PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 24 – 26 Mei 2023 Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Hotel Swiss-Garden, Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 24 – 26 May 2023 Grand Hibiscus Swiss Garden Hotel, Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur Penganjuran bersama Co-organisers
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 2 Isi Kandungan / Contents Ucapan alu-aluan / Welcoming speeches • Rektor, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) Rector, International Islamic University Malaysia 3 • Presiden Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia President Malaysian Translators Association 4 • Ketua Pengarah Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Director General Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 5 • Pengarah Urusan / Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books 6 • Pengerusi Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa Ke-19 Convener of the 19th International Conference on Translation 7 Maklumat PPA-19 / ICT-19 Information • Latar belakang / Background 8 • Objektif / Objectives 8 • Tema / Themes 8 • Topik persidangan / Conference topics 9 • Sub tema / Sub themes 9 • Skop & topik / Scope & topics 9 • Atur Cara Majlis Perasmian / Opening Ceremony Event Schedule 11 • Atur Cara PPA-19 / ICT-19 Event schedule 12 • Jadual Selari PPA-19 / ICT-19 Parallel session schedule 15 • Abstrak / Abstracts 18 • AJK PPA-19 / ICT-19 Committee 33
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 3 Ucapan Alu-Aluan Rektor, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) Rector, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh dan Salam sejahtera, Alhamdulillah, saya memanjatkan kesyukuran ke hadrat Allah Subhanahuwataala, kerana dengan izin dan perkenan-Nya kita semua dapat meneruskan tradisi keilmuan ini dengan menganjurkan Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa ke-19 (PPA-19). Kali ini kita dapat bertemu di tempat persidangan yang indah ini setelah terganggu dengan wabak COVID-19 dan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan dan terpaksa bersidang secara hibrid. Kali ini Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) menerusi IIUM Press dan Jabatan Perpustakaan dan Sains Maklumat, Kulliyyah Perpustakaan & Sains Maklumat, UIAM telah bekerjasama dengan Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka serta Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia bagi menganjurkan PPA-19 ini. Persidangan yang menghimpunkan para penterjemah profesional, ahli akademik dan penyelidik dalam bidang penterjemahan, penerbit, sarjana, pakar bahasa dan sasterawan menjadikan ini suatu wadah yang amat berkesan bagi melaporkan perkembangan terkini, membahaskan isu mutakhir dan membentangkan pengalaman masing-masing agar dapat menghasilkan natijah yang baik untuk kita semua. Tema yang dipilih pada kali ini, “Penterjemahan Global untuk Kesejahteraan Sejagat” sangat dekat dengan iltizam kami di UIAM yang sentiasa ingin memimpin apa juga gerakan dalam memajukan ilmu pengetahuan melalui misi kami “Leading the Way”. Komitmen UIAM itu telah diterjemahkan dalam bentuk program penterjemahan yang dimulakan pada tahun 2020 bersempena pemilihan Kuala Lumpur sebagai Kota Buku dunia. Alhamdulillah, sehingga kini projek ini telah menerbitkan hampir seratus judul buku terjemahan pelbagai genre dan bahasa sungguhpun berhadapan dengan pelbagai cabaran semasa wabak COVID-19. Insya-Allah, usaha kita untuk memperkaya khazanah ilmu melalui kegiatan penerbitan dan penterjemahan akan turut memberikan sumbangan dalam melahirkan Masyarakat Madani yang berilmu pengetahuan sebagaimana yang dihasratkan oleh kerajaan sekarang. Kepada semua peserta, saya mengalu-alukan kehadiran anda ke PPA-19 dan mengambil bahagian secara aktif dalam setiap sesi pembentangan dan perbahasan. Saya merakamkan ucapan tahniah kepada semua pihak ini yang telah mewujudkan kerjasama pintar demi manfaat yang besar kepada masyarakat yang dahagakan bahan bacaan baharu hasil kerja-kerja penterjemahan. Selamat Bersidang. PROFESOR EMERITUS TAN SRI DATO’ DZULKIFLI ABDUL RAZAK REKTOR UNIVERSITI ISLAM ANTARABANGSA MALAYSIA
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 4 Ucapan Alu-Aluan Presiden, Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia (PPM) President, Malaysian Translators Association Sebagai Presiden Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia, saya turut mengalu-alukan para peserta Ke Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa ke-19 pada 24-26 Mei 2023 ini. Pada kali ini tema kita adalah Terjemahan Global untuk Rahmatan Lil Alamin, iaitu kita membuat penterjemahan untuk seluruh alam untuk kebaikan seluruh manusia. Memang kelihatan tema ini sangat umum. Namun bagi memahami tema ini marilah kita lihat apa yang sebenarnya berlaku. Dari segi profesional, saya terlibat dalam penerbitan buku-buku untuk bacaan umum, kanak-kanak, remaja dan orang dewasa. Sepuluh tahun dahulu kami hanya menterjemah buku Inggeris ke dalam Bahasa Melayu. Namun kini, pengalaman ini sudah berubah menjadi lebih luas. Kami sekarang sudah mula juga menterjemah buku China, Korea, Jepun, Perancis dan Jerman ke dalam Bahasa Melayu. Dan kita menterjemah banyak buku Arab tentang agama Islam ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Kita sudah melangkah ke alam global. Dan buku kami juga mula diterjemah ke dalam bahasa-bahasa lain, terutama karya sastera. Selamat bersidang kepada tuan-tuan dan puan-puan. PROFESOR EMERITUS DR. ABDULLAH HASSAN PRESIDEN PERSATUAN PENTERJEMAH MALAYSIA Pengerusi Bersama Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa ke-19, 2023
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 5 Ucapan Alu-Aluan Ketua Pengarah, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Director General, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Assalamualaikum warahmatullah wabarakatuh dan Salam Malaysia Madani. Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa kali ke-19 (PPA19) merupakan komitmen yang berterusan yang dilaksanakan di Malaysia dalam usaha menjulang ilmu terjemahan ke peringkat antarabangsa. Usaha ini menunjukkan ilmu terjemahan ini semakin berkembang dan menjadi pilihan bagi menyampaikan ilmu yang meliputi pelbagai bidang bersesuaian dengan tema PPA19, iaitu Penterjemahan Global untuk Kesejahteraan Sejagat. PPA19 menjadi wadah bagi para sarjana, pengamal industri terjemahan, cendekiawan dan pelajar dari dalam mahupun luar negara berkongsi dan bertukar pandangan bagi mengangkat bidang penterjemahan ini di dalam negara dan juga pada peringkat antarabangsa. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) sentiasa menyokong sepenuhnya usaha penterjemahan termasuklah penterjemahan karya agung di Malaysia yang sekali gus dapat mempromosikan bahasa, seni dan budaya masyarakat Malaysia. Hal ini menjadi tunjang silang budaya melalui pengkaryaan selain pemindahan ilmu pengetahuan dari pelbagai negara yang bukan sahaja daripada bahasa Inggeris namun daripada bahasa utama dunia lain yang relevan. Pemindahan ilmu daripada bahasa sumber kepada bahasa Melayu haruslah pantas agar Malaysia turut seiring maju dalam pelbagai bidang segerak pantas dunia digital. Harapan saya semoga PPA19 ini mencapai muafakat objektifnya dan ilmu terjemahan akan terus dipandang serius bagi memandaikan bangsa melalui pembacaan pelbagai karya terjemahan, selain karya Malaysia disebarluaskan ke pelosok dunia. DR. HAZAMI JAHARI KETUA PENGARAH DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 6 Ucapan Alu-Aluan Pengarah Urusan/Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif, Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books Assalamu’alaikum wrt wbt dan Selamat Sejahtera, Alhamdulillah, syukur kehadratAllahSWT,denganizin-Nyakitasekali lagidapatbertemusecarafizikal bagi menjayakan Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa Ke-19 (PPA-19). Pertemuan secara fizikal ini lebih bermakna dan akan kekal dalam ingatan sebagai medan pertemuan dwitahunan yang mengeratkan dan meningkatkan hubungan yang telah lama terjalin dalam kalangan para penggiat industri terjemahan, bahasa dan penerbitan untuk berbincang dan bertukar-tukar pendapat bagi menyemarakkan industri terjemahan tanah air. Saya mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi tahniah kepada tuan rumah PPA-19, iaitu Penerbit Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (IIUM Press), Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia(UIAM) kerana berjaya menganjurkan PPA-19 dengan kerjasama rakan strategik tetap, iaitu Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia (ITBM), Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia (PPM) dan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP). Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa Ke-19 yang bertemakan “Penterjemahan Global untuk Kesejahteraan Sejagat” secara langsung akan mengetengahkan bagaimana fenomena globalisasi memberi kesan penting dalam bidang terjemahan. Tema ini amat bermakna kepada ITBM yang banyak melaksanakan penterjemahan komersial dan sosial untuk masyarakat Malaysia dan global. Melalui tema ini juga diyakini pelbagai kertas bermutu tentang perkembangan terjemahan di peringkat global akan dibincangkan seterusnya diharap akan memberikan impak kepada industri terjemahan Malaysia. Diharapkan juga para peserta yang terdiri daripada pensyarah, penterjemah, jurubahasa, penyelidik dan pelajar dapat mengambil manfaat daripada kertas yang dibentangkan terutama hasil daripada kajian terkini oleh sarjana bidang terjemahan dari dalam dan luar negara. Harapan ITBM agar PPA-19 ini dapat menjadi medan pertemuan terbaik untuk merancakkan aktiviti penterjemahan tanah air. Selamat Bersidang! SAKRI ABDULLAH PENGARAH URUSAN/KETUA PEGAWAI EKSEKUTIF INSTITUT TERJEMAHAN & BUKU MALAYSIA (ITBM)
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 7 Ucapan Alu-Aluan Pengerusi Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa Ke-19 Convener of the 19th International Conference on Translation dan Salam Sejahtera. Saya mengalu-alukan kedatangan para tetamu kehormat dan penterjemah ke Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa kali ke 19 (PPA-19), Mei 2023. Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) diberi amanah untuk menganjurkan Persidangan ini bagi kali kedua. Sebelumnya, UIAM telah menjayakan anjuran PPA-7 pada tahun 1999. Persidangan ini meletakkan keyakinan yang tinggi pada usaha untuk memperkayakan ilmu pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam bidang penterjemahan. Penterjemahan memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan ilmu pengetahuan disampaikan dengan jelas dan tepat, dan dalam konteks Rahmatan ‘lil ‘Alamin, sebagai bakti kemanusiaan yang menyejagat dan khidmat kebajikan yang meratai seluruh alam ini. Persidangan ini memberi ruang untuk penterjemah berkongsi hasil dapatan kajian, pengalaman pengamal, dan gagasan terkini dalam penterjemahan. Sebanyak 32 kertas kerja bertemakan Penterjemahan Global untuk Kesejahteraan Sejagat (Global Translation for Rahmatan ‘lil ‘Alamin) telah dipilih untuk pembentangan. Secara umumnya, penterjemah dalam mendokong penterjemahan global kesejahteraan sejagat telah menyentuh permasalahan dan perkembangan dalam teknologi terjemahan Bahasa Melayu, Islamisasi pengetahuan melalui terjemahan, sejahtera, pelancongan sukan – hospitaliti patuh Shariah, semiotic, isu etika seperti kesalahan terjemahan, dan pelatihan. Saya ucapkan tahniah kepada para penterjemah atas usaha gigih dan iltizam anda dalam menjayakan tugas ini. Hasilnya, lebih mudah untuk kita memahami ilmu pengetahuan melintasi sempadan bahasa dan budaya. Di akhir persidangan ini, satu resolusi bakal diputuskan bagi memastikan kelangsungan pelatihan dan industri penterjemahan. Bidang penterjemahan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai karier anda atau setidak-tidaknya sebagai hobi anda. Saya akhiri kata aluan saya dengan serangkap pantun: Tingkap papan kayu bersegi Sampan sakat di Pulau Angsa Indah tampan kerana budi Tinggi darjat kerana bahasa Sekian, PROF. DATIN DR. ROSLINA OTHMAN PENGERUSI PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE 19 (PPA-19) MEI 2023
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 8 Maklumat Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa Ke-19 LATAR BELAKANG Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa (PPA) yang juga dikenali sebagai International Conference on Translation (ICT) pertama kali dianjurkan pada tahun 1984 dengan inisiatif Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia (PPM) serta Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) atas kesedaran terhadap peri pentingnya penterjemahan sebagai wahana dalam usaha pemindahan ilmu yang utama bagi membina kemajuan negara dan bangsa. PPA merupakan mercu tanda yang dikenali oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam bidang penterjemahan, bukan sahaja di Malaysia tetapi di peringkat antarabangsa. Persidangan dwi tahunan ini merupakan satu-satunya persidangan penterjemahan yang dianjurkan di Malaysia untuk semua pihak yang terlibat dalam bidang dan industri penterjemahan, termasuk ahli akademik, pengamal, penyelidik dan pelajar. Kali ini, IIUM Press, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) dipilih menjadi Tuan Rumah persidangan dwitahunan ini dengan sokongan penganjur bersama: Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia (PPM), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia (ITBM) dan Jabatan Perpustakaan dan Sains Maklumat (DLIS), UIAM. OBJEKTIF PERSIDANGAN 1. Mengangkat peranan penterjemahan dalam mewujudkan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan global 2. Menggalakkan pertukaran pendapat dan pengalaman dalam bidang pelatihan penterjemahan yang akan membawa kepada kecemerlangan akademik dan kerjasama pada peringkat tempatan dan antarabangsa 3. Merangsang wacana intelektual dan profesional dengan harapan untuk membincangkan isu, perspektif, teori, teknik serta amalan terkini, penyelidikan dan pengiktirafan dalam bidang penterjemahan 4. Membuka ruang kepada penemuan baru dan pendekatan alternatif dari aspek teori dan aplikasi penterjemahan dan interpretasi 5. Mempererat dan memperkukuh kerjasama dalam kalangan penterjemah dalam dunia akademik dan professional TEMA Penterjemahan Global untuk Kesejahteraan Sejagat
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 9 TOPIK PERSIDANGAN • Teknologi terjemahan Bahasa Melayu • Islamisasi ilmu melalui terjemahan • Sejahtera • Pelancongan sukan – Hospitaliti patuh syariah • Semiotik • Isu etika – Kesilapan terjemahan • Latihan SUB TEMA • Penterjemahan dan Media • Intrepretasi dan Pengantarabangsaan • Penterjemahan Syariah dan Undang-undang • Penterjemahan Ekonomi Islam • Penterjemahan Industri Halal • Penterjemahan Penerbitan Ilmiah • Teknologi Penterjemahan Terkini SKOP & TOPIK • Penterjemahan dan Media • Intrepretasi dan Pengantarabangsaan • Penterjemahan Syariah dan Undang-undang • Penterjemahan Ekonomi Islam • Penterjemahan Industri Halal • Penterjemahan Penerbitan Ilmiah • Penterjemahan dan Lokalisasi • Sosiolinguistik dan Penterjemahan • Penterjemahan Berbantukan Mesin • Usaha sama dan Akreditasi • Penterjemahan untuk Golongan Istimewa • Penterjemahan Teks Khusus; Dokumen Rasmi • Penterjemahan Teks Kesusasteraan • Penterjemahan dan Pelancongan [Pelancongan Perubatan (Health Tourism) • dan Pelancongan Sukan (Sport Tourism)] • Penterjemahan dalam Pendidikan • Latihan; Kerjaya dalam Penterjemahan • Penilaian Terjemahan • Masa depan dan Kelestarian Bidang Penterjemahan • Suara Penterjemah
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 10
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 11 MAJLIS PERASMIAN PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 (PPA-19) RABU, 24 MEI 2023 GRAND HIBISCUS, HOTEL SWISS GARDEN BUKIT BINTANG, KUALA LUMPUR Atur Cara Majlis / Event Schedule 9.30 pagi Ketibaan Tetamu Jemputan Arrival of Invited Guests 9.55 pagi Ketibaan / Arrival of YBhg. Prof. Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak Rektor, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia Rector of International Islamic University Malaysia 10.00 pagi Nyanyian Lagu ‘Negaraku‘ Singing of National Anthlem ‘ Negaraku’ Bacaan Doa / Doa Recitation 10.05 pagi Ucapan Alu-aluan / Welcoming remarks oleh / by YBhg. Prof. Emeritus Abdullah Hassan Presiden / President Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia Malaysian Association of Translators 10.15 pagi Ucapan Perasmian / Official Opening Speech oleh / by YBhg. Prof. Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak Rektor, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia Rector of International Islamic University Malaysia 10.30 pagi Majlis Pelancaran Buku Bersama Collective Book Launching Ceremony Penyampaian Cenderamata Souvenir Presentation Sesi Fotografi Photography Session 11.00 pagi Jamuan Ringan / Refreshment
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 12 Atur Cara / Event Schedule TARIKH/DATE MASA/TIME SIDANG/SESSION TEMPAT/ VENUE 24 MEI 2023 (RABU) / 24 MAY 2023 (WEDNESDAY) 07.30 – 08.25 PENDAFTARAN PESERTA / PARTICIPANTS REGISTRATION Bilik Teratai 1, 2 & 3 Lotus Room 1, 2 & 3 08.30 – 09.45 SIDANG SELARI 1 / PARALLEL SESSION 1 Bilik Teratai 1, 2 & 3 Lotus Room 1, 2 & 3 9.30 – 10.00 KUDAPAN / REFRESHMENT 10.00 – 11.25 MAJLIS PERASMIAN PERSIDANGAN / CONFERENCE OPENING CEREMONY oleh / by YBhg Prof. Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak Rektor, UIAM / Rector, IIUM Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 11.30 – 12.10 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS DASAR 1 / POSITION PAPER 1 YBhg Prof. Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak Rektor, UIAM / Rector, IIUM Tajuk / Title: Penterjemahan Global untuk Kesejahteraan Sejagat Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: Dr. Hasuria Che Omar Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 12.15 – 12.55 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS PLENARI 1 / PLENARY PAPER 1 Prof. Dr. Ahmad Faris bin Ismail Timbalan Rektor (Akademik & Pengantarabangsaan) UIAM Deputy Rector (Academic & Internationalisation) IIUM Tajuk / Title: “New Challenges Facing Global Translation” Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: Dr. Dahlina Daut Mohmud Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 13.00 – 14.00 MAKAN TENGAH HARI / LUNCH Garden Terrace 14.00 – 14.40 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS PLENARI 2 / PLENARY PAPER 2 Prof. Dr. Mohammed Zeki Khedher, Presiden, Institut Pengkomputeran Antarabangsa untuk Quran dan Sains Islam President, International Computing Institute for Quran & Islamic Sciences Previously Professor at Mosul University and Jordan University Title: Machine Translation in the Service of Islamic Sources / Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: Dr. Nasser Youcef Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 13 14.45 – 15.25 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS DASAR 2 / POSITION PAPER 2 Dr Hasuria Che Omar Timbalan Presiden / Deputy President Persatuan Penterjemahan Malaysia Malaysian Association of Translators Tajuk / Title: Kerangka Pentauliahan Penterjemah di Malaysia Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Roosfa Hashim Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 25 MEI 2023 (KHAMIS) / 25 MAY 2023 (THURSDAY) 08.30- 09.10 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS DASAR 3 / POSITION PAPER 3 En. Sakri Abdullah Pengarah Urusan / Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Managing Director / Chief Executive Officer Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia Institute of Translation and Books (ITBM) Tajuk / Title: Peranan Terjemahan Dalam Menyemarakkan Budaya Ilmu Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: PM Dr. Salinah Jaafar Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 09.15-10.15 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS PLENARI 3 / PLENARY PAPER 3 Professor Claudia V. Angelelli Pengerusi Kepelbagaian Bahasa dan Komunikasi Chair of Multilingualism and Communication Herriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK Tajuk / Title: Ethics in Translation Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: Prof. Datin Dr. Roslina Othman Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 10.20 – 11.10 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS DASAR 4 / POSITION PAPER 4 Dr. Hazami Jahari Ketua Pengarah / Director General Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: Puan Siti Rafiah Sulaiman Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 11.10-11.30 KUDAPAN / REFRESHMENT 11.30-13.30 SIDANG SELARI 2 / PARALLEL SESSION 2 Bilik Teratai 1, 2 & 3 Lotus Room 1, 2 & 3 13.30 – 14.30 MAKAN TENGAH HARI / LUNCH Garden Terrace 14.30–16.30 SIDANG SELARI 3 / PARALLEL SESSION 3 Bilik Teratai 1, 2 & 3 Lotus Room 1, 2 & 3 20.30-22.30 MAKAN MALAM PERSIDANGAN / CONFERENCE DINNER Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 14 26 MEI 2023 (JUMAAT) / 26 MAY 2023 (FRIDAY) 08.30-09.30 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS PLENARI 4 / PLENARY PAPER 4 Ms. Alison Rodriguez Presiden / President Persekutuan Penterjemah Antarabangsa International Federation of Translation (FIT) Perancis / France Tajuk / Title: Narratives vs new ChatGPT: necessary or just ‘nice to have’? Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: Dr. Intan Safinaz Zainuddin Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 09.35-10.15 PEMBENTANGAN KERTAS PLENARI 5 / PLENARY PAPER 5 Prof. Dr. Omar Hasan Kasule Ketua Setiausaha / Secretary General Institut Pemikiran Islam Antarabangsa / International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) Pengerusi sesi / Chairperson: PM Dr. Mohamad Zain Sulaiman Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 10.15 – 10.45 KUDAPAN / REFRESHMENT 10.40 – 12.00 MAJLIS PENUTUPAN PERSIDANGAN / CLOSING CEREMONY PEMBENTANGAN RESOLUSI/ PRESENTATION OF RESOLUTION Prof. Datin Dr. Roslina Othman Pengerusi Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa Ke-19, UIAM / Convener of the 19th International Conference on Translation, IIUM UCAPAN PENYERAHAN TUAN RUMAH/ HANDOVER SPEECH BY PRESENT HOST YBhg Prof. Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak Rektor, UIAM / Rector, IIUM UCAPAN PENERIMAAN TUAN RUMAH PPA-20/ACCEPTANCE SPEECH BY NEXT HOST YBhg. Profesor Datuk Dr. Mohamad Kadim Suaidi Naib Canselor UNIMAS/ Vice Chancellor UNIMAS UCAPAN PENANGGUHAN / ADJOURNMENT SPEECH YBhg. Profesor Emeritus Dr. Abdullah Hassan Presiden / President Persatuan Penterjemahan Malaysia / Malaysian Translators Association SESI FOTOGRAFI / PHOTOGRAPHY SESSION Dewan Besar Bunga Raya Grand Hibiscus 12.00 – 13.00 MAKAN TENGAH HARI / LUNCH Garden Terrace
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 15 SIDANG SELARI 1 (PARALLEL SESSION 1) 24 MEI 2023 (RABU) / 24 MAY 2023 (WEDNESDAY) MASA / TIME: 08.30 – 09.45 TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 1 / LOTUS ROOM 1 TEMA / THEME : LATIHAN / TRAINING ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 3776 Envisioning Translation Practice as an Industry in Brunei Darussalam Badriyah Yusof 664 Trend Jualan Buku-buku Terjemahan Terbitan IIUM Press 2020-2022 Roosfa Hashim 4570 Retrospective Protocols: Tapping into the Minds of Professional Translators Liu Yi 577 Mengenal Pasti Status Quo Industri Terjemahan Malaysia bagi Tujuan Pemprofesionalan Jad Hamizan TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 2 / LOTUS ROOM 2 TEMA / THEME : LATIHAN & SEJAHTERA / TRAINING & SEJAHTERA ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 9637 Procedures for the Translation of Lexical Creativity in Children’s Literature Atikah Zabir 6653 Translating Islamic Concepts to Overcome Islamophobia Mohamad Fauzan Noordin 4031 Foreignisation and Domestication of Keywords in Website Content Translation: A Key to Search Engine Optimisation Waad Ahmad TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 3 / LOTUS ROOM 3 TEMA / THEME : SEJAHTERA ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 2383 Analisis Penyusunan Kamus Pelajar (Learner’s Dictionary) Mandarin Di Malaysia Wee Chee Ho 4626 Metaphorical Translation of “Ghost” in Fortress Besieged from Cognitive Perspective Dan Dan Tian 8263 Translating Monologues in My Name Is Red Roslina Othman
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 16 SIDANG SELARI 2 (PARALLEL SESSION 2) 25 MEI 2023 (KHAMIS) / 25 MAY 2023 (THURSDAY) MASA / TIME: 11.30 - 13.30 TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 1 / LOTUS ROOM 1 TEMA/ THEME : ISLAMISASI ILMU MELALUI TERJEMAHAN / ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE THROUGH TRANSLATION ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 2637 Islamisasi Terjemahan Teks Agama: Kajian Kes Surah Al-‘Asar Muhamadul Bakir Hj. Yaakub 3692 Ke Arah Satu Falsafah Penterjemahan Teks Agama Komprehensif Muhamadul Bakir Hj. Yaakub 7202 Calculation of Islamic Terminological Clarity: A Linguistics Modelling Muhamadul Bakir Hj. Yaakub 6735 Translating Street Da’wah Concept of Tabligh Jama’at in Malaysia: An Analysis Saiful Azwan Mustapha TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 2 / LOTUS ROOM 2 TEMA / THEME : ISU ETIKA – RALAT TERJEMAHAN / ETHICAL ISSUES – TRANSLATION ERROR ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 4527 Pelbagai Isu dan Masalah Pengurusan dan Editorial dalam Mendapatkan Hak Cipta Penerbitan bagi Buku Terjemahan: Pengalaman IIUM Press Roosfa Hashim 5762 Isu Etika berkaitan dengan Kesalahan Terjemahan dalam Sijil Bahasa Arab – Bahasa Melayu Razali Jaffar 6699 Terjemahan carutan dalam Siri TV The History of Swearwords: Ruang Kreativiti Penyari Kata Bahasa Melayu? Mohamad Zakuan Tuan Ibharim 8131 Systematic Literature Review of Narrative Theory in Journalistic Translation Research Linyu Zhang TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 3 / LOTUS ROOM 3 TEMA / THEME : TEKNOLOGI TERJEMAHAN MELAYU / MALAY TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 6738 Kupu-Kupu Or Rama-Rama? The Polemics of Using the Malay Common Names for Butterflies and Moths Norman Kamarudin 373 Using Translation Software with A Trust-Based Approach Roslina Othman 2900 Using Chatgpt as A Translation Tool for Pantun Melayu Roslina Othman 2413 Translation Technology: Enhancing Productivity and Improving Quality Nurul Dayanna Norji
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 17 SIDANG SELARI 3 (PARALLEL SESSION 3) 25 MEI 2023 (KHAMIS) / 25 MAY 2023 (THURSDAY) MASA / TIME: 14.30 – 16.30 TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 1 / LOTUS ROOM 1 TEMA: SEMIOTICS & MALAY TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 5116 Role of Hand Talk Translator Application for Sign Language Translation Gomathi Batumalai 2648 Tinjauan Awal Kesan Teknologi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) dalam Bidang Penterjemahan Nor Eisma Adiba 7480 A Computer Assisted Language Learning using Cognates: Arabic and Malay based languages. Akram M Zeki TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 2 / LOTUS ROOM 2 TEMA: TRAINING ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 117 Pemprofesionalan Industri Terjemahan dan Kejurubahasaan Malaysia: Kearah merangka Dasar Kebangsaan Mohamed Zain Sulaiman 5478 Enhancing Interpreting Professionalism in Malaysia: A Study of Interpreter Selection and Recruitment by Agencies Siti Aisyah Shaharudin 6924 A Corpus-based Investigation into the Development of One Translator’s Style through Speech Presentation Translation Li Yajie 8354 Kebolehpasaran Pelajar Latihan Industri ITBM dalam Industri Terjemahan di Malaysia Norhasydah Ayub TEMPAT / VENUE : BILIK TERATAI 3 / LOTUS ROOM 3 TEMA: ISLAMISATION OF KNOWLEDGE THROUGH TRANSLATION ID TAJUK KERTAS KERJA / PAPER TITLE PEMBENTANG / PRESENTER 3365 Implikasi Perubahan Makna Leksikal dalam Penterjemahan : Perbandingan antara Bahasa Arab dalam Kitab Al-Qanun Fi Al-Tibb oleh Ibnu Sina dengan Bahasa Arab Moden Mohd. Hilmi b. Abdullah 699 Breaking the Barriers in Translation: An Insights and Experiences in English-Arabic Translating Services Mahfooz Ahmed 1006 Peranan Baitul Hikmah (House of Wisdom) pada Zaman Kegemilangan Islam John Cham
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 18 MENGENAL PASTI STATUS QUO INDUSTRI TERJEMAHAN MALAYSIA BAGI TUJUAN PEMPROFESIONALAN Jad Hamizan1 , M. Zain Sulaiman2 , Intan Safinaz Zainudin3 and Haslina Haroon4 P109526@siswa.ukm.edu.my 1, 2, 3Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 4 Universiti Sains Malaysia ABSTRAK Peranan terjemahan pada abad ke-21 kini menjadi semakin penting dan mencabar. Dengan arus globalisasi dan mobiliti yang meningkat pesat, terjemahan kini merupakan satu keperluan bagi memastikan kelangsungan pelbagai urusan manusia dalam kehidupan seharian. Bagi memelihara integriti, status dan mutu perkhidmatan terjemahan, bidang kerjaya tersebut telah mula melalui proses pemprofesionalan di pelbagai negara sejak empat dekad yang lalu. Di Malaysia, walaupun ramai sarjana dan pengamal terjemahan telah menyatakan bahawa sudah tiba masanya untuk industri terjemahan di Malaysia diprofesionalkan, sehingga kini masih belum ada satu mekanisme yang jelas bagi proses pemprofesionalan tersebut. Sebelum pemprofesionalan boleh dilaksanakan, situasi semasa dan pandangan para pengamal terjemahan perlu diketahui agar usaha pemprofesionalan selari dengan keperluan industri. Justeru, kajian ini menjalankan tinjauan soal selidik terhadap 260 penterjemah untuk mendapatkan data tentang status quo industri terjemahan termasuk, latar belakang, keperluan dan kehendak para penterjemah, serta pandangan mereka terhadap proses pemprofesionalan. Hasil tinjauan ini memberi gambaran yang menyeluruh tentang industri terjemahan di Malaysia dari kaca mata para penterjemah serta buah fikiran mereka tentang aspek-aspek yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk memprofesionalkan amalan terjemahan. Mereka turut menyuarakan sokongan padu terhadap usaha untuk memprofesionalkan amalan terjemahan. Dengan mendapatkan pandangan penterjemah, suatu modal pemprofesionalan yang mencakupi perkara-perkara yang relevan dengan keperluan dan kehendak penterjemah boleh dibangunkan untuk akhirnya memprofesionalkan industri terjemahan Malaysia dan meletakkannya setaraf dengan bidang profesional lain. Kata Kunci: pemprofesionalan; penterjemah; latihan terjemahan; soal selidik. ISLAMISASI TERJEMAHAN TEKS AGAMA: KAJIAN KES SURAH AL-‘ASAR Muhamadul Bakir1 and Khatijah Othman2 bakir.yaakub@unissa.edu.bn 1 University Sultan Sharif Ali, 2 Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti aspeks-aspeks yang terdapat dalam terjemahan teks agama seperti Al-Quran Al-Karim dan al-Hadith al-Nabawi yang memerlukan proses islamisasi. Ini bererti, permasaalah yang menjadi fokus utama kajian adalah berkenaan dengan metodologi terjemahan dan kualiti yang terhasil. Ianya juga merupakan satu langkah untuk menjejaki prinsip-prinsip yang mendasari naratif pemikiran islamisasi dalam bidang yang berkaitan dengan teks-teks agama, terutamanya dalam menemukan jawapan-jawapan kepada setiap persoalan yang berkaitan dengan kejelasan dan ketepatan sesabuah teks agama. Teks Surah Al-‘Asr telah dipilah sebagai sample analisis yang dianalisa secara deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukan bahawa bidang terjemahan teks-teks agama juga memerlukan satu dasar Islamisasi yang jelas dalam mendepani cabaran globalisasi semasa dan mendatang. Kata Kunci: Islamisasi, terjemahan, teks agama, metodologi, pentafsiran. KE ARAH SATU FALSAFAH PENTERJEMAHAN TEKS AGAMA KOMPREHENSIF Muhamadul Bakir1 , Khatijah Othman2 and Afeeq Busyra3 bakir.yaakub@unissa.edu.bn 1 University Sultan Sharif Ali, 2 Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 3 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ABSTRAK Teks agama (dalam Islam) bukan hanya satu alat yang digunakan untuk beribadat. Ia memiliki peranan penting dalam memandu kehidupan Muslim untuk mencapai kejayaan dalam kehidupan Dunia dan juga Akhirat. Oleh yang demikian, penterjemahan sesuatu teks yang berkaitan dengan Islam perlulah berorientasikan satu falsafah yang komprehensif. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti konsep dan dasar yang menyeluruh lagi sempurna bagi sesuatu proses dan pelaksanaan penterjemahan teks agama dari bahasa Arab ke bahasa Melayu. Dengan ini, maka ianya akan menjadi satu model penterjemahan teks agama yang holistik dan effektif dalam pembangunan ilmu pengetahuan dan kerohanian Umat Islam khususnya dengan berlakunya kesempurnaan pemindahan ilmu pengetahuan agama Islam kepada mereka. Dapatan kajian
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 19 jelas menunjukkan terdapat kepelbagaian terjemahan berlaku kepada sesetengah teks agama. Keadaan ini seterusnya memberikan kepelbagaian persepsi dalam memahami teks tersebut. Justeru, kajian ini cuba untuk mengetengahkan satu bentuk falsafah penterjemahan teks agama yang boleh menjadi panduan kepada para penterjemah dan pengguna terjemahan. Kata Kunci: falsafah, terjemahan, teks agama, pembangunan ilmu dan kerohanian. ENVISIONING TRANSLATION PRACTICE AS AN INDUSTRY IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Badriyah Yusof1 and Izni Azrein Azalie2 badriyah.yusof@ubd.edu.bn 1, 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam ABSTRACT The translation industry has conveniently thrived as a growing industry worldwide, with the global translation and localization market alone valued at around USD 40 billion in 2021. With an increase in the use of digitized translating technologies, human translators training, and expansion of the market brought by e-commerce, development of software, and content localization, this industry is expected to continue growing with an estimated compound annual growth rate of 4.5% between 2020 and 2025. In a comparatively smaller demographic setting such as Brunei, translation activities are sustained by government agencies and private sectors, particularly in creative industry such as publishing, advertisement, and arts. This paper reflects on the current translation climate for Brunei Darussalam from the perspective of governance and how best it can propel forward as a sustainable industry. Methodologically, this exploratory paper will use Storper’s Helix Model (1997) to assess the current mechanisms and linkages between institutions, industries, and government in materializing this vision within a set of local sociopolitical parameters. Beyond the economic concerns, translation practice facilitates the dissemination of knowledge within a society. This knowledge embodies not only scholarly information but also cultural and sociopolitical nuances. From the perspective of Islamic governance, translation practice supports the preservation and promotion of intellect within a community as it enables knowledge transfer rudimentary for the development of mankind; and complements the operationalization of the maqasid shariah, i.e. of wealth, life, faith, and progeny. Keywords: translation industry, translation governance, translation climate, Storper’s Helix Model (1997), Brunei Darussalam. ENHANCING INTERPRETING PROFESSIONALISM IN MALAYSIA: A STUDY OF INTERPRETER SELECTION AND RECRUITMENT BY AGENCIES Siti Aisyah Shaharudin1 , Mohamed Zain Sulaiman2 , Intan Safinaz Zainudin3 and Haslina Haroon4 aisyah.shaharudin@gmail.com 1, 2, 3Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 4 Universiti Sains Malaysia ABSTRACT Interpreting agencies play a crucial role in preserving the integrity, status and quality of interpreting services by selecting and recruiting competent interpreters for their clients. The selection and recruitment methods employed by these agencies could potentially affect the professional status of interpreting practice in countries where interpreting is still an emerging profession. As part of an effort to pave the way for the professionalisation of interpreting practice in Malaysia, this study examines the process of interpreter selection and recruitment by interpreting agencies in Malaysia. A semi-structured interview was conducted with eight leading interpreting agencies in Malaysia. The findings indicate that the agencies typically use a combination of markers to select interpreters, particularly previous work experience, personality, and professional outlook. Interestingly, interpreter pay rate is not considered a primary factor in the selection and recruitment process. More importantly, the study found that the set of criteria identified by the body of literature as crucial for the selection of competent interpreters, such as educational qualification, continuous professional development, and professional membership, are often ignored in the selection and recruitment process. Such a practice may have serious implications on the efforts to professionalise the interpreting practice in Malaysia. The study suggests that there is a need to raise awareness among interpreting clients and agencies in Malaysia on the importance of having in place a selection and recruitment mechanism that is consistent with the efforts to professionalise interpreting practice in the country. Keywords: interpreting; interpreting agencies; professionalisation; interpreter selection and recruitment.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 20 CALCULATION OF ISLAMIC TERMINOLOGICAL CLARITY: A LINGUISTICS MODELLING Muhamadul Bakir1 , Khatijah Othman2 and Afeeq Busyra3 bakir.yaakub@unissa.edu.bn 1 University Sultan Sharif Ali, 2 Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 3 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ABSTRACT In principle, translators and interpreters are inclined to construct an Islamic terminology to make human spiritual experiences more formative and attractive. Thus, the conceptual representation of those terminologies is supposed to be holistic. For that reason, this study aims to analyze and evaluate seven Islamic terminological term, formation, and function from its linguistics aspects as it derived within the context of Al-Quran and Al-Hadeeth. Its referential representation was identified based on its origin language (which is Classical Arabic) and compared with its correspondence term in the target language (which is contemporary Malay). Those seven terminologies stated in the Chapter of Al-Fatihah was selected due to their spiritual states as an actual terminological usage for all Muslims in daily prayers. The analysis conduct on a plausible alternative interpretation of what an Islamic term referring to by comprehensively define its designated linguistics units, forms and functions. The finding of this study anticipates proposing a linguistic communicative model of terminological categorical and interpretation. Keywords: linguistic modelling, Islamic, terminology, translation clarity. IMPLIKASI PERUBAHAN MAKNA LEKSIKAL DALAM PENTERJEMAHAN : PERBANDINGAN ANTARA BAHASA ARAB DALAM KITAB AL-QANUN FI AL-TIBB OLEH IBNU SINA DENGAN BAHASA ARAB MODEN Mohd. Hilmi Abdullah1 , Taj Rijal Muhamad Romli2 and Jamilah Bebe Mohamad3 pustakahilmi@gmail.com 1, 2Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 3 Universiti Malaysia Pahang ABSTRAK Boleh dikatakan semua bahasa di dunia mengalami perkembangan sama ada dari sudut perbendaharaan kata, pembentukan kata dan ayat, makna leksikal bagi sesuatu perkataan, dan sebagainya termasuk bahasa Arab. Perubahan makna leksikal bagi sesuatu perkataan antara bahasa Arab klasik dengan bahasa Arab moden boleh menyebabkan berlakunya salah faham terhadap makna sebenar yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis. Oleh itu, semasa menterjemah kitab bahasa Arab klasik, contohnya kitab al-Qanun fi al-Tibb oleh Ibnu Sina, penterjemah mestilah memastikan bahawa sesuatu perkataan yang diterjemahkan itu telah mengalami perubahan makna leksikal atau masih kekal dengan makna asal bagi perkataan tersebut. Dalam kertas kerja ini, penulis memilih lima patah perkataan yang terdapat dalam kitab al-Qanun fi al-Tibb oleh Ibnu Sina yang telah mengalami perubahan makna leksikal untuk dianalisis. Lima patah perkataan tersebut ialah (anti), (buku lali), (air mani perempuan), (bunga cengkih), dan (turnip). Perubahan makna leksikal yang berlaku ke atas kelima-lima patah perkataan ini telah meninggalkan implikasi yang menunjukkan bahawa makna perkataan-perkataan tersebut dalam bahasa Arab klasik tidak lagi sama dengan makna perkataan-perkataan tersebut dalam bahasa Arab moden. Oleh yang demikian, adalah penting seorang penterjemah mempunyai pengetahuan tentang perubahan makna leksikal bagi perkataan yang ingin diterjemahkan. Dengan demikian penterjemah tersebut dapat menterjemah teks bahasa Arab klasik, khususnya kitab al-Qanun fi al-Tibb oleh Ibnu Sina dengan tepat dan berkesan. Kata Kunci: terjemahan, perubahan makna leksikal, bahasa Arab moden, bahasa Arab klasik. USING TRANSLATION SOFTWARE WITH A TRUST-BASED APPROACH Roslina Othman roslina@iium.edu.my International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper reports on the use of translation software with a trust-based approach with special reference to the book entitled Crisis in the Muslim Mind authored by ‘AbdulHamīd A. AbūSulāyman. The primary purpose is to build a parallel corpus for text extraction and mining tools and a list of top-ranked words readily available for analysis using Zipf’s Law. The objectives are to review the trust-based approach in translation practices, to understand the use of translation software within the trust-based approach, and to narrate an experience in translating the selected book. A translation software offers trust and efficiency. Efficiency encourages
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 21 the use of translation software for source language over the use of ‘original text’ in the target language. The trust-based approach involves understanding the readership, pre-translated resources, and level of correctness. Readership relates to the translator who reads the source texts and who authors the target texts. Pre-translated resources relate to materials required for initiating a translation process and to translation suggestions that enable revision and proofreading. Level of correctness or proficiency refers to a faithful translation or a set of fidelity indicators. Fidelity indicators rarely yield a complete picture of correctness level and can provide a rough idea of what shall be the steps for verification. The translation of the book has been compiled from three translation software and run for term frequencies in a text extraction tool to generate a list of meaningful words. The translation software used in this project include those powered with artificial intelligence, which play a readership’s role. These meaningful words are run in text mining tool to produce a cloud of concepts up to a cut-off point. Zipf’s Law analyses the concepts against the content of the source texts and target texts to generate a list of top-ranked words, for comparing the quality of the translated texts. The most challenging task in applying Zipf’s Law has been the tedious step that it needs, i.e., checking against the parallel corpus, the number of frequencies for each concept, and the consistency in usage. Other challenges include the limitations of the pre-translated resources and of the correctness level. The application of Zipf’s Law has quantitatively given an operational definition of the trust-based approach in using translated software. However, findings show that readership ranks highly in the trust-based approach, which leads to preference for revision and proofreading indicating the needs for human supervision and pre-translated resources, and to the measurement of correctness. The book as a required reading for Islamization of Knowledge has yielded words that can be analyzed further to understand readership among researchers who reads and cites the target texts. The transliterated Arabic words are dropped from the analysis, while their definitions are included. Zipf’s Law shall remain as a guide to compare quality translation, and not as a measure of precision. This project recommends readership as the primary element within the trust-based approach with appropriate pretranslated resources. Level of correctness requires participation of readers who are willing to express their understanding of the translated texts. Keywords: trust-based approach, translation software, readership, pre-translated resources, level of correctness. TREND JUALAN BUKU-BUKU TERJEMAHAN TERBITAN IIUM PRESS 2020-2022 Roosfa Hashim1 , Maswa Mokhti2 and Saiful Riza Radzali3 roosfa@iium.edu.my 1, 2, 3International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRAK Makalah ini bertujuan mengkaji trend jualan buku-buku terjemahan terbitan IIUM Press antara tahun 2020 hingga 2022. Kesemua buku terjemahan terbitan IIUM Press dalam julat tahun tersebut dicerakinkan mengikut genre dan bahasa penterjemahan yang dilakukan. Pencerakinan juga dibuat mengikut harga jualan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa buku-buku kreatif memperlihatkan prestasi jualan yang lebih baik berbanding buku daripada genre yang lain. Karya dalam kelompok buku umum mendahului jualan buku ilmiah. Dalam aspek harga dapatlah disimpulkan bahawa harga buku juga memainkan peranan dan menjadi faktor penting bagi menentukan kelarisan sesebuah buku terjemahan. Kata Kunci: penerbitan, buku terjemahan, jualan buku. BREAKING THE BARRIERS IN TRANSLATION: AN INSIGHTS AND EXPERIENCES IN ENGLISHARABIC TRANSLATING SERVICES Mahfooz Ahmed almahfooz4real@gmail.com International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT English-Arabic translations have become an essential aspect of communication in today’s globalized world. However, translating between these two languages requires linguistic and cultural competence and technical expertise. As professional translators, we have encountered various challenges and opportunities in this field, which have motivated us to explore these issues further through a mixed-methods research approach. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities in English-Arabic translations from the perspective of professional translators and bilingual speakers. Specifically, the study seeks to explore the role of cultural factors in the translation process and to examine the use of translation software and tools to improve translation quality and efficiency. The research methodology for this study involves a literature review, semi-structured interviews with professional translators and bilingual speakers, and the use of translation software and tools.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 22 Participants were selected using purposive sampling to ensure they had experience translating between English and Arabic. The literature review provides a basis for the study and identifies key challenges and opportunities in English-Arabic translations. The interviews with professional translators and bilingual speakers offer insights into their experiences, strategies, and challenges in translating between English and Arabic. Using translation software and tools, including memory management, terminology management, and machine translation, helps improve translation quality and efficiency. Examples of challenges encountered in this study include lexical and syntactic differences, cultural and technical terminology, writing conventions, and linguistic nuances. The study sheds light on strategies and recommendations for addressing these challenges. The expected outcomes of this study will be two-fold. Firstly, it will provide an in- depth analysis of the cultural factors that affect the translation process between English and Arabic. Secondly, it will inform best practices and guidelines for translators and interpreters in this language pair, helping to improve the quality and efficiency of translation services in this field. In conclusion, this study offers important insights into the challenges and opportunities of English-Arabic translations and the role of cultural factors in the translation process. By exploring the use of translation software and tools and providing recommendations for improving translation quality and efficiency, this study aims to advance the field of translation and interpretation. Keywords: translating services, English-Arabic, translation software and tools, professional translators, bilingual speakers. PERANAN BAITUL HIKMAH (HOUSE OF WISDOM) PADA ZAMAN KEGEMILANGAN ISLAM John Cham 60johncham@gmail.com Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia (PPM) ABSTRAK Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan peranan penting yang dimainkan oleh Baitul Hikmah dalam memperkayakan khazanah ilmu pengetahuan dalam pelbagai bidang khususnya pada zaman pemerintahan khalifah Harun al-Rashid. Baginda sendiri telah berusaha menghimpunkan para cerdik pandai, golongan intelek dan penterjemah daripada seluruh pelusuk dunia untuk menterjemahkan karya-karya agong ketika itu dan sebelumnya. Pergerakan penterjemahan ini mempunyai akses kepada teks-teks Yunani, Parsi, India, Ibeani, Latin dan Sepanyol. Ketika itu, Baghdad menjadi ibukota kalifah Abbasid. Ini dibuktikan dengan sejumlah besar para sarjana seperti al-Jahiz, al-Kindi dan al-Ghazali. Di dalam Baitul Hikmah ini, para saintis, penterjemah, pengarang serta golongan bijaksana, berkumpul, berbincang dan menterjemahkan teks dandokumen yang ada .Pelbagai jenis dokumen dalam konsep-konsep saintifik yan tertentu, subjek-subjek falsafah dan cadangancadangan yang dikemukakan dalam pelbagai bahasa diterjemahkan dalam Baitul Hikmah ini. Kata Kunci: Baitul Hikmah, penterjemahan, menyumbang, bijak-pandai, falsafah. ANALISIS PENYUSUNAN KAMUS PELAJAR (LEARNER’S DICTIONARY) MANDARIN DI MALAYSIA Wee Chee Ho1 , Jie Yan Chan2 and Yee Min On3 howeechee@uitm.edu.my 1, 2, 3Universiti Teknologi MARA ABSTRAK Memang tidak dapat dinafikan ekoran daripada perkembangan pesat ekonomi negara China serta muncul sebagai sebuah kuasa ekonomi kedua terbesar di dunia, pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin turut menjadi satu trend yang baru di global. Keadaan yang sama juga berlaku di Malaysia. Bilangan pelajar bahasa Mandarin semakin meningkat dengan pesat, Kamus Pelajar Mandarin (KPM) khas untuk membantu pelajar mempelajari bahasa Mandarin sebagai bahasa asing menjadi semakin penting. Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat banyak ruang untuk penambahbaikan dalam penyusunan kamus pelajar bahasa Mandarin di Malaysia. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan menganalisis struktur dan susunan definisi empat Kamus Pelajar Mandarin (KPM) di Malaysia. Analisis perbandingan artikel ini akan dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian iaitu: 1. Analisis perbandingan susunan struktur; 2. Analisis perbandingan susunan parafrasa. Item perbandingan struktur termasuk: jadual kandungan, kata pengantar, gaya, jadual singkatan, halaman hak cipta, jadual carian radikal, indeks, lampiran dan bahan rujukan. Item susunan dan perbandingan parafrasa termasuk: kosa kata, contoh ayat, Hanyu Pinyin (sistem fonetik Mandarin), susunan strok, kosa kata HSK dan ilustrasi. Akhir sekali, artikel ini akan memberi cadangan berkaitan penyusunan Kamus Pelajar Mandarin di Malaysia. Kata Kunci: kamus pelajar Mandarin, HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi/peperikasaan kesetaraan Mandarin), Hanyu Pinyin (ejaan mandarin).
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 23 TRANSLATION TECHNOLOGY: ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPROVING QUALITY Nurul Dayanna Norji1 and Hasuria Che Omar2 nuruldayanna@gmail.com 1 Digital Nasional Berhad, 2 Universiti Sains Malaysia ABSTRACT Translation technology can help translators in the telecommunications industry work more efficiently and effectively, enabling them to focus on delivering high-quality translations. This paper explores the impact of translation technology on productivity and quality in the field of telecommunications. It examines the effects of machine translation on translation productivity and quality, and the role of post-editing in improving the quality of machine-translated texts. Various quality assurance methods used in translation technology, such as error detection and correction, terminology management, and style guides, are also discussed. This exploration delves into the tools and techniques offered by translation technology, including terminology databases and glossaries, which aim to enhance translation quality and consistency. It also investigates how translation technology is shaping the future of the telecommunications industry, analysing emerging trends like neural machine translation and their potential impact on productivity and quality. To adapt to translation technology, translators should learn how it works, choose the appropriate tool for each job, use the innovations to reduce workload, and combine their expertise and intuition with technology. By combining cutting-edge solutions with their expertise and intuition, translators can continue to advance their profession and produce translations that are precise, nuanced, and culturally appropriate. In addition to improving productivity and quality, translation technology also has the potential to increase access to information and facilitate cross-cultural communication. However, implementing translation technology in the telecommunications industry may also pose challenges or limitations. This paper will suggest potential strategies for overcoming these challenges and explore the possibilities of how translation technology can shape the future of the telecommunications industry. Keywords: translation technology, terminology management, machine translation. TINJAUAN AWAL KESAN TEKNOLOGI KECERDASAN BUATAN (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) DALAM BIDANG PENTERJEMAHAN Nor Eisma Adiba eismaadiba@itbm.com.my Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia ABSTRAK Teknologi kecerdasan buatan atau turut dikenali sebagai Artificial Intelligence (AI) ialah teknologi yang melibatkan penggunaan algoritma dan program pengkomputeran bagi pembinaan sistem yang membolehkan kerja-kerja kecerdasan dilakukan seperti mengenal pasti pengulangan maklumat dalam pangkalan data, aktiviti peramalan, dan membuat keputusan. Isu berkenaan dengan penggunaan AI rancak diperkatakan sejak akhir-akhir ini terutamanya dalam bidang linguistik dan penterjemahan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh anggapan bahawa AI berupaya menjadi pesaing kepada keupayaan manusia, sekaligus memberi kesan kepada peranan manusia sebagai penterjemah. Dalam hal ini, tanpa pengawalan dan undang-undang yang tegas, kesenjangan ekonomi dan peluang pekerjaan akan semakin menebal. Menurut laporan World Economic Forum (WEF) bertajuk Future of Jobs Report, menjelang tahun 2025 sebanyak 85 juta pekerjaan akan digantikan dengan mesin disebabkan penciptaan AI, namun sebanyak 97 juta pekerjaan baharu yang berorientasi manusia, mesin dan algoritma akan mula dirintis berdasarkan kajian terhadap 15 industri dan 26 sektor ekonomi. Perkara ini juga turut dibahaskan secara kritis oleh pakar linguistik dan terjemahan, terutamanya melibatkan hakikat ketidakmampuan AI dalam menggantikan kecerdasan manusia, dan kebergantungan AI yang tinggi terhadap statistik dan data raya hingga menjejaskan keupayaannya memahami perkara yang lebih kompleks. Hakikatnya, untuk menilai kebaikan atau keburukan penggunaan sesuatu teknologi, pelbagai faktor perlu diambil kira. Antaranya tahap kesediaan sesebuah negara beradaptasi dengan teknologi, polisi yang jelas terutama melibatkan sudut keselamatan dan pembangunan modal insan dalam bidang terjemahan, serta faktor-faktor yang lain. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk meninjau perkembangan teknologi AI dalam bidang penterjemahan serta kesannya kepada kerjaya penterjemahan dan bidang penterjemahan itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: teknologi kecerdasan buatan, penterjemahan.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 24 USING CHATGPT AS A TRANSLATION TOOL FOR PANTUN MELAYU Roslina Othman roslina@iium.edu.my International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper reports on the use of ChatGPT as a translation tool for a collection of pantun Melayu. Malay Pantuns by Hamilton was his attempt to reproduce the rhythm and direct diction found in the original version. Sailing the Archipelago in a Boat of Rhymes: Pantun in the Malay World by Muhammad Haji Salleh depicted its spreading through trade routes, ports, and also via diasporas and colonial economic projects which caused numerous peoples to move, who in turn brought the pantun along with them. It is now the most dynamic single literary form and has the longest history. The selected pantuns have their English translation. In the 21st century, pantun Melayu has its English translation, and it is a matter of finding and identifying the best version of the translation. Google Search and Google Translate require many steps into getting several versions of the translation. ChatGPT has attracted many uses including translation, style-based conversion, and input-base fine-tune. The purpose of this work is to benchmark the translation made by ChatGPT against the samples borrowed from Malay Pantuns, Sailing the Archipelago in a Boat of Rhymes, and other publications. The objectives are to explore the AI-based translation features in ChatGPT and to benchmark its translation against the existing English version. A total of 50 pantuns are run in ChatGPT with inclusion of two target-based styles (academic and public) and a sample of an English-version as an input for fine-tuning. ChatGPT is assigned to write a paragraph on a topic- based description of the pantun. The two target-based styles are intended to place the translation at two levels of use, which are the taxonomy level and the folksonomy level. The benchmarking sources can form the ontology level. These levels generate the hierarchical structure of the translated pantuns. ChatGPT produces the English translation while maintaining certain words that have no equivalence. For an example cempedak is not translated as jackfruit even though these fruits are identical and yet cempedak is sweeter, aromatic, and fibrous. In this case, ChatGPT has given a better inference than that by the benchmarking sources, with the arguments that cempedak has descriptions easily identified through a Google search and known to many travelers, as an outcome of the tourism industry. Cempedak goreng is also available as a street fritter. In addition to the above, the word cempedak is best left as it is, for the academic and public’s understanding. It shall not be replaced with a scientific name, except in the paragraph, describing cempedak as a tropical fruit and its health benefits. ChatGPT scored a range from 10% to 47% when benchmarked with the existing English translation. The major reason to these levels of performance is related to the rhythm. In term of inferences, ChatGPT scored slightly higher than the benchmarked sources. As a conclusion, ChatGPT has triggered an interesting inference model in translation. This is where a folksonomy can play an important role in translation. Keywords: ChatPGT, AI-based translation tool, pantun Melayu, styles and fine-tuning, benchmarking. PELBAGAI ISU DAN MASALAH PENGURUSAN DAN EDITORIAL DALAM MENDAPATKAN HAK CIPTA PENERBITAN BAGI BUKU TERJEMAHAN: PENGALAMAN IIUM PRESS Roosfa Hashim1 , Maswa Mokhti2 and Saiful Riza Radzali3 roosfa@iium.edu.my 1, 2, 3International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRAK Makalah ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menghuraikan pelbagai isu dan masalah pengurusan dan editorial yang berbangkit dalam menguruskan penerbitan buku-buku terjemahan terbitan IIUM Press antara tahun 2020 hingga 2022. Editor yang menguruskan perolehan manuskrip dan mendapatkan kebenaran penerbitan, editor naskhah, editor bahasa telah ditemu bual bagi mendapatkan input dan maklumat bagi melengkapkan kajian ini. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa terdapat pelbagai isu dan masalah yang berkait dengan amalan penerbitan, dasar penerbitan penerbit asal, pengalaman penterjemah dan editor yang menyumbangkan kepada pelbagai isu dan masalah ini. Bagi membantu penerbit dan pengamal penterjemahan pada masa hadapan, makalah ini mencadangkan beberapa kaedah dan cara kerja bagi diterapkan. Kata Kunci: penerbitan, buku terjemahan, penyuntingan, hak cipta.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 25 RETROSPECTIVE PROTOCOLS: TAPPING INTO THE MINDS OF PROFESSIONAL TRANSLATORS Liu Yi1 , Alif Redzuan Abdullah2 and Syed Nurulakla Abdullah3 liuyi9456@gmail.com 1, 2, 3Universiti Putra Malaysia ABSTRACT Translation Studies has witnessed a growing interest in translation direction and its influence on decision-making process of translators. The aim of this study is to establish professional translators’ perceptions of translation direction when working from Chinese into English and vice versa in written translation. Four professional translators were asked to perform two translation tasks, one from Chinese into English and the other from English into Chinese. Process data was generated by applying the method of retrospection, the objective of which was to determine whether the features and problems of the language direction were perceived as such by the participants and to identify the strategies they used, if any, to deal with them, i.e. how their behaviour was affected by the translation direction. A comparison was then made between perceptions and actual performance. This approach is particularly innovative in the context of the English-Chinese language combination, which belongs to two different language systems. The information gained from the application of the method can contribute to process-oriented research in translation pedagogy: “tapping into the minds” of professional translators can help researchers and educators determine the factors that constrain professional translators’ performance and gain a better understanding of how to develop strategic competence. Keywords: translator training, retrospection, translation pedagogy, language direction, translation strategies. ROLE OF HAND TALK TRANSLATOR APPLICATION FOR SIGN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION Gomathi Batumalai1 , Veeramohan Veeraputhran2 and Manimangai Mani3 gomathi7207@gmail.com 1, 2, 3Universiti Putra Malaysia ABSTRACT A communication link between two languages is provided by interpretation and translation. Machine translation, sign language translation, and technical translation are just a few examples of translations that are used frequently in addition to text translation. The development of translation software and applications is a result of the quick advancement of technology. The Hand Talk Translator Application for Sign Language Translation is the subject of this study. The major goals of this study are to describe how Hand Talk Translator programs are used to translate Sign Language and to outline the difficulties associated with doing so. This is a qualitative study. All the data was collected with the text analysis method. Newmark Translation Theory (1988) was used to analyze the data. This study finds that the Hand Talk Translator application is useful to translate Sign Language used to communicate with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing community. Expertise in Sign Language is significant to use the Hand Talk Translator application. Applications play a great role in the translation world. Keywords: hand talk translator, application, sign language, interpretation, translation. ISU ETIKA BERKAITAN DENGAN KESALAHAN TERJEMAHAN DALAM SIJIL BAHASA ARAB – BAHASA MELAYU Razali Jaffar1 and Hasbullah Azali2 razali@itbm.com.my 1, 2Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia ABSTRAK Kertas ini disediakan untuk melihat peranan penterjemah dalam isu etika berkaitan dengan kesalahan terjemahan dalam proses menterjemah sijil daripada bahasa Arab kepada bahasa Melayu berdasarkan pengalaman Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia (ITBM). Isu ini amat penting untuk ditangani agar hasil terjemahan menepati standard profesional yang ditetapkan. Kertas kerja ini mencadangkan bahawa penterjemah harus mencapai keseimbangan dalam aspek etika terjemahan, terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan pemindahan bentuk dan kandungan teks asal ke dalam bahasa sasaran dan menghasilkan terjemahan yang dapat memenuhi keperluan khalayak sasaran. Selain itu, senarai istilah dikumpul dalam satu pangkalan data dan perisian Trados untuk mengelakkan kesalahan yang berulang. Dalam kertas ini, kami akan meneliti jenis kesalahan terjemahan termasuk kesalahan bahasa, ketidaktepatan dan kesalahan umum yang lain. Kata Kunci: penterjemahan, etika, kesalahan, keseimbangan, istilah.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 26 TRANSLATING ISLAMIC CONCEPTS TO OVERCOME ISLAMOPHOBIA Mohamad Fauzan Noordin1 and Roslina Othman2 fauzan@iium.edu.my 1, 2International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper reports on the effort made to translate Islamic concepts in line with the MADANI values to overcome Islamophobia. The United Nations defined Islamophobia as a fear, prejudice and hatred of Muslims that leads to provocation, hostility, and intolerance by means of threatening, harassment, abuse, incitement and intimidation of Muslims and non-Muslims, both in the online and offline world. The United Nations in 2021 has declared 15 March as the International Day to Combat Islamophobia. The four types of Islamophobias are discrimination against Muslims and their values, post-reflective personal Islamophobia, institutional Islamophobia, and political Islamophobia. The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) reported that in a total of 600,000 news published in 2016 and 2017, the adjectives most used to describe Muslims were “radical”, “extremist” and “terrorist”, and that media outlets in several countries disproportionately focus on negative angles for news stories involving Muslims such as reporting on their perceived failure to integrate, and more media attention is often paid to terrorist attacks committed by Muslims than to terrorist attacks committed by far-right extremists. Translation has a history of provocations, prejudices, biasness, and discriminations. MADANI is an acronym for keMampanan (Sustainability), kesejAhteraan (Care and Compassion), Daya cipta (Innovation), hormAt (Respect), keyakiNan (Prosperity), and Ihsan (Trust). This effort focuses on kesejAhteraan and hormAt. The objectives are to identify the translated Islamic concepts that triggered Islamophobia and to translate these concepts within the two values of the MADANI framework. The translated Islamic concepts that triggered Islamophobia are identified from reports, social media, and blogs that discussed Islamophobia either with the positive or negative opinions. A total of 30 Islamic concepts were found with a total of 52 translated concepts. For an example, the concept of jihad that originally means exertion or struggle has been translated as a holy war with citations of the sword verses in the Quran. Such a translation is based on the way the concept has been used by resistance, liberation, and terrorist movements alike to legitimate their cause and motivate their followers. Jihad shall be translated as a struggle - to being virtuous and moral, making a serious effort to do good works, and helping to reform society, which includes fighting injustice and oppression. The challenges in finding the appropriate translation of the Islamic concepts include the absence of academic responses from scholars in overcoming Islamophobia. This effort had to rely on few scholars. To conclude: translating Islamic concepts is an urgent agenda in overcoming Islamophobia that resulted from a hate speech and exploitations to justify extremism and terrorism. Keywords: provocations in translation, prejudice in translation, Islamic concepts, Islamophobia, MADANI values TERJEMAHAN CARUTAN DALAM SIRI TV THE HISTORY OF SWEARWORDS: RUANG KREATIVITI PENYARI KATA BAHASA MELAYU? Mohamad Zakuan Tuan Ibharim1 , Khairul Faiz Alimi2 and Muhamad Ali Imran Kamarudin3 zakuan@uum.edu.my 1, 2, 3Universiti Utara Malaysia ABSTRAK Carutan merupakan antara tumpuan perbahasan dalam bidang terjemahan audiovisual. Dalam mod penyarikataan, carutan tidak hanya disampaikan dalam bentuk kata, sebaliknya aspek multimodal lain, terutamanya intonasi dan gerakan badan penuturnya juga memainkan peranan penting. Selain aspek teknikal sari kata, kesukaran menterjemahnya juga dibatasi bentuknya yang eksplisit atau implisit, selain perbezaan bahasa dan budaya teks sumber-sasaran. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan membahaskan dapatan terjemahan kata carutan berbahasa Inggeris “fuck” dan “shit” dalam dua episod siriTV NetflixThe History ofSwearwords ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Pemilihan kata ini ditentukan oleh penggunaannya yang meluas dalam bahasa dan budaya Inggeris (Jay, 2009). Penggunaan platform perkhidmatan penstriman Netflix pula mengandaikan paparan sari katanya tidak dibatasi sekatan undang-undang tempatan mahupun tapisan. Analisis perbandingan yang dijalankan, walaupun menemukan sisi kreativiti penterjemah, masih memperlihatkan prosedur pengguguran dan peneutralan yang ketara, justeru mengisyaratkan faktor pragmatik bahasa dan budaya sasaran kekal dominan dan relevan dalam proses terjemahan siri TV ini. Kajian ini turut mengenal pasti isu pengenalpastian dan kefahaman makna kedua-dua kata carutan oleh penyari kata. Kata Kunci: carutan, terjemahan audiovisual, Netflix, multimodality, pragmatik.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 27 KUPU-KUPU OR RAMA-RAMA? THE POLEMICS OF USING THE MALAY COMMON NAMES FOR BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS Norman Kamarudin1 and Roosfa Hashim2 normanalk@gmail.com 1 Entomological Society of Malaysia, 2 International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT The authorised and valid Malay translation for butterfly and moth are kupu-kupu and rama- rama respectively. However, there are currently some anomalies and inconsistencies in the usage of these common names. Some have argued that the use of kupu-kupu should be for moths, being nocturnally active, and analogous to the Malay idiom, kupu-kupu malam. However, kupu-kupu in this context is referring to the ‘streetwalkers of the night’, more often beautiful and colourful (hence, more logical as a butterfly). This paper has two purposes. Firstly, to analyse the public usage of these terms and their perception in commercials, arts, folklore, and education. Secondly, to collate all relevant information, from Malaysia and Indonesia, which is directly related to this issue. A search was conducted using the Google search engine to check on the consistency of the terms kupu-kupu and rama-rama being used over the internet, concerning their proper and authorised translation. The articles were listed with their web addresses and later sorted according to their published dates, to check for any changing trends. It is shown that the most popular usage is still referring to the registered and authorised translation. However, the suggested use by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka has evolved ever since 2017, with rama-rama being synonymised with kupu-kupu, and its usage is more circumstantial. The arguments of various users, which include usage in commercials, arts, folklore, and education are discussed. A gradual change to the correct use of these standard terms may be required to avoid inconsistencies and confusion among students and the general public. Keywords: translation, common name, kupu-kupu, rama-rama, butterfly, moth, lepidoptera. A CORPUS-BASED INVESTIGATION INTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONE TRANSLATOR’S STYLE THROUGH SPEECH PRESENTATION TRANSLATION Li Yajie1 , Muhammad Alif Redzuan Abdullah2 and Halis Azhan Mohd Hanafiah3 gongdalixiaojie@163.com 1, 2, 3Universiti Putra Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore the development of one particular translator’s style and the methodology of studying the translator’s style. Allan Barr, the spokesperson in the English world of Yu Hua who is a Chinese contemporary literary giant, translated 5 books by Yu Hua from 2003 to 2018. This paper investigates the shift of Allan Barr’s translation style over the time span of 15 years by examining the corpus that consists of Yu Hua’s “Huanghunli De Nanhai” and “Siyue Sanri Shijian”, and their translations “Boy in the Twilight: Stories of the Hidden China” (2003) and “The April 3rd Incident: Stories” (2018) by Allan Barr. This paper also shows how the corpus-based method is applied to identify and analyze one translator’s distinguished idiosyncrasy of translating direct speech presentations in different periods of his translating career. A quantitative analysis is carried out to discover one translator’s changing preference in direct speech translation. The translator’s choice of the types of speech presentation, the speech-act report verbs, the form of “:”” and inverted sentence patterns of the reporting clause are analyzed systematically. Subsequent qualitative analysis is concerned with particular speech-act report verbs, translating strategies of direct speech, and patterns of reporting clauses preferred by Allan Barr at different times from sociological and cognitive perspectives. Findings reveal that one translator’s translation practice, living experience, and stylistic awareness influence his or her assumption and attitude toward the implied target readers, and then dominate his or her stylistic choices. Keywords: translator style, Yu Hua, Allan Barr, speech presentation, corpus-based method.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 28 A COMPUTER ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING USING COGNATES: ARABIC AND MALAY BASED LANGUAGES Akram M Zeki akramzeki@iium.edu.my International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT Cognates are words that have a similar meaning, spelling and pronunciation in two languages (Kondrak, 2009). However, similarities among languages are not necessarily due to borrowing or the origin of one language. Campbell and Poser (2008) argue that some scholars identifying the similarities among languages are only due to inheritance from a common ancestor. They mention other reasons for the existence of similarities among languages, such as by accident (chance, coincidence), onomatopoeia, universals, and typologically commonplace traits. Hara (2011) states that learning cognates can help facilitate learning of a foreign or second language (L2) because cognates preserve the linguistic information of the first language (L1). There is widespread agreement that using cognates helps in facilitating the learning process, especially if the cognates in L1 are loanwords from L2 or the target language (TL), and if these cognates are words of relatively high frequency (Ringbom, 2007). For a long time, computers have been used for language teaching and learning. Furthermore, there is a lack of research into the impact of applying the knowledge of cognates (words similar in meaning and pronunciation) in a web-based learning system for Arabic, and Malay based languages. This study investigates the effects of word cognates (words that have same pronunciation and meaning) used in Computer-Assisted Language Learning systems. In addition, it studies the enhancement of language learning using Computer-Assisted Language Learning systems. The proposed system is able to identify cognates automatically in any of the languages (Arabic, and Malay languages) and presents them in a list. For this purpose, the research developed a web-based system for use as a language learning tool for any of the above 3 languages learners. The system automatically identifies cognates in the two languages using one of two functions: levenshtein() and similar_text(). The system displays the cognates in a list (table form) and highlights the cognates in the lessons. Using cognates will improve learners’ capability of developing the target language. Keywords: computer-assisted language, cognates, language learning systems. SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF NARRATIVE THEORY IN JOURNALISTIC TRANSLATION RESEARCH Linyu Zhang1 , Nor Shahila Mansor2 and Akmar Hayati Ahmad Ghazali3 gs59707@student.upm.edu.my 1, 2, 3Universiti Putra Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of the publications on journalistic translation research from the perspective of Narrative Theory. These reviewed papers are from journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index and Scopus. By utilizing the screening procedure of PRISMA 2020, the present study has spanned a period from its birthday in 2006 to present day. This study finds that Narrative Theory is widely used in journalistic translation research, especially in political news translation. Besides, there are fewer studies combining Narrative Theory with other theoretical frameworks to broaden the present research boundary into a wider horizon. Therefore, this study provides a detailed review of Narrative Theory in journalistic translation research and reveals some research gaps to enlighten the further studies. Keywords: Narrative Theory, journalistic translation, review, PRISMA. TRANSLATING MONOLOGUES IN MY NAME IS RED Roslina Othman roslina@iium.edu.my International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT This paper narrates a personal translation diary penned for three of the fifty-nine monologues to a novel titled My Name is Red authored by the Nobel Prize Winner, Orhan Parmuk. The personal translation diary has no intention for promoting further the novel nor for reviewing the monologues. The primary purpose is to record the learner’s experiences in translating selected monologues around a murder mystery involving a death of a renowned miniaturist in the Sultan’s Workshop. The three selected monologues are I am a Corpse, I am
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 29 Red, and I am a Horse. The objectives are to learn, through translation exercises, the emotional attachment to an object and to list possible words in maintaining the symbolism expressed to ‘hide’ arguments. The corpse cries out the fear of conspiracy against Islam. The red exists from crushed dried red beetles that cannot be truly explained to someone who cannot see. The horse poses a question for not being painted as it really is. The personal translation diary itself is a monologue. The translation for a novel such as this, requires self-reflective narrative. The diary monologues the triangulated steps for the three monologues: reading the hidden arguments, compiling the resources, and completing the list of possible words. The hidden arguments are discovered through reviews and criticisms. The compiled resources include the English translation of the novel, reviews, criticisms, themes, translation software, bi-lingual dictionaries, and thesaurus. The translator is given access to samples and “Translators Aloud”-like sessions. The list of possible words consisted of translated phrases describing the hidden arguments, emotional attachments, and feelings borrowed from both cultural and political contexts. The personal translation diary remains non-judgmental reading and listening. The most challenging task as extracted from the personal translation diary is the attempts to discover the hidden arguments, to search for terms describing the emotional attachments, and to learn the equivalent words in the target language, Malay. The questions posed in the personal translation diary include, how can this emotional attachment be described in the target culture, how can this symbolism be represented in this culture, and how can these possible words be grouped in clusters? The personal translation diary shows the attempts, both success and struggles. The diary has notes on verses of al-Quran and Hadith meant for self-reflective thinking, for example, Surah al-Kafirun, Surah al-Baqarah, Surah an-Naas, and the Prophet’s traditions on illustration of images. What seriously missing in the personal translation diary is the political context during the Ottoman empire. Keywords: personal translation diary, translation of monologues, hidden arguments, emotional attachment, symbolism KEBOLEHPASARAN PELAJAR LATIHAN INDUSTRI ITBM DALAM INDUSTRI TERJEMAHAN DI MALAYSIA Norhasydah Ayub1 and Nazatul Melissa Othman2 shida@itbm.com.my 1, 2Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia ABSTRAK Kertas ini disediakan untuk mengenal pasti apakah modul yang berkesan dan diperlukan bagi mempersiapkan bakal graduan serta menjamin kebolehpasaran mereka dalam bidang penterjemahan. Kebolehpasaran graduan dinilai menerusi modul latihan industri Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia (ITBM) yang selama ini diguna pakai untuk membentuk bakal graduan agar mempunyai nilai kebolehpasaran yang tinggi serta mampu berdaya saing dalam bidang penterjemahan di Malaysia. Bakal graduan atau siswazah yang menjalani latihan industri di ITBM diasah dengan segala kemahiran untuk melaksanakan pelbagai kerja dalam bidang penterjemahan melalui terjemahan projek sebenar yang dikemukakan pelanggan. Selain itu, bakal graduan juga didedahkan dengan tatacara dan etika kerja sebenar. Di samping itu, graduan juga dipupuk dengan disiplin kerja, sikap, integriti dan semangat kerja berpasukan terutama dalam penghasilan terjemahan. Modul latihan industri ITBM ini dapat memastikan mereka mendapat pekerjaan dalam bidang penterjemahan daripada organisasi dan agensi berkaitan serta menjamin kesediaan mereka untuk bekerja sendiri dalam bidang ini. Kertas ini boleh digunakan bagi tujuan penambahbaikan modul latihan industri pada peringkat institusi pengajian tinggi dan untuk kegunaan organisasi mahupun agensi berkaitan serta bakal graduan yang ingin menceburi industry terjemahan di Malaysia. Kata Kunci: kebolehpasaran, graduan, penterjemahan, terjemahan, latihan industri. PROCEDURES FOR THE TRANSLATION OF LEXICAL CREATIVITY IN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE Atikah Zabir atikahzabir@gmail.com Universiti Sains Malaysia ABSTRACT Children’s literature plays an integral role in children’s well-being. Lexical creativity is a fun and exciting way for authors of children’s books to integrate creativity and language learning. Reading has always been known as one of the best ways to learn new vocabulary, but this is especially the case for child readers. Additionally, as part of the child development and language acquisition process, children experiment with the articulation of sounds and words. Hence, creative lexis seems a natural inclusion in children’s literature. Due to the nature of the formation, creative lexis is deeply rooted in the structure of the language it was built in. It is also
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 30 important to note that authors often compress much information, and thus, meanings, through creative words. This information could allude to the origin culture, inside jokes, worldview, or all of them combined. Many authors also have developed their own identities when it comes to word creation. The complexity of lexical creativity means translators must consider various factors when translating this element. There is no one correct way to deal with lexical creativity, as this study will demonstrate. Translators employ various strategies to render creative words in the target text, with varying results. This study will outline the procedures employed to translate creative lexis from English children’s books into Malay and to propose this as a model for the translation of lexical creativity into Malay. The findings from this study also show that although two texts have the same overall translation orientation, translation acceptability, and adequacy may manifest at different degrees for the texts. Therefore, one text may show a higher level of interference from the source language compared to another text, although they are both source-oriented translations. Keywords: translation procedures, children’s literature, lexical creativity, Malay translation. METAPHORICAL TRANSLATION OF “GHOST” IN FORTRESS BESIEGED FROM COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE Dan Dan Tian1 , Muhammad Alif Redzuan Abdullah2 and Ling Yann Wong3 289226679@qq.com 1, 2, 3Universiti Putra Malaysia ABSTRACT The application of metaphor in literary works manifests the author’s writing style, and enriches the presentation of the content of the works, thus bringing more imagination space for readers. It is appropriate to use rhetoric in translation, which can not only protect the source language from damage, but also reproduce the aesthetic value of the original text in the target language. Due to discrepancies in cultural concepts and cognition, certain metaphors in the source text cannot be mapped in the target culture, which brings great challenges to the translation of metaphors. The word of “ghosts” is used 52 times in the novel Fortress Besieged, including 36 metaphors, referring to characters, objects, thoughts, etc. Due to the difficulty of mapping between the two cultures, only 2 of the 36 Chinese metaphors are retained in the English version, while 34 metaphors are translated by free translation. Deleting the form of the metaphor means the the artistic value of the metaphor in the original text are lost. This article attempts to reproduce the value of metaphor under the guidance of conceptual metaphor theory by analyzing the meaning of “ghost” in Chinese culture. Keywords: metaphor translation, conceptual metaphor, metaphor of “Ghost”, Fortress Besieged. PEMPROFESIONALAN INDUSTRI TERJEMAHAN DAN KEJURUBAHASAAN MALAYSIA: KEARAH MERANGKA DASAR KEBANGSAAN Mohamed Zain Sulaiman1 , Intan Safinaz Zainudin2 , Haslina Haroon3 , Muhamad Jad Hamizan Mohamad Yusoff4 , and Siti Aisyah Shaharudin5 zain@ukm.edu.my 1, 2, 4,5Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 3 Universiti Sains Malaysia. ABSTRAK Walaupun amalan terjemahan dan kejurubahasaan sudah lama bertapak di Malaysia dan semakin rancak berkembang, ia masih dilakukan tanpa sebarang kerangka profesional yang dapat memelihara integriti, status dan mutu perkhidmatan terjemahan/kejurubahasaan. Selaras dengan perkembangan semasa dunia terjemahan/kejurubahasaan yang menyaksikan proses pemprofesionalan dilaksanakan terhadap industri terjemahan/kejurubahasaan di serata dunia terutamanya di negara maju, kini telah tiba masanya untuk Malaysia memulakan proses pemprofesionalan tersebut dengan merangka satu dasar kebangsaan yang sesuai. Kajian ini bertujuan mencadangkan satu kerangka yang sesuai bagi penggubalan dasar pemprofesionalan terjemahan/kejurubahasaan negara. Objektif tersebut dicapai dengan mengkaji landskap semasa industri terjemahan/kejurubahasaan negara, dan model pemprofesionalan terjemahan/kejurubahasaan di negara maju. Landskap semasa industri terjemahan/kejurubahasaan dikaji dengan menjalankan tinjauan survei terhadap penterjemah dan jurubahasa di Malaysia, temubual dan diskusi meja bulat dengan organisasi tempatan berkaitan terjemahan/kejurubahasaan terutamanya Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia, Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia, Persekutuan Orang Pekak Malaysia, Persatuan Jurubahasa Isyarat Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia serta agensi-agensi terjemahan/kejurubahasaan swasta. Sementara itu, model pemprofesionalan negara maju yang dipilih untuk kajian ini adalah model United Kingdom dan Australia. Bagi mendapat gambaran jelas mengenai model tersebut, temubual dan diskusi meja bulat dibuat dengan Chartered Institute of Linguists (UK), Institute of Translation and Interpreting (UK), dan National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters (Australia). Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa landskap semasa industri tempatan
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 31 terjemahan/kejurubahasaan sudah sedia untuk memulakan proses pemprofesionalan. Walaubagaimanapun proses tersebut memerlukan satu pendekatan yang unik, berbeza dengan profesion lain. Proses tersebut perlu bersifat sukarela kecuali untuk subbidang tertentu, dan perlu mengambil kira peranan pengamal bukan profesional dalam masyarakat. Tambahan lagi, badan yang akan menerajui proses pemprofesionalan semestinya tidak mempunyai sebarang percanggahan kepentingan. Satu kod etika profesional dan daftar pengamal profesional dengan akses terbuka juga perlu diwujudkan. Akhir sekali, satu kempen kesedaran tentang profesion terjemahan/kejurubahasaan perlu dilancarkan. Kata Kunci: pemprofesionalan penterjemah, pemprofesionalan jurubahasa, industri terjemahan dan kejurubahasaan. TRANSLATING STREET DA’WAH CONCEPT OF TABLIGH JAMA’AT IN MALAYSIA: AN ANALYSIS Saiful Azwan Mustapha1 , Raudlotul Firdaus Fatah Yasin2 and Roosfa Hashim3 msaifulazwan@iium.edu.my 1, 2, 3International Islamic University Malaysia ABSTRACT Terminologically, da’wah has been translated in various form which comprises of addressing, calling, appealing, requesting, and demanding people to worship Allah (swt). More importantly da’wah can be defined as encouraging individuals towards the right path with wisdom, according to way commanded by of Allah (swt), for the benefit and contentment of a person in this world as well as in the hereafter. However, the definition of da’wah on the streets or known as street da’wah is not clearly defined in the academic world. Therefore, this paper will explore from the context of Islamic movement that focuses on the street da’wah activities in Malaysia i.e. the Tabligh Jamaat, that is on the term of street da’wah translated by them in practice. According to their ideology, street da’wah can be translated as, to invite mankind towards Allah (swt) according to what is commanded by Him according to the way presented by Prophet Muḥammad (saw) and the place of the da’wah is on the streets i.e., from alleys to alleys, house to house, marketplaces, or any places where people use to gather. The term of street da’wah used by them globally is gasht/ jaulah in which gasht/ jaulah can be conducted towards specific or ordinary people and at least to be conducted twice a week and it is highly encouraged to be conducted every day at least two and half hours. Tabligh Jama’at tries to popularize faceto-face preaching on the streets, which according to their ideology this kind of preaching has profound impact (by the will of Allah (swt)) since face-to-face da’wah will make the discussion appears from heart to heart. Employing qualitative method of research which involves in-depth interview and library research it aims to analyze and carefully explore the literatures on da’wah approach and relate them with the street da’wah activities of Tabligh da’wah. Similarly, the method is used to scrutinize the secondary sources provided from the effort of researchers, which are associated with the issue of this paper. The implication of this findings can be implemented by members of the mosque, fellow, principle, lecturers of the universities/ colleges or any people who are interested in conveying Islam such as Islamic scholars even the ordinary Muslim but have the spirit of spreading Islam. The intention is that, to spread Islam from heart to heart in ensuring that every Muslim in the locality and neighborhood will benefits from Islam and similarly to overcome the Muslims that seems to be gradually away from the religion of Allah (swt). Keywords: translation, street da’wah, tabligh jama’at. FOREIGNISATION AND DOMESTICATION OF KEYWORDS IN WEBSITE CONTENT TRANSLATION: A KEY TO SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMISATION Waad Ahmad1 , Du Sheng2 , Karima Abubaker3 , Syed Nurulakla Syed Abdullah4 waad.farj@gmail.com 1, 2, 3, 4Universiti Putra Malaysia ABSTRACT In today’s globalised world, translation plays an increasingly important role in communication across languages and cultures. The internationalisation triggered by the development of technology has obviously helped to create a new multilingual internet communication, and multilingual websites are considered one of these new forms. Anthony Pym states that cross-cultural communication via websites and the elements that make up the individual screens of each site, is one of the fastest-growing areas that the age of electronic communication has opened up. In the digital age, website translation is crucial for internationalisation and global marketing, but simply translating their content is no longer enough (Esselink, 2000). Much research has been done in the field of translation, but the area of content translation has received little attention in research. This study, therefore, justifies the importance of keyword translation for multilingual websites, paying particular attention to the role of the equivalences of these keywords in the target languages in improving organic search engine
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 32 optimisation. When translating a website’s keywords into multilingual formats, the equivalences created must be far more than linguistically and culturally appropriate. Rather, they should be attractive, competitive, specific, popular, relevant and searchable. Simply selecting unpopular keywords will not guarantee the success of the effort. Considering word variants and word order is also crucial because you cannot get traffic if people do not use your keywords. So the challenge is to what extent, how and where these criteria overlap. In this research, foreignisation and domestication are applied as two translation strategies to find the best equivalents for the keywords of multilingual websites of a number of companies under study. The study analyses the contrastive textual contents and evaluates their translations. It also identifies mistranslations, untranslatability and translation obstacles, mainly due to ‘culture bumps’. To facilitate the work, many online tools can tell how many searches are being performed for certain keywords and suggest related keywords for optimisation. Keywords: content translation, foreignization, domestication, SEO, multilingual websites.
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 33 Ahli Jawatankuasa Pemandu PPA-19 Penaung YAB Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim Perdana Menteri Malaysia Penasihat YB Dato’ Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi Malaysia YB Fadhlina Sidek Menteri Pendidikan Malaysia YBhg. Profesor Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abd. Razak Rektor, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia Pengerusi Bersama YBhg. Profesor Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli Abdul Razak Rektor, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia Prof. Emeritus Dr. Abdullah Hassan Presiden, Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia (PPM) En. Sakri Abdullah Pengarah Urusan / Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Institut Terjemahan dan Buku Malaysia (ITBM) Dr. Hazami Jahari Ketua Pengarah Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Prof. Datin Dr. Roslina Othman Pengerusi Persidangan Penterjemahan Antarabangsa Ke-19 Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia Pengarah Prof. Dr. Roosfa Hashim (UIAM) Timbalan Pengarah Ts. Dr. Zahidah Zulkifli (UIAM) Setiausaha Bersama Pn. Maswa Mokhti (UIAM) Pn. Sao’dah Abdullah (PPM) Pn. Siti Rafiah Sulaiman (ITBM) Tn. Haji Mohd Salahuddin Dato’ Paduka Mohamed (DBP) Ahli Jawatankuasa Prof. Dr. Asadullah Shah (UIAM) Dr. Youcef Nasser (UIAM) Dr. Hasuria Che Omar (PPM) Dr. Noor Ida Ramli (PPM) En. Abdul Ghani Abu (DBP) Pn. Ana Mohamed Bess (DBP) Pn. Nurfarahanis Syuhada Azemi (ITBM) Cik Eisma Adiba (ITBM)
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 34 Ahli Jawatankuasa Pelaksana PPA-19 Pengerusi Prof. Datin Dr. Roslina Othman Pengarah Prof. Dr. Roosfa Hashim Timbalan Pengarah Ts. Dr. Zahidah Zulkifli Setiausaha Pn. Maswa Mokhti Bendahari 1 En. Saiful Riza Radzali Bendahari 2 En. Mohammad Faizal Gunny Sekretariat Persidangan Prof. Dr. Asadullah Shah Prof. Dr. Akram M Z M Khedher Dr. Youcef Nasser Dr. Sharifah Nur Amirah Sarif Abdullah Dr. Nur Leyni Nilam Putri Junurham Dr. Nor Saadah Md. Nor Pn. Noor Seriyanti Zuber @ Zubir En. Saiful Azwan Mustapha Pn. Norfarhana Morad En. Nor Farris Nor Azam Pn. Siti Haida Mohd Ishak Pn. Norhayati Yusop Pn. Norhayati Rashidi Cik Nur Lisa Aina Isnaruddin En. Ahmad Danail Ahmad Noor Azam En. Mohamad Ezamin Ramli Jemputan, Protokol dan Keraian Dr. Harmi Taazim Mohamad Pn. Maswa Mokhti En. Abdul Latif Abdul Rahman En. Azhari Kamaruddin Teks Ucapan, Kenyataan Media & Kit Media Prof. Dr. Asadullah Shah Prof. Dr. Roosfa Hashim En. Ruslan Rusli Abstrak, Kertas kerja & Prosiding Prof. Dr. Roosfa Hashim Dr. Noorida Ramli (PPM) Ts. Dr. Zahidah Zulkifli Dr. Azrul Azlen Abdul Hamid En. Ismail Jaafar (KLM) Dr. Nur Leyni Nilam Putri Junurham Dr. Sharifah Nur Amirah Sarif Abdullah Dr. Nor Saadah Md. Nor Prof. Dr. Akram M Z M Khedher Prof. Dr. Mohamed Aslam M Haneef (IIIT) Dr. Youcef Nasser Pn. Norfarhana Morad
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 35 Pendaftaran Peserta Pn. Siti Haida Mohd Ishak Cik Nur Lisa Aina Isnaruddin Cik Emilda Markun (PPM) Cik Nadhirah Ayob (PPM) Cik Siti Lorena Hanafi (PPM) Cik Najibah Lockman (ITBM) Kit Persidangan & Cenderamata En. Saiful Riza Radzali En. Nor Farris Nor Azam Pn. Norhayati Rashidi Reka Bentuk (Buku Program, Gegantung, Tirai Latar, Sijil) Pn. Noor Seriyanti Zuber@Zubir Cik Nur Lisa Aina Isnaruddin Reka bentuk Laman Web En. Saiful Riza Radzali En. Nor Farris Nor Azam Terjemahan, Interpretasi dan Kejurubahasaan Pn. Nurfarahanis Syuhada Azemi (ITBM) Cik Nurfasihah Othman (ITBM) Pengacaraan Majlis En. Juhari Md Daud Pn. Siti Aisyah Ibrahim Penjadualan dan Perjalanan Sidang Prof. Dr. Akram M Z M Khedher Ts. Dr. Zahidah Zulkifli Dr. Nur Leyni Nilam Putri Junurham Dr. Sharifah Nur Amirah Sarif Abdullah Dr. Nor Saadah Md. Nor Dr. Youcef Nasser Dr. Norhazlina Hussin (PPM) Pelancaran Buku Pn. Siti Rafiah Sulaiman (ITBM) Teknikal dan Video En. Saiful Riza Radzali En. Nor Farris Nor Azam En. Abdul Ghani Abu (DBP) Pn. Ana Mohamad Bess Pn. Musazliza Mustanshir Pn. Kamalisa Musa Pn. Mohamad Syafiq Selamat En. Firdauz Abdul Radzak En. Sany Mohd Fadzil En. Mohd Nazmin Taharin En. Mohd Farid Janudin En. Zaidah Zakaria En. Hanafi Mohd Yusuf En. Mohamad Adib Zulkifli En. Khairul Azhar Baharuddin Penyelaras Hotel dan Jamuan Pn. Maswa Mokhti En. Saladin Arman (Swiss Garden Hotel) Tugas-tugas Khas dan Keselamatan En. Saiful Azwan Mustapha En. Mohamad Ezamin Ramli En. Ahmad Danail Ahmad Noor Azam
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 36 Penyelaras Majlis En. Saiful Azwan Mustapha En. Mohamad Ezamin Ramli En. Ahmad Danail Ahmad Noor Azam Pameran En. Saiful Riza Radzali En. Nor Farris Nor Azam Persembahan CITRA / Hotel Pelaporan, Rumusan dan Pendokumentasian Dr. Dahlina Daut Mohmud (PPM) Pn. Hjh. Fatimah Zainal (PPM) Dr. Norwati Md.Yusof (PPM) Dr. Noorida Ramli (PPM) Dr. Norhazlina Hussein (PPM) Pn. Sri Qamariah Mohd Samsir (PPM) Pn. Maria Salim (PPM) Cik Najibah Lockman (ITBM) Cik Nur Hidayah Mohd Saleh Cik Aiman Syahira Abdul Razak Cik Aseah Zaini En. Muhammad Al Faateh Muhammad Nubli Cik Nur Syahirah Ahmad Nawawi Tajaan dan Sumbangan Prof. Dr. Roosfa Hashim Komunikasi & Rangkaian En. Roslan Rusli Makan Malam Prof. Madya Dr. Salinah Ja’afar (PPM) Pn. Maria Salim (PPM) Cik Nurfasihah (ITBM) Pn. Nurfarahanis Syuhada (ITBM)
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 37
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 38
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 39
PERSIDANGAN PENTERJEMAHAN ANTARABANGSA KE-19 PENTERJEMAHAN GLOBAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN SEJAGAT THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSLATION GLOBAL TRANSLATION FOR RAHMATAN LIL ‘ALAMIN 40
Sekalung Penghargaan Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Persatuan Penterjemah Malaysia, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka dan Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia ingin merakamkan penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang berikut atas sokongan dan kerjasama yang diberikan untuk menjayakan PPA-19 ini. Para Pembentang Kertas Dasar Para Pembentang Kertas Plenari Para Pembentang Kertas Kerja Para Peserta Pencetak dan Pembekal Persekutuan Orang Pekak Malaysia Media Massa Hotel Swiss Garden, Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur Dan semua yang terlibat secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam membantu melaksanakan program ini berjalan dengan jayanya. Pulau Pandan jauh ke tengah Gunung Daik bercabang tiga Hancur badan dikandung tanah Budi yang baik dikenang juga Sekalung budi sebutir intan Sejambak bunga harum setaman Budimu tuan jadi sanjungan Dikenang orang sepanjang zaman