psychology structuralism functionalism behaviorism

psychology structuralism

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theory functionalism

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pure research behaviorism

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applied research reinforcement

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introspection Gestalt psychology

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the school of psychology that argues that the the science that studies behavior and mental
mind consists of three basic elements— processes
sensations, feelings, and images—that combine
to form experience Chapter 1

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the school of psychology that emphasizes the a formulation of relationships underlying
uses or functions of the mind rather than the observed events
elements of experience
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the school of psychology that defines research conducted without concern for
psychology as the study of observable behavior immediate applications
and studies relationships between stimuli and
responses Chapter 1

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a stimulus that follows a response and research conducted in an effort to find solutions
increases the frequency of the response to particular problems

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the school of psychology that emphasizes the deliberate looking into one’s own cognitive
tendency to organize perceptions into wholes processes to examine one’s thoughts and
and to integrate separate stimuli into feelings
meaningful patterns
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psychoanalysis hypothesis

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cognitive correlation

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social-cognitive theory selection factor

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sociocultural perspective sample

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gender population

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in psychology, a specific statement about the school of psychology that emphasizes the
behavior or mental processes that is tested importance of unconscious motives and
through research conflicts as determinants of human behavior

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an association or relationship among variables, having to do with mental processes such as
as we might find between height and weight or sensation and perception, memory, intelligence,
between study habits and school grades language, thought, and problem solving

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a source of bias that may occur in research a school of psychology in the behaviorist
findings when subjects are allowed to choose tradition that includes cognitive factors in the
for themselves a certain treatment in a explanation and prediction of behavior;
scientific study formerly termed social learning theory

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part of a population the view that focuses on the roles of ethnicity,
gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in
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a complete group of organisms or events the culturally defined concepts of masculinity
and femininity
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random sample naturalistic observation

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stratified sample correlation coefficient

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volunteer bias experiment

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case study independent variable

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survey dependent variable

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a scientific method in which organisms are a sample drawn so that each member of a
observed in their natural environments population has an equal chance of being
selected to participate
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a number between +1.00 and –1.00 that a sample drawn so that identified subgroups in
expresses the strength and direction (positive or the population are represented proportionately
negative) of the relationship between two in the sample
variables
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a scientific method that seeks to confirm cause- a source of bias or error in research reflecting
and-effect relationships by introducing the prospect that people who offer to
independent variables and observing their participate in research studies differ
effects on dependent variables systematically from people who do not

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a condition in a scientific study that is a carefully drawn biography that may be
manipulated so that its effects may be observed obtained through interviews, questionnaires,
and psychological tests
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a measure of an assumed effect of an a method of scientific investigation in which a
independent variable large sample of people answer questions about
their attitudes or behavior
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experimental groups informed consent

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control groups debrief

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placebo

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blind

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double-blind study

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a subject’s agreement to participate in research in experiments, groups whose members obtain
after receiving information about the purposes the treatment
of the study and the nature of the treatments
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to explain the purposes and methods of a in experiments, groups whose members do not
completed procedure to a participant obtain the treatment, while other conditions are
held constant
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a bogus treatment that has the appearance of
being genuine

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in experimental terminology, unaware of
whether or not one has received a treatment

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a study in which neither the subjects nor the
observers know who has received the treatment

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