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2หน่วยที่_2_เรื่อง_สำรวจพืชบริเวณที่พักอาศัย_1-65

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Published by soonyarach-, 2022-05-29 02:52:42

2หน่วยที่_2_เรื่อง_สำรวจพืชบริเวณที่พักอาศัย_1-65

2หน่วยที่_2_เรื่อง_สำรวจพืชบริเวณที่พักอาศัย_1-65

ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ͹ÃØ ¡Ñ ɾ ¹Ñ ¸¡Ø ÃÃÁ¾ª× 1 ÃËÊÑ ÇªÔ Ò Ç20209 ªÑ¹é ÁѸÂÁÈ¡Ö ÉÒ»·‚ èÕ 3

¤Ã¾Ù Ô·¡Ñ ɏ ÈÙ¹ÂÐÃÒª à¹é×ÍËÒº·àÃÂÕ ¹ µ§éÑ ã¨àÃÂÕ ¹
¡¹Ñ ¹Ð¤ÃѺ
 1. Å¡Ñ É³ÐÇÊÔ ÂÑ áÅжè¹Ô ÍÒÈÑ ‘¾ÃÊÇÃä
 2.¡Òè´Ñ ầ‹ »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾ª× ÁÕËÅÒÂÇÔ¸Õ äÁÊ‹ íÒ¤ÑÞ
 3. ¡ÒÃ㪌»ÃÐ⪹¨ Ò¡¾ª× ã¹´ŒÒ¹µ‹Ò§ æ ෋ҡѺ¾ÃáÊǧ’

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Å¡Ñ É³ÐÇÔÊÂÑ (Habit)¢Í§¾×ª ËÁÒ¶§Ö ÃٻËҧÅѡɳТͧ¾¹Ñ ¸äØ ÁŒ·èÕÁͧàËç¹ã¹ÊÀÒ¾¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ
ઋ¹ ໚¹¾‹ÁØ à»š¹µ¹Œ ÊÙ§ãËÞ‹ ËÃ×ÍàÅéÍ× Â¾Ò´¾¹Ñ ÍÂÙ‹º¹µŒ¹äÁŒÍ×è¹ à»š¹µ¹Œ

¶Ôè¹ÍÒÈÑÂ(Habitat)¢Í§¾×ª ËÁÒ¶֧ ʶҹ·èÕáÅÐÊÀÒ¾·èվתµ‹Ò§ æ ¢éÖ¹ÍÂً㹸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¾×ªáµ‹ÅÐ
ª¹´Ô ¨Ð¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹·èµÕ ‹Ò§ æ ¡Ñ¹ ઋ¹ Í‹ºÙ ¹´Ô¹ ÍÂã‹Ù ¹¹íÒé ËÃ×Íͺ‹Ù ¹µ¹Œ äÁÍŒ ¹è× æ

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2.¡ÒèѴầ‹ »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾ª× 2.1 ầ‹ »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾ª× â´ÂÍÒÈÂÑ
ÁÕËÅÒÂÇ¸Ô Õ â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ

2.2 ẋ§»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾×ªâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ
ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃà¨ÃÞÔ àµÔºâµ

2.3 ầ‹ »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾ª× â´ÂÍÒÈÂÑ
¨Òí ¹Ç¹¤Ã§Ñé ·¾Õè ª× ÁÕ´Í¡

2.4 . ẋ§»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾ª× â´Â
ÍÒÈÑ“¶Ôè¹ÍÒÈÑ” (habitat)

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 1.Herbaceous plants 䴌ᡋ ¾ª× «Ö§è ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡ÅÒí µ¹Œ ͋͹ ÁàÕ ¹×Íé àÂèÍ× ·Õ·è Òí ÒãËŒà¡´Ô ¤ÇÒÁᢧç áç (mechanical tissue)
¹ÍŒ ¡ÇÒ‹ à¹×Íé àÂÍè× parenchyma ¾ª× ¾Ç¡¹ÁéÕ ÕÅѡɳÐÇÔÊÂÑ à»š¹ herbs áÅÐÁ¡Ñ ¨ÐàÃÂÕ ¡¡Ñ¹Ç‹Ò¾×ªÅŒÁÅØ¡

¿‡Ò·ÐÅÒÂâ¨Ã ᵧ¡ÇÒ

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 2.Woody plants ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾ª× «§èÖ ÅíÒµŒ¹á¢§ç ÁÕà¹é×ÍàÂèÍ× ··Õè íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁá¢ç§áçÁÒ¡â´Â੾ÒÐà¹×éÍàÂÍè× sclerenchyma
áÅÐ secondary xylem ʋǹÁҡ໹š ¾ª× ãºàÅÕÂé §¤Ù‹ Á¾Õ תãºàÅÕé§à´ÕèÂǺҧª¹Ô´à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹·ÕèÁÕÅ¡Ñ É³Ð͹ØâÅÁ໹š woody
plant ઋ¹ ¾×ª¾Ç¡»ÒŏÁ (palm)¾×ª¾Ç¡ woody plants ÁÅÕ ¡Ñ ɳÐÇÔÊÑÂä´ËŒ ÅÒÂẺ ´§Ñ ¹éÕ

Shrubs äÁŒ¾ØÁ‹ Tree äÁŒµ¹Œ Climber äÁŒàÅ×éÍ Scandent äÁÃŒ ÍàÅ×éÍÂ

ÁÒ‹ ¹ºÒËÅÕ 10

 1.Annuals 䴌ᡋ ¾×ª·àèÕ ¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµµÑé§áµ‹àÃèÁÔ §Í¡ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡àÁÅç´ ¨¹¡Ãз§èÑ âµàµçÁ·ÕèÍÍ¡´Í¡ÍÍ¡¼Å ¡Ô¹àÇÅÒ
1 Ä´¡Ù ÒÅ ËÃ×ÍÍ‹ҧÁÒ¡äÁ‹à¡¹Ô 1 »‚áÅÇŒ µŒ¹¡çµÒ ઋ¹ ·Ò¹µÐÇ¹Ñ ´ÒÇàÃ×ͧ ´ÒÇ¡ÃШÒ ¢ÒŒ Ç ¶ÇèÑ µÒ‹ § æ ໚¹µ¹Œ

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 2.Biennials 䴌ᡋ ¾×ª·èãÕ ªàŒ ÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃà¨ÃÞÔ àµºÔ âµµ§éÑ áµ‹§Í¡¨Ò¡àÁÅ´ç ¨¹¶Ö§ÃÐÂзÍèÕ Í¡´Í¡¼Å»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2 »‚â´Âã¹»‚
ááàÃÁèÔ §Í¡¨Ò¡àÁÅ´ç Á¡Õ ÒÃà¨ÃÞÔ áµ¡¡§Ôè ¡ÒŒ ¹áÅÐ㺠ᵨ‹ ÐÍÍ¡´Í¡ÍÍ¡¼ÅàÁèÍ× ÂÒ‹ §à¢ŒÒ»·‚ 2èÕ áÅÐËÅѧ¨Ò¡ÍÍ¡´Í¡ÍÍ¡
¼ÅáÅÇŒ µŒ¹¨ÐµÒ ¾ª× ¾Ç¡ biennials ¹éÁÕ ¡Ñ ¨ÐäÁ¾‹ ºã¹àÁ×ͧä·Â ʋǹÁÒ¡¨Ð໚¹¾Ñ¹¸äØ ÁµŒ Ò‹ §»ÃÐà·È·èÕ¢é¹Ö ã¹·èÕ æ ÁÕ
ÍÒ¡ÒÈ˹ÒÇ µÑÇÍ‹ҧહ‹ ¤èÖ¹©Ò‹ ½Ãè§Ñ (Celery) ËÇÑ á¤ÃÍ· (Carrot) ËÇÑ ¼¡Ñ ¡Ò´á´§ (Beet) ¡ÐËÅÒíè »Å(Õ Cabbage)

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 3.Perennials ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾ª× ·èÁÕ ÍÕ ÒÂØÂ¹× ¹Ò¹ËÅÒ»ł Òí µ¹Œ ¢Í§¾×ª¾Ç¡¹ÕéÊÇ‹ ¹·ÍèÕ ÂÙà‹ Ë¹Í× ´Ô¹ ÍÒ¨¨ÐàËÕèÂÇá˧Œ ä» áµ‹àÁ×èͶ§Ö Ä´Ù
·ÍèÕ Í¡´Í¡¡ç¨Ðᵡ˹͋ ãËÁ‹¢Ö¹é ÁÒ¨Ò¡ÅÒŒ µ¹Œ ãµ´Œ ¹Ô ËÅ§Ñ ¨Ò¡½¹µ¡äÁ¡‹ è¤Õ çÑé હ‹ ¾Ø·¸ÃÑ¡ÉÒ ¢§Ô ¢‹Ò ໚¹µ¹Œ ¾ª× ¾Ç¡
perennial ¹ÕéºÒ§ª¹Ô´ÍÒ¨¨ÐÁÍÕ ÒÂØÂ¹× ¹Ò¹ËÅÒ»₠´Â·Õè处 äÁÁ‹ Õ¡ÒÃÍÍ¡´Í¡ÍÍ¡¼Å ᵋàÁÍè× ÍÍ¡´Í¡ÍÍ¡¼Åà¾ÂÕ §¤Ã§Ñé
à´ÂÕ Çµ¹Œ ¡ç¨ÐµÒ હ‹ »Ò† ¹ÈùÒÃÒ³ ÅÒ¹ ໚¹µŒ¹

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 1.Monocarpic plant 䴌ᡋ ¾×ª·ÕèÁ´Õ Í¡Á¼Õ ŤÃé§Ñ à´ÂÕ ÇáÅÇŒ µÒÂä» «è§Ö 䴌ᡋ ¾Ç¡ annual áÅÐbiennial µÒ‹ § æ ÃÇÁ·éѧ
ÅÒ¹ áÅÐ »Ò† ¹ÈùÒÃÒ³´ŒÇÂ

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 2.Polycarpic plant ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾×ª·èÊÕ ÒÁÒöÁÕ´Í¡Á¼Õ Åä´ËŒ ÅÒ¤ÃÑ駵Œ¹¶§Ö ¨ÐµÒÂä»ä´Œá¡¾‹ ª× ¾Ç¡perennial µÒ‹ § æ
µÇÑ Í‹ҧહ‹ ¾·Ø ¸Ã¡Ñ ÉÒ ÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ¢¹Ø¹

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¾×ªáµ‹ÅЪ¹´Ô ¨ÐÁÕ¶Ô¹è ÍÒÈѵҋ § æ ¡¹Ñ
ઋ¹ ÍÂÙ‹º¹´Ô¹ ã¹¹éíÒ ËÃ×Í¢Öé¹Í‹ºÙ ¹µ¹Œ äÁŒÍè¹× ´Ñ§¹Ñ鹨§Ö ẋ§»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾ª× µÒÁÊÀÒ¾·Õè¢Öé¹ÍÂً㹸ÃÃÁªÒµäÔ ´Œ ´Ñ§¹éÕ

 1.Terrestrial plants ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾×ª·Õè¢é¹Ö ÍÂÙ‹º¹´Ô¹ àÃÂÕ ¡¾×ª¾Ç¡¹éÕÇÒ‹ ¾×ªº¡ હ‹ ÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ¢¹¹Ø ÁÐÅÐ¡Í à»š¹µ¹Œ

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¾×ªáµ‹ÅЪ¹Ô´¨ÐÁÕ¶¹èÔ ÍÒÈÂÑ µ‹Ò§ æ ¡Ñ¹
હ‹ ÍÂÙ‹º¹´¹Ô ã¹¹éÒí ËÃ×Í¢¹Öé Í‹ٺ¹µ¹Œ äÁŒÍ×¹è ´§Ñ ¹éѹ¨§Ö ầ‹ »ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾ª× µÒÁÊÀÒ¾·¢Õè é¹Ö ÍÂً㹸ÃÃÁªÒµäÔ ´Œ ´Ñ§¹Õé

 2.Aquatic plants ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾×ª·¢èÕ éÖ¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹Òíé àÃÕ¡¾×ª¾Ç¡¹éÕÇÒ‹ ¾ª× ¹Òéí ¾ª× ¹Òíé 处 ÊÒÁÒöá¡ä´àŒ »š¹ 3 ¾Ç¡ãËÞ‹æ ¤×Í
1. Floating ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾ª× ·ÅÕè ͹éÒí ÃÒ¡¨ÐäÁ‹ÊÁÑ ¼ÑÊ¡ºÑ ´¹Ô ¨Ðà¤Åè×͹·äÕè »µÒÁ¡ÃÐáʹíéÒâ´ÂäÁÁ‹ àÕ ¤Ã×èÍ§Â´Ö àª¹‹
¼¡Ñ µºªÇҨ͡á˹ ໚¹µŒ¹
2. Submersed ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾ª× ·èÃÕ Ò¡ÂÖ´¡ºÑ â¤Å¹µÁãµ¹Œ Òéí ʋǹµ¹Œ áÅÐ㺨ÁÍ‹ãÙ µŒ¹Òéí ´ÇŒ  હ‹ ÊÒËËÒÂËÒ§¡ÃÐÃÍ¡
Ê¹Ñ µÇÒ㺾Ò ໹š µŒ¹
3. Immersed ä´áŒ ¡‹ ¾×ª¹éíÒ·ÕÊè Ç‹ ¹ÃÒ¡Â´Ö ¡Ñº´Ô¹ËÃÍ× â¤Å¹µÁ㵌¹íÒé Ōҵ¹Œ ÍҨ͋ãÙ µŒ¹Òíé ËÃ×ͺҧÊÇ‹ ¹¾¹Œ ¹éÒí ¢¹Öé ÁÒ
ãºáÅд͡Á¡Ñ ¨Ðª¢Ù Ö¹é ¾¹Œ ¹íéÒ àª‹¹ ºÑÇËÅǧ ºÇÑ ÊÒÂâʹ

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¾×ªáµ‹ÅЪ¹´Ô ¨ÐÁÕ¶Ô¹è ÍÒÈÂÑ µ‹Ò§ æ ¡Ñ¹
હ‹ Í‹ºÙ ¹´¹Ô ã¹¹éíÒ ËÃÍ× ¢é¹Ö Í‹ºÙ ¹µ¹Œ äÁÍŒ ×è¹ ´Ñ§¹¹éÑ ¨Ö§áº‹§»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾×ªµÒÁÊÀÒ¾·¢èÕ é¹Ö ÍÂً㹸ÃÃÁªÒµäÔ ´Œ ´Ñ§¹Õé

 3.Epiphytic plants 䴌ᡋ ¾ª× ·¢Õè éÖ¹à¡ÒÐÍ¡ً ѺµŒ¹äÁŒÍ×è¹ â´Â·èÕäÁ‹ä´ÍŒ ÒÈÑÂÍÒËÒèҡµ¹Œ ·ÕÁè ¹Ñ à¡ÒÐÍ‹٠àÃÂÕ ¡¾ª× ¾Ç¡¹ÕéÇÒ‹
“¾×ª¾Ç¡àÍ»»ä ¿·” ËÃÍ× “¾ª× Í§Ô ÍÒÈÂÑ ” ઋ¹ ¡ÅŒÇÂäÁºŒ Ò§ª¹´Ô ʹ ໹š µŒ¹

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¾×ªáµÅ‹ Ъ¹´Ô ¨ÐÁ¶Õ ¹èÔ ÍÒÈÂÑ µ‹Ò§ æ ¡¹Ñ
ઋ¹ Í‹ºÙ ¹´Ô¹ ã¹¹Òéí ËÃ×Í¢Ö¹é ͺً ¹µ¹Œ äÁŒÍ¹è× ´§Ñ ¹¹éÑ ¨Ö§áº‹§»ÃÐàÀ·¢Í§¾×ªµÒÁÊÀÒ¾·Õ¢è é¹Ö ÍÂً㹸ÃÃÁªÒµäÔ ´Œ ´§Ñ ¹Õé

 4.Parasitic plants 䴌ᡋ ¾ª× ·Õè¢Öé¹Í‹١ºÑ ¾ª× ËÃÍ× Ê§Ôè ÁÕªÕÇµÔ Í×¹è ¾×ª¾Ç¡¹ÕéÁÑ¡¨ÐÊÃÒŒ §ÍÒËÒÃàͧäÁä‹ ´µŒ ÍŒ §ÍÒÈÂÑ ÍÒËÒÃ
¨Ò¡ÊèÔ§ÁÕªÇÕ µÔ ·ÁÕè ¹Ñ ÍÒÈÑÂà¡ÒÐ͹ً ¹Ñé ¨Ð·ÒŒ ÅÒÂʧÔè ÁÕªÕÇµÔ ¹é¹Ñ æ ¨¹ã¹·ÊèÕ Ø´ÍÒ¨µÒÂä»ä´ŒÁ¡Ñ ¨ÐàÃÕ¡¾ª× ¾Ç¡¹ÕÇé ‹Ò
“¾×ª¾Ç¡¾ÒÃÒä«·” ËÃÍ× “¾×ª¾Ç¡¡Ò½Ò¡” હ‹ ¡Ò½Ò¡ µŒ¹½Í·ͧ ໚¹µŒ¹

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