributes to global climate change, which impacts the size of animal habitats. As polar bears seek to migrate out of regions with diminishing habitat size, they go extinct. 38
UNHEALTHY GASEOUS THAT ARE RELEASED TO THE ATMOSPHERE THICKENS THE OZONE LAYER CHANGES THE CLIMATE AND MELTS THE ICE RAISES THE SEA LEVEL EXTREME WEATHER TURNS INTO DISASTERS SUCH AS FLOOD AND TORNADOS 39
EFFECT ON HUMANS INFECTIOUS DISEASES : Skin irritation, blood infections , respiratory problems , growth problems and unhealthy child birth 40
RUJUKAN 1.https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/wpcontent/uploads/2016/08/1451866969- (updated)%20English%20Module%202%20SW%20 Management%20(Regulations%202-6)(EiMAS).pdf 2.https://pentasflora.com/resources/scheduledwaste-codes/ 3https://toolsfortransformation.net/wpcontent/uploads/2017/03/Type-and-sources-ofScheduled-Waste.pdf 41