TECHDRAFT 10 Q3 M1

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Technology and
Livelihood Education

Information and Communications
Technology

Technical Drafting
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Drafting Structural Layout,
Electrical and Electronic Layout
and Details Using Computer-Aided

Drawing (CAD)

Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 10
Information and Communications Technology - Technical Drafting
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 - Module 1: Drafting Structural Layout, Electrical and Electronic Layout

and Details Using Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Division of Bukidnon

Development Team of the Module

Author: Hermie M. Abaquita

Editors: Emmanuel T. Yap, Elenita L. Rara, Ma. Nelly M. Vildosola

Reviewer: Mary Jane R. Cardente, PhD

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Hermie M. Abaquita

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Audie S. Borres, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, PhD, Chief ES, CLMD
Marie Emerald A. Cabigas, PhD, EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM

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Website: depedbukidnon.net.ph

Lesson Drafting Structural Layout

1 and Details Using CAD

What’s New

This lesson is designed to help you recognize the most appropriate design,
proper locations in doing such foundation plans (footing, wall footing, and columns)
and to be familiarized with the different materials needed in making a house or
building foundations. However, before proceeding to the new lesson, you need to
know some terms listed below that you will encounter in drafting foundation plans.

Definition of Terms

Foundation - is the part of the building below the surface of the ground which is
sometimes called the substructure.

Footing - is an expansion at the lower end of a wall, pier, or column to distribute the
load into the ground.

External Reference - is a DWG, DWF, DWFx, raster image, DNG, or PDF file
incorporated into a drawing for reference only.

Layer Filters - are settings that screen out, or filter; are layers you do not want to
display in the list view pane of the layer properties manager.

Library Path - is the path AutoCAD that searches by default to find an xref file,
including the current folder and locations set in the options dialog box.

Limit Dimensioning - is a method of dimensioning in which the upper and lower
limits are given instead of the specified dimension and tolerance.

Limits - are the size of the virtual drawing area in model space. They are the largest
and smallest numerical values a feature can have.

Linear Parameter - creates a measurement reference between two points.

Line Conventions - are standards related to line thickness, type, and purpose.

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Line Spacing - is the vertical distance from the bottom of one line of text to the
bottom of the next line.

Line Type Scale - is the length of dashes and spaces in line types.

Truss - is the framework, typically consisting of rafters, posts, and struts, supporting
a roof, bridge, or other structure.

Mono Truss - is a truss that has only one slope as opposed two (half of a common
truss).

Hip Truss - is a truss erected to sustain the angle-rafters of a hip-roof.

Beam - is a long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or
part of a building, usually to support the roof or floor above.

Joist - is a length of timber or steel supporting part of the structure of a building,
typically arranged in parallel series to support a floor or ceiling.

Lateral Bracing - refers to any piece (wood or metal) on a bridge that helps keep the
top chord from bending horizontally.

Schedule Bracing - is a structural member, such as a beam or prop used to
reinforce a framework like the supporting beam in a building.

All structures are required to have a foundation. The foundation provides a
base to distribute the weight of the structure into the soil. The weight or load must be
evenly distributed over enough soil to prevent it from compressing the soil. In
addition to resist the load from gravity, the foundation must resist floods, winds, and
earthquakes. Where flooding is a problem, the foundation system must be designed
for the possibility that much of the supporting soil may be washed away.

The foundation must also be designed to resist any debris that may be carried
by floodwaters. Symbols are used on floor plans to describe items that are
associated with living in the home, such as doors, windows, cabinets, and plumbing
fixtures. Other symbols are more closely related to the construction of the home,
such as electrical circuits, material sizes and spacing. One of the most important
concerns of the drafter is to carefully combine all the symbols, notes, and
dimensions on the floor plan so that the plan is uncluttered and easily read.

The design of the roof must be considered before the roof plan is drawn. The
designer will consider the basic shape of the roof as the floor plan and elevations are
drawn in the preliminary design stage. This does not mean that the designer plans
the entire structural system for the roof during the initial stages, but the general
shape and type of roofing material to be used will be planned. Often the roof can

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present a larger visible surface area than the walls. In addition to aesthetic
considerations, the roof can also be used to provide rigidity in a structure when wall
areas are filled with glass.

To ensure that the roof will meet the designer’s criteria, a roof plan is usually
drawn by the drafter to provide construction information. In order to draw the roof
plan, a drafter should understand the types of roof plans, various pitches, and
common roof shapes and materials.

What Is It

Using CAD to Draw the Foundation Plans
The six steps used to draw a foundation plan manually are similar to the steps

used when drawing with AutoCAD. Below is the sequence in coming up a foundation
plan based on standards, but you may also innovate/ modify some techniques which
are familiar to you.

1. Plan your drawing.

This first step includes planning where the drawing will be created
and stored. The needed layers, line types and kind of loads need to be
supported. Since you do not have the same kind of accuracy problems
when working with CAD as you have with manual drafting, the CAD floor
plan may be used as an accurate basis for drawing the foundation plan.

2. Display the floor plan.

The second step is to display the floor plan and then begin the
foundation drawing directly over the floor plan on another layer.

3. Draw the outer side of the stem walls using the OSNAP command.

4. Freeze all floor-related information once the outline of the floor plan
has been traced.

5. Use the OFFSET command to lay out the thickness of the stem walls
and footings.
Corners can be adjusted by using the FILLET or TRIM command.

6. Change the lines representing the footings using the CHANGE
PROPERTIES command.

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By following the step-by step instructions for a particular foundation
type, the plan can be completed.
7. Use the dimensions used on the floor or framing plan.

Show the existing dimensions so that they are displayed on the
foundation drawing or use the COPY command to place the needed
dimension in the drawing. Use a layer such as BASE DIM for placing
dimensions required by the floor and foundation plans.
8. Place any dimensions that were not placed on previous plan views
as needed on the foundation plan.

This will include the locations of openings in the stem wall for any
doors into the garage, foundation supports, and braced wall anchor
locations. Openings in the exterior envelope that will be above a wood
floor system do not need to be located on the foundation plan.

Activity 1

Directions: Using CAD, select the appropriate tools/ commands in creating the
typical column and footing details. As shown in the drawing below,
label each detail following the sequence for drawing structural plan
using AutoCAD.

Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

Wall footings are pad or spread and strip footings which are used to support
structural or nonstructural walls to transmit and distribute the loads to the soil in such
a manner that the load-bearing capacity of the soil is not surpassed. This is in
addition to avoiding excessive settlement and rotation and maintain sufficient safety
against sliding and overturning.

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Wall footing runs along the direction of the wall. The size of the footing and the
thickness of the foundation wall are specified based on the type of soil at the site.
The width of the wall footing is generally 2-3 times the width of the wall.

This activity allows the students to learn the basic command step in AutoCAD.

Activity 2

Directions: Using any computer with an internet connection, click the link given
below to view the basic steps in learning AutoCAD.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHrfxjgFQt8

You can also visit this site for more knowledge on using AutoCAD

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gbLacjW90

What’s More

Activity 3

Directions: Using CAD, select the appropriate tools/ commands in creating the
typical column and footing details. As shown in the drawing below,
label each detail following the sequence for drawing structural plan
using AutoCAD.

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Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

Note: Consider the measurements according to the column and footing
specified. Layers and colors must conform to the standards.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4

Directions: Below is a sample illustration of a typical floor slab detail. From your
finished foundation plan, draft a floor slab detail, use the given slab
schedule using the appropriate CAD tools/ commands.

Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

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What I Can Do

Activity 5

A. Directions: Using CAD, draft and complete the foundation plan below by using
the appropriate tools/ commands.

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Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

B. Directions: Click the link below and watch the video on how to do a foundation
plan using command in AutoCAD.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OWLjTTJNUM

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For the actual performance, the rubrics indicated below will be the basis in
determining the particular competency you need to focus to make you a good
AutoCAD manipulator.

Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

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Assessment

You will be challenged to recall your prior knowledge and experiences about
drafting structural layout and details. This phase will guide you in assessing yourself
by answering the questions below. It will also give you the opportunity to explore the
basics of drafting structural layout and details using CAD.

Multiple Choice

Directions: Read and analyze the statements/ questions below. Choose the letter
of the that corresponds to the correct answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

_____ 1. Which circle is drawn with a bow compass?

A. 360° circle B. circle template

C. irregular curve D. flexible curve

_____ 2. Where do you set the compass to draw a 2 ½ diameter circle?

A. 1.25” B. 1.50”

C. 2.00” D. 2.50”

_____ 3. What is the purpose of an erasing shield?
A. to prevent tearing the drawing media
B. to avoid erasing nearby lines accidentally
C. to protect areas that you do not want to erase
D. All the choices are correct answers to the question.

_____ 4. Which of the following is not an advantage of sketching?

A. refinement of ideas B. to practice drawing

C. to communicate ideas D. to capture ideas

_____ 5. An object is usually shown in more than one view in ____ drawing.

A. a rough sketch B. a multi-view

C. an isometric D. an oblique

_____6. Concurrent engineering design involves ideation, implementation, and

__________.

A. aesthetics B. creativity

C. life cycle D. refinement.

_____ 7. What are the three principal views of orthographic drawings?

A. isometric, perspective, oblique B. top, front, side (end)

C. CAD, ISO, ANSI D. top, bottom, side

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_____ 8. When using the TRIM command, which do you select first?

A. cutting edges B. everything

C. object to be trimmed D. nothing

_____ 10. How many snap points does an object have?

A. one B. two

C. depends upon the object D. at least four

_____ 11. How many points do you need to define for the rectangle command?

A. one B. two

C. four D. none

_____ 12. How many AutoCAD objects are there in a rectangle?

A. none B. one

C. four D. eight

_____ 13. If you draw a line at 270 degrees, where does it point to?

A. up B. down

C. left D. right

_____ 14. How long will a line be when drawn from 1,4 to 4,4?

A. four units B. eight units

C. three units D. none of the choices

_____ 15. How long will a line be from 1,4 to @ 4<5?

A. three units B. four units

C. five units D. 6.4031 units

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Lesson Drafting Electrical and
Electronic Layout and
2 Details Using Computer-
Aided Drawing (CAD)

What’s New

In drafting a foundation plan for buildings and other structures, the electrical
and electronic layout should also be given importance. Proper or correct layout
contributes to the success of the work of a draftsman or any skilled person on this
aspect. To proceed with the lesson in this module, answer first this activity.

Activity 1

Directions: On the table below, put a check ( ) mark under the columns no
knowledge, a little or a lot if you think you possess the skills needed in
drafting electrical and electronic plans or layout. Write your answers on
the activity notebook.

Skills in Drafting Electrical and Electronic No A Little A Lot
Plans and Layout Knowledge

1. I know how to draft lighting and power layouts
according to electrical drafting standards.

2. I can place riser diagram and circuiting
symbols in electrical plans and layouts.

3. I can indicate legend and general notes
according to local power service provider.

4. I know how to layout fire alarm and protection
system symbols in the auxiliary system and
layout plan according to Fire Code.

5. I can layout electronic and communication
devices according to electrical drafting
requirements.

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What Is It

Electrical layout can be placed on the floor plan with all the other symbols,
information, and dimensions. This is a common practice on simple floor plans where
the addition of the electrical symbols does not overcomplicate the drawing. Another
option is to draw electrical plans on a separate sheet that displays the floor plan
walls and key symbols, such as doors, windows, stairs, furniture, cabinets, and room
labels.

Through this module, you will learn how to draw diagrams of electrical and
electronic circuits, proper symbols, layout, and other details using computer-aided
drawing (CAD). The CAD provides an excellent tool for creating electrical plans after
the floor plans are drawn. Not needed floor plan layers are turned off or frozen with
electrical layers turned on to create the electrical plan. It is easy to create a separate
drawing from the key elements of the base drawing in this manner.

Drafting Electrical Plans and Lay outs
This lesson is designed to enhance your knowledge of the different symbols

and materials used in lay-outing the power and lighting plans based on the electrical
plan and layout.

Using CAD to Draw Electrical Plans
CAD electrical symbol libraries provide quick insertion of these symbols.

When a CAD system is used, each symbol and feature on the electrical plan can be
placed on an individual layer.

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Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

The electrical plan is prepared as a separate floor plan drawing, named
Electrical Plan. If you are creating a separate electrical plan, draw the plan as
described in the following steps and use the CAD layering system as needed. In
architectural CAD programs, you can select symbols from pull-down menus, icon
menus, dialog boxes, and tablet menus. These software programs provide you with
maximum variety and flexibility to create a high-quality electrical plan in an efficient
manner.

Most of the common electrical symbols are provided with the software of
many of the CAD programs. When these symbols are available, you may select the
desired symbol from a menu, dialog box, palette, or library and insert the symbol into
position on the drawing. In the event that a desired electrical symbol is not available,
you are often given tools to create custom electrical symbol libraries.

AutoCAD, for example, includes a powerful drawing information manager

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called Design Center. A number of symbol libraries are installed with AutoCAD that
are available as drawing (.dwg) files. Numerous different files contain architectural
symbols and other types of content. The symbols in each library can be accessed in
Design Center and dragged and dropped into your drawing.

Revit, an Autodesk, Inc. product, is an architectural modelling software that
also includes several parametric electrical symbols. These parametric symbols are
attached to ceiling and wall objects. If the ceiling or wall objects are modified, the
electrical symbols react to the changes such as moving with the wall or ceiling. There
are also several online resources with electrical symbols in different CAD file formats
for use in the floor plans.

Features and Sequence of Creating CAD Electrical Plan
1. Switch locations labeled with proper placement and identification, such as
three-way, four-way, or dimmer
2. Inside and outside light fixture locations
3. Recessed light fixture locations
4. Fluorescent light fixtures
5. Switch legs drawn with dashed lines
6. Duplex convenience outlets located based on code requirements
7. Kitchen and bath GFCI outlets
8. Exterior duplex convenience outlets specifying weatherproof and GFCI
9. Outlets for refrigerator, microwave on a separate circuit, garbage disposal with
switch, dishwasher, trash compactor, clothes washer
10. Exhaust fans
11. Smoke detectors
12. Utility and appliance outlets: furnace, clothes dryer, range, ovens, and water
heater shown and labeled
13. Outlets are 200 volts for electric appliances as needed, or gas and 220-volt
outlets.
14. Garage door junction boxes with switches for automatic door openers
15. Television, telephone, separate internet jack, and computer outlets shown
and labeled on separate circuits
16. Vacuum system outlets located and labeled
17. Circuit panel location, and specifications
18. Door buzzer and chime location
19. Smoke detectors at each bedroom or sleeping area
20. Review all specific notes.
21. General notes
22. Drawing title and scale
23. Title block information

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Performance Rubric Date: __________
Name: __________________________________
Year & Section: ___________________________

Drafting Auxiliary System Using CAD

This lesson is designed to enhance your recognition of the fire alarm and
protection system symbols in the auxiliary system according to Fire Code using CAD

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related activities. You will also engage in lay-outing electronic and communication
devices according to electrical drafting standards using CAD.

Each engineering office uses its own set of symbols. However, the symbols
below are common across many offices. Refer to the symbol sheet for special
symbols used in a particular set.

Steps in Drawing the Auxiliary System Plan
Step 1: Draw all light fixtures.
Step 2: Place all electrical outlets, such as duplex convenience, range,
television, clock, and junction boxes.
Step 3: Draw all additional electrical symbols including doorbells, smoke
detectors, fans, and power panels.
Step 4: Letter all switch locations and provide switch characteristics, such as
three-way switches.
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What’s More

Activity 2. Create Electrical Layout Guidelines

Directions: By analyzing the sample floor plan below, formulate your own electrical
layout guidelines based on how the symbols and fixtures are properly
placed on the given sample. Be sure to discuss your presentation in the
class (during face-to-face). If there is no face-to-face instruction, write
your discussion on another sheet of paper.

Sample Floor Plan

Photo Credit: Hermie M. Abaquita

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Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glwP2ZgyklE

Performance Rubric Date: ________________

Name: ______________________________
Year and Section: _____________________

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What I Have Learned

Looking back at the activities you have done, definitely you have now the
idea on how to draft electrical and electronic layout and details using computer-
aided drawing (CAD). Hence, you are now knowledgeable in answering the activity
below.

Activity 3. Multiple Choice

Directions: Read and analyze the questions. Choose the letters that correspond
to the correct answers. Write the chosen letter on your activity
notebook.

1. What does the fillet command create? B. round corners
A. sharp corners D. boneless fish
C. round and sharp corners

2. How does a polar array create new objects?

A. in a grid pattern B. in a circular pattern

C. in a straight line D. in a northern pattern

3. The distances of a chamfer are _____.

A. always different B. sometimes different

C. always the same D. never the same

4. When should you use snaps? B. when drawing lines only
A. when making dimensions D. when drawing arcs and circles
C. when creating hatches

5. How many layers should there be in a drawing?

A. one B. one for each object

C. ten D. as many as needed

6. When do you need to change the height of the text?
A. only when starting the drawing
B. only in a special text dialog box
C. when starting the text command
D. You cannot; it is pre-set by AutoCAD.

7. What does scaling do to objects? B. stretches them
A. makes them bigger D. duplicates them
C. makes them smaller

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8. How many views do you need to show in an orthographic projection?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. as many as are needed

9. When should you use a hatch pattern for section views?
A. when showing a steel pattern B. to emphasize the floor area
C. to make the drawing accurate D. to specify materials to be used

10. What are the three (3) character file extension names of an AutoCAD

drawing?

A. dwg B. drw

C. cad D. aut

What I Can Do

Activity 4

Directions:

1. Draft a complete auxiliary system plan using CAD reflective of all features
and symbols. You may use the existing floor plan previously presented in
this module.

2. Using the same floor plan on the activity in drafting electrical plans, draft a
complete auxiliary system plan using CAD indicating all features and
symbols. You may use the design center to insert auxiliary symbols and/or
fixtures you have created previously as AutoCAD blocks.

Submit the output to your teacher on the scheduled date of submission.

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Assessment

Formulation of Auxiliary Systems Guidelines
Directions: By analyzing the sample floor plan from the preceding page, formulate

your own auxiliary system guidelines based on how the symbols and
fixtures are properly placed in the given sample. Be sure to discuss
your presentation in the class (if there is face-to-face instruction). If
there is no face-to-face instruction, write your discussion on a separate
sheet of paper. Submit your output to your teacher on the scheduled
date of submission.
Note: You may indicate features of the auxiliary system guidelines with implications
on (a) persons with disabilities, (b) safety and emergency access, etc.

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Performance Rubric Date: __________

Name: _____________________________
Year & Section: ______________________

Congratulations!
I hope you enjoyed working on this module.

You have done well. Keep it up!

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Answer Key

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References

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B41NpxO8pu79blVfYW5RTU1vaWc/view.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B41NpxO8pu79bzItRFYzaHBEVEU/view.
file:///C:/Users/asus/Desktop/tg_in_entrep-based_technical_drafting.pdf.
https://www.pnoytalks.com/2015/10/technology-and-livelihood-education-tle-g10-tg-
lm.html.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHrfxjgFQt8.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B41NpxO8pu79bzItRFYzaHBEVEU/view.
Learn About AutoCAD: An Introduction for Beginners at https://images-na.ssl-
images-amazon.com/images/I/C1BxaOC0-IS.pdf . Accessed June 02, 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glwP2ZgyklE.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHrfxjgFQt8 Accessed June 07, 2020.

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Division of Bukidnon

Office Address: Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon

Telefax: (088) 813-3634

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Website: depedbukidnon.net.ph

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