SDG2 ZERO HUNGER P P G 2 1 0 E | G R O U P 4 E N D H U N G E R , A C H I E V E F O O D S E C U R I T Y , I M P R O V E D N U T R I T I O N A N D P R O M O T E S U S T A I N A B L E A G R I C U L T U R E M U H A M M A D B A H R U D D I N B A S R Y ( 1 5 8 5 9 7 ) N U R A R I S Y A N A D H R A H ( 1 5 7 7 9 8 ) S I T I N U R A T I K A H ( 1 5 1 1 1 5 ) A Z R A A T I R A H ( 1 5 8 6 2 4 ) A Z N A S U H A Y U S O F F ( 1 5 6 0 8 9 )
Introduction 1 Objectives 5 Background 2 Methodology 6 Statement of problem/Issue 4 Results and Findings 11 Activity 1 and Rubric 18 Activity 2 and Rubric 21 Activity 3 and Rubric 24 Discussion 27 Conclusion 31 Roles of Members and Time Frame 33 TABLES OF CONTENTSS Reflections 34 References 37
INTRODUCTION Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) stands as a global commitment toward eradicating hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and fostering sustainable agriculture by 2030. In a world where millions still suffer from undernourishment, malnutrition, and unequal access to food, this goal aims to address the root causes of hunger while building resilient and inclusive food systems. It seeks to ensure that everyone, regardless of their background or location, has reliable access to nutritious and sufficient food year-round. Emphasizing sustainable agricultural practices, equitable food distribution, and support for small-scale farmers, Zero Hunger represents a collective effort to tackle one of humanity's most fundamental challenges, aiming not just to feed the world but to nourish it sustainably for generations to come. UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO SAFE AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD END ALL FORMS OF MALNUTRITION DOUBLE THE PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOMES OF SMALL-SCALE FOOD PRODUCERS SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION AND RESILIENT AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES MAINTAIN THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN FOOD PRODUCTION INVEST IN RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND GENE BANKS PREVENT AGRICULTURAL TRADE RESTRICTIONS, MARKET DISTORTIONS AND EXPORT SUBSIDIES ENSURE STABLE FOOD COMMODITY MARKETS AND TIMELY ACCESS TO INFORMATION Under-nutrition has been on the rise since 2015, after falling for decades.This majorly results from the various stresses in food systems that include; climate shocks, the locust crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Those threats indirectly reduce the purchasing power and the capacity to produce and distribute food, which affects the most vulnerable populations and furthermore has reduced their accessibility to food. 1
BACKGROUND Pre-SDG Era: Agricultural Development: Malaysia, historically an agricultural nation, underwent significant transformation during the postindependence period. The government focused on developing the agricultural sector to ensure food security and economic growth. 1990s - 2000s: Economic Growth and Urbanization: Malaysia experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization during this period. While these developments contributed to overall prosperity, they also brought challenges such as changing dietary patterns and increased demand for diverse food options. Sustainable Agriculture Initiatives: Palm Oil Industry: Malaysia has been a major player in the global palm oil industry. Sustainable practices in palm oil cultivation became a focal point due to concerns about deforestation and environmental impact. Smallholder Support: The government implemented initiatives to support smallholder farmers, recognizing their role in ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture. These initiatives aimed to enhance productivity, improve access to markets, and promote sustainable farming practices. Post-2015 - SDG Adoption: Integration of SDGs: Malaysia incorporated the SDGs, including SDG 2, into its national development agenda. The country aligned its existing policies and strategies with the global goals to address hunger, malnutrition, and sustainable agriculture. 2
BACKGROUND Government Policies and Programs: National Food Security Policy: Malaysia developed and implemented the National Food Security Policy to ensure a consistent and reliable food supply for its population. The policy encompasses strategies for sustainable agriculture, food production, and distribution. Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Technological Adoption: Malaysia embraced technology and innovation in agriculture to enhance productivity and sustainability. Precision farming, smart agriculture, and digital tools have become integral to modernizing the sector. Current Challenges and Responses: Climate Change Impact: Malaysia faces challenges related to climate change, which can impact agriculture. The government is working on strategies to build resilience, promote climatesmart agriculture, and ensure food security in the face of environmental changes. COVID-19 Pandemic: Pandemic Impact: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted vulnerabilities in global and national food systems. Malaysia, like many other countries, faced disruptions in supply chains and economic challenges. The experience emphasized the need for resilient and sustainable food systems. The history of SDG 2 in Malaysia is intertwined with the nation's broader economic development, agricultural practices, and efforts to ensure food security. As Malaysia continues to navigate the complexities of achieving Zero Hunger, it does so within the framework of sustainable development goals, emphasizing the importance of equitable access to nutritious food and environmentally responsible agriculture 3
ISSUES Food Waste: A significant challenge contributing to food insecurity is the substantial amount of food wasted at various stages of the supply chain, from production to consumption. In Malaysia, both household and industrial food waste are considerable, leading to resource inefficiency and exacerbating food scarcity for those in need. Nutrition Disparities: Despite overall food availability, there are disparities in nutritional access and knowledge. Some communities lack adequate education on balanced diets and may rely on inexpensive but less nutritious food options, leading to health issues related to malnutrition despite having enough to eat. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: Climate change poses a threat to agriculture, impacting crop yields and food production. In Malaysia, changing weather patterns, natural disasters, and environmental degradation affect the stability and productivity of crops, potentially leading to food shortages and increased vulnerability among farming communities. 4
OBJECTIVES End Hunger: Ensure access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food for all people year-round, aiming to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. Promote Sustainable Agriculture: Support agricultural productivity and practices that help maintain ecosystems, strengthen resilience to climate change, and improve land and soil quality without harming the environment. Improve Food Security: Ensure that everyone, especially the vulnerable, has access to nutritious food by promoting resilient agricultural practices, supporting small-scale food producers, and ensuring equal access to land, technology, and markets. 5
METHODOLOGY In the preparation of this guidebook, research is done on SDG 2: Zero Hunger based on two ways: A survey was conducted by using google form approach. The questions of the survey was focused on awareness, causes, and effects of zero hunger. This survey was distributed in WhatsApp group among family members, friends and university group. GOOGLE FORM Internet are used as a source of information like facts, analyzed data, scholarly journal articles, reports and so on. To obtain additional information towards SDG 2 in which verified sites and articles are referred. SOURCES FROM INTERNET 6
METHODOLOGY QUESTIONS SECTION A : DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION 7
SECTION B : AWARENESS OF COMMUNITY TOWARDS ZERO HUNGER 8
SECTION C : CAUSES OF ZERO HUNGER 9
SECTION D : EFFECTS OF ZERO HUNGER 10
RESULTS AND FINDINGS Most of our respondents are age between 18 to 25 years old with a high percentage of 74% Most of our respondents were males (54%) while females (46%) 11
RESULTS AND FINDINGS Most of our respondents were bachelor’s degree that answered the survey with percentage of 60% Most of our respondents were Malay that answered the survey with percentage of 62% 12
RESULTS AND FINDINGS 86% respondents strongly agree that they believe achieving Zero Hunger is an attainable goal, 4% agree, 6% neutral and 4% disagree 92% of respondents response strongly agree that they aware of the current global status of hunger and food security, 6% respond agree and 2% respond neutral 13
RESULTS AND FINDINGS 94% of respondents respond strongly agree and 6% respond agree. 94% of respondents respond strongly agree, 10% respond neutral, 4% respond agree and 2% respond disagree. 14
RESULTS AND FINDINGS 96% of respondents respond strongly agree and 4% agree that food waste and loss lead to hunger. 94% of respondents respond strongly agree and 6% respond agree that climate change and enviromental factors lead to hunger. 15
RESULTS AND FINDINGS 94% of respondents of respond strongly agree and 6% respond agree that hunger will cause malnutration 84% of respondents respond strongly agree, 8% respond neutral, 4% respond agree and 4% respond disagree that gender inequality leads to hunger 16
RESULTS AND FINDINGS 98% of respondents respond strongly agree and 2% respond agree that hunger will reduced productivity 98% of respondents respond strongly agree and 2% respond agree that hunger will impare physical health 17
To achieve the second Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger by 2030, it's crucial to make younger generations aware of the global issues. Surprisingly, as of 2023, 333 million people don't have enough food. They live with uncertainty about their next meal. The world has become hungrier than ever! So, it's really important for young people to understand, learn, and get involved in their communities to help reduce hunger. They can start small, making a difference in their own neighborhoods and eventually contributing to global solutions. By being informed and taking part, young people can play a big role in making sure we reach the goal of Zero Hunger by 2030. This activity is created in order to give exposure and knowledge about the hunger issues that occur globally through a ‘gallery walk’. The students will be able to put themselves in others’ shoes as they will be going through four stations with different circumstances and challenges. The students will be able to determine the main causes of hunger and food insecurity as well. By knowing all of these information, the students will be able to develop awareness and start playing their roles in preventing hunger and food insecurity around them. Walking in Hunger ACTIVITY 1 SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER Objectives: To give exposure about hunger issues that occur globally. To determine the main causes of hunger and food insecurity around the world. 18
Instructions: 1. The students are grouped into 4 groups. 2. The students will be given a worksheet as well as guided questions to be observed and answered during the activity. 3. The students are required to do a ‘gallery walk’ in which there are four stations, each of them portraying different types of situations as well as the sources of food available in that situation. 4. After the gallery walk, each of them must answer the questions in the worksheet. 5. Each group is required to create a one-page infographic and present their findings through the infographic. Walking in Hunger ACTIVITY 1 SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER 19
Criteria Weak (1-3) Moderate (4-6) Good (7-10) Score Knowledge Information extracted is not clear not enough. Information extracted is relevant and enough. Information extracted is accurate and very clear. Content Information Infographic does not include required and important data. It does not demonstrate understanding. Infographic includes required and important data. Summarizes information that demonstrate understanding. Infographic includes accurate and carefully chosen data. Summarizes information that demonstrate clear understanding. Presentation Ineffective in delivering presentation and have poor communication skills. Effective in delivering presentation and have good communication skills. Highly effective in delivering a wellprepared presentation and have high communication skills. Overall Missing information and unable to communicate clearly. Have sufficient information and skills in communication. Have sufficient information and able to enhance the information through their communication skills. ACTIVITY RUBRIC ACTIVITY 1 20
Hunger has a significant impact on health, and one major consequence is malnutrition. The goal for 2030 is to eliminate all forms of malnutrition, which includes undernutrition leading to issues like underweight, wasting, stunting, and deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals. In 2022, a report highlighted that 149 million children under 5 were estimated to be stunted, appearing shorter than their age suggests. Malaysia, for instance, revealed that almost 30% of young children suffer from stunted growth due to unhealthy diets. This activity is conducted with the aim of teaching and reminding the students to always eat a well-balanced food. By doing this, they will realise how each of the food they consume provide them nutrients that is useful for their body as well as for their growth. Not only that, this activity aims to encourage students to wisely choose their food. Consuming sustainable food may be able to help reducing the rate of hunger cases and food insecurity. By justifying and explaining their food choices, the students will be able to remember and practice eating healthy meals made from sustainable food. My Ideal Plate ACTIVITY 2 SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER Objectives: To create a balanced meal and encourage students to eat sustainably. To give awareness about how important nutrients in food ar for humans. 21
Instructions: 1. Each student is given a worksheet consisting of a diagram of an empty plate and a food pyramid. 2. The students are required to create a balanced breakfast meal by choosing the food given (no maximum) and then drawing their meal on the plate. 3. Each of the students are given 2 minutes each to present and justify their meal and explain their reasons for choosing certain ingredients. My Ideal Plate ACTIVITY 2 SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER 22
Criteria Weak (1-3) Moderate (4-6) Good (7-10) Score Nutrients Meal is missing more than one food group. Meal shows very little nutritious value. Meal includes all food groups. Meal has moderate amount of sugar/fat. Meal includes all food groups and comprising of balanced and high nutritious food. Sustainability Very little sustainable food was chosen and not enough to sustain for the whole day. Sustainable food was chosen and just enough to sustain for the whole day. Almost all sustainable food was chosen and enough to sustain for the whole day. Overall Have little knowledge about nutrition and unable to justify their picks. Have sufficient knowledge about nutrition and able to justify their picks. Have knowledge about nutrition and able to justify their picks with clear explanations. ACTIVITY RUBRIC ACTIVITY 2 23
Global hunger isn’t about lack of food. In fact, the world produces enough food to nourish every child, woman and man on the planet. But nearly a third of all food produced each year is squandered or lost before it can be consumed. One third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally. 1. All the food produced but never eaten would be sufficient to feed two billion people. That’s more than twice the number of undernourished people across the globe. 2. Consumers in rich countries waste almost as much food as the entire net food production of sub-Saharan Africa each year. 3. Thus, cutting global food waste in half by 2030 is one of the UN’s top priorities. In fact. it’s one of the organization’s 17 sustainable development goals. Therefore, this activity “no waste, no hunger”, is conducted to give awareness towards the effect of food waste could hold on global hunger. The target students for this activity are for form 4 and form 5 students. This activity will take 1 week to be completed and students must participate individually. Students will investigate the amount of food they consumed and the amount of food wasted within a week and they need record the data in the worksheet provided. From the data that they have collected, they need to write a report and reflection of how the food waste can effect global hunger. NO WASTE, NO HUNGER ACTIVITY 3 SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER OBJECTIVES: To give awareness towards the effect of food waste on global hunger To stimulate in-depth discussion of food waste among students 24
SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER Instruction: 1.Students will be given a worksheet. Students need to draw image or take photographs of their plates of food before and after they are eaten. 2. 3.Calculate totals based on approximate percentages. Students need to record the data for a three meals a day of food consumption in a period of 1 week. 4. After all datas have been recorded, students need to write a report of reflection in about one paragraph, on how the food wasted could effect on global hunger and how reducing food waste could help zero hunger. 5. NO WASTE, NO HUNGER ACTIVITY 3 WORKSHEET FOR DATA RECORDING REFERENCE FOR PERCENTAGE COUNT 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 25
moderate 4-6 good 7-10 weak 1-3 report writing (relation between food waste and global hunger) food waste % count data recording consistency score the recording of data is less accurate food waste percentage is 50% and above the recording of data is accurate the recording of data is not accurate record data consistently for 7 days for 3 meals a day record a data of 5 days out of 7 days without skipping meal’s schedule (breakfast, lunch, dinner) record data of 3 days out of 7 days with a skip of meal’s schedule (breakfast, lunch dinner) food waste percentage is not over 30% no food is wasted (0% food waste) very little background information and relation was provided background information and relation was not sufficient sufficient background information and relation was provided ACTIVITY 3 ACTIVITY RUBRIC 26
DISCUSSION 27
CAUSES Poverty is a primary cause of hunger. People with limited financial resources often struggle to access sufficient and nutritious food. POVERTY Areas affected by conflict or violence often face food insecurity as it disrupts agricultural activities, displaces communities, and hinders access to food. CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE Extreme weather events, changing precipitation patterns, and rising temperatures can affect agricultural productivity, leading to food shortages. CLIMATE CHANGE Poor infrastructure, such as lack of transportation and storage facilities, can result in food loss and hinder the distribution of food to those in need. INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE Limited access to land, water, and other essential resources can impede agricultural productivity and exacerbate hunger. LACK OF ACCESS TO RESOURCES 28
FACTS Despite progress, global hunger remains a significant challenge. Millions of people, particularly in developing countries, still suffer from chronic undernourishment. GLOBAL HUNGER Hunger is not just about insufficient food quantity; it's also about the quality of food. Malnutrition, including both undernutrition and overnutrition, poses a threat to health and development. MALNUTRITION Sustainable agricultural practices, such as agroecology and responsible resource management, are crucial for achieving zero hunger while preserving the environment. AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES A significant amount of food is wasted throughout the supply chain, from production to consumption. Reducing food waste is essential in addressing hunger and promoting sustainability. FOOD WASTE Achieving zero hunger requires international cooperation, partnerships, and investment in rural infrastructure, research, and technology to enhance agricultural productivity and food security. GLOBAL COOPERATION 29
ACTIVITY Students will be able to know causes of zero hunger as they will be going through four stations with different circumstances. Students will be able to determine the main causes of hunger. Students will be able to develop awareness in preventing hunger. ACTIVITY 1 Students can choose wisely their foods. Students will be able to practice eating healthy. Students will know every food that they consumed have useful nutrients for their body. ACTIVITY 2 Students will know the statistics about amount of food waste. Students will be able to know how food waste can effect global hunger. ACTIVITY 3 30
CONCLUSION 31
In conclusion, the objective of achieving Zero Hunger by 2030 requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses ending all forms of malnutrition, promoting sustainable agriculture, and improving food security. By ensuring year-round access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food for all, we address the immediate needs of vulnerable populations. Simultaneously, supporting sustainable agricultural practices not only boosts productivity but also contributes to ecosystem preservation and climate resilience. Moreover, efforts to enhance food security go hand in hand with empowering small-scale food producers and promoting equal access to crucial resources. As we continue these endeavors, we move closer to a world where hunger is eradicated, and communities thrive sustainably. 32
MEMBERS ROLES MUHAMMAD BAHRUDDIN BASRY Introduction Background Issues Objective SITI NUR ATIKAH Methodology (Survey) Analysis of responses AZRA ATIRAH BINTI MUSLIM Planning Activity 1 and 2 Rubrics Activity 1 and 2 AZNASUHA BINTI YUSOFF Planning Activity 3 Rubrics Activity 3 NUR ARISYA NADHRAH BINTI MARZUKI Discussion Conclusion SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER ROLES OF THE MEMBERS WEEK ACTIVITY WEEK 5 Each member review SDG anddo research for significant issues related to the SDG. WEEK 6 Group discussion to decide SDG, its issues and activities. Assigning roles. WEEK 7 Group discussion to update progress and finalise the activities planned. Planning for survey - medium to be used and questions. WEEK 8 A survey created using Google Form is distributed to peers and family members through WhatsApp. WEEK 9 Analysing the data obtained from survey. Group discussion to discuss about the data. WEEK 10 Preparing mini module. WEEK 13 Present our mini module. Modify parts based on feedbacks. WEEK 14 Submit mini module. TIME FRAME 33
Reflections M U H A M M A D B A H R U D D I N B A S R Y ( 1 5 8 5 9 7 ) N U R A R I S Y A N A D H R A H B I N T I M A R Z U K I ( 1 5 7 7 9 8 ) First of all, I would like to thank my group members and to my lecturers because give me opurtunity to participate in this group task was a valuable experience. My role involved doing discussion and conclusion about our SDG topic which is Zero Hunger. I found that effective communication was very good among our group members. I learned to navigate diverse perspectives and discovered the importance of flexibility in adapting to changing circumstances. While our group not faced much challenges, but it was solve through collaborative problem-solving that we achieved our goals. Reflecting on this, I recognize the significance of teamwork and the need for clear roles within a group dynamic. This experience has enhanced my ability to work collaboratively and reinforced the importance of open communication in achieving success. Embarking on the journey to research, report, and engage in activities related to Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) has been a profoundly enlightening and fulfilling experience. Delving into the complexities of global food security and sustainable agriculture has not only expanded my knowledge but has also heightened my awareness of the urgent need for collective action. Gratitude fills me as I reflect on the opportunity to contribute to the dialogue surrounding such a vital issue. The process has instilled a deep sense of responsibility, inspiring me to advocate for positive change and sustainable solutions in the pursuit of a world where no one goes hungry. 34
Reflections Our group had decided to choose SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER for our mini module. This SDG can be related to Malaysia as our country still has hunger issues as well. Through our discussion, we managed to find the issues including the causes of hunger. Not only that, through the survey made, it is relieving that most of the respondents are aware of the current global status of hunger and food security. Our group managed to comeup with three activties which is created to teach the students about the causes of hunger, importance of nutrition and the effect of food wastes. Finally, I would like to thank my groupmates for the cooperation and Prof. Mageswary for the feedbacks. S I T I N U R A T I K A H B I N T I M O H A M A D N A S R I ( 1 5 1 1 1 5 ) A Z R A A T I R A H B I N T I M U S L I M ( 1 5 8 6 2 4 ) Firstly, I feel very grateful to have such cooperative teammates to make the production of guidebook a success. I am satisfied with our group performance in both writing this guidebook and the presentation. Also, thank you to Prof. Mageswary for the guidance throughout this semester. In this project, we choose SDG 2, which is Zero Hunger. I am so grateful for getting the opportunity to team up with them in this project. I genuinely enjoyed the entire process of completing the assignment because my teammates were really welcoming and helped me a lot in many things. The strength of our module is that we have an interesting and detailed scope as well as the purpose of the project. The findings that we obtained to support the module are also acceptable. The activities planned for the students are reasonable, good to be carried out and suitable with SDG 2. Through the survey we made, most of the respondents aware with the current global status of hunger and food security. 35
Reflections A Z N A S U H A Y U S O F F ( 1 5 6 0 8 9 ) First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Jahan and Prof. Mageswary for allowing us to create this guidebook which I feel that this is useful for future teachers to implement the lesson based on the 17 sustainable development goals in class lesson. I also would like to thank my group mates for all the hard work and cooperation given to finish and create this guide book related to sdg 2: zero hunger. I believe that the issue related to sdg 2: zero hunger is relatable to many of us, hence I hope that this guide book can be one of the sources to help fellow teachers and students to be aware of this issue and build intention to overcome the issue. I also hope that the activities and facts provided in this guide book can be one of the sources that can be used in class not only in science class but also “sastera” class. This is to make sure to expose students to the issues in deeper manner and create awareness among us al as well as the new generation in order to achieve the final goal which by having zero hunger among our people. Besides that, by creating this guidebook I can learn and discover myself towards the issues that our world is facing right now, hence making me realise how the action we take right now can change the future. 36
World food programme. (2 June 2020). 5 facts about food waste and hunger. https://www.wfp.org/stories/5-facts-about-food-waste-and-hunger What causes hunger?. Bread for the World. (2022, September 7). https://www.bread.org/hunger-explained/what-causes-hunger/ Supramani, S. (n.d.). Shocking that child hunger still an issue in Malaysia. thesun.my. https://thesun.my/local_news/shocking-that-child-hunger-still-an-issue-in-malaysiaCI8864073 Our World in Data team. (2023, December 28). End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/zero-hunger SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER. (n.d.). https://sdg-for-malaysian-statessdsn.hub.arcgis.com/pages/sdg-2-zero-hunger United Nations. (2020, June 29). Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2) | United Nations Western Europe. United Nations Western Europe. https://unric.org/en/sdg-2/ Goal 2: Zero Hunger - the global Goals. (2023, April 18). The Global Goals. https://www.globalgoals.org/goals/2-zero-hunger/ Martin. (2023, October 19). Goal 2: Zero hunger - United Nations Sustainable Development. United Nations Sustainable Development. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/ REFERENCES 37
SDG 2: ZERO HUNGER End hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Group 4