LAN Wiring Third Edition by James Trulove

526 Index

T56A, 422–423 telecommunication room (TR) (continued)
T56B, 422–423 patch panels in, 154, 188
TBS 155, 306 power requirements for, 360–362
technicians, cabling, 438–439 punchdown blocks in, 155–171, 156
technology advances, 36–38 routing and dressing devices in,
Teflon, 102 171–174
Telecommunication Industry Association size requirements of, 359–360, 360t
standards for, 154, 184–185, 185t
(TIA), 18, 62 standoffs and distribution rings in,
telecommunication room (TR), 26, 27, 34, 172–173, 173, 174
surge protection in, 361
153–185, 349–365 Type 110 connecting blocks in,
accessibility in, 358–359 155–160, 156, 193
appearance of, 358–359 Type 66M connecting blocks in,
backbone cabling and, 154, 352–354, 160–167, 161, 162, 184, 193
uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) in,
362–365 361–362
bend radius and, 185 user equipment location and, 174–177
BIX connecting blocks in, 168–170, wire management in, 173–174, 349–365
wire twist preservation and, 184–185,
169, 193 185t
color codes in, 352–353, 353t workmanship in, 184–185, 185t
connectors and jacks in, 354, 355
cross-connects in, 154, 350–351 Telecommunications Distribution Methods
definition of, 350–351 Manual (TDMM), 442
distribution frame for 66M connecting
Telecommunications Industry Association
blocks in, 166–167, 166 (TIA), 17, 19, 350, 434, 486, 488,
equipment room (ER) and, 350–351 493, 500
fiber-optics termination in, 177–183, 260
hierarchy of cabling/components in, Telecommunications Systems Bulletins
(TSBs), TIA updates, 368
350–351, 351
horizontal cabling in, 154, 352–354 telephone, 68
horizontal cross-connect in, 350 connectors, jacks and, 139
horizontal runs to, 353–354 telephone and data combined, 14–16
hub location and, 174–177
HVAC requirements for, 361 terminology of LAN cabling, 17–19
intermediate cross-connect in, 350 testing, 367–403
jumpers in, 154
Krone connecting blocks in, 170–171, accuracy levels, 381, 382t
analog vs. digital field testers for,
170, 193
length of cable to, 354–359 400–402
local exchange carrier (LEC) cabling in, attenuation, 385, 386, 388–390, 389t
attenuation to crosstalk ratio (ACR),
350
location of, 11, 174–177 386, 391
location and routing of cables in, 32–33 cable and connecting hardware,
main cross-connect in, 350
marking and identification in, 183 368–379
maximum drop length to, 356–358 cable plant certification in, 377–378
patch cords in, 175–177 cable scanners for, 398–400, 399, 400
cable tracers for, 397–398, 387

Index 527

testing (continued) TIA-568-C.3, 254, 255
Channel, 380, 384, 385, 386–388, 401 TIA-569-B, 352
connectors and jacks, 371 TIA/EIA-568-A, 232, 451
continuity testers for, 394–395, 395 TIA/EIA-568-A2, 493
costs of, 382–383 TIA/EIA-568-B, 62, 64, 122, 178, 204
equipment for, 384–391, 393–403 TIA/EIA-568–B.1, 493
fiber-optics and, 270–273, 272, 403 TIA/EIA-568–B.2, 493
Gigabit Ethernet and, 299–301 TIA/EIA-568–B.3, 493
installed cable and, 378–383 TIA/EIA-568-C, 15, 19–22, 24, 33, 36,
installed cable, performance levels of,
380–382 46–51, 54–59 64–68, 139, 494
length of cabling and, 386–388 TIA/EIA-569 A, 25, 27
methods for, 384–393 TIA/EIA-606-A documentation standards,
NEXT limits, 371–375, 372t, 374t, 376,
377, 385, 386, 390–391, 390, 393, 409–413
401 tight-buffer fiber-optics, 111–112, 111,
pass and fail criteria in, reporting,
391–393 113, 250, 250
patch cords and, 204 time division multiplexing (TDM), 480
patch panels and, 201–202 time domain reflectometer (TDR), 101,
performance levels, 370–375
Permanent and Basic Link, 379, 380, 273, 301, 402–403, 402, 419
384, 385, 386–388, 401 Toffler, Alvin, 90
pinouts and wiring errors, 386, 387 Token-Ring, 9, 11, 19, 24, 30, 32, 40,
pitfalls of, 375–377
resistance, capacitance, balance require- 56–59, 62, 66, 364
ments, 373–375, 375t 100VG-AnyLAN in, 479
scanning report generated by, sample of, AppleTalk/LocalTalk and, 481
391–393, 392 ARCnet and, 475–478, 476, 477t, 477
specsmanship and, 375–377 asynchronous transmission mode (ATM)
structural return loss (SRL), 373–374, 385
time domain reflectometry (TDR) in, and, 483
402–403, 402 Avaya/Lucent (AT&T) Systimax PDS in,
twisted-pair, 371
wire map testers for, 396 68–70, 71t, 139
wire maps in, 386 bandwidth requirements of, 66–67, 66
cabling for, 57–59
thicknet, 452–454, 465–467 Category 3 in, 57–58
thinnet, 452–454, 468–470, 468 Category 4 in, 57–58
TIA-568-A, 146, 278, 290–296 Category 5 in, 57–58
TIA-568-A1, 235 connectors in, 57
TIA-568-B2, 306 connectors, jacks and, 57, 139, 219
TIA-568-C, 144, 194, 203, 204, 207, 211, cross-connects and, 209
differential Manchester code in, 57
226, 237, 248, 261–263, 278, Gigabit Ethernet and, 286
288–301, 304–305, 368–403, 423, IBM cabling system in, 70–75, 72t,
473, 477
147–148, 147, 473–475
length of cabling in, 58, 59t
lobes in, 56
media filters in, 58, 59, 74
medium dependent interface (MDI) in,

57

528 Index

Token-Ring (continued) training and certification (continued)
multistation access units (MSAUs) in, manufacturer-specific, 443, 445
11, 42, 56–57, 56 network designer, 437–438
problems and troubleshooting in, 58–59 network engineering, 438F
speed or data rate in, 57 RCDD/Network Transport Systems
topologies of, 41 (NTS) Specialist, 444
twisted-pair and, 56, 57–58 RCDD/Outside Plant (OSP) Specialist,
upgrading the LAN and, 100/1000- 444
Mbps networking compatibility RCDD/Wireless Design (WD) Specialist,
and, 81–83 444
user and equipment cords and, 229 Registered Communications
wiring patterns for, 57–58, 58 Distribution Designer (RCDD), 83,
442, 444
topologies for LANs, 39–59, 433–434. See resources for, 441–443, 445
also legacy systems training vs. certification, defining,
435–436
100VG-AnyLAN, 479
ARCnet and, 475–478, 476, 477t, 477 training organizations, 499–501, 499
bus, 40–42, 41 transceivers
Ethernet as. See Ethernet
fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) Ethernet and, 465, 467
fiber-optics and, 248
in, 41 transmission of signals through fiber-
hubs in, 41–42
layers in, 40 optics, 245–248, 245, 247
legacy systems and, 40 transmitter, fiber-optics, 247
Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model troubleshooting, 415–429

in, 40 approaches to, 428–429
ring, 40–42, 41 ARCnet, 478
star, 40–42, 41 broken wires in, 417–418
Token-Ring as. See Token-Ring, 40 cable-end connectors, 225
training and certification, 431–445, 501 Category errors in, 423–424
Association of Cabling Professionals connectors and jacks, 225
copper cabling failure modes and,
(ACP), 442, 444
BICSI, 83, 442, 444 416–425
cable system designer, 437 Ethernet, 49
cabling installers, 37, 439–440 failure modes common to LANs and,
cabling technicians, 438–439
Category 5e/6/AC6/7 and, 83–84 416–428
complexity of network wiring and, 434 fiber-optics and, 273, 425–428
evolution of computer network wiring fiber-optics link failures in, 426–428
fiber-optics mode and core mismatches
and, 432–434, 433
general-purpose, 442–443, 444 in, 427–428
goals of training in, 440–441 impedance mismatch in, 424–425
information sources for, 445 kinked, bent, broken wires in, 419–420,
job descriptions and skill levels in,
426–427
436–440, 437t open connectors in, 420–422
legacy systems and, 432 open office wiring and, 232, 233–234
pin out errors in, 422–423

Index 529

troubleshooting (continued) twisted-pair (UTP/STP) (continued)
shorted wires in, 418–419 electromagnetic interference (EMI) and,
Token-Ring, 58–59 108
untwisted wires in, 424 equal level far-end crosstalk (ELFEXT)
wireless LANs, 338–342 in, 296, 300
Ethernet use of, 42–52
TSA 75, 235 failure modes common to, 416–425
TSB 40, 494 far-end crosstalk (FEXT) in, 292–293
TSB 53, 494 fiber-optics and vs., 109–112
TSB 67, 494 fiber-to-copper conversion in, 265–266,
TSB 72, 261–263, 494 265
TSB 75, 235, 494 fire and safety standards for, 102, 102t,
TSB 95, 291, 296, 494 103t, 103–104
TSB 155, 494 fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP)
tubing pull, 92 insulation in, 103–104
twinax, 40 general construction of, 97–98
twisted-pair (UTP/STP), 4, 5–6, 18–19, Gigabit Ethernet and, 284–285,
290–296
40, 96–108, 96, 433 impedance mismatch in, 424–425
10-Gigabit Ethernet and, 306–309 insulation for, 101–104
100VG-AnyLAN and, 479 interference and, 98, 98, 108
1000BaseCX in, 286, 286t kinked, bent, broken wires in, 419–420
2-pair type, 97 length vs. attenuation in, 100–101
4-pair type, 97 markings and codes on, 106–107
25-pair type, 97 media adapters and, 100
ARCnet and, 476–478 near-end crosstalk (NEXT) in, 292–293
attenuation in, 100, 291–292 nonpaired cable in, 457–461, 458
attenuation to crosstalk ratio (ACR) in, open connectors in, 420–422
patch cords of, 203
293, 310 pin out errors in, 422–423
balanced circuit using, 98, 98 plenums, plenum-rated cable in, 102, 103
balun transformers and, 100 propagation delay in, 101, 101t,
bend radius and, 185 295–296, 296t
binder groups and, colors of, 106 return loss (RL) in, 296
broken wires in, 417–418 shielding or screening in, 99–100,
capacitance in, 100 107–108
Category 3 and, 97 shorted wires in, 418–419
Category 5 and, 97 skin effect in, 99
category mismatches and errors of STP-A type data connectors in,
473–475, 474
application in, 423–424 STP-A type, 99–100, 147–148, 148t
color coding in, 104–107, 105t, 106t structured cabling and, 65
combination fiber-optics and, 117 testing and, 371
connectors, jacks and, 129–136, time domain reflectometer (TDR) for,
101, 419
220–221, 221
delay skew in, 101, 101t, 295–296,

296t
drain wires in, 107
electrical characteristics of, 99–101

530 Index

twisted-pair (UTP/STP) (continued) user and equipment cords, 122, 217,
Token-Ring and, 56, 57–58 225–229. See also patch cords
troubleshooting and, 416–425
twist preservation in, 150, 151, ARCnet, 478
184–185, 185t, 424 Basic Link/Permanent Link and, 226
upgrading the LAN and, 88–90 cable-end connectors for, 218–225
wire sizes (AWG) in, 98–99, 450, 450t Category 5e and, 229
Category 6 and, 229
Type 110 connecting blocks, 155–160, category of, 226, 227–228
156, 157, 193. See also punchdown Channel and, 226
blocks color code for, 226–227
construction of, 226–227
Type 66M connecting blocks, 160–167, excess length of, 238–239
161, 162, 184, 193. See also punch- length of and routing for, 199–292, 200,
down blocks
228–229
UL 910, 496 markings and identification on,
ultraviolet light ratings, 118
Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 25, 66, 227–228, 228
modular furniture and raceways for, 229
103, 369, 486, 488, 496, 497 NEXT and, 229
Underwriters Laboratories of Canada patch cords vs., 225
standards for, 226
(ULC), 486, 488 workmanship and quality in, 229
uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), user equipment location, vs. TR, 174–177

361–362 vampire taps, 453, 467
Unlicensed National Information vertical cavity surface emitting laser

Infrastructure (U-NIII) band, 322 (VCSEL), 258–259, 273, 283, 305
unshielded twisted-pair. See twisted-pair vertical wiring, 29, 352. See also back-

(UTP/STP) bone wiring
untwisted wires, as fault, 424 virtual LANs (VLANs), 328–329
upgrading the LAN, 8–9, 79–82 Voice over IP (VoIP), 4, 15–16
voltmeters, 394–395, 395
100/1000-Mbps networking compatibil-
ity and, 81–83 WAN Interface Specification (WIS),
10-Gigabit Ethernet, 303
categories of cabling/connectors in,
85–87, 86t wave-division multiplexing (WDM),
10-Gigabit Ethernet, 303–304,
Category 5e/6/AC6/7 and, 81–84, 305
82t
wide area network (WAN), 62, 467, 469
choosing next wiring technology in, asynchronous transmission mode (ATM)
80–85 and, 482–483
10-Gigabit Ethernet and, 304
copper wiring in, 88–90
cost factors in, 13–14 WiFi, 314, 320, 321–325. See also wireless
data rates and speed in, 84–85, 84t LANs
enhanced Category X in, 86–87
fiber-optics in, 87–88, 89, 111 WiFi Alliance, 321
high-speed networking and, 90–92 WiMAX, 315
tubing pulls and, 92
twisted-pair in, 88–90
wireless LANs and, 89–90, 344–345

Index 531

wire and cable technology, 95–119. See wireless LANs (continued)
also fiber-optics; twisted-pair access points (APs) in, 329–330, 330,
(UTP/STP) 341–342, 341
antenna operation in, 316–319, 317,
wire management, 171–174, 349–365. See 334–335
also color codes; documentation; applications and uses for, 312–313, 345
marking and identification architectures for, 323
ATM and, 328
accessibility in, 358–359 attenuation in, 313–314, 316
appearance of, 358–359 beamwidth in, 318
backbone wiring in, 352–354 Bluetooth in, 315, 320, 326–328
Category 5e in, 359 bridge locations for, 333–334, 333
Category 6 in, 359 carrier frequency in, 314
Category 7 in, 359 CDPD in, 315
color codes in, 352–353, 353t channel plans for, 325–328, 326t, 327t
complexity of network wiring and, 434 coverage area for, 332–333, 333t
connectors and jacks in, 354, 355 direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
fiber-optics and, 267–268 in, 320, 325–328, 326t, 327t
horizontal runs and, 353–354 direct sequence (DS) in, 322
horizontal wiring in, 352–354 directional antennas in, 318–319
legacy systems, 432 effective area of antenna in, 319
length of cable and, 354–359 effective radiated power (EIRP) in,
mapping, wire maps in, 386 326
marking and identification used in, electromagnetic (EM) fields and,
313–314, 317
410–413, 410, 412, 413 Ethernet and, 322–324, 322
maximum drop length to, 356–358 fall-back operation in, 325
patch panels and, 195–196, 195 frequency allocation for, 314–315, 314t,
routing and dressing devices in, 322
frequency hopping (FH) in, 322
171–174 frequency hopping spread spectrum
standoffs and distribution rings in, (FHSS) in, 320, 327
gain antennas in, 318, 334–335
172–173, 173 GPRS in, 315
telecommunication rooms (TR) and, HiperLAN operation in, 328
Home RF in, 328
349 IEEE 802.11 standard for, 321–325,
wire management panels in, 173–174 322t, 323, 325–326, 326t, 327t
wire management panels, 173–174 indoor point-to-multipoint LANs in,
wire map testers, 396 329–330, 330
wire maps, 386 Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM)
wire spools, 172 band in, 322
Wireless Design (WD) Specialist, 444 infrastructure operation in, 324
Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance interference in, 316, 319–321, 340
isotropic antennas in, 317
(WECA), 321. See also WiFi
Alliance, 321
wireless LANs, 89–90, 89, 311–345
2.4- and 5-GHz channel plans for,
325–328, 326t, 327t
access control and encryption in, 329
access point servers for, 324–325, 324

532 Index

wireless LANs (continued) wireless LANs (continued)
line-of-sight concepts for, 315–316, 316, upgrading and future planning for,
339 344–345
links for, 329–332 virtual LANs (VLANs) and, 328–329
modulation in, 315 WiFi Alliance and, 321
multipath interference in, 316 WiFi in, 314, 320, 321–325
multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) WiMAX in, 315
in, 322 Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance
omindirectional antennas in, 317–318 (WECA) and, 321
operating frequency in, 314–315 wireless network interface card (W-NIC)
orthogonal frequency division multi- for, 317, 321, 322–325, 340
plexing (OFDM) in, 322, 325–328, Yagi antennas in, 318–319
326t, 327t
outdoor operations of, 337–338 wireless network interface card (W-NIC),
outdoor point-to-multipoint systems in, 317, 321–325, 340
331–332, 331, 337–338
outdoor point-to-point links in, wiring boards, 27–28
330–331, 331 337–338 work area outlets (WOA), 121–151. See
parabolic dish antennas in, 318–319
personal area networks (PANs) and, 327 also connectors and jacks
planning for, 332–338 ARCnet, 477
Power over Ethernet (PoE) for access color coding of outlets in, 150
points in, 342–344, 343 excess cable at outlet, 150
problems and troubleshooting in, fiber-optics and, 260
338–342 marking outlets in, 149–150
quadrature frequency division multi- multiuser telecommunication outlet
plexing (QFDM) in, 320
radio frequency operation in, 313–315 assembly (MUTOA) in, 237–240,
range extending antennas in, 334–335 238
security issues in, 328–329 outlet jack mountings in, 122–129
shared wireless access protocol (SWAP) standards for, 122
and, 328 telecommunication outlet/connector in,
site surveys for, 335–337 122
software and compatibility issues in, type 2 cable in, 74
341–342, 344–345 user or equipment cord in, 122
spectrum analyzer for, 340, 341 workmanship in, 150, 151
spread-spectrum operation in, 315, world wide web resources, 486
320–321, 325–328, 326t, 327t
standards for, 314, 321–325 X3.230 coding, 10-Gigabit Ethernet, 303
Unlicensed National Information Xerox Corporation, Ethernet, 464
Infrastructure (U-NIII) band in, 322
Yagi antennas, wireless LANs, 318–319

zip cord, 112, 212

About the Author

James Trulove has accumulated more than twenty-five years of experience in LAN,
WLAN, and data communications systems with companies including Intel, Motorola,
Lucent, Cisco, and Nortel. Mr. Trulove has an extensive background in designing,
installing, and troubleshooting LAN cabling and networks, and currently works for a
leading manufacturer of wireless networking test systems and equipment. He is a long-
time consultant on wired and wireless networks for home and business, and the author of
a number of books and articles on networking technologies.

Copyright © 2006 by James Trulove. Click here for terms of use.