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- View of Human Nature
- Counseling Process
- Counseling Techniques & Application

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Published by SING YEE, 2019-12-13 02:33:21

Chapter 8 Reality Theory

- View of Human Nature
- Counseling Process
- Counseling Techniques & Application

Keywords: Reality Theory

REALITY THERAPY

Note taken from Key Reference Text :
Theory & Practice of Counseling & Psychotherapy, Gerald
Corey 9th Ed.
Note taking by ONG SING YEE (KB, PA)

CHAPTER ▪KEY CONCEPTS
OVERVIEW
▪THE THERAPEUTIC

PROCESS

▪APPLICATION:

THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND
PROCEDURES

SEMINAR ▪ KEY CONCEPTS
OBJECTIVE
✓Understand and able to

apply the key concepts on:

❖View of Human Nature

❖Choice Theory Explanation

of Behavior

❖Characteristics of Reality

Therapy

KEY CONCEPTS View of Human Nature

▪ We are not born blank slates waiting to be externally

motivated by forces in the world around us.

▪ We are born with five genetically encoded needs that

drive us all our lives: survival, or self preservation;
love and belong; power, or inner control; freedom, or
independence; and fun, or enjoyment.

▪ We are by nature social creatures we need to both

receive and give love.

▪ Love and to belong is the primary need.

▪ Our brain functions as a control system.

▪ Our quality world, which is at the core of our life.

- Personal Shangrila – the world we would like to live in

if we could.

- It is completely based on our wants and needs.

- It is very specific.

- It consists of specific images of people, activities,

events, beliefs, possessions, and situations that fulfill
our needs.

▪ We develop an inner picture album.

KEY CONCEPTS Choice Theory Explanation of Behavior

▪ All we ever do from birth to death is behave and,

with rare exceptions, everything we do is choosen.

▪ Total behavior teaches that all behavior is made up

of 4 inseparable but distinct components – acting,
thinking, feeling and physiology – that
necessarily accompany all of our actions, thoughts
and feelings.

▪ It emphasizes thinking and acting.

▪ The primary emphasis is on what the client is doing

on and how the doing component influences the
other aspects of total behavior.

▪ Our behaviors come from the inside and thus we

choose our destiny.

KEY CONCEPTS Characteristics of Reality Therapy

▪ Contemporary Reality Therapy focuses quickly on

the unsatisfying relationship or the lack of a
relationship, which is often the cause of clients’
problems.

▪ The therapist does not get involved with finding

fault.

▪ They ask clients to consider how effective their

choices are.

▪ The basic axiom of choice theory “ the only person

you can control is yourself”.

KEY CONCEPTS Characteristics of Reality Therapy

Emphasize choice and responsibility

▪ If we choose all we do, we must be responsible

for what we choose.

▪ It changes the focus of responsibility to choice

and choosing.

▪ Therapists focus on those areas where clients

have choice, for doing so gets them closer to the
people they need.

KEY CONCEPTS Characteristics of Reality Therapy

Reject Transference

▪ Being themselves, therapists can use the

relationship to teach clients how to relate to
others in their lives.

KEY CONCEPT Characteristics of Reality Therapy

Keep the therapy in the present

▪ The past may have contributed to a current

problem but that the past is never the problem

▪ To function effectively, people need to live and

plan in the present and take steps to create a
better future.

KEY CONCEPT Characteristics of Reality Therapy

Avoiding Focusing on Symptoms

▪ People who have symptoms believe that if they

could only be symptom free they would find
happiness.

▪ Almost all symptoms are caused by a present

unhappy relationship.

▪ By focusing on present problems, especially

interpersonal concerns, therapy can generally
be shortened considerably.

KEY CONCEPTS ▪ Characteristics of Reality Therapy

▪ Challenge Traditional Views of Mental

Illness

SEMINAR THE THERAPEUTIC
OBJECTIVE PROCESS

✓ Understand and apply

the concept on:

▪Therapeutic Goals

▪Therapist’s Function and

Role

▪Relationship Between

Therapist and Client

THERAPEUTIC Therapeutic Goals
PROCESS
▪ Help clients get connected or reconnected

with the people they have chosen to put in
their quality world.

▪ A basic goal is to help clients learn better

ways of fulfilling all their needs.

▪ Basic human needs serve to focus treatment

planning and setting both short and long term
goals.

THERAPEUTIC Therapist’s Function and Role
PROCESS
▪ Therapists teach clients how to engage in self

evaluation

▪ They assist clients in evaluating their own

behavioral direction, specific actions, wants,
perceptions, level of commitment, possibilities
for new directions and action plans.

▪ Therapist convey the idea that no matter how

bad things are there is hope.

▪ They function as an advocate, or someone who

is on the client’s side.

THERAPEUTIC Client’s Experience in Therapy
PROCESS
▪ Clients are not expected to backtrack into the

past.

▪ The emphasis in on actions.

▪ When clients change what they are doing, they

often change how they are feeling and
thinking.

▪ Clients can expect to experience some

urgency in therapy

THERAPEUTIC Relationship Between Therapist and Client
PROCESS
▪ An understanding and supportive relationship

or therapeutic alliance, which is the foundation
for effective outcomes.

▪ Establishing a trusting relationship is critical.

▪ The basis for therapeutic intervention to work

effectively rests on a fair, firm, friendly and
trusting environment.

SEMINAR APPLICATION:
OBJECTIVE THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND
PROCEDURES

✓Understand and apply the

concept on:

▪Phases of Existential

Counseling

▪The Counseling

Environment

▪Procedures that Lead to

Change

▪The WDEP system

APPLICATION: The Practice of Reality Therapy
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND ▪ Can best be conceptualized as the cycle of
PROCEDURES
counseling which consists of 2 major
components:

- Creating the counseling environment

- Implementing specific procedures that lead to

changes in behavior.

APPLICATION: The Counseling Environment
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND ▪ Supportive and challenging environment
PROCEDURES
▪ Therapeutic relationship

▪ It is from this mildly confrontive yet always

noncriticzing, nonblaming, noncomplaining,
caring environment that clients learn to create
the satisfying environment that leads to
successful relationship.

APPLICATION: Procedures That Lead to Change
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND ▪ We are motivated to change
PROCEDURES
▪ When we are convinced that our present

behavior is not meeting our needs

▪ When we believe we can choose other

behaviors that will get us closer to what we
want.

▪ 1st session, a skilled therapist looks for and

defines the wants of the client.

▪ The therapist also looks for a key unsatisfying

present relationship – usually with a spouse, a
child, a parent or an employer.

▪ The emphasis is on encouraging clients to

focus on what they want to control.

▪ When clients begin to realize that they can

control only their own behavior, therapy is
underway.

▪ The rest of therapy focuses on how clients can

make better choices.

APPLICATION: The WDEP System
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND ▪ Effective, practical, usable, theory based, cross
PROCEDURES
cultural and founded on universal human
principles.

▪ Help clients explore their wants, possible

things they can do, opportunities for self
evaluation and design plans for improvement.

APPLICATION: The WDEP System
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND Wants (exploring wants, needs and perceptions)
PROCEDURES
▪ Therapist assist client in discovering their

wants and hopes.

▪ Exploring the picture album/ quality of clients

and how their behavior is aimed at moving
their perception of the external world closer to
their inner world of wants

APPLICATION: The WDEP System
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND Direction and Doing
PROCEDURES
▪ Early in the counseling it is essential to discuss

with clients the overall direction of their lives,
including where they are going and where
their behavior is taking them.

▪ Therapist encourage clients to take action by

changing what they are doing and thinking.

APPLICATION: The WDEP System
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND Self Evaluation
PROCEDURES
▪ Evaluation involves the client examining

behavioral direction, specific actions, wants,
perceptions, new directions and plan.

▪ It is the counselor’s task to assist client in

evaluating the quality of their actions and to
help them make responsible choices and
devise effective plans.

APPLICATION: The WDEP System
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND Planning and Action
PROCEDURES
▪ Once clients determine what they want to

change, they are generally ready to explore
other possible behaviors and formulate an
action plan.

▪ The process of creating and carrying out

plans enables people to begin to gain
effective control over their lives.

APPLICATION: The WDEP System
THERAPEUTIC
TECHNIQUES AND SAMIC = simple, attainable, measurable,
PROCEDURES immediate, involved, controlled by the planner,
committed to, and consistently done.

▪ Characteristics

- The plan is within the limits of the motivation and

capacities of the client.

- Good plans are simple and easy to understand

- The plan involves a positive course of action, and

it is stated in terms of what they client is willing
to do.

- Counselors encourage clients to develop plans

that they can carry out independently of what
others do.

- Effective plans are repetitive and ideally are

performed daily.

- Plans are carried out as soon as possible.

- Plans involve process centered activities.

- Before clients carry out their plan, clients

evaluate it with therapist.

- To help clients commit themselves to their plan,

it is useful for them to firm it up in writing.

THANK YOU


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