Fundamental English 3

MATTHAYOMSUKSA 3

COMPILED BY

THIRANAN SRIWITHAS
JIRAYUT TIBDEE

FUNDAMENTAL ENGLISH (E23101)
SEMESTER 1 ACADEMIC YEAR 2019
MATTHAYOMWATBUENGTHONGLANG SCHOOL

Fundamental English (E23101) PAGE 1

Matthayomsuksa 3 Semester 1 Academic Year 2019 Matthayomwatbuengthonglang School

PREFACE

This book is a part of Fundamental English subject (E23101) in
Matthayomsuksa 3 Matthayomwatbuengthonglang School. The purpose of
this book is an instructional media in this subject and help the student to
increase four English skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing).
There are four units which the students should be learn to increase English
skill. I hope who goes through it will find it useful and worth learning.

THIRANAN SRIWITHAS
JIRAYUT TIBDEE

Foreign Language Department, BL School
April 2019

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Matthayomsuksa 3 Semester 1 Academic Year 2019 Matthayomwatbuengthonglang School

CONTENTS Page
A
PREFACE B
CONTENTS D
COURSE SYLLABUS
1
UNIT Lifestyle
3
 Vocabulary Bank 1 4-1
- Jobs 4-5
5
 Grammar Bank 1
- Present Simple vs Present Continuous 7
- Comparatives - Superlatives 9
- Too - Enough 16

 Review Unit 1 11
14
UNIT Believe it or not! 18

 Vocabulary Bank 2
- Natural phenomena
- Injuries, Accidents & First aid
- Aches & Pains / illnesses

 Grammar Bank 2
- Past Simple vs Past Continuous
- Used to / would / be used to

 Review Unit 2

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CONTENTS Page

UNIT Experiences 20

 Vocabulary Bank 3 22
- Sport 23
24
 Grammar Bank 3 25
- Present Perfect Tense 26
- Just - yet - already - since - for 27
- Have been - Have gone
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense 29
- So - such 31

 Review Unit 3 33
33
UNIT Safe and Sound 35
36
 Vocabulary Bank 4 37
- Breaking the law 39
- Crime F

 Grammar Bank 4
- Past Perfect Tense
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Adjective
- Adjectives: -ing / -ed ending
- Adverb

 Review Unit 4

REFERENCE

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COURSE SYLLABUS

Matthayomwatbuengthonglang School

Subject : Fundamental English Subject Code : E23101
Class : Matthayom 3/1 - 11 Credit : 1.5
Time: 60 periods (3 periods per week / 20 weeks)
Semester: 1/2019

Course Description

The learning activity to develop the students can be listening,
speaking, reading and writing English for using in real life and continue
education in upper lever. The student learn about the difference culture and
tradition between Thai and native speaker. Students can be compare the
difference of grammatical structure, lifestyle and cultural of native speaker
and Thai. Students use language to communicate in simulation and real life
correctly and suitably, including student have investigation and summarise
skills from other experience and relating with other group subjects.
Students can use the language to publicise information, news in school,
village and locality creativity by themselves.

Indicators

F1.1 M.3/1 M.3/2 M.3/3 M.3/4
F1.2 M.3/1 M.3/2 M.3/3 M.3/4 M.3/5
F1.3 M.3/1 M.3/2 M.3/3
F2.1 M.3/1 M.3/2 M.3/3
F2.2 M.3/1 M.3/2
F3.1 M.3/1
F4.1 M.3/1
F4.2 M.3/1 M.3/2

Total 21 indicators

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CORUSE SYLLABUS

Course Outline (Week 10)

Unit 1 : Lifestyle (Week 20)
Unit 2 : Believe it or not! 60 periods (20 weeks)

Mid-term Examination
Unit 3 : Experience
Unit 4 : Safe and Sound

Final Examination
Total :

Measurement and Evaluation

During semester 60 %

- Lifestyle 15 %
- Believe it or not! 15 %
- Experiences 15 %
- Safe and Sound 15 %

Mid-term Examination 20 %

Final Examination 20 %

Total 100 %

Grading Score Grade Meaning Score
80 – 100 % 1.5 Poor 55 – 59 %
Grade Meaning
4 Excellent 75 – 79 % 1 Very Poor 50 – 54 %
3.5 Very Good
3 Good 70 – 74 % 0 Fail 0 – 49 %
2.5 Fairy Good
2 Fair 65 – 69 % ร Incomplete Incomplete
60 – 64 % มส Ineligible to take work or test
Participation
a final exam below 80%

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REFERENCE

Aksorn. (2017). Spark 3 Workbook . Bangkok : Thailand. Aksorn
Chareanthat Company.

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VOCABULARY BANK 1

JOBS

EXERCISE 1 Label the pictures.

security guard make-up artist travel agent dry cleaner
fighter pilot shop assistant graphic designer
bus driver personal trainer computer programmer heart surgeon
photographer lifeguard
interior decorator bank clerk TV presenter truck driver
tour guide
delivery boy accountant

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

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_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ___ _______________________________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________

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GRAMMAR BANK 1

PRESENT SIMPLE VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present simple Present continuous
(Subject + V1 (s,es)) Subject + V to be (is am are) + V-ing

permanent states & facts actions happening now/
around the time of speaking
Sam has a red car.
Water boils when you heat it. Mum’s talking on the phone at the
moment.

habits/ routines future arrangements

I walk to school every morning. I’m going to the cinema tonight.

timetables temporary situations

The plane arrives at 4.15 a.m. We’re looking for a new house.

Time expressions used with the present simple:

 every hour day / week / month / year etc.
 usually
 always
 every morning / afternoon / evening / night,
 at noon / night
 in the morning / afternoon / evening etc.

Time expressions used with the present continuous:

 now
 at the moment
 these days
 at present
 today
 tonight
 nowadays etc.

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EXERCISE 2 Fill in the gaps with the words in brackets.
Use the present simple or present continuous.

1. A: _______________ (you/ want) to go out?
B: I can’t. I _______________ (study) for a history test at the moment.

2. A: It’s very quiet. Where is everybody?
B: Mum ___________ (visit) her aunt and Dad ___________ (walk) the dog.

3. A: We _______________ (go) on holiday every August.
B: Us too! We _______________ (fly) to Italy this year.

4. A: What time ________________________ (the bus/ arrive)?
B: It _______________ (get) here at 6 o’clock.

5. A: _______________ (Fran/ tidy) her bedroom?
B: No, she’s tired. She _________ (lie) on her bed and __________ (watch) TV.

Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets.

EXERCISE 3 Use the present simple or present continuous.

Dear Jake,

How are you? I hope you’re well. I 1) _______________ (write) to tell you
what I 2) _______________ (do) this summer. Every morning, my brother and I
3) _______________ (stay) in the bed until late. Then I 4) _______________ (surf)
the Net and my brother 5) _______________ (watch) TV. Later I 6) _____________
(meet) my friends and we 7) ________________ (hang out) together.
I 8) _______________ (have) a great time!

Today’s a little different though. It’s my brother’s birthday and
we 9) _______________ (eat) out at a Chinese restaurant. After that we
10) _______________ (go) to the cinema. Got to go now. Mum 11) ___________ (call)
me. Write back soon.

Ellie

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REVIEW

Choose the best answer.
Item 1 - 3 Read the conversation and choose the best answer.

Sam: My name is Sam. I am a __1__. And you?
Zoe: My name is Zoe. I am a(n) __2__. Do you like your job?
Sam: Of course! I love to take photos. You like your job, don’t you?
Zoe: I’m afraid I don't like it. Because I must work with number and money.

It makes me serious.
Sam: What would you like to be?
Zoe: I would like to be a __3__. Because I like to travel.

1. 1) security guard 2) photographer 3) TV presenter 4) delivery boy

2. 1) accountant 2) truck driver 3) heart surgeon 4) interior decorator

3. 1) bank clerk 2) heart surgeon 3) shop assistant 4) bus driver

4. I usually ____ to The Mall with my friends. But I ____ to The Mall

with my family today.

1) go / go 2) am going / go 3) goes / going 4) go / am going

5. My mom _______ me to _____ my homework now.

1) calls / do 2) is call / doing 3) is calling / do 4) call / am doing

Item 6 - 7 Find the mistake for each sentences.

6. She is walk to school this morning.

1) 2) 3) 4)

7. Teenager do sports in every evening.

1) 2) 3) 4)

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Item 8 - 10 Read the passage and choose the best answer.

JONATHAN’S LAST DAY
Jonathan is a famous baker. He always gets up at three o’clock every
night and bakes his products. Then he has his breakfast with his wife and
opens his bakery. He has many customers until afternoon. It’s been the same
routine for almost twenty-five years.

Today his daily routine is not the same. It’s the last day in his bakery.
He’s going to retire tomorrow. He is going to be in Hawaii with his wife
next week. He normally wears white clothes, but today he is wearing a
Hawaiian shirt. …

8. What is Jonathan’s job?

1) chef 2) barista 3) baker 4) fisherman

9. What does Jonathan do after he bakes his products?

1) He has breakfast with his wife. 2) He gets up.

3) He goes to be at Hawaii. 4) He wears white clothes.

10. What is Jonathan doing that is not the same routine?
1) He is waking up at eight o’ clock.
2) He is not baking his products.
3) He is not opening his bakery.
4) He is wearing a Hawaiian shirt.

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COMPARATIVES – SUPERLATIVES

short Adjective Comparative Superlative
adjectives slow
fast slower the slowest
-y adjectives easy faster the fastest
busy easier the easiest
longer busier the busiest
adjectives interesting more the most
interesting interesting

 With one-syllable and two-syllable adjectives, we form the
comparatives by adding –er and the superlatives by adding – est

long - longer - the longest

 With adjectives of more than two syllables, we form the comparatives
with more and the superlatives with the most

popular - more popular - the most popular

 We can use less in the comparatives and the least in the superlatives
as the opposite of more … than and the most …

less important - the least important

 With some two-syllable adjectives, such as friendly, clever, narrow
etc., we form the comparatives and superlatives either with –er / -est
or with more / the most.

friendly - friendlier - the friendliest
friendly - more friendly - the most friendly

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Use

 We use the comparatives to compare two people, animals, things,
places etc. We can use than with the comparatives.

An elephant is bigger than a lion.

 We use the superlatives to compare one person, animal, thing etc. with
more than two persons, animals, things etc. in the same group.

Sue is the prettiest girl in the class.

We use the ….. of/ in with the superlatives. We use in with the
superlatives when we talk about places.

He’s the cleverest student of all.
Russia is the largest country in the world.

Study these:

 very + adjective/ adverb She was very rude.

 much/ a lot/ far/ a little/ a bit + comparative form of the adjective

He seems much better today than yesterday.

 (not) as + adjective + as

Lucy is (not) as thin as Beth.

Adjective Comparative Superlative
little less
many/ much more the least
good better the most
bad worse the best
the worst
far farther/ further the farthest/ the
furthest

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EXERCISE 4 Circle the correct words / phrases.

1. Harry is much / more taller than Ron.
2. Jack is much bravest / braver than Simon.
3. Sultan Kosen has got bigger / the biggest hands in the world.
4. Helen is the younger / youngest girl in the family.
5. John’s haircut is better / worst than Freddy’s.
6. Jill is the most short / shortest person in my classroom.
7. Helen is very reserved / more reserved than Monica.
8. Sarah is thinner / thinnest than me.

EXERCISE 5 Fill in the gaps

very much more most than as

1. An air traffic controller needs to be more careful _________ an interior designer.
2. He thinks that acting is the _________ interesting job in the world.
3. Mary isn’t _________ reliable as Jessica.
4. Jack is the _________ daring person I know.
5. Rocky is a very ___________ shy teenager.
6. Stuntmen are more skilful ___________ TV presenters.
7. Laura is the _________ outgoing person in her family.
8. Mark is _________ more easy-going than his brother.

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EXERCISE 6 Complete each sentence with comparative or
superlative form of the adjective in brackets.

1. An acrobat is ______________ (fit) than an air traffic controller.
2. Going to the cinema is ______________ (expensive) than renting a DVD.
3. ______________ (fast) car in the world can travel at 257 mph.
4. A woman from China has ______________ (long) hair in the world at 5.627 m.
5. Laura is much ______________ (happy) today than she was yesterday.
6. A storm chaser needs to be ______________ (daring) than a security guard.
7. The weather is much ______________ (bad) than yesterday.
8. He has ______________ (big) collection of toy cars in the world.

EXERCISE 7 Circle the correct words.

1. Mrs.Jones is the friendliest _______ all our neighbours.

a. in b. than c. of

2. Robert is _______ than Jim.

a. tall b. taller c. the tallest

3. Mary is _______ patient person I know.

a. the least b. less c. little

4. Kate is very tall, so she only wears _______ shoes.

a. flat b. flattest c. much flat

5. I think the green dress suits you _______.

a. more well b. better c. good

6. Alex is _______ more artistic than his sister.

a. very b. much c. as

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TOO - ENOUGH

 Too comes before adjectives. It has a negative meaning and shows
that something is more than enough, more than necessary or more
than wanted.

too + adjective / adverb + to-infinitive

The sea is too cold for us to swim.

 Enough comes before nouns but after adjectives or adverbs. It
has a positive meaning and shows that there is as much of
something as wanted or needed.

adjective / adverb + enough + to-infinitive
enough + noun + to-infinitive

He plays well enough to be in the school team.
They have enough money to go on holiday.
 not … enough + to-infinitive (negative meaning)
He is not old enough to drive a car.
 too … (for somebody/ something) + to- infinitive (negative meaning)
The shelf was too high for me to reach.

Rewrite the sentences using too or enough, as in

EXERCISE 8 the example.

1. The weather is good. We can have a picnic.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Molly can run fast. She can win the race.
__________________________________________________________________
3. The TV is very expensive. You can’t buy it.
__________________________________________________________________

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4. Tom is very strong. He can move the bookcase.
__________________________________________________________________
5. The exercise is very difficult. I can’t do it.
__________________________________________________________________
6. David is very tired. He can’t go out tonight.
__________________________________________________________________

Complete the second sentence so that it means

EXERCISE 9 the same as the first.

1. This shirt is too small for me.
This shirt isn’t _______________ for me.

2. Kyle isn’t old enough to go to school.
Kyle is _______________ to go to school.

3. Millie is too short to reach the top shelf.
Millie isn’t _______________ to reach the top shelf.

4. The living room is too dark for me.
The living room isn’t _______________ for me.

5. The flat is too expensive to buy.
The flat isn’t _______________ to buy.

6. Katie speaks too quietly for me to hear.
Katie doesn’t speak _______________ for me to hear.

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VOCABULARY BANK 2

NATURAL PHENOMENA

EXERCISE 1 Label the pictures.

flood earthquake tsunami avalanche tornado
volcanic lightning hurricane drought eruption

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ _________ _________________________

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EXERCISE 2 Do the crossword.

12

3
4

Across
3. When there is not enough water for plants and animals.
4. A large amount of ice, snow and rock that falls down the side
of a mountain.

Down
1. Air that spin very fast and destroys everything in its path.
2. An enormous wave in the sea.

Fill in the gaps with the words from

EXERCISE 3 the vocabulary above.

1. Many houses were destroyed by the ___________ which measures 6.5 on
the Richter scale.

2. An earthquake on the sea bed caused the ______________.
3. Water from the ___________ filled the streets and damaged many houses
4. They watched the ______________ travel over the land and lift cars from

the roads.
5. The ____________ caused plants and animals to die from a lack of water.
6. After the ______________, lava came flowing down the mountain.

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INJURIES, ACCIDENTS & FIRST AID

EXERCISE 4 Label the pictures.

burn hand sprain wrist hit head cut leg
twist ankle break leg
pull a muscle bruise eye

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______ ____________________________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________

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EXERCISE 5 Cross out the wrong words.

1. You can break your muscle – leg – arm.
2. You can sprain your wrist – ankle – head.
3. You can cut your hand – tooth – leg.
4. You can bruise your hair – leg – eye.
5. You can twist your ankle – knee – nose.
6. You can hit your head – hand – tongue.
7. You can burn your hand – face – muscle.

EXERCISE 6 Complete the sentences. Use phrases from Ex.1.

1. Simon _____________ after falling and had to put it in a plaster cast.
2. Yesterday my mum _______________ on the frying pan.
3. Jane fell and ______________ during basketball practice. She was told to

put ice on it and keep her foot up.
4. Mark __________ when a ball hit it. He couldn’t see properly for days.
5. Susan _______________ while swinging a golf club. She has to rest her

hand for a month.
6. Jenny _______________ against the door. Now she has a terrible headache.
7. As Tom was climbing the rocks, he _______________ and it started

bleeding.
8. While John was running, he _______________ in the back of his leg. It was

very painful to walk home.

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GRAMMAR BANK 2

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST CONTINUOUS

Past Simple Tense

Grammatical Structure

Subject + V2 (past form)

Subject V2

I read
You drank
We went
They broke
gave
He wrote
She walked
It

We use the past simple for:

 An action which happened at a stated time in the past
Melanie won the competition last Monday.

 Actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past
She arrived home, went to the kitchen and made a snack.

Time expressions used with the past simple:

 ago
 yesterday
 last week / month etc.

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Past Continuous Tense

Grammatical Structure

Subject + V to be (was, were) + V-ing (present participle)

Subject has / have V-ing
have
I reading
You has drinking
We
They going
breaking
He
She giving
It writing
walking

We use the past continuous for:

 An action which was in progress at the stated time in the past. We don’t
know when the action started or finished
Last night, Samuel and Joan were watching a film at the cinema.

 A past action which was in progress when another action interrupted it.
We use the past continuous for the action in progress (longer action)
and the past simple for the action that interrupted it (shorter
action)
I was surfing the internet when the lights went out.

 For two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past
Jake was watching the car while Mike was making lunch.

 To give background information in a story
It was snowing and the wind was blowing when we arrived at school.

Time expressions used with the past continuous:

 while
 when
 as
 all day / night / morning etc.

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NOTE: While/ As + past continuous (longer action)
When + past simple (shorter action)

EXERCISE 7 Complete the text with the past simple or
the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

Six Nights in a Tree

David George 1)_________________ (have) terrible experience while he
2)______________(camp) out in New Queensland, Australia last summer. As he
3)_________________(return) home, his horse 4)_________________(jump) over some
rough ground and David 5)_________________(fall) off. He 6)_________________(tell)
his horse to carry him back, but the horse 7)_________________(take) him into
dangerous crocodile country. David 8)_________________(know) that he was in a lot
of trouble so he 9)_________________(climb) up a tree. It was soon midnight, but
David 10)_________________(not/ sleep) because two crocodiles 11) ___________ (wait)
for him at the bottom of the tree. Back home, people 12)________________(look) for
David at the same time as the crocodiles 13)_________________(look) for lunch. David
14) _________________(spend) six nights up the tree before a helicopter
15)_________________(pull) him to safety. David 16)_________________(have) only
two sandwiches to eat during that time, but at least the crocodiles
17) _________________ (not/ have) David to eat.

EXERCISE 8 Circle the correct tense.

1. The tornado was hitting / hit the city and destroyed / was destroying the house.
2. Mark was breaking / broke his leg while he played / was playing football.
3. When they saw / were seeing the snake, they were starting / started to run.
4. Samantha wrote / was writing a letter when the lights were going / went out.
5. Jason was twisting / twisted his ankle while he ran / was running on the sand.

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USED TO / WOULD / BE USED TO

Used to

 We use used to to talk about past habits or things that do not
happen anymore. Used to has the form in all persons, singular and
plural, and is followed by the infinitive.
Emma used to go swimming when she was young.

 We form questions with auxiliary did.
Did John used to have short hair when he was young?

 We can use the past simple or used to to talk about past habits with
no difference in meaning.
She used to live in Glasgow. She lived in Glasgow.

NOTE: We can’t use used to for actions which happened at a stated time
in the past. She moved house yesterday. (NOT: She used to move house
yesterday.)

Affirmative I/ You/ He/ She/ It + used to exercise.

Negative I/ You/ He/ She/ It + didn’t use to exercise.

Interrogative I/ You/ He/ She/ It + used to exercise?

Short Yes, I/ you/ he/ she/ it did.
answers No, I/ you/ he/ she/ it didn’t.

Would

We use would / used to for repeated actions or routines in the past.
We do not use would with state verbs, because they describe states and
not actions.

We would / used to go out on Fridays.

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BUT We used to have a car. (NOT: We would have a car.)

Be used to

Be used to + noun / pronoun / -ing form is used to express habit.
I’m used to waking up early in the morning.

NOTE: We can’t use used to for actions which happened at a stated time
in the past.
She moved house yesterday.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of

EXERCISE 9 the verbs in brackets.

Use used to / didn’t use to.
1. Sam ____________________ (live) in Liverpool. Now he lives in Glasgow.

2. We ____________________ (have) an Internet connection, but we do now.

3. Pete never ____________________ (eat) fruits, but he does now.

4. I ____________________ (have) a laptop, but now I can’t live without it.

5. Sally ____________________ (wear) glasses, but she needs them now.

EXERCISE 10 Circle the correct words / phrases.

1. He is used to / used to working hard.
2. They would / used to have a house in the mountains.
3. Simon left / used to leave an hour ago.
4. She used to watch / watching TV for hours as a teenager.
5. She didn’t use / isn’t use to driving through a storm.
6. As a child, Penny would / used to be afraid of lightning.
7. James used to sprain / sprained his wrist as he was playing tennis.

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ACHES & PAINS / ILLNESSES

EXERCISE 11 Label the pictures.

stomachache toothache headache sore throat
backache rash
cough cold / flu

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________

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EXERCISE 12 Fill in the gaps.

a cold rash toothache cough feel sick backache

1. If he has ____________, he shouldn’t lift anything heavy.
2. John doesn’t like the taste of milk. It makes him ____________.
3. Simon has a terrible ____________. It’s so loud that it’s keeping

everyone awake at night.
4. I have a skin ____________. It’s very itchy.
5. Jane is sneezing and coughing a lot. I think she has ____________.
6. Paul needs to go the dentist’s immediately. His ____________ is

getting worse.

EXERCISE 13 Match the illnesses to the remedies.

1.  rash a. take some cough syrup
2.  cough b. take an aspirin
3.  headache c. put some cream on it
4.  backache d. have a rest
5.  toothache e. see a dentist

Now use phrases (a-e) from Ex.13 to fill in the

EXERCISE 14 exchanges.

1. A: I have a really bad headache.
B: You should _______________________.

2. A: Mary has a cough.
B: Well, I think she should _______________________.

3. A: Dad has backache.
B: He should _______________________.

4. A: Mum has a nasty rash.
B: Well, she should _______________________.

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REVIEW

Choose the best answer.
Item 1 - 3 Read the conversation and choose the best answer.

At the hospital
Doctor : ______1______
JC : I’m not sure what I am. My head is aching and I feel like vomiting

all the time.
Doctor : ______2______
JC : About a few days ago.
Doctor : Can I have a look? Oh! Your temperature is very high. You have a

____3____.

1. 1) Introduce yourself please. 2) What is the matter?
3) How come? 4) You look so terrible.

2. 1) Does it hurt when I press here?
2) How long have you been feeling like this?
3) Do you have any difficulty in swallowing?
4) Could you roll up your sleeve?

3. 1) stomachache 2) rash 3) fever 4) sore throat

4. Mike was watering plants ________ his father was washing a car.

1) when 2) while 3) where 4) what

5. Akeem was making dinner when his wife __________ at home.

1) arrive 2) is arriving 3) arrived 4) has arrived

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Item 6 - 7 Find the mistake for each sentences.

6. Every week he used to buy he mother a bunch of flowers.

1) 2) 3) 4)

7. I would live in New York in 1982.

1) 2) 3) 4)

Item 8 - 10 Read the passage and choose the best answer.

NATURAL DISASTER

The gigantic waves that occur after an earthquake or volcanic
eruption. They can be as high as 30 meters, travel as fast as a jet plane and
go as for inland as 2 kilometers. Most of them happen in the Pacific.

This is a like a mudslide expect it is made up of snow and ice. They
occur in the mountains after fresh snowfalls and can travel at 80 miles an
hour.

This is a strong tropical storm with high winds and heavy rain. They
have a boy’s or girl’s name. They cause tremendous damage when they hit
land, they occur from June until November in the US.

8. What is the natural disaster in paragraph 1?

1) volcanic eruption 2) heat waves 3) flood 4) tsunami

9. What is the natural disaster in paragraph 2?

1) mudslide 2) hailstorms 3) avalanche 4) drought

10. What is the natural disaster in paragraph 3?

1) tornado 2) hurricane 3) blizzard 4) wildfires

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VOCABULARY BANK 3

SPORTS

EXERCISE 1 Label the pictures.

bungee jumping white-water rafting skateboarding canoeing
hang-gliding rock climbing
snowboarding snorkeling motocross mountain biking

skydiving white-water kayaking

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________ ________________________

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_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

EXERCISE 2 List the sports form the box under the headings.

bungee jumping white-water rafting skateboarding canoeing
hang-gliding rock climbing
snowboarding snorkeling motocross mountain biking

skydiving white-water kayaking

Water SPORTS Land
Air

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GRAMMAR BANK 3

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Grammatical Structure

Subject + has / have +V3 (past participle form)

Subject has / have V3
have
I read
You has drunk
We gone
They broken
given
He written
walked
She

It

We use the present perfect:
 For actions which happened at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time is

not mentioned because it is not important. We put more emphasis on the action.
She has started a new job. (When did she start? We don’t mention the exact time because it is

not important. What is important is the face that she has a new job.)

 For actions which started in the past and are still going on in the present.
She has lived there since 1999. (She started living there in 1999, and she is still living there.)

 For actions which have recently finished and whose results are visible in the
present.
She has lost some weight. (We can see that she lost weight. She used to be much heavier.)

With today, this morning/afternoon etc. when these periods of time are not
over at time of speaking.
He has read two books this morning. (It’s still morning so this period of time is not finished.)
BUT He read the book in the morning. (Now it is evening.)

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Time expression used with the present perfect:

 for  just  how long  never
 so far
 since  always  yet  today

 already  ever  lately

 this morning / afternoon / week / month / year etc.

EXERCISE 3 Put the words in the correct order to make
sentences.

1. thieves / The / have / police / arrested / the

__________________________________________________________________
2. food / eaten / Chinese / you / ever / Have?

__________________________________________________________________
3. morning / five / has / emails / sent / this / Dan

__________________________________________________________________
4. liked / always / have / basketball / I / playing

__________________________________________________________________
5. known / How / George / you / have / long?

__________________________________________________________________

JUST - YET - ALREADY - SINCE - FOR

 We use just to show that an action finished only a few minutes
earlier.
He has just arrived in the office.

 We use yet in question and negatives.
Have you finished your work yet? No, I haven’t finished yet.

 We use already in positive statements and questions.
The film has already started. Have you already eaten lunch?

 We use since to state a starting point.
Sam has worked as a lawyer since 2007.

 We use for to express duration.

Sam has worked as a lawyer for three years..

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EXERCISE 4 Circle the correct words.

1. A: Have you seen Liam yet / just?
B: He has since / just arrived.

2. A: Have you worked here for / since long?
B: I’ve worked here for / since February.

3. A: Have you tidied your room yet / just?
B: I’ve already / since finished.

4. A: Are we there yet / already?
B: No, and we’re just / already half an hour late. We need to hurry up.

5. A: I haven’t written to Mary since / for ages.
B: Really? She’s since / just sent me an email.

HAVE BEEN - HAVE GONE

 We use have been to say that someone went somewhere but has come back.
She has been to Paris. (She went to Paris, and she came back. She is no longer there.)

 We use have gone to say that someone went somewhere and is still there.
He has gone to the supermarket. (He has not returned yet.)

EXERCISE 5 Complete the sentences.

Use have / has been or have / has gone

1. Mum ____________________ to the supermarket. The fridge is full of food.
2. Daniel and Emma _______________ to Germany. They are studying in Berlin.
3. Gary is not here. He ______________________ skateboarding with his friends.
4. They ___________________________ to the cinema twice this month.

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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Grammatical Structure

Subject + has / have + been + V-ing (present participle)

Subject has / have been V-ing

I have been reading
You has drinking
We
They going
breaking
He
She giving
It writing
walking

We use the present perfect continuous to place emphasis on the duration
of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present.

We have been walking for the last four hours.

Time expressions used with the present perfect continuous:

 since  how long

 for  all day / week etc

EXERCISE 6 Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or
the present perfect continuous.

1. She ______________________________ (already / buy) tickets for the concert.
2. Mark ________________________________________ (play) football all morning.
3. The rescue team _____________________________ (look) for the missing

climber for a week.
4. Chris _______________________________ (exercise) for weeks and feels terrific.
5. I’m sorry I’m late _______________________________________ (you / wait) long?

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SO - SUCH

We use so / such to express the result of something.
 so + adjective / adverb

I am so busy (that) I don’t have any free time.
 such + a / an + adjective + singular countable noun

It was such a boring film (that) we left.
 such + adjective + uncountable or plural noun

It was such good weather (that) I went for a week.
They were such friendly people (that) everyone liked them.

EXERCISE 7 Fill in the gaps with so or such.

1. I never knew that snowboarding is ________________ an exciting sport.
2. We were in Barcelona for _________ a short time that we didn’t see much.
3. They went to the airport ____________ late that they missed their flight.
4. Nathan felt _________________ tired that he cancelled his squash game.

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REVIEW

Choose the best answer.
Item 1 - 3 Read the conversation and choose the best answer.

Luwis : _______________1___________________?
Cian : I prefer badminton to any other games.
Luwis : How long have you been playing it?
Cian : _______________2__________________?
Luwis : Could you tell me why you like it?
Cian : Nothing! Just it doesn’t cost much and I enjoy playing indoor sport.
Luwis : May I join you?
Cian : _______3________ Come and join us please.

1. 1) What sport do you like to play most 2) Where do you do this sport most
3) Whom do you play with 4) Are you enjoy with this sport

2. 1) I will play it about 2 hours per a week. 2) I have been playing it for 3 years.

3) The gym is 200 meters from here. 4) No! It is too short.

3. 1) I’m afraid I can’t. 2) Thanks. 3) Of course! 4) No matter.

4. Brooke _________________ her restaurant __________ 5 years.

1) having open / since 2) has opened / for

3) has been opened / for 4) have open / since

5. Have you eaten breakfast _______? Yes, I have eaten breakfast _________.

1) just / for 2) since / yet

3) already / since 4) yet / already

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Item 6 - 7 Find the mistake for each sentences.

6. Luna has been studying English and Mathematics since 10 years.
1) 2) 3) 4)

7. She and her boyfriend have been Japan since 2015, they haven’t come back yet.

1) 2) 3) 4)

Item 8 - 10 Read the passage and choose the best answer.

A POPULAR WATER SPORT

Surfing is a popular sport in oceans and the Great Lakes. It takes a
stormy day for good waves to build on the lakes. Usually lake surfers go out
in the winter. They wear long wetsuits to keep warm in the cold waters.
Ocean surfing is much better. Ocean surfers can count on good waves much
more often. They can usually wear just bathing suits and surf sunny weather.
Surfers use a board for both lake and ocean surfing.

8. How are lake and ocean surfing alike?
1) The surfers always wear wetsuits. 2) The surfers like a stormy day
3) The surfers use a board on the waves. 4) The surfers can count on good waves.

9. How are lake and ocean surfing different?
1) Lake surfers usually wear bathing suits.
2) The sport is popular in both kinds of water.
3) Lake waves build only in stormy weather.
4) Lake surfers usually surf in sunny weather.

10. What is the fact sentence in this passage?
1) Usually lake surfers go out in the winter.
2) Ocean surfing is much better.
3) Ocean surfers can count on good waves much more often.
4) All of them is fact sentences.

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VOCABULARY BANK 4

BREAKING THE LAW

EXERCISE 1 Label the pictures.

robbery car theft shoplifting vandalism
pickpocketing
speeding arson burglary murder
hijacking
bribery mugging kidnapping

____________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________________ ___________

____________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________ ______________________

_____________________________________ ___________________________________ ______________________ ____________

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____________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________

___________________________________

EXERCISE 2 Read the clues and fill in the word on the right.

robbery car theft shoplifting vandalism
pickpocketing
speeding arson burglary murder
hijacking
bribery mugging kidnapping

1. When somebody steals a car, he / she commits … _______________

2. When somebody sprays paint on a wall, he / she commits _______________

3. When somebody steals from a bank, he / she commits … _______________

4. When somebody kills someone, he / she commits … _______________

5. When somebody drives too fast, he / she commits the act of … _______________

6. When somebody attacks someone and steals something from

them in public, he / she commits the act of … _______________

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7. When somebody gives money to someone to commit an illegal

act, he / she commits … _______________

8. When somebody steals money or other things from a person’s

pocket, he / she commits the act of … _______________

9. When somebody sets a forest or a building on fire, he / she _______________
commits … _______________

10. When somebody steals from a shop, he / she commits …

CRIME

arrest break into a house murder mug

kidnap set fire hijack rob a bank

drive fast put somebody in prison spray paint bribe

ReEaXERCISE 3 What type of crime occurred in the following situations?

Do the crossword.

1 2 Across

1. Don’t move. We’re taking control of this
plane!

6. Slow down! You’re going to crash the car.

3

4 Down
5 2. Give us the money and you’ll get your son

back.
3. Take the money and don’t say anything to
6 anyone!
4. He hit me on the head, took my bag and ran

away!
5. The whole building was on fire! But as they

said on the news, it wasn’t an accident!

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Complete the table with the words from the box

EXERCISE 4 below.

mugger mugging hijack robbery vandal pickpocket kidnap
shoplifting murder shoplifter hijacking vandalise murderer
spy (×2) kidnapping robber pickpocketing burglary burgle

Verb Person Crime
1) rob burglar murder
2) hijacker
3) vandalism
4) shoplift kidnapper spying
5)
6)
7) pickpocket
8)
9)
10) mug

EXERCISE 5 Use the words from exercise before in the correct
form to complete the headlines.

FIVE TEENS CHARGED WITH 2) _______________ OF LOCAL BANK
1) ______________, AFTER BY YOUTHS SHOCKS COMMUNITY

SPRAYING PAINT ON PUBLIC LOCAL SHOP OWNER CATCHES
BUILDINGS 4) _______________ AS SHE TRIES

TO LEAVE CLOTHES SHOP.

MAYOR’S SON IS RETURNED
SAFELY. TWO 5) ______________ ARE

CHARGED WITH THE CRIME.

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GRAMMAR BANK 4

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Grammatical Structure

Subject + had +V3 (past participle form)

Affirmative I / You / We / They / He / She / It had come.

Negative I / You / We / They / He / She / It hadn’t come.

Interrogative Had I / You / We / They / He / She / It come?

Short Yes, I / You / We / They / He / She / It had.
answer No, I / You / We / They / He / She / It hadn’t.

We use the past perfect for an action that happened before another past
action or before a stated time in the past.
She had tidied her room before her mum came home.

Time expressions used with the past perfect:

 before  for  until  by the time
 after  since  by etc.
 already  just

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Grammatical Structure

Subject + had +V3 (past participle form)

Affirmative I / You / We / They / He / She / It had been running.

Negative I / You / We / They / He / She / It hadn’t been running.

Interrogative Had I / You / We / They / He / She / It been running.

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Short Yes, I / You / We / They / He / She / It had.
answer No, I / You / We / They / He / She / It hadn’t.

We use the past perfect continuous:
 To emphasise the duration of an action that started and finished in the

past before another past action or stated time in the past.
They had been searching for their cat for six hours before they found it.
 For an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result
was visible in the past.
Jane was very tired because she had been working in the garden all day.

Time expressions used with the past perfect continuous

 for  how long  until etc.
 since  before

Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect

EXERCISE 6 or the past perfect continuous.

1. Mr. Smith ______________________ (spend) most of his working life as a
policeman.

2. Susan was upset because she ____________________ (just / find) out that
someone _________________________ (steal) her car.

3. By the time the police arrived, the thieves _______________________ (escape).
4. The police _________________________ (try) to find the stolen goods for weeks.
5. Jason ________________________________ (walk) down the street when he

heard a loud crash.
6. Jenny _______________________________ (never / give) a statement to the

police before.
7. The police found out that he _______________________ (be) in trouble with the

law many times in the past.

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ADJECTIVE

 Adjectives describe nouns. They have the same form in the singular and

plural.

a cheap laptop - cheap laptops an expensive car - expensive cars

 Adjectives go before the nouns they describe.

It is a long film.

They also go after the verbs: be, look, seem, smell, sound, feel, taste etc.

She is tall. He seems bored. She feels good.

 There are opinion adjectives (beautiful, good etc.) which show what a

person thinks of somebody or something, and fact adjectives (long,

strong, young etc.) which give us factual information about somebody or

something, that is, they describe what somebody or something is like in

reality.

Order of adjectives

 Opinion adjective go before fact adjectives.
a beautiful young woman

 When there are two or more fact adjectives in a sentence, they usually go
in the following order:

Quantity Quality Size Shape Age Colour Nationality Material Noun

Two rich fat - young black American - men

A beautiful small oval old brown Italy wooden desk

 When do not usually use a long list of adjectives before a single noun. A
noun is usually describe by one, two or three adjectives at the most.
Alan bought a small Italian pot yesterday.

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EXERCISE 7 Put the adjectives in the correct order.

1. a pair of brown / new / leather boots
_______________________________________________________________________

2. a rectangular / huge / sliver screen
_______________________________________________________________________

3. a plastic / narrow / white brush
_______________________________________________________________________

4. a(n) small / expensive / new fax machine
_______________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 8 Look the sentences and thick  that sentence is

valid or error.

1. Look at this! This is a beautiful pink paper lamp. ____  valid ____  error

2. Tomyumkong is the most delicious Thai food. ____  valid ____  error

3. A young lazy men is my boyfriend. ____  valid ____  error

4. Korea King pan is a new metal good pan in the World. ____  valid ____  error

5. The old red Europe car has sold yesterday. ____  valid ____  error

ADJECTIVES: -ING / -ED ENDING

 Adjectives ending in -ing are used to describe things.
The book was interesting. (What was the book like? interesting)

 Adjectives ending in -ed are used to describe feelings.
Mike was bored (How did Mike feel? Bored)

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