Countries of the World

Mango mania The facade is made of Cricket balls are traditionally
April to June is peak marble and red sandstone. covered in red leather.
“mango season,” when
Indians feast on more Asia
than 1,500 varieties
of the sweet fruit.

Kangchenjunga Dibrugarh Qila-i-Kuhna Mosque
8,586 m (28,169 ft)

Gangtok BHUTAN Itanagar Jorhat ( B YUARNMMA )A R Delhi is home to many magnificent monuments. Cricket
Shiliguri Brahmaputra Kohima This mosque was built around 1541 inside the India won the
Guwahati Cricket World Cup
Ganges Dispur Shillong Purana Qila, one of Delhi’s forts. in 1983 and 2011. This
popular sport is played
Dhanbad BANGLADESH Imphal M Hindu gods all across the country.
Aizawl Flute-playing

Agartala Krishna is one

Asansol Kolkata of the main deities

Bhubaneshwar MthoeuGthasngoef s among the many This houseboat
Kolkata was the capital gods and goddesses ferries tourists.

of Hinduism.

of British India from

1772 to 1911.

Bay of

Bengal

Holi festival Andaman Islands Port Blair The Andamans Moving house
People celebrate the are made up
arrival of spring by of nearly 300 People use traditional
throwing colored islands with sandy boats called kettuvallam to
powder on each beaches and
other in the festival tropical rain forests. transport goods along the
of Holi. waterways of southwestern

India. Many of these
boats have been turned

into houseboats or
homes for tourists.

Ni cobar Islands Launching satellites
Since 1969, the Indian
Space Research
Organisation
(ISRO) has
launched many
satellites aboard
heavy rockets,
such as this
GSLV Mark III.

Geography: Forests, deserts, Culture: The wide variety in Wildlife: Many of the planet’s 151
mountains, and plains make music, dance, festivals, and most loved, and feared,
up India. Its climate is mostly hot art from all across the country reflects creatures are found in India—tigers,
and tropical. the cultural diversity of the nation. elephants, crocodiles, and cobras.
History: Many kingdoms Natural wonders: The Food and drink: Rice, flour,
in the region were under the Himalayas are the world’s and lentils are staple foods,
British Empire, until the independent highest mountain range. They typically flavored with a range
country of India formed in 1947. cross 10 Indian states. of spices.

Bangladesh 57,320 sq miles
(148,460 sq km)
The Sundarbans 162.6 million
Mangrove forests grow Dhaka
in the delta of the Bengali, other
Ganges River. Called languages (+8)
the Sundarbans, these
are home to animals,
including the rare
Bengal tiger and
chital deer (left).

0 50 km The small, South Asian
country of Bangladesh is
0 50 miles Tea picking situated on the Bay of
(approximate scale) Bengal. It has a changing
landscape of sweeping
N This worker picks tea leaves by hand hillsides, mangrove
on a tea plantation in Sylhet. forests, and riverside
communities.
Bangladesh ranks among the world’s

Saidpur Rangpur top 10 tea producers.
Dinajpur

Jamuna Nadi INDIA

Nawabganj Jamalpur
Rajshahi
Mymensingh Sylhet
Pabna
Sirajganj Habiganj
Tangail
Driving rickshaws Chittagong Hills New Year’s mask
Chuadanga DHAKA Brahmanbaria Pôhela Boishakh is
Two-wheeled and three-wheeled Jessore Meghna NadiComilla an important festival
vehicles called rickshaws are a Padm a that celebrates the
common mode of transportation in INDIA Bengali New Year.
Bangladesh. About a million people Khulna People take part in
earn a livelihood by driving a rickshaw.

Satkhira Barisal Karnaphuli processions and make
Reservoir decorative masks.
Sweet dumplings

Traditional rice cakes Sundarbans Chittagong Saka Haphong
made of rice flour, 1,052 m
milk, and coconut, Mouths of the Ganges (3,451 ft)
called pitha, are
YA N M A R
a special treat. Bay of Bengal
Flower harvest
Festival masks feature
The water lily grows wild in many of colorful depictions
of characters from

Bangladesh’s lakes and rivers. It is harvested M Bengali folklore.
for its stalks—for eating—and the flowers.

152

Buddhist prayer flags Bhutan
From monastery doorways
to village entrances, prayer
flags can be seen fluttering

everywhere in Bhutan.

Thimphu lies high HINA Gangkhar Puensum
in the Himalayas. C 7,570 m (24,840 ft)

H I MAL A Y A Smiling nation
Bhutan favors policies that focus on the
N THIMPHU Punakha S happiness and well-being of

Tongsa
Paro Wangdue
Phodrang Mongar its people. This country

Phuntsholing Samdrup is called the happiest
Jongkhar country in Asia.
INDIA
Tiger’s Nest Monastery
0 50 km
High up in the Paro Valley sits this 17th-century

Buddhist temple, which marks the spot where 0 50 miles
Buddhism was first practiced in Bhutan. (approximate scale)

14,824 sq miles Bhutan is a small Buddhist
(38,394 sq km) kingdom in the eastern
782,000 Himalayas. The country’s
Thimphu main export is hydropower,
Dzongkha, Nepali, generated by the rivers that
Assamese flow down its steep valleys.

N H C 0 100 km Nepal
H
0 100 miles Top of the world
Dipayal I I (approximate scale) Mount Everest is the
world’s highest peak,
BirendranagarMN Kathmandu is located in southeastern
Nepal. Many mountaineers
Salyan A A Nepal’s largest city. climb its steep slopes, but
fewer than 10,000 people
Nepalganj Pokhara L have reached its summit.

I A Mount Everest 56,827 sq miles (147,181 sq km)
8,848 m (29,029 ft) 30.3 million
The Bhairavnath NButwDaBl harIaKtpAuTrAHLMalAitBpNuiDrrgUJaannjBakhpaYukDrthaapnuAkruta Kathmandu
Temple is dedicated to S Nepali, Maithili, Bhojpuri

Bhairava, a form of Dharan
the Hindu god Shiva.

Temple town Biratnagar

Magnificent temples and a

former royal palace line

the wide squares in the

ancient city of Bhaktapur.

Three-quarters of Nepal is covered in mountains,
including many of the world’s most majestic peaks.
Its wildlife includes the Asiatic elephant, the one-
horned rhinoceros, and the very rare snow leopard.

153

Myanmar

Hkakabo Razi Kyaukse
5,885 m (19,308 ft) festival
A giant bamboo
Bagan is a popular elephant takes center
destination for stage at this annual
hot-air ballooning. festival where dancers
dressed as elephants
IA RKaunmgoen parade in the streets.

IN Myitkyina CHINA 0 150 km
D
Banmauk 0 150 miles
(approximate scale)
Hakha
Eating tea
Bagan skyline BANGLADESH SittangMonywaShweboThanlwin Although many
S nations drink
The beautiful city of Bagan features a stunning Ayeyarwady Mandalay tea, the people of
Pakokku Myingyan Myanmar also eat it.
skyline of Buddhist temples built by its ancient Rakhine MountainsBagan Taunggyi Kengtung Among the national
Shan favorites is laphet thoke,
rulers from the 11th century onward. Sittwe Magway Plateau a pickled tea leaf salad.

Ramree NAY PYI TAW THAILAN D
Island LAO
Pyay
Traditional parasols Munaung Phyu
are made of bamboo, Island
waxed cotton, or silk. Bay of Hinthada
Bengal

Pathein Bago
Thaton
Yangon
(Rangoon) Mawlamyine
of
MAyoeuythasrwoaf dthye GMuoltft am a N
Preparis
Ye

Great Coco Island Dawei THAILAND

Andaman Sea Myeik Yangon city
Letsok-aw Kyun Myanmar’s largest and busiest city is

Lanbi Kyun Yangon (formerly Rangoon), which
Zadetkyi Kyun was the capital from 1948 to 2006.

261,228 sq miles
(676,578 sq km)
56.6 million
Nay Pyi Taw
Burmese
(Myanmar), other
languages (+7)

Buddhists in Young monks Formerly called Burma, Myanmar
Myanmar wear Most of the country’s population is the second-largest country
maroon robes. is Buddhist, and there are about in Southeast Asia. It is known
500,000 Buddhist monks. Boys train as “the land of golden pagodas”
to be monks from the age of seven. because of its thousands of
spectacular temples.

154

MY NA

ANMAR CHI Phongsali Laos
Louangnamtha
Morning markets
Houayxay Phou Bia Xam Nua Markets in Laos sell a variety of local
2,819 m produce, such as noodles made from rice.
Louangphabang (9,249 ft) Textiles, handcrafted goods, and traditional
Xaignabouli
cuisine are all traded at busy stalls.
Natural AsiaMekongXPialnagtekahuoadneg

materials MVIENTIANEPakxan
Bamboo is a giant grass A
that thrives in Laos. The long N
stems make poles for building VI ET
things, and the leaves can
be woven into baskets. ND

TH
A (VIANIGCHANL) A Thakhèk

Vientiane sits on Khanthabouli
the banks of the
Mekong River.

0 100 km Pakxe Salavan

0 100 miles N Mekong Champasak
Attapu
(approximate scale) CAMBODIA

Mekong River 91,428 sq miles Laos is a landlocked
The lifeline of the country is (236,800 sq km) country in Southeast
the Mekong River. It is used for 7.4 million Asia with a landscape
transportation and watering crops. Vientiane of mountains, forests, and
Lao, other waterfalls. The Mekong
languages (+5) River runs the length of
the country.

THAIL A ND LAOS Cambodia
Virôchey
Sisophon 0 50 km N

Siem Reap

Apsara dance Battambang Tonle Sap Stung Treng Lumphat 0 50 miles
Apsaras are heaven’s Pursat Kampong Thum (approximate scale)
female dancers in Angkor Wat
M C 1P,h8n1o3mmAuralMekon
Hindu mythology. ardoaumntoamins g The Buddhist temple of
This traditional Angkor Wat is the largest
style of Cambodian A
dance was named M religious monument in
after them. (5,948 ft) Kompong Cham Phnom Penh is
known as “the
PHNOM PENH N
Sihanoukville Kampot V I E T Pearl of Asia.” the world. It is featured
on the Cambodian flag.
Gulf of
Thailand

The mountains of 69,898 sq miles
Cambodia are covered (181,035 sq km)
in dense tropical 16.9 million
forests. Most people Phnom Penh
live in lowland areas Khmer, other
where crops such as languages (+4)
rice can be farmed
and cattle graze.

Thailand

Doi Inthanon

Waterfalls, forests,

shrines, and the country’s Tropical beaches
highest mountain can all To the south of Thailand are thousands of remote
be found in Doi Inthanon islands and unspoiled beaches that are accessible only
National Park.
by boat. Railay Beach, near Phuket, is a favorite

MAR with rock climbers and swimmers.
Doi Inthanon
MYAN 2,565 m (8,415 ft) 0 100 km

This character Chiang Mai Nan 0 100 miles Queen of fruit
(approximate scale) The mangosteen is a
Khon dance battles a demon in Lampang Phrae purple tropical fruit with
For centuries, masked LAOS a soft, juicy pulp
Thai performers a scene from the epic that is grown
have taken part in poem Ramakien. Tane RangeUttaradit Loei Udon Thani in Thailand.
khon, a spectacular
dance-drama. Tak K o r at Pla tea
Phitsanulok Khon Chi
Kaen u
Nakhon Chaiyaphum
Sawan Mun N
Ubon
Lop Buri Buriram Surin Ratchathani

Tha Chin Saraburi

Ratchaburi BANGKOK M B O DI A Muay Thai
Phetchaburi (KRUNG THEP) The national sport of
A
Hua Hin Chon Buri C
Ao Thailand is a form of boxing
Krung Rayong
Thep Chanthaburi called Muay Thai. Fighters can

Ko Chang use their fists, elbows, knees, and

Gulf shins to combat their opponent.

Chumphon of
Thailand

Surat Thani Ko Phangan
Ko Samui

Ko Nakhon Si
Phuket Thammarat
Phuket

Trang

A Ko Lanta Floating markets

n Hat Yai Pattani In Thailand, vendors fill boats called
Ko Tarutao sampans with fresh produce to sell to
da locals and tourists. Damnoen Saduak
S
in Ratchaburi is one of Thailand’s
ma Narathiwat largest floating markets.
ea
n
MALAYSIA
198,116 sq miles
(513,120 sq km)

69 million

Bangkok

Thai, other
languages (+6)

The bustling capital of Bangkok
and tropical southern islands draw
millions of visitors to Thailand every
year. Buddhism is the main religion
here, and thousands of temples and
statues of the Buddha dot the country.

156

Fansipan C H I NA Vietnam
3,143 m (10,312 ft)
Ha Giang

Hoa Lao Cai Cao Bang

Lai Chau n g Lien Yen Bai Lang Son
Son La S o n Red HANOI Cam Pha

Hoa Binh River Hai Phong

Red-shanked douc Thanh Hoa Nam Dinh
Bright red legs give
this eye-catching 0 100 km A Gulf of
monkey its name. It Tonkin

lives high in the trees of n Vinh
Vietnamese rain forests.
n S
Golden Bridge
Two big stone hands support 0 100 miles a o
this scenic walkway in the hills (approximate scale)
m u
near Da Nang. People walk
on the bridge at a height of L t
ite
4,590 ft (1,400 m). A Dong h
Hoi S

Hue
O Chi na Rice terraces
ea Rice is an important
S crop in Southeast Asia.
Mo It is grown in wet paddy
fields or on steplike
u “terraced” fields in hilly
areas. Vietnam ranks
n among the world’s top
five rice producers.
t Da Nang

a

i

n

s

D Quang Ngai
IA
Kon Tum
Play Cu
Quy Nhon

Buon Ma Tuy Hoa
O Thuot
C A M B Tay Ninh Nha Trang
Da Lat Cam Ranh

Phu Chau Doc Bien Hoa Phan Thiet
Quoc Vinh LoMngekong Ho Chi Minh

Gulf of Vung Tau
Thailand Rach Tra Vinh

N Gia Soc Trang oMfekontgh e

Ca Mau Bac Lieu u t hs
Mo
Con Son
Island
Noodle soup

Every region of Vietnam has a

different recipe for making pho—

a traditional noodle soup made

Hanoi Train Street with broth, meat, and herbs.
Twice a day, a train speeds through
this narrow, residential street in Hanoi’s Ha Long Bay 127,880 sq miles
Old Quarter. Locals stay clear of the Rocky limestone islands covered in (331,210 sq km)
tracks for their own safety. rain forest dot the waters of this bay near 98.7 million
Hai Phong in northeastern Vietnam. Tourists Hanoi
visit this popular spot on daily boat trips.

Vietnamese, other
languages (+8)

Vietnam lies on the eastern edges
of the Southeast Asian peninsula.
There are mountains to the north
and central highlands. To the south
of Ho Chi Minh City, the Mekong
River ends its 2,800-mile (4,500 km)
journey across Asia in a vast,
fertile delta.

Philippines

Asia a Batan Waxy, turquoise flowers grow
Islands up to 35 in (90 cm) long.
n Strait
Luzon
Babuyan
i

h Islands

C Laoag 0 200 km
a

th Tuguegarao 0 200 miles
Se (approximate scale)

u Baguio Luzon Jade vine
The vibrant jade
o vine grows in the
country’s tropical
S Dagupan Cabanatuan Manila is the most forests, creeping up
Angeles densely populated the tree trunks to
Malolos
Mount Pinatubo city in the world. reach sunlight.

1,486 m
(4,875 ft) MANILA
Wide-eyed Batangas Lucena Philippine

tree-dweller M Naga Sea
The nocturnal
Philippine tarsier is Calamian Catanduanes
one of the world’s smallest Group
primates. It lives on the Mindoro Sibuyan Legazpi City PACIFIC
southeastern islands. Sea OCEAN
indoro Strait
Palawan Culion Roxas City Masbate Calbayog
Cuyo Samar
Panay Cadiz
Iloilo Tacloban
Cebu
Islands San Carlos City
Puerto Cebu Leyte
Princesa Negros
Bohol
A spiny exterior Cagayan Bohol
protects the soft Islands Sea

fruit inside. Mindanao Butuan
Cagayan
Sulu Iligan de Oro
Sea

Zamboanga M o r o Cotabato Davao
Gulf Mount Apo
2,954 m
Sulu Archipelago General (9,692 ft)
Santos
Celebes
Sea

Marang fruit N Chocolate hills
The juicy marang fruit is a local The unusual conical hills of Bohol Island are
favorite. Although it does not covered in green grass, which turns chocolate
smell very nice, the flesh is sweet.
brown in the dry season.

Tinikling dance 300,000 sq km
The national dance of (115,830 sq miles)
tinikling involves dancers 109 million
moving in rhythm over a Manila
pair of bamboo poles Filipino, English,
that are slid around other languages (4+)

on the ground. The Philippines is a collection
of more than 7,000 islands in
southeastern Asia. Dotted across
the country are more than 20
active volcanoes. The eruption

of Mount Pinatubo, on Luzon,
in 1991, was one of the most

powerful in the 20th century.

Mongolia

Sand and snow Naadam festival Asia
The towering dunes of the Every July, people all over
Gobi Desert dwarf a herd of
two-humped Bactrian camels, Mongolia take part in the
kept by nomadic Mongols Naadam sporting festival.
for transportation, wool, They compete in horse
milk, and meat. racing, wrestling,
and archery.

Nayramadlin Orgil RUSS I In bkyukl bökh, a form of Mongolian
4,374 m (14,350 ft) wrestling, wrestlers win by forcing
Ölgiy Ulaangom A their opponent to the ground.
Bergenia flower
Despite its delicate Tüdevtey Mörön Sühbaatar N
appearance, this Altai Selenga
resilient flower Erdenet Darhan
thrives in Mongolia’s Uliastay H aN urnugua y n Bulgan Orhon Gol Dzuunharaa
low temperatures. Altay
Tsetserleg Choybalsan
u ULAANBAATAR
o Kerulen
M n Bayanhongor Arvayheer Öndörhaan
tains
Baruun-Urt

Mandalgovi

Saynshand

C Dalandzadgad i
HIN
Gob
0 200 km
A

0 200 miles Horsehead fiddle
(approximate scale)
A carved horsehead tops the
morin khuur—a traditional bowed

instrument played for centuries.

Nomadic life

Around a million
Mongolians live as
traditional nomads.
They set up temporary
camps known as gers
and travel on horseback
to tend their herds.

603,908 sq miles Mongolia is a vast country
(1,564,116 sq km) in Central Asia with
3.2 million landscapes ranging from
Ulaanbaatar the snowcapped Altai
Khalkha Mongolian, Mountains in the west
other languages (+3) to the vast, cold Gobi
Desert in the south.

159

Mooncake

Often eaten during lunar

China celebrations in fall,

this cake is a rich, sweet N

baked dessert. S TAN
Altay
KAZA K H

Great Wall of China Yining

A huge stone wall was TAJIKISTKANY R G Y ZSTAN Ürümqi
built across China over T Hami
many centuries to protect it i e n Shan
from invaders. The Great Kashi T a Dunhuang
Wall spans more than Shache k la Ma k a n
13,000 miles (21,000 km). D es ert
Hotan
Dragons—symbols of good Mekong
luck—are made to dance Kunlun Mountains Altun Shan Jiayuguan
through the streets. Qaid M Y A N M A R
Pl am P e n d i
PAKISTAN of Golmud
a t e
Giant pandas T b a u
These endangered bears live in i e t

forested mountains in China, where Mount Everest
they survive on a diet of bamboo 8,848 m
(29,029 ft)

plants. Fewer than a thousand H I M Xigaze
adults exist in the wild. ALAY
A Lhasa
S

BHUTAN INDIA

Chinese New Year
China’s most important festival marks
the New Year and the coming of spring.
This event is also celebrated in some
other parts of Southeast Asia.

More than one-fifth of the people in the world live Industry and trade
in China, making it the most populated nation on China is one of the largest and fastest-growing
Earth. Officially known as the People’s Republic economies in the world. It manufactures most
of China, it is also the world’s third-largest country.
China has a varied landscape of desert, mountains, goods for export but imports goods, too.
and plains, but the majority of its inhabitants live
in towns and big cities. 3,705,407 sq miles
(9,596,960 sq km)
160 1.39 billion
Beijing
Mandarin, other
languages (+6)

AsiaChinese lanternsUSSIA
Lanterns are featured in the
R
decorations for Chinese
P(New Year. The red stands

LAOS for happiness and the
gold signifies wealth.

0 250 km Hulun Buir Jiamusi
0 250 miles (Hailar)
(approximate scale)
Qiqihar

Harbin Jixi
Changchun
Ulanhot Manchuria

M O N GOLIA Tongliao OREAJilin
G o bi
Chifeng E a s to fS eJaa p a n /Shenyeng
(Ulanhad)
Anshan K
Jinzhou NO T H
Hohhot BEIJING R Sea
Modern Shanghai
Zhangye Baotou

Yinchuan uaongw HRiev)er Yulin Tianjin Dalian On the central coast of China lies Shanghai,
Wuwei Shijiazhuang Yantai a sprawling city known for industry and
Yel(lH Taiyuan
Xining Handan Jinan Qingdao commerce. It is China’s largest city.
Zibo
Lanzhou Yellow Sea The style of the headdress
Zaozhuang
Traditional opera
Xi’an Zhengzhou Xuzhou Huai'an Since the 18th century,

Nanyang Huainan Nanjing Wuxi Chinese performers have reveals information about the
opera’s characters—this is
Mianyang Three Gorges Hefei gtze iang)Suzhou Shanghai used music, mime, and the crown of a noblewoman.
Nanchong Dam Wuhan Hangzhou Ningbo dance in their dramatic

Chengdu Sichuan Guang’an operatic plays.
Pendi (ChangYaJn
Leshan Chongqing
Yangtze E a sSteCah i n a
Changsha Nanchang Wenzhou

Xuanwei Guiyang Hengyang Pingxiang

Fuzhou

Kunming Zheuajrial nRgiv)er Guilin Shaoguan Quanzhou
Gejiu Laibin Xiamen
Wuzhou
Dongguan TAIWAN
Guangzhou Shenzhen
V I E Nanning
T N AM Hong Kong

Zhanjiang (S.A.R.) n a

Hainan C h i
Dao e a
Haikou o u t h
S
S

Fan Zhendong
Table tennis has been
China’s most popular sport
since the 1950s, and Fan
Zhendong is among its

greatest players.

Geography: The Yangtze Culture: The country is
and the Yellow Rivers are famous for philosophy,
the longest in China. To the north architecture, martial arts,
lies the Gobi Desert. and visual arts.
History: Until the Communist Food and drink: Rice,
Revolution in 1949, China noodles, meat, vegetables,
was ruled by emperors for and tea are at the heart of
more than 4,000 years. Chinese cuisine.

Taiwan Rush-hour traffic
Motorbikes often
Asia Bubble tea outnumber cars in
This popular drink was invented the storm of traffic
in Taiwan during the 1980s. It is that hits Taipei every
a blend of milk, sugar, tea leaves, morning and evening.

and tapioca balls, and it can CHINA Tanshui Keelung
come in many fruit flavors. Chung-li
Kinmen n Strait Hsinchu TAIPEI East China N
13,892 sq miles Island Miaoli Yilan Sea
(35,980 sq km)
Hsueh Shan 0 30 km
3,884 m
Taiw a T’aichung (12,743 ft) 0 30 miles
(approximate scale)
Magong Hua-lien
Changhua Nantou Philippine Sea
Douliou

23.6 million P’enghu Chiaya
Taipei Islands T’ainan

Amoy Chinese, Kaohsiung T’ai-tung
other languages (+2)
P’ingtung Lü Tao

The mountainous island of Taiwan South China Lan Yü
in the Pacific Ocean lies about 100 Sea
miles (160 km) off the southeastern
coast of China. The country is famous Ace students
for its natural beauty and the fusion Math and science are
of different cultures. valued highly in Taiwan, and
its students achieve some of
the best scores in the world.

North Korea Paektu Mountain Hoeryong Rajin Rhythmic gymnastics
2,744 m involves dance
(9,002 ft) Ch’ongjin N routines with balls.
Hyesan
No man’s land 0 50 km
Kilchu
After a three-year war between North and South 0 50 miles Kimch’aek
Korea, ending in 1953, a demilitarized zone was (approximate scale)
created between the two countries. Nature thrives /
in this 2.5-mile (4 km) strip of empty land.
A Manp’o n

N Kanggye a
Ch’osan
I Nangnim Mountains p
a

H a
e

C J
S

Namsan-ni f
t

o
s

Sinuiju a

a
Hamhung Se E
Hungnam
Chongju Yonghung Champion gymnasts
Anju Wonsan North Korea has won three

Sunch’on Kosong Olympic gold medals for
artistic gymnastics.
Y e l l o w P’YONGYANG

Sea Namp’o

Sariwon P’yongsan
Changyon
Kaesong S O U T H
Ongjin Haeju KOREA

46,540 sq miles North Korea separated from South
(120,538 sq km) Korea after World War II. The
25.6 million border between the countries was
Pyongyang drawn across the middle of the Korean
Korean peninsula along a line of latitude.

162

South Korea Asia

Sejong the Great

One of the most revered figures in
Korean history, King Sejongdaewang
was a brilliant scholar who ruled the

nation in the 15th century.

Global pop NORTH KOREA The Hangul alphabet
Korean pop (or K-pop) music has become Chuncheon Taeb was introduced by
hugely popular worldwide, with bands Goyang
such as BTS (above) selling millions of Bucheon SEOUL aek-sanmaek King Sejongdaewang.
singles and albums. Incheon Sokcho
Ansan Songnam Wonju S
Delicious dish Suwon Gangneung
The popular South Korean e
Ulleung-do
dish bibimbap is a mix H an a
of rice, vegetables, meat,
and egg. It originated in Yellow Sea E
Sobaek-sanmaek
the 15th century. Eumseong o
a
Lotus vase
Korea has a tradition f
of fine pottery and s
porcelain. Much was
produced during Cheongju J
the Goryeo Dynasty SEJONG CITY t
(918–1392 ce), including Daejeon
this ornate vase featuring a
a lotus flower. Iksan S
Jeonju Andong
Pohang p Hats worn
Daegu Gyeongju e by military
musicians are
Nakdong a often decorated
a with bird feathers.

n

Gunsan /

Gwangju Jinju Ulsan
Mokpo Suncheon Changwon

Yeosu Busan r a i t

orea S t

K

N

Fighters must strike the colored Hallasan Jeju J e j u S t r a i t
areas of their opponent’s body or 1,947 m
(6,388 ft)
head protector to score points.
Jeju-do

Marching music

0 50 km Daechwita is a traditional
form of military marching music

0 50 miles that uses instruments such as
(approximate scale)
drums, brass horns, and gongs.

It accompanies the ceremonial

changing of the guards at the

Tae Kwon Do country’s royal palaces.

The national sport of South Korea is

Tae Kwon Do. Competitors are allowed A yonggo is a barrel
to use both their hands and feet during drum decorated with
matches. This ancient martial art was
painted dragons.
invented to help soldiers prepare for battle.

38,502 sq miles On the bottom half of a peninsula
(99,720 sq km) jutting out between the Sea of
51.8 million Japan and the Yellow Sea, South
Seoul Korea is one of Asia’s biggest
Korean economies, with booming
businesses in electronics
and car manufacturing. 163

Japan Mount Fuji
At 12,390 ft (3,776 m) high,
Mount Fuji is the country’s
tallest peak. This active volcano,
which last erupted in 1707, is

a sacred site.
AsiaThe red disc stands for the sun
and represents Japan as “the
toland of the rising sun.”
O
Origami

The art of folding paper into

imaginative shapes is called origami.

Millions enjoy this artistic activity. Sea o f sJta pSaena/
E a
Earthquake drill
Japan has more than 75 active
volcanoes, and one in five of all major

earthquakes occurs here. Regular earthquake Toyama

evacuation drills help school children Kanazawa

learn what to do in the event of ki-shotoDogo Fukui N SH U
an emergency.
H O Gifu
YamHaamguacdhaHi iroshMiMDmaCoaatzhtsesuunuygeaSomhkaOiukk-aYosyokanaumKanT-goacosocTkhhaauikinsahcmiThmaoitatstAouwriKajoisbheimKayWMotaOaokiszaauykraauOmtsaTuNNsauargaoya
SKOOURT EHA
Korea Strait
Traditional sweets Tsushima
Japanese people enjoy Kitakyushu
eating handcrafted sweets
called wagashi, made from Fukuoka SHIKOKU
fruit, grains, and sugar.
East China Saga
Torii gates are often painted Sea
bright red to ward off evil spirits. Sasebo K Y U S H U Oita

Torii gate Nagasaki Kumamoto 0 100 km
This iconic gateway Ksyaunschhui-
is seen all over Japan, Miyazaki TOKYO 0 100 miles
marking the entrances
to sacred shrines. Some Goto-ret Pacific territories O-shima (approximate
shrines have more than Hundreds of inhabited and scale)
one torii gate. uninhabited islands belonging to Japan Miyake-jima
N
Izu-shoto Hachijo-jima
are scattered around a vast area of the
Kagoshima Aoga-shima

Pacific Ocean and East China Sea. P

Tori-shima A

Ir0(0iaIosmphSR1jpioigam0tryae1ko0aku-0xii-skki0jmimhmymiaamutileaeMI-sssisyclhaaakoloten-)jdEimsaaNs( atNPOShkTaCheioannhkaasiuOiwelnnkaoiiians--Aphsasmhowhptiaamoos-mihatnoii-mAKO)ema-aagmOoNSssi-ushagemohuztnaioi-etmo aN Philippine C
Sea
I
Mukojima-retto
Osumi-shoto Chichijima-retto FIC OCEAN
Hahajima-retto
o Ogasawara-shoKtaozan-retto
Kita-lo-jima
Io-jima

Minami-Io-jima

The island country of Japan celebrates the old 145,913 sq miles
and the new. Ancient traditions are honored as (377,915 sq km)
an important part of everyday life, while the nation 125.5 million
still maintains its position as a world leader in Tokyo
cutting-edge technology. Japan is one of the Japanese
world’s richest countries, and its people enjoy
a high standard of living.

164

RUSSIA

La Perouse Strait Sea of Kuril Cherry blossom
Okhotsk Islands Nature is celebrated
in Japan, with crowds
Asahikawa Kitami of people flocking to local
parks to view the pretty
H O K K A I D O Kushiro pink cherry blossoms in
bloom every spring.
Sapporo Obihiro

Hakodate Japanese robot
ASIMO can
Hirosaki Aomori
Iwate open doors, lift
Ou-sanmyaku objects, and
play soccer.

Akita Morioka 75 km

0

Sakata 0 75 miles

Yamagata Sendai (approximate scale)

Sado Niigata ni-sanmyaku Fukushima Kimono
For special occasions,
Iwaki N such as weddings and
temple visits, the kimono
Nagaoka Utsunomiya Hitachi is worn. Both men and
Nagano Miku Oyama Mito
women wear this
Maebashi Saitama formal clothing.
Matsumoto Kawasaki TOKYO
s aAnk amiysah ik-u Kofu Chiba
Yokohama
Fuji

Shizuoka Izu- Robotics
Japanese scientists
Hamamatsu shoto have developed robots
capable of moving
Mount Fuji like humans.
3,776 m
(12,388 ft)

PACIFIC
OCEAN

Capital city
Tokyo is the world’s
largest urban area,
with more than
35 million people.

Japanese macaques Calligraphy
Monkeys called macaques grow thick Shodo, a form of
fur to keep warm in snowy northern calligraphy, is the
Japan and even bathe in hot springs creation of decorative
symbols and lettering
to escape the freezing temperatures. by brush or pen. This
Japanese art form
dates back centuries.

Geography: Japan consists Culture: From calligraphy, Wildlife: Much of Japan is 165
of many islands on the poetry, and theater to bonsai, covered in forests—a haven
Pacific Ocean. Three-quarters of origami, and martial arts, a wide for wildlife such as macaques,
the landscape is mountainous. variety of customs and traditions bears, squirrels, and wild boar.
History: The earliest settlers is at the heart of Japanese culture. Food and drink: People eat
arrived about 30,000 years ago. Natural wonders: More than a healthy diet rich in fish. Japan
Over the centuries, Japan has seen 100 volcanoes dot the country. is known for its green tea, consumed
both imperial and military rule. The most famous is Mount Fuji. without milk.

Asia Malaysia Taking flight
Kite flying is popular in Malaysia. The wau
The art of defense
A traditional Malaysian bulan, meaning “moon kite,” is a large kite
martial art, called Silat
Melayu, helps develop with a bamboo frame and floral decorations.
self-defense techniques.
Many children learn a lianys u l aAILANDKota Bharu
it at school. TH
George P e nM Kuala
Bare hands or Town IN Terengganu
weapons can Taiping
both be used for Ipoh Taman Negara
this martial art. Kuantan
Giant bloom Teluk Intan

The world’s biggest Klang of KUALA LUMPUR
flower belongs to a plant Strait S PUTRAJAYA
called rafflesia, found in
some parts of Malaysia. DONE MalaMccealaka Johor Bahru
It can reach 3 ft (1 m) wide
and produces a foul smell SINGAPORE
to attract insects.
IA

Noisy caller
Malaysia’s national
bird, the rhinoceros hornbill
is recognized by its bright beak

and a hollow hornlike structure
on its head that amplifies its song.

Indonesia Medan M A L A Y S I

Marine life Pematangsiantar
The Raja Ampat coral reef
north of Sorong in New N a SINGAPORE
Guinea is home to whales m a tPergunu PontiaSninagkkawPaenggunungan
and dolphins, more than Padang u Pekanbaru
500 species of coral, and S Jambi
thousands of different fish. Shadow puppetry
Used in traditional Indonesian ngan Palembang Borneo
735,358 sq miles (1,904,569 sq km) storytelling, these puppets cast Barisan Banjarmasin
267 million dramatic shadows when held
Jakarta in front of a screen and lit from Serang JAKARTA Java Sea
Javanese, Sundanese, Bogor Bandung Semarang
other languages (+3) behind. Puppeteers use rods I N Java
to animate the characters. D Surabaya
I Yogyakarta
Malang
AN O
C Denpasar

EAN

The largest country in Southeast Asia,
Indonesia consists of 13,466 islands across
3,100 miles (5,000 km) of sea. Most people
166 live on the island of Java.

Taman Negara Park Stinky fruit Asia
Visitors can climb a ropeway The durian is an unusual
to explore the canopy of one fruit with a smell so bad
of the world’s oldest deciduous that it is banned on
rain forests at this enormous public transportation
national park on the in Malaysia.
Malay Peninsula.
A spiky outer shell protects the
Gunung Kinabalu Sulu Sea soft, yellowish flesh of the fruit.
4,101 m Sandakan
Petronas Towers
(13,454 ft) N The world’s tallest twin towers are the

Kota a r a n r Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur.
Kinabalu c k e With a height of 1,483 ft (452 m), these

South China BRUNEI CBraon j skyscrapers both have 88 floors.
Miri

S e a Bintulu Baram

Sibu IA

Kuching Rajang B o r n e o 0 100 km

S 0 100 miles
(approximate scale)
INDON E

127,354 sq miles This tropical, Southeast Asian
(329,847 sq km) country is made up of the Malay
32.6 million Peninsula and part of the island
Kuala Lumpur of Borneo. Malaysia is known for its
Bahasa Malaysia, popular beaches, lush rain forests,
Malay, other and large multicultural cities.
languages (+3)

Sensational satay Rain forest
rover
Among Indonesia’s favorite dishes The island of

A is skewered and grilled meat Sumatra is home
PHILIPPINES called satay, served with to the Sumatran
Muller a delicious peanut sauce. Orangutan, a critically
Celebes Sea endangered primate. It
spends most of its time
Samarinda Manado PACI F I in the trees and sleeps in
Ternate a nest of branches.
Sorong
Palu Moluccas C OCEAN Long arms help the
Balikpapan Celebes orangutan to swing freely
WEST Puncak Jaya
(Sulawesi) 5,040 m (16,535 ft) between the trees.

Parepare Ambon PAPUA Pegunungan Maoke Jayapura
Makassar S (Me aaluku)
N ew PAPUA
Mataram Banda G u ine a NEW
Lesser Sunda Islands

Ende EAST GUINEA

TIMOR Timor Sea Arafura Sea
Kupang

0 200 km

0 200 miles
(approximate scale)

Bamboo music 167
The angklung is a musical
instrument invented in
Indonesia. Bamboo tubes
attached together with rattan
(strips of a palm tree) are beaten
or shaken to create sounds.

Singapore

Asia Marina Bay Sands
is a luxury hotel.
Johore Strait
Bumboat travel

Brightly colored

bumboats cruise N
the Singapore River,

providing a water Street food

taxi service or taking The lively streets of Singapore are

tourists on trips. MALAYSIA known for food stalls that serve a
broad range of local dishes and
Causeway
international cuisine.
Woodlands Sembawang
Sungai MA
Mouse deer Buloh Seletar Yishun
At only 18 in (45 cm) Choa Reservoir LAYS I A
tall, the mouse deer of Chu
Singapore is the world’s Kang Bukit Bukit Timah Punggol Pulau Pulau
smallest hoofed mammal. Panjang Hill Ubin Tekong
182 m (597 ft)
277 sq miles Changi
(719 sq km) Jurong Bukit Serangoon
6.2 million West
Singapore Jurong Timah Singapore Changi
Mandarin, East SINGAPORE International
Malay, Tamil, Tuas Queenstown CITY Bedok Airport
English
Katong
A bridge connects this tropical
island country in Southeast Asia Pulau Jurong Telok Strait of Singapore South
to mainland Malaysia. Singapore is a Pandan Strait Blangah China Sea
city-state and a prosperous center
of finance and industry. Pulau Sentosa
Bukum

Pulau Sudong Pulau Pulau Buddha Tooth
Semakau Sebarok
Pulau Pawai Relic Temple
Strait of Pulau Senang This statue
Singapore

0 6 km The Buddha of the Buddha
is the founder is displayed in a
0 6 miles of Buddhism. temple that also
(approximate scale) holds a tooth

believed to be from

Gardens by the Bay the Buddha himself.

Opened in 2012, this award-winning

nature park of gardens and greenhouses

is a star attraction in Singapore.

The park features
illuminated structures that
reach up to 164 ft (50 m).

2,226 sq miles n a Brunei
(5,765 sq km)
464,480 h Ch i Pekan Asia
Bandar Seri Begawan S ea Muara
Malay, English, o u t Kampong BANDAR SERI Proboscis monkey
Chinese Jerudong BEGAWAN High in the forests
S of Brunei lives the
Despite being among the Tutong Bangar
smallest, Brunei is one of endangered proboscis
the richest nations on Earth Kuala Pekan Seria monkey, recognizable
because of its plentiful oil and Belait
gas reserves. The Sultan (ruler) by its large nose.
of Brunei is one of the world’s Kampong Kampong
wealthiest people. Bukit Sawat Batang Duri Bukit Pagon
1,850 m
Golden Kampong Labi (6,070 ft)
domes and
minarets top Kampong Teraja L A Y S I A
the royal N
palace. M

0
A 20 km

O 0 20 miles
A (approximate scale)

Royal palace
The Sultan of Brunei lives
in a palace called the Istana

Nurul Iman. Surrounded
by a lagoon, it is
the world’s largest
residential palace.

Traditional clothing Timor-Leste

Tais cloth is the traditional Pulau Wetar Strait
Atauro
textile of Timor-Leste. These trait
children are wearing golden a i S DILI Manatuto Baucau Tutuala
headdresses and colorful Liquica
sarongs called tais mane. b
m Tatamailau Laleia Lospalos

2,986 m
(9,797 ft)

Pante Maliana Viqueque
Makassar
Same
I
I N D O NES Suai Timor Sea
Sacred huts
0 20 km
0 20 miles N All over Timor-Leste, people
(approximate scale) visit sacred huts that stand as

prayer houses and special places

to remember their ancestors.

5,743 sq miles Timor-Leste sits on the eastern
(14,874 sq km) side of the island of Timor. Dili
1.4 million is the capital and largest city.
Dili The country has a tropical climate
Tetum, Bahasa and a landscape of mountains,
Indonesia, grasslands, and coral reefs.
Portuguese

169

MARSHALL

M i c r ISLANDS
o nNorthern
eMariana
s i(to US)Islands
Caroline Islands K
Philippine Guam T u n
Sea u
a(to US)
PALAU Pohnpei Kosrae g a

MICRONESIA r

NAURU
M e l a n e s i aBismarck
New Ireland

Sea New SOLOMON Santa Cruz
Britain Solomon ISLANDS Islands

ASIA PAPUA NEW Sea VANUATU
GUINEA

Great Coral

Gulf of Barrier Sea New Caledonia
Carpentaria (to France)
Reef
Joseph Arnhem
Bonaparte Land

Gulf QUEENSLAND

Timor Tanami A U S T R A L I A g

Desert n

Sea Great Sandy i
Desert
N NORTHERN Simpson d
N TERRITORY Desert
vi
Lake Eyre e

i
g

O ICNEDA I A Darling D
n

North NEW SOUTH t
WALES a

Gibson SOUTH a
Desert AUSTRALIA R

Lake e
Torrens
r AUSTRALIA
CAPITAL
Murray G
TERRITORY
WESTERN Great Victoria
Hamersley RangAeUSTRALIA Plain VICTORIA
Desert ait
Nullarbor Great Bass Str Ta s m a n
Sea
Tasmania
Australian
TASMANIA
Bight

PACIFIC OCEAN

Kingman Reef Teraina
(to US)
Line
Palmyra Atoll
(to US)

I

IRIBATI u Islands
rales
Phoenix Islands Starbuck Island
slands
Penrhyn Millennium Marquesas
Island Islands
Northern Cook
TUVALU Tokelau Islands Flint Island Tuamot
(to NZ)

Wallis and SAMOA Manihiki
Futuna
American Cook e
(to France) Samoa Islands s
(to US) ia
(to NZ) French
Vanua Levu
Viti Levu Niue Polynesia
(to NZ)
FIJI Îles (to France)
TONGA
Aust

PACIFIC n
OCEAN y
Po l

North 0 500 km N
Island
0 500 miles
NEW (approximate scale)
ZEALAND

South
Island

AUSTRALIA
AND OCEANIA

Australia Bathurst
Flying doctors Island
Medics take to the skies in light
aircraft to provide emergency Darwin
care to people living in remote
regions of the Outback. Timor Sea

Kimberley

Plateau

Broome

O CEAN Port Hedland Great Sandy Desert

Shark Bay Karratha Gibson Uluru
Exmouth Hamersley Range Desert (Ayers Rock)

Barlee Range 863 m
(2,831 ft)

Paradise for beachgoers INDIAN Denham WESTERN MRuansggreasve
Millions of surfers flock to the Gold Coast and Kalbarri AUSTRALIA
Geraldton Great Victoria Desert
Sunshine Coast in the east to ride the waves.
Kalgoorlie Nullarbor Plain
Road train
Long trucks called “road trains” Perth
haul supplies vast distances Fremantle
across Australia. Some Mandurah
measure more than
164 ft (50 m) long. Busselton

Albany Great Australian
Bight

Sacred rock Indigenous art
At the heart of Australia, near the remote town of
Alice Springs, lies Uluru, an ancient sandstone rock For centuries, Aboriginal artists have
sacred to the Aboriginal people. During sunrise and painted elements from their sacred
sunset, the sunlight gives it a reddish glow.
tales called dreamtime stories. The
artist June Smith stands in front of
her work Flowers After the Rain.

Australia is the biggest island on Earth. 2,988,901 sq miles
Situated in the southern hemisphere, it is the (7,741,220 sq km)
largest nation in Oceania and the world’s 25.5 million
sixth-largest country. Much of Australia is Canberra
desert, so people live in coastal towns and English, other
cities. The hot, dry areas in the interior are languages (+6)
known as the Outback.

172

0 200 400km

0 200 400miles
(approximate scale)
N
Great
Arnhem Gulf of Cape
Land Carpentaria York Australia and Oceania
Peninsula
Katherine
Great Barrier Reef
Barkly Wellesley Barrier The world’s largest coral reef lies in the Coral Sea
Islands
NORTHERN off Australia’s northeastern coast. More than
Tabl Cairns 1,500 species of fish are found in its waters.

TERRITORY eland RGarneggeo r y Coral Bouncing “roos”
Sea Australia is home to
Mount Isa Townsville R millions of kangaroos.
Rockhampton Their powerful legs
e help them leap up to 30 ft
(9 m) in a single hop and
ac d o n n e l l ef reach a top speed of
R a n g e s
M Great P 44 mph (71 km/h).

Alice Springs QUEENSLAND Dividing A
O

Simpson C
Desert C

I
E

Windorah F
A
SOUTH
AUSTRALIA Range IC
N
Lake Fraser
Eyre Island

Gulf Lake Brisbane
Flinders RangesTorrens
Darling River Gold Coast

Broken Hill ding
Range
Whyalla NEW SOUTH Armidale

Port Lincoln Murray River WALES Dubbo Eucalyptus forests
About three-quarters of
ISpencer Adelaide Orange at Divi Newcastle Australia’s forests are made
Wagga Wagga up of eucalyptuses, tough
Gre Sydney trees able to survive the hot,
Murray River dry Australian summers.
Kangaroo VICTORIA CANBERRA
Island Bendigo

N Wangaratta The design of the roofs
O D Portland Au sAtrlaplsian
C E AI A N Melbourne Mount mirror the sails of ships Sydney Opera House
Kosciuszko
2,228 m in the harbor. One of Australia’s most famous
(7,310 ft)
buildings is the Opera House at Sydney
N
King Bass Strait Harbour. Concerts and shows have been
Island
staged here since it opened in 1973.
Venomous snakes
Tasmania

Three species of taipan,

including this inland taipan, TASMANIA

are native to Australia. They are Hobart
highly venomous.

Geography: The central Culture: Australians enjoy Wildlife: Marsupials (animals 173
desert region is edged by adventures in the great that raise young in pouches),
grasslands, rain forests, outdoors and the water and such as kangaroos and koalas,
mountains, and beaches. are a great sporting nation. are unique to Australia.
History: The indigenous Natural wonders: The Food and drink: Australian food
Australian Aboriginals were dramatic landscape ranges is as multicultural as its people,
the first people to arrive and settle in from the Great Barrier Reef to with a mix of local, Asian, and
Australia more than 50,000 years ago. the Great Dividing Range. Mediterranean dishes.

Papua New Guinea

Australia and Oceania Staple crop Flamboyant feathers
Taro is a starchy root vegetable The eye-catching Raggiana
INDONESIA eaten in many Papua New Guinea
dishes. It has been cultivated on bird of paradise is found
the islands for thousands of years. widely in the nation’s

rain forests. It appears on
the country’s national flag.

Vanimo Manus
Island

Lorengau

Wewak Bisma r k Archipel Kavieng
B ismarck
Sepik Ramu Mount Wilhelm ago
4,509 m Sea New Ireland
C e n t r a l R a nWgaebag (14,793 ft)

Madang Rabaul 0 100 km

Kiunga Mendi Mount Goroka Vittaz Kimbe Hoskins 0 100 miles
Lake Hagen Lae Strait (approximate scale)
Murray Buka
Bougainville
New Guinea New Britain Island

Fly The island of Bougainville Arawa

Weam Kerema Solomon is home to Bagana, the most
Daru Sea
Gulf of Owen active volcano in the country. SOILSOLMANODNS
Torres Strait Papua S t Popondetta
Kiriwina
PORT anley D’EIsnltare Islands
MORESBY Abau Alotau
Range Tree kangaroo

casntdesaux Deep in Papua New

Woodlark Guinea’s rain forests
Island
live tree kangaroos.

These skilled climbers

Mud masks Coral Tagula spend most of
To scare away enemies, the Island their time on trees,
S e
tradition of the Asaro people of N a eating leaves
the eastern highlands is to wear and fruit.

monster masks made of clay.

Sacred architecture Colorful mosaics decorate
the tall, sweeping facade.
The National Parliament building
in Port Moresby is built in the 178,703 sq miles
style of a Haus Tambaran, (462,840 sq km)
a traditional sacred 7.2 million
meeting house. Port Moresby
Tok Pisin, other
languages (+800)

Papua New Guinea is a collection
of 600 tropical islands. Most
people live in rural villages,
many of which have their own
distinct ways of life.

174

This ornate, hand-painted New Zealand
wooden carving of Tangaroa,
the Māori god of the sea, is Dairy farming
on display in Auckland.
New Zealand is one

of the world’s biggest

dairy producers.

Millions of cows graze

in pastures across

Kaitaia the country.

Whangarei Beloved bird
Native to New Zealand,
Great Barrier
Island

Extreme sports Auckland the flightless kiwi
Thrill seekers can enjoy bird is the unofficial

a variety of extreme sports in national symbol.
the great outdoors. These include
PNHleyawmmoilutothnTTLaaauukpreoangTaauRpoauotkourPmBulaaeayrnaotyfRangGeisbornINse orth N
skydiving, white-water rafting, land
and bungee jumping.

Fiordla 0 100 km Rangitikei Napier
Hastings
am0 100 miles Wanganui
na Palmerston North
(approximate scale) Tasman
RsBay
a S e Cook
Nelson Lower Hutt The team performs the
Māori carvings T
The Māori are Polynesian Blenheim WELLINGTON ceremonial Māori dance
Strait called the haka before the

settlers who first arrived Aoraki Greymouth start of every game.

in New Zealand in the (Mount Cook) A l ps Hanmer N
14th century. Their carvings 3,724 m Springs A
Waipara E
are treasured artifacts. (12,218 ft) Pegasus C
Bay O
Milford Sound outher n Christchurch
IFI
nd S Queenstown itaki Timaru C

Wa South
Island C
Oamaru PA

Gore Dunedin New Zealand All Blacks
Invercargill
The country’s national sport is rugby. The
Stewart Milford Sound
Island Mountains and rain forest surround national team, known as the All Blacks, has
won the rugby union World Cup three times.
this fjord (deep sea inlet) in South

Island. Dolphins and seals

swim in its waters.

103,798 sq miles Two islands in the Pacific Ocean make
(268,838 sq km) up New Zealand. Its landscape is a mix of
4.9 million stunning coastline, active volcanoes, and
Wellington fertile farmland. There are 30 million sheep
English, Māori here—which far outnumber the people.

175

Palau Marshall Nauru

Palau is a nation of more than 300 Islands This rocky island nation has to
islands in the western Pacific Ocean. import most of its food, water,
Many Palauans make a living from Just north of the equator in the and other goods from abroad.
tourism, agriculture, or fishing. Pacific Ocean, this chain of coral
atolls and more than 1,000 islets 8 sq miles
177 sq miles (459 sq km) teems with marine life. (21 sq km)
21,700 11,000
Ngerulmud 70 sq miles (181 sq km) Yaren
Palauan, English, other 77,900 Nauruan, Kiribati,
languages (+4) Majuro other languages (+3)
Marshallese, English, other
Built in 1890, Airai Bai languages (+2) Nauruan Itte Detenamo is
is a traditional Palauan an international medal-
Copra (dried winning weight lifter.
men’s meeting house. coconut kernel)
and coconut oil N
Federated are exported by
States of the islands.
Micronesia
Bikini MARSHALL Ratak
The 600 islands of this tropical Atoll ISLANDS
country fall into two types: forested Chain
volcanic islands and coral Mic Ralik MAJURO
atolls. Many Micronesians make Northern Mariana ATOLL
a living from fishing. Islands PALIKIR r o Cnh a
(to US) I n ds in TARAWA
271 sq miles (702 sq km) Sea s l a Kosrae
102,450 P h i l i p p i n eYap Pohnpei e sATOi LL
Palikir
Trukese, other languages (+4) NGERULMUD r o l i n e Chuuk Mortlock YAREN a
Babeldaob Islands
Spicy peppercorns C a M I CRO A NAURU
are grown on the PALAU NESI
island of Pohnpei. n esia
e l a SOLOMON
176 M
Bougainville ISLANDS Santa Cruz
Islands
Island Solomon Islands
HONIARA San
PAPUA New Georgia Cristobal
NEW GUINEA Islands Espiritu
Rennell Santo

Solomon Islands

Most people in the lush, tropical
Solomon Islands live in rural
villages. Like many other South
Pacific nations, this country has
many volcanoes and often
experiences earthquakes
and cyclones.

Solomon Island

bands play traditional

11,157 sq miles music on bamboo
(28,896 sq km) instruments.

685,100

Honiara

English, Pidgin English,
other languages (+121)

Tuvalu Kiribati

White terns inhabit The 33 islands of Kiribati are
the Tuvalu islands. low-lying, making them at risk of
floods due to rising sea levels
Tuvalu is made up of nine tiny caused by climate change.
Pacific Islands. Around half of the
population lives in Funafuti, where 313 sq miles (811 sq km)
the government is based. 111,800
Tarawa
10 sq miles (26 sq km) English, Kiribati
11,350
Funafuti Lava-lava—pieces of cloth wrapped
Tuvaluan, Kiribati, English around the waist like a sarong—are

worn on Kiribati and other
South Pacific islands.
Australia and Oceania
P A C I FI C T(eCrhariinsatmaKsirIist(TliFmaaanbandutn)iairnegaLInsliannd)e 0 500 km Samoa
O C E A IslandsN 0 500 miles
Group KIRIB (approximate scale) While most Samoans are farmers,
tourism is a growing industry as
ATI vacationers are drawn to the island’s
white-sand beaches.
Tungaru Phoenix Islands Malden Island
Rawaki Starbuck Island 1,093 sq miles (2,831 sq km)
203,800
K I R I B A T I Orona Millennium Apia
Nanumea TUVALU Island Samoan, English
FUNAFUTI ATOLL Cook Flint Island (Caroline
Island) A fautasi is a
Wallis and Samoan Islands Samoan longboat.
Futuna Islands a French
APIA American (to NZ) i
(to France) Samoa es Polynesia
SAMOA (to US) Pol (to France)

Vanua Levu Lau n

VANUATU SUVA y
Viti
Efate Levu NUKU'ALOFA

PORT-VILA FIJI
Erromango
Tanna TONGA OCEAN

PACIFIC

Vanuatu Fiji Tonga

The 80 small islands of Vanuatu are Rugby is This nation of 170 mostly
largely mountainous and covered a popular uninhabited islands is a monarchy.
by rain forests. The islands have sport in Fiji. Its main crops include bananas,
nine active volcanoes. squash, and vanilla beans.
There are more than 300 islands
4,706 sq miles (12,189 sq km) in Fiji. Tourism and sugar are the 288 sq miles
298,350 nation’s major industries. Most of (747 sq km)
Port-Vila the population lives on the two main 106,100
Bislama, English, French, islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. Nuku’alofa
other local languages English,
7,055 sq miles (18,274 sq km) Tongan
Vanuatu’s Mt. Yasur volcano 936,000
stands 1,184 ft (361 m) tall. Suva
Fijian, English, other
languages (+4) This Tongan hook is
used to hang food
away from rats.

177

Antarctica
Official flag
Polar regions Antarctica is governed by many countries South South Amundsen-Scott Station
under the Antarctica Treaty System. Member Georgia Sandwich This US base, at the South Pole, is one of many
countries agreed on a flag in 2002, which Islands
features the continent’s map in white. Scotia Sea permanent scientific research stations on the
SOUTHERN continent. In the summer, there are up
South Shetland South OCEAN to 4,000 researchers in Antarctica.
Islands Orkney
Islands Enderby
Alexander Land
IslandAntarcti Weddell
Sea Kemp
c PPaelninsul Coats Dronning Maud Land
Berkner Land Land
Island
a
mer Land Ronne
Ice Shelf

Bellingshausen Vinson Massif Amundsen-Scott South Princess Mackenzie
Sea 4,892 m (16,050 ft) Pole Station Elizabeth Bay
Ellsworth
Land West t i c M o u nVtiactionrsia Land Land
Tran South Davis Sea
Antarctica s Pole East
a n arc Antarctica
Mar ie Byrd Land t

Amundsen
Sea

The blue background of the Ross Ice Wilkes First to the Pole
map represents neutrality. Shelf Land In a grueling race to be the first
person ever to reach the South
5,500,000 sq miles Mount Erebus Terre Pole, in 1911, Norwegian explorer
(14,200,000 sq km) 3,794 m Adélie Roald Amundsen (above) beat
No permanent residents British explorer Robert F. Scott.
None (12,448 ft) George V
No known language Land
Ross
Sea

0 600 km

0 600 miles
(approximate scale)

Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and Mount Erebus
windiest continent on Earth. This This is the world’s
vast frozen landmass contains southernmost active volcano.
90 percent of the world’s ice. It is It stands 12,448 ft (3,794 m)
surrounded by the Southern Ocean. above sea level and has a
boiling lava lake at the top.

Penguin colony

About half a million emperor
penguins—the biggest and
tallest species of penguin—
live in Antarctica. They
gather in huge colonies to
breed and raise chicks and
walk long distances across
178 the ice to feed from the sea.

Arctic tern The Arctic
These birds have the longest migration
of any animal in the world. Every year, Yu’pik people
they fly about 50,000 miles (80,000 km) The Arctic is home to many indigenous
from the Arctic to Antarctica and back.
peoples, such as the Yu’pik of Siberia
and Alaska, who travel on snowshoes

and use animal furs for clothing.

Bering
Sea
las k a
A
(US A )

DA Chukchi R Arctic Circ
Sea
ArCcticACirclNe A U
Siberia

le S S

Laptev I
Sea
ARCTIC A
The Arctic Ocean
Hudson North Severnaya is the world’s smallest
Bay Pole Zemlya ocean, surrounded by
snowy landmasses.
Northern Lights Cathedral Ba n OCEAN Kara
This spiral-topped cathedral Bay Sea 0 800 km
in the town of Alta, Norway, Global Seed 0 800 miles
takes its name from the lights Greenland Vault (approximate scale)
in the sky that can be seen in
the far north. Davis Svalbard
Strait
ATLANTIC Greenland Barents
Sea Alta Sea

O C E A N ICELAND NorwegianSNWOERDWEANY FINLAND
Water-resistant fur Sea

keeps the bear warm

in the freezing Arctic.

Hardy plants Arctic whales
Lichen, moss, and other A type of whale, narwhals
tough plants, such as these are recognized by their up to
Arctic poppies, thrive in the 10 ft (3 m) long single tusks.
They swim in Arctic waters
light, short Arctic summer all year round and can reach
when the sun does not set. depths of 1 mile (1.5 km).

Polar bears Global Seed Vault
Polar bears, the largest creatures To safeguard against any food
in the Arctic, spend most of their crops becoming extinct, a vault inside
lives on sea ice. Melting ice, due a mountain in the Svalbard Islands
of Norway contains millions of seeds
to a rise in global temperatures, from different crops. The Vault is
is shrinking their habitat. preserved by permafrost and rock.

5,600,000 sq miles
(14,500,000 sq km)
4 million
None
Indigenous
languages (+40),
other languages (+7)

The northernmost regions of North
America, Russia, and Europe lie
within the Arctic Circle. Cold, treeless
tundra cover the land, while the
icy Arctic Ocean has the
North Pole in its center.

REFERENCE

Overseas Territories

Some territories around the world belong to countries to keep strong trade connections, economic support, Reference
that lie far away from them geographically. Many of or military protection from the country they are linked
these overseas lands were once part of past colonial to. A number of overseas territories are uninhabited
empires. Some now have their own local governments, islands. The UK administers the most overseas lands,
but many have decided against independence in order followed by France, the US, and the Netherlands.

Australia Coral Sea Islands France 181

Ashmore and Cartier Islands Population: 0 Clipperton Island
Area: 1 sq mile (3 sq km)
Population: 0 On the edge of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, Population: 0
Area: 2 sq miles (5 sq km) these tiny isles are visited by seabirds. Area: 2.5 sq miles (6 sq km)
Lying about 199 miles (320 km) northwest This remote island in the east Pacific Ocean
of Australia, this territory consists of four Heard and McDonald Islands takes its name from the 18th-century English
uninhabited coral reef islets. The first pirate John Clipper, who is said to have
Europeans to discover them were British Population: 0 hidden here. At its center is a large, nutrient-
Captain Nash, aboard his ship Cartier in 1800, Area: 159 sq miles (412 sq km) rich lagoon with an abundance of plant life.
and Captain Samuel Ashmore, in 1811. This territory in the southern Indian Ocean is
about 1,050 miles (1,700 km) from Antarctica. French Guiana
Christmas Island The volcanic islands are a haven for wildlife.
Population: 290,000
Population: 2,200 Norfolk Island Area: 35,135 sq miles
Area: 52 sq miles (135 sq km) (91,000 sq km)
This island in the Indian Ocean was named, Population: 1,800
on Christmas Day, 1643, by a British sea Area: 14 sq miles (36 sq km) On the northeast coast of South America is
captain. Flying Fish Cove is its main settlement Lying 994 miles (1,600 km) northeast of Sydney, French Guiana, a region that is 90 percent
and port, where most islanders live. Australia, Norfolk Island was formerly a prison dense jungle. Most people live in its largest
colony for convicts exiled from the UK. city, Cayenne, or other towns on the coast.
Thousands of red crabs migrate from
Christmas Island to the ocean each year. Denmark French Polynesia

Cocos Islands Faroe Islands Population: 295,100
Area: 1,609 sq miles (4,167 sq km)
Population: 600 Population: 51,600 With 118 islands spanning the five archipelagos
Area: 5.5 sq miles (14 sq km) Area: 538 sq miles (1,393 sq km) of Austral, Gambier, Marquesas, Society, and
Two of the 27 tiny Cocos Islands in the Indian The Faroe Islands are 18 rugged, volcanic isles Tuamotu in the South Pacific, French Polynesia
Ocean are inhabited. They are centers for in the North Atlantic Ocean. Viking warriors is rich in beaches, lagoons, and waterfalls. The
fishing, snorkeling, and bird-watching. once lived on them, around 1,200 years ago. largest island is mountainous Tahiti.

Greenland French Southern
and Antarctic Lands
Population: 57,600
Area: 836,300 sq miles Population: 0
(2,166,000 sq km) Area: 169,800 sq miles
Greenland is the world’s largest island that (439,781 sq km)
is not a country. Two-thirds of the territory These remote, rugged islands lie in the
lies in the Arctic Circle. southern Indian Ocean and off the Antarctic
coast. Home to colonies of penguins and other
seabirds, some of these isles are conservation
areas with scientific research stations based
on them.

Reference Guadeloupe St. Barthélemy Curaçao

Population: 406,000 Population: 7,100 Population: 151,400
Area: 9.5 sq miles (25 sq km)
Area: 629 sq miles (1,628 sq km) Area: 171 sq miles (444 sq km)
Nicknamed St. Barts, this Caribbean
This archipelago lies within the Lesser Antilles island is a luxury holiday destination with This long, flat Caribbean island has a bustling
chain of islands in the Caribbean Sea. The two white, sandy beaches and smart hotels. coastal capital called Willemstad. The city’s
main islands of Basse-Terre and Grand-Terre historic center boasts old Dutch-style buildings.
are linked by a bridge over the Salée River.

La Soufrière volcano on St. Martin
Basse-Terre is the highest
peak in the Lesser Antilles. Population: 32,600

Area: 21 sq miles (54 sq km)

This northeast Caribbean island is a
French territory on the north side, while
the south side (Sint-Maarten) is Dutch.

Martinique St. Pierre and Miquelon Willemstad—the colorful capital
of Curaçao
Population: 376,000 Population: 5,300
Area: 436 sq miles (1,128 sq km) Area: 93.5 sq miles (242 sq km) Saba
Off the Canadian Atlantic Ocean lies an
This volcanic Caribbean island in the Lesser archipelago of eight French islands. Busy St. Population: 1,900
Antilles is some 4,400 miles (7,000 km) from Pierre is home to most of the population, while Area: 5 sq miles (13 sq km)
France. Its French heritage is seen in the style Miquelon is a quiet haven for whales and seals. The dormant volcano Mount Scenery lies
of the buildings in its capital, Fort-de-France. at the heart of this tiny rain forest island in
Wallis and Futuna the Caribbean Sea. The Saba Marine Park
Mayotte protects the island’s coral reefs and seagrass
Population: 15,900 beds from damage by fishing, diving, and
Population: 270,300 Area: 55 sq miles (142 sq km) dumped waste.
Area: 144 sq miles (374 sq km) These two small, remote volcanic islands lie in
the South Pacific Ocean. Although they are Sint-Eustatius
In the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar, governed by France, their Polynesian customs
is the Mayotte archipelago. These picturesque and communities are strong and diverse. Population: 3,000
islands have lush rain forest and mountains, Area: 8 sq miles (21 sq km)
and their coral reefs are popular with divers. The Sint-Eustatius is a small island 16 miles (26 km)
Netherlands from Saba composed of two extinct volcanoes.
New Caledonia Turtles nest on its beaches. This Caribbean
Aruba island can be hit by tropical storms.
Population: 290,000
Area: 7,172 sq miles (18,575 sq km) Population: 119,400
Area: 69 sq miles (180 sq km)
About one-quarter of the world’s reserves of
the metal nickel are found in New Caledonia, The picturesque island of Aruba lies off the
a chain of islands in the South Pacific. Venezuelan coast in the Caribbean Sea.

Réunion Bonaire Sint-Maarten

Population: 859,000 Population: 20,000 Population: 43,800
Area: 13 sq miles (34 sq km)
Area: 970 sq miles (2,512 sq km) Area: 113 sq miles (294 sq km)
Sint-Maarten is on the south side of the island

One of the world’s most active volcanoes, With its coral reefs, diverse marine life, that it shares with St. Martin (a French

Piton de la Fournaise, meaning “Peak of the and sandy beaches, the Caribbean island of territory). Its bustling capital, Philipsburg, is

182 Furnace” in French, is situated on this island. Bonaire is popular with divers and snorkelers. popular with tourists on passing cruise ships.

New Jan Mayen Ascension Island Reference
Zealand
Population: 0 Population: 800
Cook Islands
Area: 145 sq miles (377 sq km) Area: 35 sq miles (91 sq km)
Population: 8,600
Area: 91 sq miles (236 sq km) Between Greenland and Norway in the Atlantic Roughly halfway between Brazil and Africa in
The 15 Cook Islands are spread far and wide Ocean is the small volcanic island of Jan the Atlantic Ocean is this small volcanic island
across 772,000 sq miles (2 million sq km) of Mayen. Scientists visit this uninhabited territory once visited by celebrated British naturalist
South Pacific Ocean. The main exports of this to study the glacial terrain and stormy weather. Charles Darwin. Green Mountain is the tallest
self-governing territory are pearls and fish. peak on Ascension Island at 2,818 ft (859 m).

Niue Peter I Island Bermuda

Population: 2,000 Population: 0 Population: 71,700
Area: 100 sq miles (260 sq km) Area: 69 sq miles (180 sq km) Area: 21 sq miles (54 sq km)
Known as the “Rock of Polynesia,” Niue A 19th-century Russian explorer named this
is located 1,500 miles (2,400 km) off the volcanic island after Russian Tsar Peter I. This Known for its pinkish-sand beaches, Bermuda
coast of New Zealand. Its rugged interior uninhabited territory in the Bellingshausen Sea is made up of seven Atlantic Ocean islands
is made up of cliffs, chasms, and forests. is visited by petrels, terns, penguins, and seals. connected by bridges. It has a high number
of wrecks in its waters, caused by ships
Tokelau Svalbard hitting hidden coral reefs around its coastline.

Population: 1,600 Population: 2,900 Divers flock to the
Area: 4.5 sq miles (12 sq km) Area: 23,950 sq miles (62,045 sq km) Bermuda coast to
The three tiny coral atolls of Atafu, Fakaofo, Nine islands form this archipelago in the Arctic explore its shipwrecks.
and Nukunonu make up this territory in the Ocean north of Norway. Known for its snowy
South Pacific Ocean. Many of the population mountain peaks and glaciers, it is home
make their living by farming or fishing. to polar bears, reindeer, and Arctic foxes.

Red-footed United British Indian Ocean
boobies nest on Kingdom Territory
Pacific islands.
Anguilla Population: 0
Norway
Population: 18,100 Area: 23 sq miles (60 sq km)
Bouvet Island
Area: 35 sq miles (91 sq km) Lying in the middle of the Indian Ocean, this
Population: 0 archipelago of 58 tropical islands serves as a
Area: 19 sq miles (49 sq km) This beautiful island in the Caribbean Sea military base. Its only visitors are military staff.
Situated in the south Atlantic Ocean, Bouvet was named after the French word anguille
Island is covered in ice. It is a nature reserve for “eel” because of its long, narrow shape.
known for its penguin and seal populations. White-sand beaches and pretty islets attract
many tourists.

Sailboats race
each other during
the Anguilla
Summer Festival.

Sailing is a national sport in Anguilla. British Virgin Islands 183

Population: 37,400
Area: 58 sq miles (151 sq km)

The clear, blue waters and warm, subtropical
climate of these Caribbean islands make them
very popular with tourists.

Reference Cayman Islands Jersey South Georgia and the
South Sandwich Islands
Population: 62,000 Population: 101,000
Population: 0
Area: 102 sq miles (264 sq km) Area: 45 sq miles (116 sq km) Area: 1,506 sq miles (3,903 sq km)

The three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Lying close to the north coast of France, Jersey This group of southern Atlantic Ocean islands
Brac, and Little Cayman make up this territory in is the largest of the British Channel Islands. was claimed by British navigator James Cook
the Caribbean Sea. It is famous for its financial It is known for its historic castles, Jersey cows, in the 18th century. South Georgia is a haven
services and for being a tax-free haven. and tunnels that date from World War II. for penguins, albatrosses, and elephant seals.

Falkland Islands The 13th-century Mont Tristan da Cunha
Orgueil Castle in Jersey
Population: 3,200 Population: 260
Area: 38 sq miles (98 sq km)
Area: 4,700 sq miles (12,173 sq km)
The remote location of Tristan da Cunha
Off the coast of Argentina in the Atlantic in the Atlantic Ocean has attracted rare
Ocean, this archipelago consists of two wildlife to these six tiny islands.
main islands and 776 smaller isles.

Gibraltar Turks and Caicos Islands

Population: 30,000 Population: 55,900

Area: 2.5 sq miles (6.5 sq km) Area: 366 sq miles (948 sq km)

Gibraltar covers a tiny area on the south coast Forty tropical islands form this archipelago
of Spain. This self-governing British territory is in the Atlantic Ocean. Tourism, fishing, and
world famous for the mighty Rock of Gibraltar, financial services are important for its economy.
a limestone rock 1,398 ft (426 m) tall.

Guernsey Montserrat United
States of
Population: 67,000 Population: 5,400 America

Area: 25 sq miles (65 sq km) Area: 39 sq miles (102 sq km) American Samoa

Guernsey is the second-largest of the Named Montserrat by explorer Christopher
Channel Islands in the English Channel. Columbus in 1493, this Caribbean island has
It has thousands of Guernsey cows been an English territory since the 17th century.
known for their creamy milk. Since 1995, eruptions from the Soufrière Hills
volcano have forced many islanders to leave.

Isle of Man Pitcairn Islands Population: 49,400
Area: 86 sq miles (224 sq km)
Population: 90,500 Population: 50
Area: 18 sq miles (47 sq km) These islands were formed relatively
Area: 221 sq miles (572 sq km) In 1789, British sailors on board the HMS recently—within the last seven million
Bounty staged a mutiny and settled on years—by volcanic activity.
In the Irish Sea off the northwest coast of the remote, mid-Pacific Pitcairn Island.
England lies the rugged Isle of Man. This hilly By 1838, Pitcairn and three surrounding
island hosts the world-famous Tourist Trophy islands had become a British territory.
(TT) motorcycle races every year.
St. Helena
The TT courses are famous
for being hazardous. Population: 6,000
Area: 47 sq miles (122 sq km)

This volcanic island in the south Atlantic

Ocean is rich in wildlife. French military

commander Napoleon Bonaparte was in

exile on St. Helena for six years until his

184 death in 1821. Pink coral, American Samoa

Baker and Howland Islands Kingman Reef Puerto Rico Reference

Population: 0 Population: 0 Population: 3.2 million
Area: 0.5 sq miles (1.4 sq km) Area: 3,515 sq miles (9,104 sq km)
The two tiny Pacific islands of Baker and Area: 0.4 sq miles (1 sq km)
Howland are surrounded by coral reefs. This vibrant island in the Caribbean Sea has
Uninhabited, they are a refuge for marine This spectacular, submerged coral reef in the both mountains and tropical forests. With a
life, including endangered sea turtles. north Pacific Ocean is protected. More than diverse population, its culture includes a mix
200 fish species thrive here, including eels, rays, of Spanish, US, and Afro-Caribbean traditions.
Guam and sharks. It is also home to giant clams.

Population: 168,500 Midway Islands Ponce Carnival is an annual
Area: 210 sq celebration in Puerto Rico.
miles (544 sq km) Population: 0
This tropical island
in the western Area: 5.2 sq km (2 sq miles)
Pacific Ocean
is the site of Named by the US Navy for its central location
important US between California and Japan, Midway
military bases. Islands form a small coral atoll in the Pacific
Its indigenous Ocean. Its three islands support all sorts of
people are called nesting birds, including millions of albatrosses.
the Chamorro.
Navassa Island Virgin Islands
Chamorro-
style dancing Population: 0 Population: 104,000
Area: 2 sq miles (5.2 sq km) Area: 137 sq miles (355 sq km)
Jarvis Island Preserved as a wildlife sanctuary since 1999,
Navassa is a tiny US territory in the Caribbean The Virgin Islands are part of a picturesque
Population: 0 Sea. The landscape of limestone rock and archipelago east of Puerto Rico. Their
Area: 1.5 sq miles (4.5 sq km) craggy coastline provides an ideal habitat subtropical climate, white sands, and blue
A tiny, flat island in the Pacific Ocean, for native lizards and nesting sea birds. waters attract many visitors. These islands are
Jarvis brought the US riches in the 19th sometimes hit by powerful hurricanes, including
century thanks to guano (bird droppings), Northern Mariana Islands highly destructive Hurricane Irma in 2017.
a valuable source of fertilizer. Today,
Jarvis is a nature reserve. Population: 57,000 Wake Island
Area: 184 sq miles (477 sq km)
Population: 0
Totaling 22 islands in the Pacific Ocean, the Area: 2.5 sq miles (6.5 sq km)
self-governed Northern Mariana Islands have
active volcanoes and fringing coral reefs. This former World War II battleground is a tiny
US territory in the Pacific Ocean made up of
Palmyra Atoll three coral islets over an underwater volcano.
The public cannot visit them, but they have an
Population: 0 emergency landing strip for military aircraft.
Area: 5 sq miles (12 sq km)

The Palmyra Atoll in the Pacific Ocean is
a protected area. Scientists visit it to study
its landscape, wildlife, and climate.

Johnston Atoll An aerial view of Palmyra Atoll 185

Population: 0

Area: 1 sq mile (2.6 sq km)

Four islands form this atoll in the central Pacific
Ocean. North and East islands were created
artificially by dredging. An uninhabited
nature refuge, this atoll is an oasis for
reef and bird life.

Glossary

Glossary alpine bonsai communism
Of or relating to high A Japanese art form of A system by which all
mountain areas. growing miniature trees and property and industry is is native to a particular area and
shrubs in pots using a special owned by the government. found nowhere else.
amphitheater pruning technique. Wealth and resources are
An oval-shaped, open-air evenly distributed among ethnicity
arena, usually where public calligraphy the state’s citizens. The language, culture, and beliefs
events take place. The art of elegant or of a particular group of people.
decorative handwriting. constitution
ancestor A set of laws that describes the exports
An earlier person, animal, or casino basic rights and duties of all The sale of goods and services
object from the past of someone A space where gambling citizens. A constitution also to other countries.
or something existing today. games are played. determines how a country
should be governed. extinction
annex cease-fire When all the members of
To take over territory that An agreement to suspend currency a species die out.
belongs to another country. fighting, usually to discuss Anything that is widely
terms of peace. accepted as money in a fado music
archipelago particular country. A Portuguese style of singing in
A group of islands. chateau which the vocalist laments the
A large castle or stately home delta hardships of daily life.
arid in France. A flat area, sometimes
Describes an area with little triangular in shape, that fjord
or no rainfall. city-state forms from the settling of A long, thin body of water that
A city that is self-governing silt and sand at the mouth extends inland from the sea, often
atoll and does not belong to of a river. between high cliffs.
A ring-shaped coral reef that another country or state.
surrounds an area of shallow democracy folklore
water, such as a lagoon. civilization A system of government in The customs, traditions, and
A group of people who share which people choose their stories of a community passed
the same society, culture, and leaders through elections. down through generations,
way of life. usually by word of mouth.
diverse
climate Describes a population of glacial lake
The average weather patterns people that includes many A lake formed when a glacier
different races, cultures, erodes the land and then melts,
of a particular area over a societies, and religions. filling in the cavity left behind
long period of time. by the glacier.
dynasty
coastline A ruling family whose power Gothic
An area where land passes from one generation Describes a style of architecture
and ocean meet. to the next. used in western Europe between
the 12th and 16th centuries.
colonialism empire
A system by which A group of countries or Hangul
one country takes territories ruled by a single The Korean alphabet.
political control of monarch or government.
another country, and harbor
exploits its resources endangered A place where ships may moor
for financial or A species with a low safely, usually due to the presence
economic gain. population that is at risk of piers, jetties, and other
of becoming extinct. human-made structures.
colony
An area that is ruled by endemic
another country. A plant or animal species that

imperial Ottoman Empire Desert and which stretches territory
Of or relating to an empire. An empire that was founded from the Atlantic Ocean to An area of land that belongs to
in Anatolia (modern-day the Red Sea. a ruler or state.
imports Turkey) in the 13th century.
Goods bought in from It controlled much of western sarong textile
another country. Asia, southeastern Europe, A long piece of cloth wrapped A piece of cloth or woven fabric.
and northern Africa from around the body and tucked
independence the 14th to 20th centuries. in at the waist. tropical
The liberation of a country, state, Of or in relation to the area
or society, which then becomes peninsula savanna near the Equator.
self-governing. A piece of land that is An area of grassland that
connected to the mainland has few trees. tundra
indigenous but that is almost entirely The cold, treeless areas
Native to a particular place. surrounded by water. sea level around the North and South
The level of the sea’s surface in Pole, where the ground is frozen
irrigation permafrost relation to other geographical for most of the year.
The method of supplying land Frozen ground found beneath features such as hills.
with extra water by means of the surface in polar regions. volcanic beach
channels, pipes, or canals. souk The beach on a volcanic island,
Polynesia An Arab marketplace. where deposits of dark volcanic
islet An area in the central Pacific minerals and rocks are common.
A small island. Ocean that includes many Soviet Union
islands, such as Hawaii, Officially called the Union of
lagoon Samoa, and New Zealand. Soviet Socialist Republics, or
An area of shallow water that USSR. It was a collection of
has been cut off from the sea. province 15 federal socialist republics
A large section of a country in what is now Russia and
landlocked that may have its own parts of eastern Europe and
An area of land (or water) that is administration or government. central Asia and which
completely surrounded by land. disbanded in 1991.
regatta
marine A sporting event that involves tapioca
Of or relating to the sea. boat and yacht races. A starch extracted from
the cassava plant and
marsupial reggae which is used as a food
A type of mammal whose females A style of music that originated thickening agent,
carry their young in pouches. in Jamaica in the 1960s. especially
for puddings.
medieval relic
From or relating to the Middle An ancient object. terraces
Ages, a time in history that A series of flat areas built
lasted from 600 to 1500 ce. Renaissance into a slope-like steps,
A period of European history used for growing crops.
minaret from the 14th to 16th centuries,
A tall, thin tower that is part during which an interest in the
of a mosque. arts and learning was renewed.

monarchy republic
A form of government ruled A form of government in which
by a king or queen. the supreme power lies with
the people and their elected
oasis representatives.
A place in a dry area where there
is water, and plants can grow. rift (geology)
A widening crack caused by
rocks pulling apart. 187

Sahel region
A semiarid region in
northern Africa located
directly south of the Sahara

Index Index

A Asia 7, 130–131 bridges 87, 113, 115, citadels 20, 137
Atacama Desert 35 118, 157 see also castles
Afghanistan 146 Athens, Greece 122
Africa 6–7, 38–39 aurora borealis 85 British Indian Ocean climate change 50, 65, 88,
African Union, Ethiopia 48 Australia 7, 170–171, Territory 183 149
Alaska, US 6, 13
Albania 121 172–173, 181 British Virgin Islands 183 Clipperton Island 181
Alfred, Julien 23 Austria 112 Brunei 169 clothing 18, 137, 177
Algeria 40 Azerbaijan 134 Budapest, Hungary 115
aluminum 147 Bujumbura, Burundi 64 African 56, 71, 77, 79
American Samoa 184 B Bulgaria 124 Asian 143, 165, 169
Amman, Jordan 137 Burkina Faso 55 European 108, 115, 124
amphitheaters 106, 117, 121 Bahamas, The 19 Burundi 64 Cocos Islands 181
amusement parks 87 Bahrain 141 butterflies 14, 34, 52, 123 coffee 17, 33, 98
ancient civilizations 14, Baker and Howland Colombia 30
C Comoros 79
15, 16, 34, 42, 43, 120, Islands 185 Conakry, Guinea 53
122, 123 137, 138, Bangladesh 152 caimans 37 Congo 62
139, 148 Barbados 24 Cairo, Egypt 42 Cook Islands 183
ancient ruins 16, 106, 122, bats 69 Cambodia 155 copper 120
133, 137, 138 beaches 24, 172 camels 41, 46, 49 coral reefs 166, 173
Andorra 105 Cameroon 61 Coral Sea Islands 181
Angola 68 African 46, 56, 73, 78 Canada 10–11 Costa Rica 17
Anguilla 183 Asian 132, 156 canals 18, 43, 96, Côte d’Azur, France 99
Antarctica 7, 178 European 101, 102 crabs 21
antelopes 62, 140 bears 12, 114, 160, 179 107, 143 crafts 56, 113, 114, 144
Antigua and Barbuda 23 beavers 10 Cape Town, South Africa baskets 22, 48, 67, 69,
architecture Beethoven, Ludwig von 94
African 55, 57, 68, 73, 78 Belarus 127 74 155
Asian 144, 147, 167, 168 Belgium 97 Cape Verde 50 carvings 49, 54, 61, 88
Middle Eastern 133, Belize 15 capybara 28 dolls 70, 128
134, 139, 141, 142 Benin 57 carnivals see festivals Japanese 164, 165
Australian and Oceanian Berlin, Germany 95 castles 20, 22, 100, 143 textiles 37, 44, 76, 133
173, 174, 176 Bermuda 183 see also markets
Eastern European 90, Bern, Switzerland 110 Eastern European 91, Croatia 117
91, 114, 119 Bhutan 153 93, 120, 125, 127 Cuba 18–19
South American 28, 31 birds 174, 175, 179 Curaçao 182
Western European 86, African 51, 55, 62, 66, Western European 82, Cyprus 120
87, 97, 99, 103, 107, 94, 103, 104, 109 Czechia (Czech Republic)
108, 112 68, 79
see also cathedrals; Asian 138, 141, 145, caterpillars 71 113
churches; palaces cathedrals 32, 46, 135
Arctic, The 179 166 D
Argentina 36 Central American 16, European 93, 126, 128,
Armenia 135 179 da Vinci, Leonardo 107
19, 23 dance
European 85, 91, 92, see also churches
cats 120 African 44, 47, 49
117, 125 Cayman Islands 184 Asian 133, 150, 155, 156,
South American 29, 33 Central African Republic
bison 92
62
Chad 46
chameleons 58, 64, 77 158
art 87, 89, 99, 108, 125, 175 Black Forest, Germany 94 Channel Islands, UK 82 Central and South
artists 15, 96, 98, 172 Bolivar, Simón 34 cheese 107 American 16, 28, 36
pottery 123, 163
prehistoric 22, 41, 46 Bolivia 34 cheetahs 70 European 84, 100, 107,
Bolt, Usain 20 Chile 35 129
sculpture 52, 58, 68, 83, Bonaire 182 China 160–161 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
98, 106, 138 bonobo apes 63 chocolate 28, 60, 97, 110 66
see also crafts Bosnia and Herzegovina Christmas Island 181 Dead Sea 137
Aruba 182 118 churches 28, 54, 85, 86, deer 126, 169
Ascension Island 183 Botswana 72 90, 100, 105, 108 Degas, Edgar 98
Ashmore and Cartier Bouvet Island 183 see also cathedrals Democratic Republic of the
Islands 181 Brazil 32–33 Circus Zambia 69 Congo (DRC) 63
188

Denmark 87, 181 Caribbean 21, 22, 25 Guinea 53 kangaroos 173, 174 Index
deserts 35, 42, 47, 70, 72, European 84, 91, 96, Guinea-Bissau 53 Kazakhstan 145
Guyana 29 Kenya 67
141, 144, 159 109, 114, 124 Kidjo, Angélique 57
diamonds 52, 74 food (dishes) 11, 47, 54, H Kingman Reef 185
Djibouti 49 Kingstown, St. Vincent 25
dogs 14, 89 93 Haiti 20 Kinshasa, DRC 63
Doha, Qatar 142 breads 106, 109, 144 Havana, Cuba 18 Kiribati 177
Dominica 22 meat and fish 20, 35 Hawaii, US 12 kites 166
Dominican Republic 21 Heard and McDonald Kosovo 119
Drogba, Didier 54 Asian 136, 137, 139, Kuwait 141
Dubrovnik, Croatia 117 163, 167 Islands 181 Kyrgyzstan 147
European 87, 100, 104 Helena 184
E pastries 36, 119, 132 hippopotamus 53 L
salads 123, 124 Honduras 16
earthquakes 164 soup and stew 30, 40, horses 76, 85, 88, 111, La Boca, Argentina 36
East Timor 169 50, 157 La Paz, Bolivia 34
Easter Island, Chile 35 sweets 99, 111, 120, 112, 148 Lagos, Nigeria 59
Ecuador 31 152, 160, 164 Hungary 115 lakes 17, 22, 137, 147
education 21, 57, 84, 162 fortresses see castles hygge 87
Egypt 42–43 foxes 40, 145 Africa 49, 51, 65, 71
El Salvador 16 France 98–99, 181–182 I European 86, 111, 112,
elk 10 Frank, Anne 96
energy supplies 67, 77, 95 Freetown, Sierra Leone ibex 110 124, 129
England 82–83 52 Icehotel, Sweden 88 Lakshadweep Islands, India
Equatorial Guinea 60 French Guiana 181 Iceland 85
Eritrea 46 French Polynesia 181 iguanas 19, 31 150
Estonia 90 French Southern and India 150–151 Laos 155
Eswatini 76 Antarctic Lands 181 indigenous people 11, Latvia 91
Ethiopia 48 frogs 61 Lebanon 136
Europe 6–7, 80–81 fruits 30, 42, 46, 73 14, 30, 86 lemurs 77
Asian 135, 145, 146, African 41, 45, 48, 66, Lesotho 76
F 151, 156, 158, 167 Liberia 54–55
Central American 16, 72 Libya 41
Falkland Islands 184 25 Asian 144, 147, 159 Liechtenstein 109
Faroe Islands 87, 181 European 107, 116, 122 Indonesia 166–167 lions 67
festivals insects 29, 72, 111 Lisbon, Spain 103
G butterflies 14, 34, 52, literature 44, 83, 95, 138
African 43, 59, 68 Lithuania 91
Asian 140, 148, 149, 151, Gabon 61 123 lizards 24
Gaborone, Botswana 72 Iran 139 llamas 35
154, 159 Galápagos Islands, Iraq 138 Lloyd, Sir Clive 29
New Year 152, 160– Ireland 84 London, UK 83
161 Ecuador 31 Isle of Man 184 Luanda, Angola 68
Central American 15, 19, Gambia, The 51 Israel 136 Luxembourg 104
21, 25 gates 138, 164 Italy 106–107
European 88, 101, 102, Gega, Luiza 121 Ivory Coast 54 M
111, 123 gemstones 66, 146
Eastern 90, 91, 92 Georgia 135 J Machu Picchu, Peru 34
Notting Hill Carnival Germany 94–95 Madagascar 77
82 Ghana 56 Jackson, Abeiku 56 Mahé Island, Seychelles 79
Oktoberfest 95 Gibraltar 184 Jamaica 20–21 Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
North and South glaciers 36, 85, 105 Jan Mayen 183
American 13, 14, 28, Global Seed Vault, Japan 164–165 60
32 Jarvis Island 185 Malawi 71
Fiji 177 Norway 179 Jersey 184 Malaysia 166–167
Finland 89 gold 53 Jerusalem, Israel 136 Maldives 149
fishing 62, 63, 104, 149 gorillas 65 Johnston Atoll 185 Mali 44
flamingos 67 Great Wall of China 160 Jordan 137 Malta 104
flowers 15, 36 Greece 122–123 Mandela, Nelson 74
African 40, 43, 71, 75, 78, Greenland 181 K mangroves 25, 73, 152
79 Grenada 24 markets 15, 31, 76
Arctic 179 Guadeloupe 182 Kahlo, Frida 15
Asian 152, 158, 159, 166 Guam 185 Kamara, Mariatu 52 African 57, 61
Guatemala 14 Kampala, Uganda 65 Asian 133, 134, 139, 155,
Guernsey 184
156, 169
see also crafts

189

Index Marley, Bob 20 musical instruments 61, 84 P–Q Santorini Island, Greece 123
Marshall Islands 176 drums 51, 56, 63, 64, São Tomé and Príncipe 60
martens 105 146, 167 Pakistan 148 Sarajevo, Bosnia and
martial arts 33, 119, 135, stringed 12, 19, 37, palaces 64, 68, 98, 100,
126, 159 Herzegovina 118
156, 163, 166 wind 83, 114, 151, 176 108, 169 Saudi Arabia 140
Martínez, Dennis 17 Palau 176 scientific research 110, 178
Martinique 182 Mutola, Maria 73 Palmyra Atoll 185 Scotland 83
Mauritania 45 Myanmar 154 Panama 18 sea lions 37
Mauritius 78 pangolins 68 Sejong the Great 163
Mayotte 182 N Papua New Guinea 174 Senegal 50–51
Mecca, Saudi Arabia 140 Paraguay 37 Serbia 116
media 58 Namibia 70 pearls 141 Seychelles 78–79
meerkats 72 national parks penguins 178 Seymali, Noura Mint 45
Menchú, Rigoberta 14 Peru 34 Shanghai, China 161
mermaids 92 Africa 47, 61, 75 Peter I Island 183 sharks 49
Messi, Lionel 36 Asian 156, 167 Petra, Jordan 137 Sierra Leone 52
Mexico 14–15 European 93, 116, 117, Philippines 158 silver 57
Micronesia, Federated Pitcairn Group of Islands Singapore 168
121, 127 sinkholes 15
States of 176 Nauru 176 184 Sint-Eustatius 182
Midway Islands 185 Navassa Island 185 Poland 92–93 Sint-Maarten 182
Mindelo, Cape Verde 50 Nepal 153 politics 55, 64, 149 Skellig Islands, Ireland 84
Minsk, Belarus 127 Netherlands, The 96, 182 Portugal 102–103 sloths 17
Mogadishu, Somalia 49 New Caledonia 182 Prague, Czechia 113 Slovakia 114
Moldova 127 New York City, US 13 Puerto Rico 185 Slovenia 111
Monaco 105 New Zealand 175, 183 puppetry 166 snails 18
monasteries 124, 125, 137, Nicaragua 17 pyramids 43, 45 snakes 32, 53, 57, 173
Nicosia, Cyprus 120 Qatar 142
153 Niger 45
Mongolia 159 Nigeria 58–59 Solomon Islands 176
monkeys 29, 30, 48, 60, Niue 183 R Somalia 49
157, 165, 169 Nobel Prize 88 South Africa 74–75
Norfolk Island 181 Red Sea 43 South America 6, 26–27
Monrovia, Liberia 54 North America 6, 8–9 reindeer 88 South Georgia and the
Monte Carlo, Monaco 105 North Atlantic Treaty Réunion 182
Montenegro 119 rice 59 South Sandwich Islands
Montserrat 184 Organization (NATO) Riga, Latvia 91 184
monuments 40, 50, 103, 106 97 Rihanna 24 South Korea 163
North Korea 162 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 33 South Sudan 47
ancient 35, 51 North Macedonia 121 rivers 30, 115 space travel 12, 128, 145,
statues 13, 16, 30, 33, 92 Northern Ireland 82 151
Morocco 40 Northern Lights 85, 179 Africa 42, 69, 72 Spain 100–101
mosaics 41, 120, 139 Northern Mariana Islands Asia 138, 140, 155 spices 24, 66, 115, 139
Moscow, Russia 128 185 Roberts, Joseph Jenkins sports 58, 96, 122, 147, 176
mosques Norway 86, 179, 183 athletics 20, 23, 67, 73, 121
African 41, 42, 44, 45, 79 Nouakchott, Mauritania 55 baseball 17, 19
Asian 132, 138, 140, 144, 45 rock formations 46, 76, combat 51, 156, 159
nuts 45, 53, 78, 176 cricket 29, 151
146, 151 82, 121 cycling 55, 98
mountains 10, 31, 34, 105, O Asian 133, 135, 136, football
American 12
114, 124, 175, 178 observatories 35 157, 158 Gaelic 84
Africa 40, 50, 65, 66 Oceania 7, 170–171 Romania 125 gymnastics 62, 125, 162
Caribbean 21, 23 oil industry 58, 140 Ronaldo, Cristiano 102 motor 69, 89, 105, 107
Caucasus 135 oils (cooking) 59, 99, Rubik’s Cube 115 rugby 75, 175, 177
Matterhorn 110 Rudisha, David 67
Mount Everest 153 Russia 128–129
Mount Fuji 164 Rwanda 64

Mount K2 148 101, 127 soccer 32, 36, 41, 42, 54,
movie industries 12, 58, Olajuwon, Hakeem 58 60, 94, 102
150 Olympic Games 122 S tennis 101, 113, 116, 161
Mozambique 73 Oman 143 Saba 182 water 55, 56, 115, 117,
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus operas 161 sailing 23, 42 119
112 orangutan 167 Salah, Mohamed 42 winter 11, 86, 109, 111,
music, styles 20, 59, 126, Ottoman Empire 132 salamander 106 112
163 overseas territories Samoa 177 see also martial arts
musicians 24, 45, 57, 134 181–185 San Marino 109 squirrels 90

190

Sri Lanka 149 Thailand 156 United Arab Emirates, wildcats 101, 137 Index
St. Barthélemy 182 Thunberg, Greta 88 The 142 wine 107, 136
St. Kitts and Nevis 22 tigers 129, 150 wolverines 86
St. Lucia 23 Tintin 97 United Kingdom 82–83, wolves 116
St. Martin 182 Togo 57 183–184 women 64
St. Petersburg, Russia 128 Tokelau 183
St. Pierre and Miquelon Tokyo, Japan 165 United States of America Y
Tonga 177 (US) 12–13, 184–185
182 Toronto, Canada 11 Yangon, Myanmar 154
St. Vincent and the tortoises 79 Uruguay 37 Yemen 143
totem poles 10 Uzbekistan 144 Yousafzai, Malala 148
Grenadines 25 transportation 20, 89,
statues 13, 16, 30, 33, 92 V Z
Stockholm, Sweden 88 126
Sudan 47 cars 18, 95, 162 Vanuatu 177 Zambia 69
sugar 19 trains and trams 73, Vatican City 108 Zhendong, Fan 161
Suleiman the Magnificent vegetables 31, 52, 174 Zimbabwe 71
118, 129, 157 Venezuela 28
132 trucks 148, 172 Victoria, Seychelles 79
Sumatra, Indonesia 167 two-wheeled 63, 106, Vietnam 157
Suriname 29 Virgin Islands 185
Svalbard 183 152 volcanoes 17, 31, 60, 63,
Swaziland 76 water 123, 151
Sweden 88 Trinidad and Tobago 134
Switzerland 110 Oceania 177, 178
Syria 134 25
Tristan de Cunha 184 W
T trolls 86
Tunisia 41 Wake Island 185
Taiwan 162 Turkey 132–133 Wales 82
Tajikistan 147 Turkmenistan 144 Wallis and Futuna 182
Tallinn, Estonia 90 Turks and Caicos Islands Warsaw, Poland 92
Tanzania 66 warthogs 73
tarsier 158 184 waterfalls 11, 61, 71, 78
tea 152, 154, 162 turtles 16
technology 89, 90, 165 Tuvalu 177 Central and South
Tel Aviv, Israel 136 America 21, 24, 28
temples 15, 122, 153, 154, U
waterwheels 134
155, 168 Uganda 65 Wenzel, Andreas 109
Ukraine 126 whales 22, 179
Uluru, Australia 172

Acknowledgments

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Shevchenko 99clb, Sibons photography 53crb, Paulette Sinclair Plus / Sergey Grishin 127tl, AFP / Ahmed Ouoba 55tl, AFP / JGolosiy 4br, 19cra, Jorgefontestad 101cr, Burak Kara 133cr,
37cla, Sport In Pictures 96tr, sean sprague 169clb, Kumar Bertrand Guay 176cra, AFP / Emmanuel Arewa 59ca, AFP / Kardd 153cla, Katiekk2 143cra, lleerogers 110crb, marchello74
Sriskandan 31bc, stockeurope 108c, Stockfolio® / Stockfolio Fethi Belaid 41cr, AFP / Hannah Peters 175crb, AFP / Hussein 33cra, marcophotos 158cla, MindStorm-inc 183clb, Murchundra
704 78cla, Tansh 5bc, 152crb, Marc Tielemans 107c, Ann and Faleh 138crb, AFP / Jack Guez 60cla, AFP / Joe Klamar 37cra, 128cb, Musat 62cla, Kylie Nicholson 143tc, R.M. Nunes 32cla,
Steve Toon 43tr, Peter Treanor 56b, Tommy Trenchard 52cra, AFP / Khaled Desouki 138cla (book), AFP / Laure Fillon 77cr, Photosensia 132cb, pittapitta 79clb, Mauro_Repossini 18cb,
UDAZKENA 47clb, Universal Images Group North America LLC / AFP / Louisa Gouliamaki 67tc, AFP / Martin Bernetti 35tl, AFP / rosn123 70cr, Stockbyte / Visage 150cl, structuresxx 153t,
DeAgostini / M. Leigheb 45cl, USFWS Photo 185br, Lucas Miguel Medina 107cb, AFP / Mohamed Abdiwahab 49bc, AFP / SzymonBartosz 92cla, TatyanaGl 108cb, tehcheesiong 167tc,
Vallecillos 144cra, Genevieve Vallee 177bl, Greg Vaughn 34bl, MOHD RASFAN 166tr, AFP / Monirul Bhuiyan 62bl, AFP / unser 100bl, urf 134crb, Urvashi9 155tl, utamaria 41tl,
Tom Wagner 104fcrb, David Wall 175ca, wanderluster 88cl, Nelson Almeida 36cla, AFP / Patricia De Melo Moreira 102bl, VUSLimited 49cla, Kirk Wester 12crb; Alexander Keda:
WaterFrame_fba 22crb, WaterFrame_jdo 183cr, Tony Watson AFP / Pius Utomi Ekpei 56cl, AFP / Reinnier Kaze 61cla, AFP / 125cra; David Kirkland: 177cr; Library of Congress,
71bl, WENN Rights Ltd 74cla, 113cla, Westend61 GmbH / Sergei Gapon 119br, AFP / Seyllou Diallo 50cla, AFP / Stefanie Washington, D.C.: LC-DIG-ppmsca-18521 55cb; The
Andreas Pacek 86cra, Ray Wilson 15cl, Jan Wlodarczyk 107cla, Glinski 47b, AFP / STR 47cra, AFP / Vano Shlamov 135tl, AFP / Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: The Crosby
121clb, World History Archive 139crb, Robert Wyatt 147cl, Xaume Olleros 53cra, AFP / Yoshikazu Tsuno 165ca, AFP / Brown Collection of Musical Instruments, 1889 63cb, Fletcher
Xinhua 151cb, Xinhua / Luka Dakskobler 111clb, Xinhua / Zoom Dosso 55br, AFP PHOTO / Juan Barreto 28bl, Alloy / Fund, 1927 163cl, Gift of Carolyn C. and Dan C. Williams,
Sergei Stepanov 90bl, Babelon Pierre-Yves 77clb, Ariadne Van Michele Falzone 23bl, Anadolu Agency / Fatemeh Bahrami 139b, 1984 14crb, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1963 139cla, The
Zandbergen 76cla, Zoonar GmbH / Sergey Mayorov 138cla; Archive Photos / Jack Vartoogian 45cra, The Asahi Shimbun Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Gift of Nelson
Avalon: Philip Enticknap 104tr, © Everett 163tl, © World 164cla, Scott Barbour 23br, 56tr, Edward Berthelot 99tc, Yann A. Rockefeller, 1965 58cla, Rogers Fund, 1950 138c; Música
Illustrated 147br; AWL Images: Matteo Colombo 1, 154bl, Arthus-Bertrand 55cra, Torsten Blackwood / AFP / © June Para Ver Collection: 146tr; NASA: Carla Cioffi 145tl;
Alan Copson 184ca, Tom Mackie 10clb, Nigel Pavitt 48tr, Smith / Copyright Agency. Licensed by DACS 2020 / © DACS naturepl.com: Bryan and Cherry Alexander 11tl, Ingo
59br; John Bradley: 177tr; Bridgeman Images: Gift of 2020 172crb, Bloomberg 168tr, Bloomberg / Simon Dawson Arndt 18c, Sylvain Cordier 32tr, Bruno D’Amicis 106crb, Suzi
the Egyptian Exploration Society 42bl, Granger 83c; © The 123tl, Bloomberg / Susana Gonzalez 17crb, 17br, Bloomberg / Eszterhas 30tr, 70cla, Daniel Heuclin 57tl, 61cra, Sebastian
Trustees of the British Museum. All rights reserved.: Vincent Mundy 126tr, Kitti Boonnitrod 43b, Paula Bronstein Kennerknecht 166cra, Pedro Narra 53cla, Naskrecki & Guyton
52crb; © CERN: 110cl; Circus Zambia: Greg Bruce Hubbard 148cla, 156cr, Corbis Documentary / Galen Rowell 178tr, Corbis 68crb, Piotr Naskrecki 29ca, Nature Production 90tl, Flip
69r; Depositphotos Inc: ajafoto 97ca, anpet2000 37bl, Documentary / Layne Kennedy 183bc, Corbis Historical / Nicklin 179cr, Cyril Ruoso 167br, David Tipling 17tl, Robert
GekaSkr 134tr, jianghongyan 174tl, lifeonwhite 58tr, mihtiander Ashley Cooper 177ftl, Corbis Historical / Photo Josse / Leemage Valentic 173clb; Rob Nerja: 51bl; Nokia Corporation: Since
77b, vlade-mir 51crb; Dorling Kindersley: Idris Ahmed 107cra, Corbis News / Art in All of Us / Anthony Asael 21cra, 2016, HMD Global is the exclusive licensee of the Nokia brand
159br, Andrew Beckett 77cl, 165cb, Ruth Jenkinson / Holts Corbis News / Art in All of Us / Eric Lafforgue 73cra, Corbis for phones & tablets 89tl; Picfair.com: Ines 63cra; Pixabay:
Gems 53clb, 66cra (Gem), Natural History Museum, London Sport / Visionhaus / Ben Radford 163clb, Corbis Unreleased / happylism / 15 images 163cra, janeb13 / 454 images 20crb;
52ca, University of Aberdeen 123cla, 177br, Urospoteko 126cl, Frans Lemmens 29cra, DeAgostini / DEA / V. Giannella 176bl, Press Association Images: PA Archive / Brian Lawless
Whipsnade Zoo 5tr, 5ftr, 33tr, 33ca (x2); Dreamstime.com: DeAgostini / De Agostini Picture Library 109tl, DeAgostini / 84cb, PA Wire / Ian West 59cb; Reuters: AAL / RCS 58cl,
Subodh Agnihotri 136crb, Aiisha 85tl, Lev Akhsanov 112tc, DEA / G. Kiner 37tl, DeAgostini / DEA / M. Seemuller 34tr, Salim Henry 69ca, Afolabi Sotunde 59tr, Paulo Whitaker 33crb;
Ziya Akturer 137ca, Albund 11c, Alex7370 143br, Kierran Allen DeAgostini / DEA / S. Vannini 76crb, David Degner 60cra, Rex by Shutterstock: AP / Andrew Medichini 108cl, AP /
74cb, Nuno Almeida 95tl, Leonid Andronov 40bc, Andzhey DigitalVision / Chris Nash 100cl, DigitalVision / Juergen Charlie Riedel 13c, AP / Geert Vanden Wijngaert 121br, AP /
12ca, Nir Antman 136br, Anusorn62 164cra, Arsty 103cl, Ritterbach 31cla, DigitalVision / Klaus Vedfelt 87crb, EyeEm / Mohammed Seeneen 149clb, Colorsport 29br, EPA / Martin
Kairi Aun 140cla, Anthony Baggett 120cr, Bankerok 21bl, Hafizal Talib 167tr, EyeEm / Nguyen Duc Thành 2-3, 157b, Philbey 89clb, EPA / Mauritz Antin 87b, EPA / Muhammad
Anny Ben 59c, Harald Biebel 84cla, Larisa Blinova 5bl, 35ca, FilmMagic / D Dipasupil 57bl, FilmMagic / Toni Anne Barson Sadiq 146crb, EPA / Roland Schlager 112clb, EPA-EFE / Vickie
Boggy 168crb, Brackishnewzealand 19tl, Tatiana Bralnina 14bl, Focus on Sport 17bl, Gallo Images / Mike D Kock 47crb, Flores 82clb, Jane Hobson 134cla, imageBROKER 16crb, Martti
40cla, Maurice Brand 121tl, Dave Bredeson / Cammeraydave Gamma-Rapho / Dominique Berbain 142bl, Gamma-Rapho / Kainulainen 86crb (reindeer), UIG / Auscape 178b; Robert
16-177 (Magnifying glass), Jeremy Brown 166clb, Ryhor Jean-Luc Manaud 5br, 46cra, Gamma-Rapho / Michel Harding Picture Library: Biosphoto / Robert Haasmann
Bruyeu 127cra, Zbynek Burival 114cb, Evgeny Buzov 168cla, RENAUDEAU 79bl, Gamma-Rapho / Yves Gellie 141cra, 175b, Michael Nolan 85ca, Michael Runkel 53bl, 146cla; Photo
Byheaven87 147cra, Volodymyr Byrdyak 66b, Mohammed Erika Goldring 13clb, Tim Graham 66cla, Hulton Archive / Scala, Florence: The Metropolitan Museum of Art / Art
Anwarul Kabir Choudhury 152clb, Su Chun 75cr, Jerome Cid Allsport / Tony Duffy 109clb, Hulton Archive / Heritage Images / Resource 57clb; Science Photo Library: Massimo Brega,
118cr, Lucian Coman 72cb, Cowboy54 168ca, Kobby Dagan Fine Art Images 124cla, The Image Bank / © Ingetje Tadros The Lighthouse 51tl; Shutterstock.com: Chris Allan 25cra,
30bl, Daitoiumihai 125clb (River), Svetlana Day 113b, Ddkg 174clb, The Image Bank Unreleased / Atlantide Phototravel Yevgen Belich 91cla, Bondart Photography 103b, Radek
136tr, Deyan Denchev 124tr, Derejeb 48cb, Dianearbis 56cla, 91br, The Image Bank Unreleased / nik wheeler 138tr, The Borovka 71clb, CKP1001 120tr, Digoarpi 115cla, Dijise 120cla,
Dziewul 125tl, Cecil Dzwowa 71tl, Sergey Dzyuba 101tr, Image Bank Unreleased / Onne van der Wal 23cra, The Image Ba dins 166cla, Grzegorz Drezek 104cra, Gil.K 76bl, Jesus
Eastmanphoto 40clb, Elenatur 133t, Erix2005 89b, Ermess Bank Unreleased / Timothy Allen 159tl, In Pictures / Qilai Shen Giraldo Gutierrez 117cr, Visual Intermezzo 154cr, Kota Irie
106ca, Faunuslsd 77cla, Evgeniy Fesenko 135clb, Freesurf69 160crb, Dan Kitwood 17cra, Mark Kolbe 177cb, LatinContent 15clb, Katiekk 159cra, Heracles Kritikos 133tl, Chintung Lee
123cr, Eugeniu Frimu 120cl, Anne Fritzenwanker 20cra, Filip Editorial / Jan Sochor 14cla, LatinContent Editorial / Sean 162clb, macka 43cra, Martchan 47tl, Anamaria Mejia 30crb,
Fuxa 78tr, Geckophotos 87cb, 87cb (beef), Giuseppemasci Drakes 25br, Christian Liewig - Corbis 54tl, LightRocket / novak.elcic 119tl, RHJPhtotoandilustration 147clb, s4svisuals
84cl, Rostislav Glinsky 108br, Diego Grandi 14cr, 16bl, Green_ SOPA Images / Lito Lizana 65cl, LightRocket / Wolfgang 115b, Sergey-73 66ca, Mohamed Shareef 149crb, Sopotnicki
cat 128cl, Andrey Gudkov 67tl, Pascal Halder 110cla, 110bl, Kaehler 36tr, 179cl, LightRocket / Yousuf Tushar 152cla, 73br, Alexey Suloev 12cra, Keith Michael Taylor 176br,
Paul Hampton 66b (Elephants), Cor Heijnen 167bl, Jiri Hera Linden Adams Photography 184bl, Lonely Planet Images / topten22photo 156br, Vershinin89 127clb, Darek Warczakoski
97ca (chocolate pralines), Hpbfotos 10l, Hrlumanog 158cl, Jenny & Tony Enderby 175tl, LOOK / Alexander Kupka 95cb, 92crb, yvon52 98crb; South American Pictures: 35clb;
Ildipapp 31cra, Imladris 97r, J33p3l2 160cra, Anujak Jaimook Dominik Magdziak 52l, Maskot 88cb, Moment / © Santiago SuperStock: Alaska Stock - Design Pics 179cra, Biosphoto
169cla, Wieslaw Jarek 102cl, Jatmika Jati 166br, Jojjik 110tr, Urquijo 44br, Moment / Anton Petrus 129tr, Moment / 45b, Hemis.fr / Paule Seux 56crb, juniors@wildlife Bildagentur
Lukas Jonaitis 91cra, Kaiskynet 156cra, Kira Kaplinski 166ca, asifsaeed313 148cl, Moment / Cedric Favero 72cla, Moment / G 145ca, Minden Pictures / Vincent Grafhorst 63cr,
Matej Kausitz 114ca, Mikhail Dudarev 34cla, Pavel Kavalenkau Jackal Pan 161cra, Moment / Jasmin Merdan 140b, Moment / Photononstop 133bl, Prisma / Alex Bartel 59tl; Unsplash:
100cla, Bryan Kessinger 12clb, Michal Knitl 114bl, Sergii Kelly Cheng 30cla, Moment / Lassi Kurkijarvi 118b, Moment / Spencer Davis / @spencerdavis 137cra, Fidel Fernando /
Kolesnyk 42cb, Liliia Kondratenko 115tl, Kristina Kostova Manuel ROMARIS 137clb, Moment / Michele D’Amico @fifernando 172cb
96ca, Sergii Koval 50cra, 119clb, Tetiana Kovalenko 159cl, supersky77 65cra, Moment / Natthawat 145bl, Moment / All country and continent maps in the book are created by
Jesse Kraft 34crb, Aliaksei Kruhlenia 119cra, Kuhar 111ca, Pakawat Thongcharoen 155br, Moment / Paul Biris 137b, DK using textures from NASA satellite imagery and Natural
Matthijs Kuijpers 24cra, Serhii Liakhevych 126crb, Lidian Moment / Robert Lowdon 11crb, Moment / Stanley Chen Xi, Earth raster data.
Neeleman 23clb, Lightfieldstudiosprod 132cla, Limpopoboy landscape and architecture photographer 86cla, Moment / All other images © Dorling Kindersley
73cr, Miroslav Liska 87tl, Lornet 113c, Oleksandr Lytvynenko Tiancheng Wang 144clb, Moment / vladimir zakharov 83b, For further information see: www.dkimages.com
111cr, Maceofoto 77ca, Makidotvn 162cla, Dmitry Malov 90tr, Moment / wiratgasem 157cra, Moment Open / Afriandi 158cr,
Marko5 111crb, Markuk97 104crb, Masezdromaderi 125cl, Moment Open / Ankur Dauneria 151tc, Moment Open /
Zdeněk Matyáš 121cra, Aliaksandr Mazurkevich 139tl, Jeff irawansubingarphotography 174cra, Moment Unreleased /
Mccollough 35c, Daria Medvedeva / Dash1502 85clb, Nik Bashar Shglila 41bl, Moment Unreleased / Geraint Rowland
Merkulov 124tc, Mikelane45 55bc, Mikeltrako 104b, Serhii Photography 151cr, National Geographic Image Collection /
Milekhin 176ca, Milosk50 105tl, Minnystock 95tc, Borna Scott Sroka 22tr, NurPhoto / Nicolas Economou 135cra,
Mirahmadian 139cra, Klemen Misic 120b, Mistervlad 100cb, NurPhoto / Ulrik Pedersen 162br, Minas Panagiotakis 11ca,
108tr, Pranodh Mongkolthavorn 175cra, Moniquesds 34tc Photodisc / PICHA Stock 68cla, Photodisc / ULTRA.F 151tl,
(butterflies), Louno Morose 11cr, Luciano Mortula 99c, Photothek / Michael Gottschalk 44ca, Popperfoto / Leo Mason
Mrtobin 84tr, Robert Mullan 102cla, Mzedig 142tr, Roland 129cr, Premium Archive / Anne Frank Fonds Basel 96cr, Joe

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