578 Index
Cephalosporins (Continued) Cervical dysplasia Children (Continued)
for otitis media, 175, 175f diagnosis of, 73, 329-331, 329f, osteomyelitis in, 215t
for pneumococcal disease, 21 330t parasitic diseases in, 450
prophylactic, for dental procedures, prognosis of, 331 pertussis in, 2, 3, 11-14
199, 200t treatment of, 331 pneumococcal disease in, 19-22
for pyelonephritis, 224, 225 primary amebic
resistance to, in gonorrhea, 300 Cervical ectopy, chlamydia and, meningoencephalitis in, 443
for sinusitis, 169, 169t 336-337
for staphylococcal skin infections, Chilomastix mesnili, 464t
90 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 73 China, syphilis in, 351
for streptococcal pharyngitis, 181, diagnosis of, 73, 329-331, 329f, Chlamydia, 221, 335-343
182 330t
for typhoid fever, 397, 397t, prognosis of, 331 age and, 335
398t treatment of, 331 anorectal, 338, 339f
asymptomatic
Cercarial dermatitis, 517 Cervicitis
Cerebellar ataxia, in varicella, 55 chlamydial, 336-337 in females, 336
Cerebral herniation, after lumbar differential diagnosis of, 307f in males, 337
gonococcal, 344, 345f, 348t clinical features of, 336-339
puncture, 208 in trichomoniasis, 306, 307f in females, 336-337, 336f, 336t,
Cerebral hydatid cyst, 495
Cerebrospinal fluid, 202-204 Cervista HPV 16/18 test, 330 337f
Cervista HPV High-Risk test, 330 in males, 336t, 337-338, 338f,
characteristics of, 202 Cervix. See also under Cervical.
circulation of, 202, 204f 339f
collection of, 208, 208f low-grade squamous intraepithelial complications of, 335, 336t
normal values for, 202 lesions of, 329
production of, 202 treatment of, 341-342
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis strawberry, in trichomoniasis, 305 diagnosis of, 340
blood contamination in, 202 Cestodes, intestinal, 475-480 disease burden from, 335
in coccidioidomycosis, 210t Chagas disease, 522-526, 523f-525f follow-up and repeat testing for,
in cryptococcosis, 210t Chagomas, 522
in leptospirosis, 428 Chancres, syphilitic, 351-352, 353f 342-343
lumbar puncture for, 208, Chancroid, 353f, 364-367, 365f, 366b, geographic distribution of, 335
gonorrhea and, 348
208f 366f pelvic inflammatory disease and,
in Lyme disease, 210t Charcot-Leyden crystals, in
in lymphocytic choriomeningitis, 335
amebiasis, 456 pharyngeal, 339
210t Chemical pneumonitis, aspiration- prevention and control of, 343
in meningitis, 25, 206-207, 208- prognosis of, 343
associated, 154-155, 154t rates of, 300
211, 210t Chest radiography reactive arthritis in, 339
in meningococcal disease, 25 recurrence of, 342-343
in mumps, 210t abnormal, noninfectious causes of, repeat testing for, 300
in neurosyphilis, 210t 141f risk factors for, 335-336
in pneumococcal disease, 21 screening for, 340
in poliomyelitis, 32 in blastomycosis, 229, 229f treatment of, 340-343, 341b, 341t
in primary amebic in coccidioidomycosis, 229, 230f
in COPD exacerbations, 184, 185f for complications, 341-342
meningoencephalitis, 443-444, in histoplasmosis, 228f sexual activity during, 342
445f in hospital-acquired pneumonia, for sexual partners, 342
in syphilis, 358, 359f trichomoniasis and, 309
in tick-borne encephalitis, 439 140 types of, 335, 336t
in tuberculosis, 210t in legionellosis, 148f urethral, 337
in varicella zoster virus infection, in mycoplasmal pneumonia, 147f Chlamydia trachomatis, strains of, 335
57 in pneumonia, 128f-130f, 130 Chlamydia trachomatis infections. See
in West Nile virus infection, 558 in SARS, 539, 539f, 540f also Chlamydia;
Cervical cancer, 71-74, 327-333 in tuberculosis, 547-548 Lymphogranuloma venereum.
disease burden from, 327 Chickenpox. See Varicella. genital, rates of, 300
epidemiology of, 327, 328 Chikungunya, 419-423, 420t rates of, 300
geographic distribution of, 327, Children. See also Infants; Neonates repeat testing for, 300
328 types of, 335, 336t
human papillomavirus and, 71-74, and specific pediatric infections. Chlamydial arthritis, 339, 342
327-333. See also Human appendicitis in, 242 Chlamydial epididymitis, 335, 337,
papillomavirus infection. Haemophilus influenzae infection in, 341-342
incidence of, 327 Chlamydial pharyngitis, 177-178, 339,
prognosis of, 331 15-18, 16f 340
screening for, 73, 329-331, 330t hepatitis B in, 67, 68 Chlamydial pneumonia, 127, 135t,
trichomoniasis and, 309 immunization of, 2-4. See also 146-151. See also Pneumonia,
atypical.
Immunization. clinical features of, 148
immunocompromised. See also
Immunocompromised host.
immunization of, 3
influenza in, 34, 36, 37b
insect repellents for, 423
meningococcal disease in, 24-27
INDEX 579
Chlamydial pneumonia (Continued) Cirrhosis Cold-agglutinin test, in mycoplasma
diagnosis of, 149, 150t in hepatitis B, 66, 67f, 405 pneumonia, 147f
pathogenesis of, 146 in hepatitis C, 407, 408f
treatment of, 149-150, 151t in schistosomiasis, 518-519, 518f Colds, sinusitis and, 162, 165
Colectomy, for diverticulitis, 255
Chlamydial proctitis, 338, 339f Clarithromycin Colitis, acute amebic, 390-393, 453,
Chlamydial urethritis, 221 for chlamydial pneumonia, 151t
Chlamydophila psittaci, 127, 135t, 146, for leptospirosis, 428t, 429 454f
for Mycobacterium abscessus infection, Colon, dilated, in Chagas disease,
149, 149t, 150t 121, 121t
Chloramphenicol, for typhoid fever, for Mycobacterium chelonae infection, 524, 525f
121, 121t Colorectal cancer, vs. diverticulitis,
397, 397t, 398t for Mycobacterium fortuitum
Chlorhexidine, for hospital-acquired infection, 121, 121t 255, 264-265
for Mycobacterium marinum Colostomy, for diverticulitis, 254
pneumonia prevention, 144f infection, 120, 121t Colovesicular fistula, in diverticulitis,
Chloroquine, for malaria, 378t, for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection,
121, 121t 256
380-381, 381t for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t Colpitis macularis, in trichomoniasis,
Cholangiography, percutaneous for otitis media, 175, 175f
for pertussis, 13 305
transhepatic, 248f, 249 Common cold, sinusitis and, 162
Cholangiopancreatography, Clindamycin Common warts, 72
for bacterial vaginosis, 363, 364, Community-acquired pneumonia. See
endoscopic retrograde, 247-249, 364t
248f for cellulitis, 85 Pneumonia,
Cholangitis, 245-249 for chlamydia, 341 community-acquired.
acute ascending, 245-249 for malaria, 378, 379t Complement fixation test, in endemic
in hepatic echinococcosis, 492 for necrotizing soft tissue mycoses, 231
pyogenic liver abscess and, 268, infections, 99, 276 Computed tomography
for otitis media, 175, 175f in alveolar echinococcosis, 499,
269f prophylactic, for dental procedures,
suppurative toxic, 245-249 199, 200t 500f
Choledocholithiasis, cholangitis and, staphylococcal resistance to, 90 in appendicitis, 242
for streptococcal toxic shock cranial, before lumbar puncture,
245-249, 246f syndrome, 99
Cholera, in travelers, 390 208
Cholestasis, in hepatic echinococcosis, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, in cysticercosis, 482, 483f
139, 140t, 143 in diverticulitis, 253-254, 255f
492 of hydatid cyst, 495, 495f
Chromatoid bodies, 452 Clofazimine, for tuberculosis, 549 of intraabdominal abscess,
Chronic bronchitis. See Chronic Clonorchiasis, 486-489, 488t, 489f,
263-265
obstructive pulmonary disease 489t of liver abscess, 270
(COPD). Clostridial diarrhea, in travelers, in peritonitis, 288
Chronic cavitary histoplasmosis, 228, sinus, 166, 167f
228f, 234 390-393 in tuberculosis, 548
Chronic meningococcemia, 25 Clostridial myonecrosis, 76-77, 94, ComVax, 70
Chronic obstructive pulmonary Condylomata acuminata, 71-74,
disease (COPD), 183-186 99-100, 275f. See also Soft tissue
chronic cavitary histoplasmosis in, infections, necrotizing. 327-333. See also Genital warts;
vs. cellulitis, 84 Human papillomavirus infection.
228, 228f, 234 Cloxacillin, for staphylococcal skin vs. condylomata lata, 354, 355f
cough in, 132, 132f, 183, 184f infections, 90 Condylomata lata, in syphilis, 352,
exacerbations of, 183-186, Clubfoot, in polio, 31f 354, 354f, 355f
Coagulase test, in staphylococcal Congenital infections
184f-186f pneumonia, 129f mumps, 49
Chrysops, onchocerciasis and, 507 Coagulopathy, in leptospirosis, rubella, 51, 52-53, 52t, 53f
Chyluria. See Lymphatic filariasis. 426-427 syphilis, 351, 356, 357f
Cidofovir, for adenovirus infection, Coccidioides immitis, 227 diagnosis of, 358-359
culture of, 231 varicella, 56
160 Coccidioides posadasii, 227 Congestive heart failure
Cigarette smoking, diverticulitis and, culture of, 231 in Chagas disease, 522, 524f, 525
Coccidioidomycosis, 227-234 cough in, 132f
251 clinical features of, 227, 229-231, in endocarditis, 196-197
Ciprofloxacin in leptospirosis, 427
230f radiography in, 141f
for anthrax, 564, 565 diagnosis of, 231-232, 232f Conjunctival suffusion, in
for chancroid, 366, 366b meningitis in, 206, 210t leptospirosis, 425
for diverticulitis, 254t prognosis of, 234 Conjunctivitis
for granuloma inguinale, 369, treatment of, 135t, 234, 234t in adenoviral pharyngoconjunctival
369b fever, 179
for hospital-acquired pneumonia, gonococcal, 345, 346f, 348t, 350.
142t See also Gonorrhea.
for meningococcal disease, 27
for pyelonephritis, 225
for traveler’s diarrhea, 392, 392t
for tularemia, 571, 572
for typhoid fever, 397, 397t, 398t
580 Index
Contiguous osteochondritis, 218, Culex mosquitoes, West Nile virus Deer flies
219t and, 554, 555f loiasis and, 506, 507f
tularemia and, 567
Cornea, herpes simplex virus infection Culture. See also specific infections.
of, 112 of Blastomyces dermatitidis, 231 Deer ticks, Lyme disease and, 430,
of Bordetella pertussis, 12 431f, 433
Coronaviruses, 537 cerebrospinal fluid. See
SARS-associated, 537. See also Cerebrospinal fluid analysis. DEET, in prophylaxis
Severe acute respiratory of Chlamydia trachomatis, 340 of arbovirus infections, 423
syndrome (SARS). of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 6 of Lyme disease, 423
laboratory tests for, 540-541 of Francisella tularensis, 571 of malaria, 378
of Haemophilus ducreyi, 366 of tick-borne encephalitis, 439
Corticosteroids of herpes simplex virus, 112-113, of West Nile virus infection, 423,
for anthrax, 565 315, 315t 558-559
for COPD exacerbations, 184, of Histoplasma capsulatum, 231,
186f 231f Dehydration, in rotavirus infection,
for Haemophilus influenzae of Leptospira interrogans, 427 40, 40f
meningitis, 17 middle metal, 166
for meningitis, 211-212 of Naegleria fowleri, 442, 443-444, Dementia, in neurosyphilis, 355
for meningococcal disease, 26 443f Dengue, 419-423, 420t. See also
for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, sinus, 166
549 skin, in dermatophytoses, 109 Arbovirus infections.
for pneumococcal disease, 21 stool. See Stool examination. Dental procedures, antibiotic
for sinusitis, 167 throat, 180-181, 181f
for trichinellosis, 503 of Trichomonas vaginalis, 305, 305t, prophylaxis for, 199, 200t
306f, 307, 307f Dental trauma, sinusitis and, 163
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 5, 6f urine, 222-225 Dermatitis, gonococcal, 345-346,
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, 5
Corynebacterium tetani, 5, 7, 8f Currant jelly sputum, 130f 346f. See also Gonorrhea.
Corynebacterium ulcerans, 5 Cutaneous larva migrans, 468, 471f Dermatophyte infections, 102-109
Cough Cycloserine
candidiasis, 107-108
chronic, causes of, 130, 130b, 132f adverse effects of, 550t clinical features of, 102-108,
in chronic bronchitis, 132f, 183, for tuberculosis, 549
Cyclosporiasis, 464-465, 464t 103f-105f, 107f, 108f
184f in travelers, 390-393 diagnosis of, 108-109
differential diagnosis of, 130, 130b, Cyst, hydatid. See Hydatid cyst. disease burden in, 102
Cystic echinococcosis. See Hydatid pathogenesis of, 102
132f risk factors for, 102
in mycoplasma pneumonia, 147, cyst. tinea, 102-107, 103f-105f, 107f,
Cystic fibrosis, cough in, 132f
147f Cysticercosis, 481-484, 482f, 483f 108f. See also under Tinea.
whooping, 11-14 Cystitis, 221-226. See also Urinary Dexamethasone
immunization for, 2, 3, 14 tract infections. for Haemophilus influenzae
Coxiella burnettii, 127, 135t, 146, 149t, D meningitis, 17
Daintree ulcer. See Buruli ulcer.
150t Dalbavancin, for staphylococcal skin/ for meningitis, 211-212
Coxsackievirus infection, pharyngeal, Diabetes mellitus, mumps and, 48
soft tissue infections, 91 Dialysis, contiguous osteochondritis
177 Daptomycin
Cranberry juice, for cystitis and, 219t
Cranial computed tomography, before for endocarditis, 194t, 195t Diarrhea
for staphylococcal skin/soft tissue
lumbar puncture, 208 in balantidiasis, 463
Cranial surgery, meningitis after, infections, 91 in Dientamoeba fragilis infection,
Darkfield examination, for Treponema
203b, 206, 209, 211 463
Crepitant cellulitis, 100. See also Soft pallidum, 356, 357f in giardiasis, 453, 458
Darunavir, for HIV infection, 323- HIV-related, 323
tissue infections, necrotizing. in isosporiasis, 463
Crescent sign, in pulmonary hydatid 325, 324b rotavirus, 39-41
Day care, otitis media and, 176 traveler’s, 372, 390-393
disease, 493 DDT, in malaria prophylaxis, 378 Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Crohn’s disease Deafness. See Hearing loss.
Decongestants (DDT), for malaria prophylaxis,
anorectal abscess in, 278, 280, 281, 378
282, 283. See also Anorectal rhinitis due to, 168 Dicloxacillin, for staphylococcal skin
abscess; Fistula in ano. for sinusitis, 168 infections, 90
Decubitus ulcers, osteomyelitis and, Dientamoeba fragilis infection, 463-
fistula in ano in, 283-284, 284f 464, 464t
Cryotherapy, for genital warts, 331, 218f in travelers, 390-393
Deep vein thrombosis, in SARS, Diet
332t diverticulitis and, 251, 256
Cryptococcosis 541 traveler’s diarrhea and, 392, 393
N,N-Diethyl-metatoluamide
HIV-related, 321-322 (DEET), for prophylaxis
meningitis in, 206, 210t of arbovirus infections, 423,
Cryptoglandular origin theory, of
558-559
anorectal abscess, 278, 279f
Cryptosporidiosis, 464, 464t
in travelers, 390-393
INDEX 581
N,N-Diethyl-metatoluamide (DEET) Diverticulitis (Continued) Dysentery. See also Diarrhea.
(Continued) risk factors for, 251 amebic, 452-457
treatment of, 254-255, 254t, 256f in travelers, 390-393, 391f, 392t
of Lyme disease, 433 vs. colon cancer, 255, 264-265
of malaria, 378 Dyspnea, in COPD exacerbations,
of tick-borne encephalitis, 439 Diverticulosis, 251, 252f, 253f, 254f 183, 184f
of West Nile virus infection, 423, Docasenol, for herpes labialis, 114
Dog bites E
558-559 Eaton agent pneumonia. See
Diethylcarbamazine antibiotics for, 85
necrotizing fasciitis and, 99 Mycoplasmal pneumonia.
for loiasis, 511, 511t, 514 osteomyelitis and, 217t Echinococcosis, 258-261, 259f, 260f,
for lymphatic filariasis, 510, 511, rabies and, 413
in travelers, management of, 417f 475
511t, 512-513, 512t Dog tapeworms, 475-480, 477t, 479t. alveolar, 498-500, 499f, 500f
Digene High-Risk HPV HC2 DNA cystic, 258-261, 259f, 260f, 491-
See also Tapeworms.
test, 330 Donovanosis, 367-369, 367f, 368f, 498. See also Hydatid cyst.
Digene HPV HC2 DNA test, 330 Echinococcus felidis, 491
Digestive decontamination, for 369b Echinococcus granulosus, 258, 475,
Dormier basket, 249f
hospital-acquired pneumonia Doxycycline 491-498. See also Hydatid cyst.
prophylaxis, 144f life cycle of, 491, 492f
Digital rectal examination, for for anthrax, 564, 565 Echinococcus multilocularis, 258, 475,
anorectal abscess, 278-279 for chlamydia, 341, 341t
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, for 491, 498-500
malaria, 380t for epididymitis, 341 Echinococcus oligarthrus, 491
Diloxanide, for amebiasis, 456, 456t for pelvic inflammatory disease, Echinococcus shiquicus, 491
Diphasic milk fever. See Tick-borne Echinococcus vogeli, 491
encephalitis. 341-342 Echocardiography, in endocarditis,
Diphenoxylate, for traveler’s diarrhea, for pneumonia, 151t
392 for legionellosis, 150, 151t 192-193
Diphtheria, 5-7, 6f, 178 for leptospirosis, 428t, 429 Ecthyma, 78
immunization for, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, for Lyme disease, 433, 433t Eczema, of foot, 105f
for postexposure prophylaxis, Eczema herpeticum, 112
70 Edema
Diphtheria antitoxin, 5, 7 433
Diphtheria toxoid, 9 for lymphogranuloma venereum, in lymphatic filariasis, 506-507
Diphyllobothrium latum, 475, 476t, pulmonary, in SARS, 540f
342 Efavirenz, for HIV infection, 323-
479t. See also Tapeworms. for malaria, 378, 379t, 381t
Dipylidium caninum, 475, 477t, 479t. for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t 325, 324b, 325b
for pneumococcal disease, 21 Eikenella corrodens cellulitis, 85
See also Tapeworms. for sinusitis, 168, 169t Elderly
Direct fluorescent antibody assay, for for syphilis, 359, 360t
for tularemia, 151, 571, 572 appendicitis in, 241-242, 243
Bordetella pertussis, 12 DPT vaccine, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 diverticulitis in, 251, 252
Dirithromycin with hepatitis B and polio vaccines, influenza in, 36
Elephantiasis, 507, 510f. See also
for chlamydial pneumonia, 151t 70
for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t Drainage Lymphatic filariasis.
Discharge ELISA. See Enzyme-linked
urethral of anorectal abscess, 280-282, 280f,
281f, 283, 284f immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
in chlamydia, 337, 338f Embolisms, in endocarditis, 192,
in gonorrhea, 344, 345f of intraabdominal abscess, 265,
in trichomoniasis, 305f 266f 192f
vaginal. See Vaginal discharge. Emerging infectious diseases and
Disseminated intravascular of liver abscess, 271-272, 271f
coagulation of muscle abscess, 292, 293 pandemics
in measles, 44 Drug abuse, intravenous anthrax, 560-566
in meningococcal disease, 25, 26f crepitant cellulitis and, 100 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,
Diverticulitis, 251-256 gas gangrene and, 100
abscess formation in, 262, 264-265, hepatitis C and, 401 544-552
HIV/AIDS and, 319 novel influenza, 530-536
266 necrotizing soft tissue infections overview of, 528-529
clinical features of, 252 severe acute respiratory syndrome,
complicated, 254 and, 100, 273
diagnosis of, 253-254, 255f Drug-resistant pathogens. See 537-542
differential diagnosis of, 252, 253f tularemia, 127, 135t, 146-151, 149t,
disease burden from, 251 Antimicrobial resistance.
geographic distribution of, 251 Duke criteria, for endocarditis, 192, 150t, 567-572
Hinchey staging for, 254 West Nile virus infection, 419-423,
prevention and control of, 256 193b
prognosis of, 256 Dukoral, 393 554-559
pyogenic liver abscess and, 268 Dumb rabies, 413, 414-415 Emphysema
Dura, 202
Dwarf tapeworm, 475, 476t, 479f, chronic cavitary histoplasmosis and,
228, 228f, 234
479t
cough in, 132f
exacerbations of, 183-186,
184f-186f
582 Index
Emphysematous pyelonephritis, 224 Endocarditis (Continued) Epidural abscess, in meningitis, 208,
Empyema for staphylococcal infections, 209f
194-196, 194t
in aspiration pneumonia, 154 for streptococcal infections, 193, Epidural empyema, in sinusitis, 163f,
in hospital-acquired pneumonia, 194t 170
surgical, 196-197, 196b
144f Epidymo-orchitis, mumps, 48, 49
in sinusitis, 163f, 170 Endocervical discharge. See also Epiglottitis, Haemophilus influenzae,
subdural Vaginal discharge.
15-18, 16f
in Haemophilus influenzae in chlamydia, 336, 336f Epilepsy, cysticercosis and, 481-484
meningitis, 17 in gonorrhea, 344, 345f Epstein-Barr virus infection,
Endolimax nana, 464f
sinusitis-associated, 163f, 170 Endometritis, gonococcal, 345, 346f. pharyngitis in, 179, 179f
Emtricitabine, for HIV infection, Equine encephalitis, vs. rabies, 415
See also Gonorrhea. Equine rabies immune globulin, 417,
323-325, 324b, 325b Endorectal advancement flap, for
Encephalitic (furious) rabies, 413 417f
Encephalitis. See also rectovaginal fistulas, 284 Equinovarus, in polio, 31f
Endoscopic retrograde Ertapenem
Meningoencephalitis.
arbovirus, 419-423. See also cholangiopancreatography, for diverticulitis, 254t
247-249, 248f for hospital-acquired pneumonia,
Arbovirus infections. Endoscopic stone removal, for
cysticercotic, 481-484 cholangitis, 247-249, 248f 142, 142t
definition of, 203b Engerix-B, 70 Erysipelas, 76, 81-85, 82f
equine, vs. rabies, 415 Entamoeba dispar, 455 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection,
herpes, 112 Entamoeba hartmanni, 464f
Entamoeba histolytica, 452, 453f, 464f 85
treatment of, 211 Entecavir, for hepatitis B, 67-68, 406 Erythema chronica migrans, 430
in measles, 43, 44 Enteric fever, 394-398 Erythema migrans
in mumps, 47-48 Enterobacteriaceae, antibiotics for,
in rubella, 52 135t differential diagnosis of, 432-433
in syphilis, 355-356 Enterobius vermicularis. See also in Lyme disease, 430, 432
tick-borne, 419-423, 420t, 422t, Pinworms. Erythrasma
Dientamoeba fragilis and, 463 interdigital, 105f
435-440 life cycle of, 467t, 472f Wood lamp examination in, 109
in varicella, 55 Enterovirus infections Erythromycin
West Nile virus, 556f, 557, 557t, hand, foot and mouth disease, 179 for chancroid, 366, 366b
herpangina, 179 for chlamydia, 341
558 pharyngeal, 177, 179 for chlamydial pneumonia, 150,
Encephalomyelitis Enzyme-linked
immunoelectrotransfer blot assay, 151t
acute disseminated, 43 for Cysticercus cellulosae, 483 for granuloma inguinale, 369, 369b
vaccine-related, 386-387, 387f, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for impetigo, 79
415 (ELISA) for legionellosis, 149, 150, 151t
vs. rabies, 415 for Bordetella pertussis, 12-13 for Lyme disease, 433t
for Cysticercus cellulosae, 483 for lymphogranuloma venereum,
acute postinfectious measles, 43 for giardiasis, 460
Encephalopathy, in rubella, 52 for HIV infection, 323 342
Encepur, for tick-borne encephalitis, for hydatid cyst, 495 for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 150,
for measles, 44-45
440 for rubella, 53 151t
Endarteritis, in syphilis, 356, 357f for Treponema pallidum, 358 for ophthalmia neonatorum
Endemic mycoses, 227-234. See also Eosinophilic folliculitis, HIV-related,
322 prophylaxis, 350
Fungal infections, systemic. Epidemic parotitis, 47-50, 48f for pertussis, 13
Endocarditis, 190-200 Epidermophyton floccosum staphylococcal resistance to, 90
jock itch and, 105, 106 for streptococcal pharyngitis,
clinical features of, 191-192 tinea manus and, 105
diagnosis of, 192-193 tinea pedis and, 105 181-182, 181t
Duke criteria for, 192, 193b tinea unguium and, 106 Escherichia coli infection
embolism in, 192, 192f Epididymitis
etiology of, 190-191 chlamydial, 335, 337, 338, 338f, antimicrobial resistance in, 225
in gonorrhea, 346, 348t in travelers, 390-393, 391f
in hospital-acquired pneumonia, 341-342 urinary tract, 221, 222
differential diagnosis of, 338 Esophageal dilation, in Chagas
144f gonococcal, 346f. See also
pathogenesis of, 190, 191f disease, 524, 525, 525f
prevention of, 199, 200t Gonorrhea. Esophagitis, HIV-related, 323
prosthetic valve, 197-199, 197t, Ethambutol
198f, 199f adverse effects of, 550t
risk factors for, 190 for Mycobacterium marinum
in syphilis, 356, 357f
treatment of, 193-197 infection, 120, 121t
for tuberculosis, 548-549
for enterococcal infections, 195t,
196 dosage of, 546t
resistance to, 546, 546t, 547f. See
pharmacologic, 193-196,
194t-196t also Tuberculosis,
multidrug-resistant.
INDEX 583
Ethionamide Fish-borne trematodes, 486-489 Folliculitis (Continued)
adverse effects of, 550t Fish tank granuloma, 117-122 clinical features of, 88-90, 88f, 89f
for tuberculosis, 549 diagnosis of, 90
resistance to, 546, 546t, 547f. See clinical features of, 117, 118f diffuse, 90
also Tuberculosis, diagnosis of, 119-120, 120f eosinophilic, HIV-related, 322
multidrug-resistant. prognosis of, 121-122 hot tub, 90
treatment of, 120, 121t pathogenesis of, 87-88
Ethmoid sinuses Fish tapeworms, 475-480, 476t, 477t, prevention and control of, 91
anatomy of, 161, 162f, 163f risk factors for, 88
inflammation of, 161-170. See also 478f, 479t. See also Tapeworms. swimmer’s itch and, 90
Sinusitis. Fistula treatment of, 88f, 90-91
Eustachian tube, 172, 173f colovesicular, in diverticulitis, Food-borne trematodes, 486-489
Exfolatin, 97 256 Food poisoning, traveler’s diarrhea
Eye. See Ophthalmic infections.
F rectovaginal, in Crohn’s disease, and, 390-393
Facial cellulitis, Haemophilus 256-257, 284f Foot
influenzae, 15 Fistula in ano, 278-285, 280f, 283 athlete’s, 105-106, 105f
Faget’s sign, 383 clinical features of, 278 clubbed, in polio, 31f
Famciclovir in Crohn’s disease, 283-284, 284f eczema of, 105f
differential diagnosis of, 282 lichen simplex chronicus of, 105f
for genital herpes, 316-317, 316t etiology of, 278, 279f, 282 psoriasis of, 105f
for herpes simplex virus infection, history in, 278, 282 Foreign bodies
management of, 283 aspiration of, 155
113, 113t, 114, 114t physical examination in, 283 furunculosis and, 89f, 90
Far-East Russian encephalitis. See types of, 280f, 283 Forschheimer spots, 51
Fosfomycin, for pyelonephritis, 224,
Tick-borne encephalitis. Flat warts, 72
Fasciitis, necrotizing, 76-77, 94, 99. Flu. See Influenza. 225
Fluconazole Fournier’s gangrene, 99, 280
See also Soft tissue infections, Fractures, contiguous osteochondritis
necrotizing. for blastomycosis, 233
perianal, 280 for coccidioidomycosis, 232, 234, and, 219t
vs. cellulitis, 84 Francisella tularensis, 127, 135t, 146,
Fascioliasis, 486-489, 488t, 489f, 489t 234t
Fasciolopsiasis, 486-489, 487f, 488t, for histoplasmosis, 233 149t, 150t, 567, 570-571
489f, 489t for tinea barbae, 102 Friedländer’s pneumonia, 127, 130f
Fecal examination. See Stool for tinea capitis, 103 Frontal sinuses
examination. for tinea corporis, 104
Fecaliths, in appendicitis, 239, 240f Fluid therapy anatomy of, 161, 162f, 163f
Feet. See Foot. for staphylococcal toxic shock inflammation of, 161-170. See also
Felix-Widal test, 397
Felons, 88f, 89 syndrome, 95-96 Sinusitis.
osteomyelitis and, 218f for traveler’s diarrhea, 392 Früh-Sommer meningoencephalitis.
Fever. See also specific febrile diseases. Flukes, 486-489
in leptospirosis, 425 in schistosomiasis, 516-620 See Tick-borne encephalitis.
in meningitis, 207 Fluorescent antibody tests, for herpes FSME-IMMUN, for tick-borne
in pyogenic liver abscess, 268-269
in pyomyositis, 292 simplex virus, 315 encephalitis, 440
in SARS, 539 Fluorescent treponemal antibody FTA-ABS assay, 358
in typhoid/paratyphoid fever, 396, Fulminant hepatitis A, 61, 62
adsorbed (FTA-ABS) assay, Fulminant hepatitis B, 65, 68, 68f
396f 358 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery,
in urinary tract infections, 222, Fluoroquinolones
adverse effects of, 550t 170
224, 226 for chlamydia, 341 Fungal infections
Fiber, dietary, diverticulitis and, 251, for chlamydial pneumonia, 151t
for hospital-acquired pneumonia, sinus, 164, 164t, 170
256 superficial cutaneous, 102-109.
Fibrin glue, for fistula in ano, 283, 142t
for legionellosis, 150, 151t See also Dermatophyte
284f for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t infections.
Filarial disease, 505-515. See also resistance to, 225, 546, 546t, 547f HIV-related, 322
for sinusitis, 168, 169t systemic, 227-234. See also
Loiasis (loa loa); Lymphatic staphylococcal resistance to, 90 Blastomycosis;
filariasis; Onchocerciasis. for traveler’s diarrhea, 392, 392t Coccidioidomycosis;
Finger. See also Hand. for tuberculosis, resistance to, 546, Histoplasmosis.
abscess of, 88f, 89 clinical features of, 227-231
herpetic whitlow of, 112 546t, 547f. See also diagnosis of, 231-232
Fingernails Tuberculosis, epidemiology of, 227, 228f
biopsy of, in dermatophytoses, 109 multidrug-resistant. prognosis of, 234
dermatophyte infection of, 106 for typhoid fever, 397, 397t, 398t treatment of, 232-234
infections of, 87, 89, 89f Folliculitis, 83, 87-93. See also Furazolidone, for giardiasis, 461,
Staphylococcal skin/soft tissue 461t
infections. Furious rabies, 413-414
584 Index
Furuncles, 83, 87-93. See also Genital lymphogranuloma venereum. Gonorrhea (Continued)
Staphylococcal skin/soft tissue See Lymphogranuloma history in, 346
infections. venereum. laboratory tests in, 346-347, 347f
neonatal ophthalmia and, 345, 346f
clinical features of, 88-90, 88f, 89f Genital ulcers prophylaxis for, 350
diagnosis of, 90 in chancroid, 353f, 364, 365f treatment of, 348t
foreign bodies and, 89f, 90 differential diagnosis of, 113, 313, partner management in, 348-349
genital, 113 352-354, 353f pharyngitis in, 177, 344-345, 346f
pathogenesis of, 87-88 in granuloma inguinale, 367-369, physical examination in, 346
prevention and control of, 91 367f, 368f in pregnancy, 345, 346f, 348t, 350
recurrent, 90-91 in herpes simplex virus infection. prevention and control of, 350
risk factors for, 88 See Genital herpes. proctitis in, 344-345, 346f
treatment of, 88f, 90-91 in lymphogranuloma venereum, prognosis of, 350
Fusarium sinusitis, 164 339 rates of, 300
Fusobacterium necrophorum pharyngitis, in syphilis, 351-352, 353f, 358 recurrent, 350
screening for, 347
177, 180, 181 Genital warts, 71-74, 327-333. See skin lesions in, 345-346, 346f
G also Human papillomavirus treatment of, 347-348, 348t
Gait, in neurosyphilis, 355 infection. failure of, 349
Gallium scan, in osteomyelitis, 217 trichomoniasis and, 309
Gallstones clinical features of, 328-329, 328f urethritis in, 221, 344, 345f
diagnosis of, 331
cholangitis and, 245-249, 246f, disease burden from, 327 Goodsall’s law, 280f, 283
248f geographic distribution of, 327 Gout, vs. cellulitis, 84
prevention and control of, 331-333 Gram staining
endoscopic removal of, 247-249, prognosis of, 331
248f recurrence of, 331 in bacterial vaginosis, 362-363, 366,
risk factors for, 327-328 366f
Gangrene treatment of, 331, 332t
Fournier’s, 99, 280 vs. condylomata lata, 354, 355f in gonorrhea, 347, 347f
gas, 76-77, 94, 99-100. See also Soft Gentamicin Granuloma
tissue infections, necrotizing. for chlamydia, 341
vs. cellulitis, 84 for endocarditis, 194t, 195t fish tank, 117-122, 118f. See also
hemolytic streptococcal, 97 for hospital-acquired pneumonia, Fish tank granuloma.
Gardasil, 73-74 142t Majocchi, 104
Gas gangrene. See Gangrene, gas. for tularemia, 151, 571 mediastinal, in histoplasmosis, 228,
Gastroenteritis Giant condyloma of Buschke and
233
rotavirus, 39-41, 40f Lowenstein, 331 swimming pool, 117
in travelers, 390-393, 391f, 392t Giardia duodenalis, 458 Granuloma inguinale, 367-369, 367f,
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Giardia lamblia, 458, 464f
Giardia muris, 458 368f, 369b
cough in, 132f Giardiasis, 458-462, 459f, 460t, 461t Griseofulvin
Gemifloxacin
in travelers, 390, 391 for tinea barbae, 102
for chlamydial pneumonia, 151t Gingivostomatitis, herpes simplex, for tinea capitis, 103
for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t for tinea corporis, 104
General paresis, 356 179 for tinea pedis, 106
Genital herpes, 110-115, 112f, 113t, Glandular tularemia, 569, 569f. See Groove sign, 339
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci,
114, 311-317. See also Herpes also Tularemia.
simplex virus infection. Glomerulonephritis, 177. See also Streptococcal
clinical features of, 311-313, 312f, pharyngitis.
poststreptococcal, 180 Group B streptococcal meningitis,
353f impetigo and, 78, 79 204, 205t
complications of, 313 Gonorrhea, 221, 344-350 Guaifenesin, for sinusitis, 168
counseling for, 315-316 arthritis in, 345-346, 346f Guillain-Barré syndrome
diagnosis of, 314-315, 315t Bartholin’s abscess in, 344, 345f vs. polio, 31-32
epidemiology of, 311 chlamydia and, 348 vs. rabies, 415
HIV infection and, 311, 314 clinical features of, 344-346 yellow fever vaccine–associated,
lesion locations in, 312, 312f
meningitis and, 206 nonurogenital, 344-346, 346f 386-387, 387f
neonatal infection and, 314, 316 urogenital, 344, 345f Gummatous syphilis, 356
nonprimary initial infection in, diagnosis of, 346-347, 347f Gynecologic infections. See also
differential diagnosis of, 344
311 disease burden from, 344 Sexually transmitted infections.
pathophysiology of, 314 disseminated, 345-346, 346f, 348t clostridial, 100
prevalence of, 311 drug resistance in, 300, 347-348 H
primary infection in, 311, 312, epidemiology of, 344 HACEK organisms, in endocarditis,
epididymitis in, 346f
312f, 314 follow-up and repeat testing for, 191, 196t
recurrent, 313, 314 Haemagogus mosquitoes, yellow fever
risk factors for, 311 349-350
treatment of, 315-317 and, 383
INDEX 585
Haemophilus ducreyi, 364, 366, 366f. Hemolytic streptococcal gangrene, Hepatitis B (Continued)
See also Chancroid. 97 incidence of, 65
management of, 67-68
Haemophilus influenzae, type b, Hemorrhage, alveolar, radiography in, in neonates, 68, 69-70, 69t
immunization for, 2, 17-18, 18t 141f overview of, 400, 401t
postexposure prophylaxis for, 70
Haemophilus influenzae infection Hepatic abscess. See Intraabdominal in pregnancy, 69, 69t
immunization for, 2, 17-18, 18t abscess; Liver abscess. prevention and control of,
meningeal, 204, 205t, 211-212. See 406-407
also Meningitis. Hepatic amebiasis, 455. See also prognosis of, 68
otic, 172, 173 Amebiasis. risk factors for, 65
pulmonary, 127. See also transmission of, 400, 401t
Pneumonia, community- Hepatic fibrosis, in schistosomiasis, treatment of, 406
acquired bacterial. 518-519, 518f
sinus, 163-164, 164t, 168-169, Hepatitis B immune globulin, 69
169t Hepatic hydatid disease, 258, 259f, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG),
treatment of, 135t 492-493, 494t, 496f. See also
type b (Hib), 15-18 Hydatid cyst. 65, 66, 69
Hepatitis C
Hair loss. See Alopecia. Hepatic transplantation, for alveolar
Hand. See also Finger; Fingernails. echinococcosis, 500 clinical features of, 404f, 407,
408f
cellulitis of, 87-93, 88f. See also Hepatitis
Staphylococcal skin/soft tissue fulminant, 61, 62 course of, 404f, 408f
infections. herpes simplex, 313 diagnosis of, 404f, 407
in measles, 44 epidemiology of, 401, 402f
dermatophyte infection of, 105 purulent, pyogenic liver abscess HIV infection and, 408, 409
foot, and mouth disease, 179 and, 268, 269f overview of, 400, 401t
Hand hygiene, hospital-acquired toxic, 61-62 prevention of, 408-409
transmission of, 401, 401t
pneumonia and, 144 Hepatitis A, 60-64, 61f, 62f, 63f treatment of, 407-408
Hartmann’s procedure, for clinical features of, 61, 62f, 63f, Hepatitis D, 409
403, 404f clinical features of, 409
diverticulitis, 254 complications of, 61 diagnosis of, 409
HBeAG, 406 course of, 404f epidemiology of, 402
HBsAG, 65, 66, 69, 404f, 405-406 diagnosis of, 61-62, 403, 404f hepatitis B and, 68
Headache epidemiology of, 400, 401f overview of, 400, 401t
etiology of, 60 prevention of, 409
in leptospirosis, 425 fulminant, 61, 62 treatment of, 409
in meningitis, 207 geographic distribution of, 60 Hepatitis E, 409
Health care–associated infections immunization for, 62-63, 405 clinical features of, 409
pneumonia, 137 for postexposure prophylaxis, 63, diagnosis of, 409
surgical site, 238, 295-297, 296t 405 epidemiology of, 402-403, 403f
Hearing loss incidence of, 60, 61f overview of, 400, 401t
in Haemophilus influenzae management of, 62, 63f prevention of, 409
overview of, 400, 401t treatment of, 409
meningitis, 17 pathogenesis of, 400 as zoonosis, 403
in mumps, 49 prevention and control of, 62-64, Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B
in otitis media, 22 403-405
Heart. See also under Cardiac; prognosis of, 62 and, 68
risk factors for, 60 Hepatomegaly, liver abscess and,
Cardiovascular. transmission of, 400, 401t
hydatid cyst of, 258, 260f, 492 treatment of, 403 271f
Heart disease, chagasic, 522, 523-524, Heroin use
Hepatitis A immune globulin, 63-64
524f, 525 Hepatitis B, 65-70 crepitant cellulitis and, 100
Heart failure gas gangrene and, 100
chronic, 65, 67-68, 67f, 400-401, hepatitis C and, 401
in Chagas disease, 522, 524f, 525 402f, 405, 406f HIV/AIDS and, 319
cough in, 132f necrotizing soft tissue infections
in endocarditis, 196-197 clinical features of, 65, 66f, 404f,
in leptospirosis, 427 405 and, 100, 273
radiography in, 141f Herpangina, 179
Heart transplantation, in Chagas course of, 404f Herpes encephalitis, 112
diagnosis of, 66, 404f, 405-406, Herpes genitalis. See Genital herpes.
disease, 525 Herpes gladiatorum, 112, 114t
Helminthic infections 405t Herpes labialis, 110-115, 111f
differential diagnosis of, 66
intestinal cestodes, 475-480. See also epidemiology of, 400-401, 402f erythema multiforme and, 112,
Tapeworms. etiology of, 65 114t
fulminant, 65, 68, 68f
soil-transmitted, 466-474. See also geographic distribution of, 65 recurrent, 111
Roundworms. hepatitis D and, 409 treatment of, 113t, 114, 114t
immunization for, 2, 62, 68, 69-70,
Hemagglutinin antigens, 530
Hemodialysis, contiguous 69t, 406-407, 407t
combination vaccines for, 62, 70
osteochondritis and, 219t
Hemolytic anemia, in mycoplasma
pneumonia, 147f
586 Index
Herpes simplex virus Histoplasmosis, 227-234 H5N1 influenza, 157-159, 530-536.
acyclovir-resistant, 316 chronic cavitary, 228, 228f, 234 See also Avian influenza (H5N1).
antibody tests for, 113 clinical features of, 228, 228f,
asymptomatic shedding of, 112, 229f Homosexuals, male. See Men who
313, 314, 315 complications of, 228 have sex with men.
types of, 110, 311 diagnosis of, 231-232, 231f
disseminated, 228 Hookworms
Herpes simplex virus infections, prognosis of, 234 clinical features of, 466, 467t, 468,
110-115, 112 treatment of, 135t, 232-233, 233t 470f
diagnosis of, 470
aborted lesions in, 111, 112 HIV/AIDS, 319-325, 421. See also geographic distribution of, 466
anorectal, 312 Immunocompromised host. prevention and control of, 473-474
asymptomatic, 311 risk factors for, 466
central nervous system, 112 arbovirus infections in, 421 treatment of, 470-473, 472t, 473t
clinical features of, 110-112, 111f, blastomycosis in, 229
cancer and, 323 Horizontal exchange, 25
112f CD4+ count in, 320, 320f Horseshoe abscess, 280-281, 282f
diagnosis of, 112-113 Hospital-acquired pneumonia,
differential diagnosis of, 113 treatment guidelines and, 323,
digital, 112 323b, 324t, 325t 137-145. See also Pneumonia,
disease burden from, 110 hospital-acquired.
disseminated, genital herpes– chancroid in, 364 Hot tub folliculitis, 90
clinical course of, 320f HPV2, 73-74
associated, 313 clinical manifestations of, 320-323, Human bites
eczema herpeticum and, 112 antibiotics for, 85
encephalitic, treatment of, 211 320f-322f necrotizing fasciitis and, 99
erythema multiforme and, 112, in acute infection, 320, 320f osteomyelitis and, 217t
dermatologic, 322, 322f Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, vs.
114t gastrointestinal, 322-323 Lyme disease, 432
genital, 110, 111-112, 112f, 113t, neurologic, 321-322, 322f Human immunodeficiency virus
oral, 321, 321f infection. See HIV/AIDS.
114t, 311-317. See also Genital pulmonary, 320-321, 321f Human metapneumovirus, 160
herpes. coccidioidomycosis in, 229-230, Human papillomavirus infection,
geographic distribution of, 110 71-74, 327-333
gingivostomatitis in, 179 230f asymptomatic, 328
hepatic, 313 course of, 320, 320f, 325 cervical cancer and, 71, 72, 72f
HIV-related, 322 cryptosporidiosis in, 464, 464t clinical features of, 71-72, 72f,
Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption and, diagnosis of, 320f, 323
112 disease burden from, 300, 319 328-329, 328f, 329f
labial, 110-111, 111f, 113t, 114t. drug-resistant, 323 diagnosis of, 329-331, 330t
See also Herpes labialis. epidemiology of, 300 disease burden from, 71, 327
latent, 110, 111f, 314 genital herpes in, 311, 314 etiology of, 71
meningeal, 112, 206, 210t genital warts in, 328 geographic distribution of, 71,
neonatal, 112, 113t, 314, 316 geographic distribution of, 319
ocular, 112, 114t granuloma inguinale in, 368, 369 327
pharyngeal, 177, 179 hepatitis C in, 408, 409 HIV-related, 322, 322f
prevention and control of, 115 histoplasmosis in, 229 immunization for, 73-74, 331-333
prognosis of, 115 in long-term nonprogressors, 325 malignant transformation and, 71
recurrent, 313, 314 meningitis in, 205t, 206, 210t prevention and control of, 73-74,
risk factors for, 110 new infection rate for, 300
treatment of, 113-115, 113t, 114t in pregnancy, 319 331-333
unrecognized, 112 prevention and control of, 325, prognosis of, 73, 331
vaccine for, 317 respiratory papillomatosis and, 72
vs. rabies, 415 325t risk factors for, 71, 327-328
in wrestlers, 112, 114t prognosis of, 325 screening for, 73, 329-330, 330t
Herpes zoster, 55-59, 56f pyomyositis in, 292 treatment of, 72-73, 331
vs. genital herpes, 313 relative resistance to, 320 trichomoniasis and, 309
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 56 risk factors for, 319-320, 320f Human papillomaviruses
Herpetic whitlow, 112 screening for, 323 low- vs. high-risk, 71, 327
Heterophyiasis, 486-489, 487f, 488t, sexually transmitted infections in, types of, 71, 327
489f, 489t Human rabies immune globulin,
High-fiber diet, for diverticulitis, 251, 300
256 sinusitis in, 164 416-417, 417f
Highly active antiretroviral therapy, syphilis in, 300, 358 Human tetanus immune globulin, 9
for HIV infection, 323-325, transfusion-related, 319-320 Hutchinson’s teeth, 356, 357f
323b-325b, 324f, 324t, 325t treatment of, 323-325, 323b-325b, Hydatid cyst, 258-261, 259f, 260f,
Hinchey stages, in diverticulitis, 254
Histoplasma capsulatum, 227 324f, 324t, 325t 491-498
culture of, 231, 231f tuberculosis in, 551 bone, 492, 493-495
vaccine for, 325 brain, 492, 495
H1N1 influenza, 159-160, 530-536. clinical manifestations of, 258,
See also Swine influenza (H1N1). 491-495
INDEX 587
Hydatid cyst (Continued) IgM dipstick test, for typhoid, 397 Immunization (Continued)
diagnosis of, 258-261, 494t, 495, Imipenem Internet resources for, 3, 4t
495f for Japanese encephalitis, 423
epidemiology of, 491 for hospital-acquired pneumonia, for Lyme disease, 433
geographic distribution of, 258, 142t for measles, 2, 42, 45
260f, 491 for meningococcal disease, 27
heart, 260f, 492 for Mycobacterium abscessus infection, for mumps, 2, 49-50
kidney, 258, 259f 121 for nontuberculous mycobacterial
liver, 258, 259f, 492-493, 494t, infections, 122
496f for tuberculosis, 549 passive, 2-3
lung, 492, 493, 495f Imipenem-cilastin, for endocarditis, for pertussis, 2, 3, 14, 70
prevention and control of, 261 for pneumococcal disease, 19-22,
prognosis of, 261 195t 20f, 134
recurrence of, 495-496 Imiquimod meningitis and, 204-206
treatment of, 261, 495-498 otitis media and, 172, 176
drug therapy in, 261, 497-498 for genital warts, 331, 332t for poliomyelitis, 2, 30f, 32
PAIR in, 261, 496-497 for human papillomavirus infection, combination vaccine for, 70
surgery in, 261, 495-496, 496f for rabies, 416-417. See also Rabies,
vs. watchful waiting, 498 72 immunization for.
Immigrants recipients of, 3
Hydrocele, in lymphatic filariasis, for rotavirus infection, 39, 41
510f hepatitis B screening for, 65, for rubella, 2, 53
68-69 schedules for, 2
Hydrocephalus, in cysticercosis, 481, for staphylococcal infections, 92
482, 483 immunizations for, 3 for tetanus, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9
Immune globulin, 2-3 for tick-borne encephalitis, 423-
Hydrosalpinx, chlamydial, 337, 424, 440
337f anthrax, 565 for travelers, 3
hepatitis A, 63-64 for hepatitis A, 63-64
Hydroxychloroquine, for malaria, hepatitis B, 69 for typhoid fever, 398
378t, 381t human tetanus, 9 Vaccine Information Statement for,
measles, 45 4
Hydroxyquinolones, for traveler’s mumps, 50 for varicella, 58-59
diarrhea, 392, 392t for necrotizing soft tissue postexposure, 59
verification of, 2
Hymenolepis diminuta, 475, 477t, 479t. infections, 99, 276 worldwide distribution of, 2
See also Tapeworms. pertussis, 13 for yellow fever, 386-388, 386b,
rabies, 416-417, 417f 387f, 388b, 423
Hymenolepis nana, 475, 476t, 478, tetanus, 9
479f, 479t. See also Tapeworms. varicella zoster virus, 59 Immunoassays, for sinusitis, 166
Immunization, 2-4 Immunocompromised host
Hyperbaric oxygen, for necrotizing active, 3
soft tissue infections, 99, 276 acute disseminated arbovirus infections in, 421
blastomycosis in, 229, 233
Hypersensitivity, 7 encephalomyelitis and, 415 coccidioidomycosis in, 230-231,
to mumps vaccine, 49-50 adverse effects of, 3-4
skin testing for, in sinusitis, 166 for anthrax, 565-566 230f, 234
for arbovirus infections, 386-388, genital warts in, 328
Hypertension histoplasmosis in, 228, 233
intracranial, in cysticercosis, 481, 386b, 387f, 388b, 423 measles in, 44
482, 483 autism and, 45 meningitis in, 206
pulmonary, cough in, 132f for cholera, 393 pediatric, immunization of, 3
combination vaccines for, 70. See peritonitis in, 288
Hypotension, in staphylococcal toxic pyomyositis in, 292-294,
shock syndrome, 95-96 also DPT vaccine; MMR
vaccine. 293f
I for diphtheria, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 rabies immunization in, 417
Iclaprim, for staphylococcal skin/soft for Haemophilus influenzae type sinusitis in, 162-163, 164, 166
b, 2, 17-18, 18t tuberculosis in, 544, 551-552
tissue infections, 91 for hepatitis A, 62-63, 405 varicella-zoster virus infection in,
Idiopathic benign recurrent for postexposure prophylaxis, 63,
56, 58
lymphocytic meningitis, 112, 405 West Nile virus infection in,
206, 313 for hepatitis B, 2, 62, 68, 69-70,
IDL Tubex-TF test, 397 554-556
Idoamoeba bütschlii, 464t 69t, 406-407, 407t Immunodiffusion tests, for endemic
IgG anti-HCV assay, 403 for postexposure prophylaxis, 70,
IgG assays mycoses, 231-232
for Lyme disease, 432 407 Immunoglobulins. See under IgG;
for SARS, 541 for hepatitis D, 409
IgM anti-HAV assay, 403 for hepatitis E, 409 IgM.
IgM anti-HEV assay, 409 for herpes simplex virus infection,
IgM assays
for Lyme disease, 432 317
for typhoid, 397 for herpes zoster, 59
for West Nile virus, 558 for HIV infection, 325
for human papillomavirus infection,
73-74, 331-333
for influenza, 36-37, 37b, 157
from novel viruses, 535-536
588 Index
Immunomodulators Insect repellents/insecticides Iodine, for water treatment, for
for hepatitis B, 67 for arbovirus infections, 423 giardiasis prevention, 462
for human papillomavirus infection, for Lyme disease, 423
72 for malaria, 378 Iodoquinol
for Onchocerca volvulus, 513 for amebiasis, 456, 456t
Impetigo, 76, 78-79, 79f for tick-borne encephalitis, 439, for balantidiasis, 464t
Incisional infections, 238, 295-297, 440t for Dientamoeba fragilis infection,
464, 464t
296t Integrase inhibitors, for HIV
Incisions, for cellulitis of hand, 88f infection, 323, 324b, 324f, 325b Irrigation, sinus, 168
Increased intracranial pressure, in Ischioanal abscess, 279, 280-281,
Interferon(s)
cysticercosis, 481, 482, 483 for hepatitis B, 67, 406 280f. See also Anorectal abscess.
Infants for hepatitis C, 408 bilateral (horseshoe), 280-281, 282f
for human papillomavirus infection, Isolation precautions
hepatitis B in, 68 72 for novel influenza, 534, 535
immunizations for, 3 for tuberculosis, 551
pertussis in, 12, 13 Interferon-γ release assay, for Isoniazid
Infective endocarditis. See tuberculosis, 551-552 adverse effects of, 550t
for tuberculosis, 548-549
Endocarditis. International adoptees, hepatitis B
Infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease screening for, 65, 68-69 dosage of, 546t
resistance to, 544-546, 546t,
and, 337 Intersphincteric abscess, 279, 280f,
Inflammatory bowel disease 281. See also Anorectal abscess. 547f. See also Tuberculosis,
multidrug-resistant.
anorectal abscess in, 264, 278, 280, Intestinal biopsy, in giardiasis, 459f, Isosporiasis, 463, 464f, 464t
281, 282, 283. See also 460 in travelers, 390-393
Anorectal abscess. Itraconazole
Intestinal cestodes, 475-480. See also for blastomycosis, 232
fistula in ano in, 283-284, 284f. See Tapeworms. for coccidioidomycosis, 232, 234,
also Fistula in ano. 234t
Intestinal fluid examination, in for histoplasmosis, 232-233, 233t
Infliximab, for fistula in ano, 283 giardiasis, 460 for tinea barbae, 102
Influenza, 34-37, 35f, 157-159 for tinea capitis, 103
Intestinal flukes, 486-489, 487f, 488t, for tinea corporis, 104
clinical features of, 157 489f for tinea pedis, 106
complications of, 157, 158t, 159f Ivermectin
diagnosis of, 157, 158t Intestinal roundworms, 466-474. See for loiasis, 514
epidemiology of, 157, 158f also Roundworms. for lymphatic filariasis, 511, 511t,
immunization for, 36-37, 157, 512t, 513
Intraabdominal abscess, 262-267 for onchocerciasis, 511, 511t, 512t,
535-536 appendiceal, 240f, 266 513-514
novel/pandemic, 158-159, aspiration of, 263 for strongyloidiasis, 473
clinical features of, 262, 263f Ixodes ticks, 430, 431f, 433, 435, 436f
530-536 diagnosis of, 263-265 encephalitis and, 422t, 423, 435,
avian, 157-159, 530-536 disease burden from, 262 436f
clinical features of, 532-533 geographical distribution, 262 life cycle of, 430, 431f
diagnosis of, 533 hepatic, 262. See also Liver abscess. removal of, 431f, 439-440, 440t
disease burden from, 530-531 iatrogenic, 262, 263, 267 J
geographic distribution of, pancreatic, 264 Japanese encephalitis virus complex,
pathogenesis of, 262, 263f 419-423, 420t. See also Arbovirus
530-531 peridiverticular, 262, 264-265 infections.
isolation precautions for, 534, perinephric, 264 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
peritonitis and, 286-287, 287f in leptospirosis, 429
535 postoperative, 238, 262, 267 in syphilis, 359, 361
prevention and control of, prognosis of, 265-266 Jaundice
recurrent, 266-267 in cholangitis, 245
534-536 renal, 264 in hepatitis A, 61, 63f, 403
chemoprophylaxis in, 535 risk factors for, 262 in hepatitis B, 65, 66f, 405
immunization in, 535-536 subphrenic, 263f in leptospirosis, 426
infection control measures in, treatment, 265-266 liver abscess and, 271f
Jejunal biopsy, in giardiasis, 459f, 460
533, 534-535 Intracranial hypertension, in Jejunal fluid examination, in
public health measures in, cysticercosis, 481, 482, 483 giardiasis, 460
Job’s syndrome, staphylococcal
534 Intravenous drug use infections in, 88
prognosis of, 534 crepitant cellulitis in, 100
reporting of, 535 gas gangrene in, 100
risk factors for, 531-532, 532t hepatitis C and, 401
swine, 530-536 HIV/AIDS and, 319
treatment of, 533-534 necrotizing soft tissue infections
treatment of, 135t, 157 and, 100, 273
Influenza A virus, 531f
genetic reassortment in, 530, 531f. Intravenous immune globulin. See
Immune globulin.
See also Influenza, novel/
pandemic.
structure of, 531f
Injection drug use. See Intravenous
drug use.
INDEX 589
Jock itch, 106, 107f Levofloxacin, 565 Loa loa (loiasis) (Continued)
Joint pain, in mumps, 48-49 for chlamydia, 341 prevention and control of, 514
K for chlamydial pneumonia, 151t prognosis of, 512
Kanamycin for diverticulitis, 254t risk factors for, 506
for hospital-acquired pneumonia, treatment of, 511, 511t, 512t
adverse effects of, 550t 142t
for tuberculosis, resistance to, 546, for legionellosis, 150, 151t Lockjaw, 8, 8f
for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t Loperamide, for traveler’s diarrhea,
546t, 547f. See also for pyelonephritis, 226
Tuberculosis, for sinusitis, 168, 169t 392
multidrug-resistant. Low-birth-weight infants,
Kaposi’s sarcoma, 322, 323 Lichen simplex chronicus, of foot,
Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption, 112 105f immunization of, 3
Katayama fever, 516, 518 Lumbar puncture, 208, 208f
Keratitis, herpes simplex, 112 Linezolid Lung. See also under Pulmonary.
Kerion, 102 adverse effects of, 550t
Kernig’s sign, 16, 207, 207f for endocarditis, 195t fungal infections of, 227-234. See
Ketoconazole, for tinea versicolor, for hospital-acquired pneumonia, also Fungal infections,
107 142, 142t systemic.
Kidney, hydatid cyst in, 258, 259f for staphylococcal skin/soft tissue
Kissing bugs, Chagas disease and, infections, 91 hydatid cyst in, 258, 492, 493,
522, 523f for tuberculosis, 549 495f
Klebsiella granulomatis, 367, 368-369,
368f Lip, herpes simplex virus infection of. Lung abscess
Klebsiella pneumonia, 127, 130f. See See Herpes labialis. in aspiration pneumonia, 153
also Pneumonia, community- in hospital-acquired pneumonia,
acquired bacterial. Lipooligosaccharide, in 144f
Koplik’s spots, 42, 43f meningococcal disease, 24, 25, 27
Kumlinge disease. See Tick-borne Lung biopsy, in endemic mycoses,
encephalitis. Liposomal amphotericin B 231, 231f, 232f
Kyasanur Forest disease, 422t. See also for blastomycosis, 233, 233t
Arbovirus infections. for coccidioidomycosis, 234, 234t Lung cancer, cough in, 132f
L for histoplasmosis, 232-233, 233t Lung flukes, 486-489, 488t, 489f,
Labial herpes, 110-115, 111f, 113t,
114t. See also Herpes simplex Listeria monocytogenes meningitis, 204, 489t
virus infection. 205t, 210t, 211. See also Lyme disease, 430-433
Lactobacillus Meningitis.
for bacterial vaginosis, 364 vs. tick-borne encephalitis, 438t
for rotavirus infection, 40 Liver. See also under Hepatic. Lymphadenopathy
for traveler’s diarrhea, 393 in alveolar echinococcosis, 500,
Lactose intolerance, in giardiasis, 500f in chancroid, 365-367, 365f
459 biopsy of, in hepatitis A, 61 in lymphogranuloma venereum,
Lamivudine cancer of, hepatitis B and, 68
for hepatitis B, 67-68, 406 in cystic echinococcosis, 258, 259f, 339, 339f, 340
for HIV infection, 323-325, 325b 492-493, 494t, 496f. See also Lymphatic filariasis
Laparoscopy, exploratory, for Hydatid cyst.
peritonitis, 288, 288f Plasmodium spp. in, 373-374, 375f clinical features of, 506-507, 506t
Lavage, bronchoalveolar, in schistosomiasis of, 518-519, 518f diagnosis of, 509
ventilator-associated pneumonia, disease burden from, 505
140 Liver abscess, 262-272. See also geographic distribution of, 505,
Left ventricular aneurysm, in Chagas Intraabdominal abscess.
disease, 524, 524f 506f
Legionellosis, 127, 131, 132f, 135t, amebic, 268-272, 270f, 454-455, prevention and control of,
146-151, 148f. See also 455f, 456, 456t
Pneumonia, atypical. 512-513
clinical features of, 148-149 clinical features of, 268-269 prognosis of, 512
diagnosis of, 149, 150t diagnosis of, 269-270, 271f risk factors for, 505
pathogenesis of, 146 disease burden from, 268 treatment of, 510-511, 511t,
prevention of, 151 geographic distribution of, 268
treatment of, 149-150, 151t pathogenesis of, 268, 269f, 270f 512t
Lemierre syndrome, 180 prognosis of, 272 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, 206,
Leopard skin, in onchocerciasis, 508 pyogenic, 268-269, 269f
Leptospirosis, 425-429 risk factors for, 268 210t. See also Meningitis.
treatment of, 270-271, 271f Lymphocytic pleocytosis, in syphilis,
Liver flukes, 486-489, 487f, 488t,
358
489f, 489t Lymphogranuloma venereum,
Liver transplantation, for alveolar
335-343
echinococcosis, 500 clinical features of, 339-340
Loa loa (loiasis) diagnosis of, 340
disease burden from, 335
clinical features of, 506, 506t, 507f follow-up and repeat testing for,
diagnosis of, 510
disease burden from, 506 342-343
geographic distribution of, 506 geographic distribution of, 335
prevention and control of, 343
prognosis of, 343
risk factors for, 336
stages of, 339-340
treatment of, 342
for sexual partners, 342
Lyssaviruses, 413
590 Index
M Megaesophagus, in Chagas disease, Meningitis (Continued)
Macrolides, resistance to, in sinusitis, 524, 525, 525f in syphilis, 352, 355-356
terminology for, 203b
164 Men who have sex with men treatment of, 211-212
Magnetic resonance imaging HIV/AIDS in, 319, 320. See also viral, 203b, 206, 210t
HIV/AIDS. genital herpes–associated, 313
in cysticercosis, 482-483, 483f prophylactic treatment for, 325 West Nile virus, 556f, 557, 557t,
in osteomyelitis, 214 lymphogranuloma venereum in, 558
in sinusitis, 166 336
in tuberculosis, 548 sexually transmitted infections in, Meningitis belt, 24, 204
Majocchi granuloma, 104 300, 301 Meningococcal disease, 24-27, 25f,
Malaria, 373-381, 450
clinical manifestations of, 375 Mendeson syndrome, 154-155, 154t 204-206, 205t. See also
complicated vs. uncomplicated, Meningitest, 209 Meningitis.
Meningitis, 202-212 Meningococcemia, chronic, 25
377 Meningoencephalitis. See also
diagnosis of, 376-377, 377f age and, 203t, 204, 205t Encephalitis; Meningitis.
anatomic considerations in, 202, primary amebic, 442-447
blood smears in, 376, 377f in syphilis, 355-356
rapid tests in, 376, 377f 203f, 204f in varicella, 55
drug-resistant, 373, 380 in anthrax, 562 in West Nile virus infection, 556f,
epidemiology of, 373 arbovirus, 419-423, 422t. See also
etiology of, 373 557, 557t, 558
gametocytes in, 375-376 Arbovirus infections. yellow fever vaccine–associated,
geographic distribution of, 373, aseptic, 203b, 206
386-387, 387f
374f genital herpes–associated, 313 Meningoradiculoneuritis, in Lyme
parasitemia in, 376 bacterial, 19-22, 20f, 202-212,
prevention and control of, 378-381 disease, 432
203b, 205t, 210t Meniscus sign, in pulmonary hydatid
chemoprophylaxis in, 378-381, causes of, 20-21
380f, 381t chronic, 203b disease, 493
clinical features of, 207-208, 207f Meropenem
environmental interventions for, in coccidioidomycosis, 231, 234
378 community-acquired, 203b for hospital-acquired pneumonia,
definition of, 203b 142t
treatment of, 377-378, 378t-380t diagnosis of, 208-211, 208f, 209f,
standby emergency therapy for, for meningitis, 211
381 210t Metagonimus yokogawai, 486, 488t,
epidemiology of, 204-206, 205t
vs. Katayama fever, 518 epidural/subdural abscess in, 208, 489, 489f, 489t
Malassezia spp., tinea versicolor and, Metapneumovirus, human, 160
209f Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
106-107, 108f gonococcal, 346, 348t
Malecot catheter, for fistula in ano, Haemophilus influenzae, 2, 15-18, aureus (MRSA). See
Staphylococcal infections,
284f 18t, 204, 205t methicillin-resistant.
Mansonella ozzardi, 510 herpes simplex, 112, 206, 210t Metronidazole
Mansonella streptocerca, 510 HIV-related, 321-322, 322f for amebiasis, 272, 345t, 456, 456t
Maxillary sinuses in leptospirosis, 425 for bacterial vaginosis, 363-364,
meningococcal, 24-27, 204-206,
anatomy of, 161, 162f, 163f 364t
inflammation of, 161-170. See also 205t for balantidiasis, 464t
microbiology of, 203f, 204-206, for chlamydia, 341
Sinusitis. for diverticulitis, 254t
Mayaro virus infection, 419 205t for giardiasis, 460-461, 461t
Mazzotti reaction, 511t Mollaret’s, 112, 206 for trichomoniasis, 308, 363-364
McBurney’s point, 240, 241f Miconazole, for primary amebic
Measles, 42-45, 43f genital herpes–associated, 313
in mumps, 47 meningoencephalitis, 446
immunization for, 2, 42, 45 neonatal, 204, 205t, 207, 210 Microfilaremia
autism and, 45 nosocomial, 203b, 206
parameningeal infection in, 208, in loiasis, 511, 511t, 514
Mebendazole in lymphatic filariasis, 511, 511t,
for alveolar echinococcosis, 499 209f
for hydatid cyst, 497, 498 pathogenesis and pathophysiology 513
for roundworms, 471-473, 472t, in onchocerciasis, 511, 511t, 513
473t of, 203f, 203t, 206-207 Microscopic agglutination test, for
penicillin resistance and, 204-206
Mechanical ventilation, pneumonia physiologic considerations in, 202 leptospirosis, 427
due to. See Ventilator-associated pneumococcal, 19-22, 20f Microsporum infections, 102-108. See
pneumonia.
immunization for, 204-206 also under Tinea.
Mediastinal fibrosis, in histoplasmosis, in poliomyelitis, 29-30 Middle metal cultures, 166
228, 233-234 prognosis of, 212 MMR vaccine, 42, 45, 49-50, 53. See
recurrent, 203b, 206
Mediastinal granuloma, in risk factors for, 203t also Measles; Mumps; Rubella.
histoplasmosis, 228, 233 sinusitis-associated, 163f, 170 autism and, 45
sources of infection in, 203f Mollaret’s meningitis, 112, 206
Mefloquine, for malaria, 381t genital herpes–related, 313
Megacolon, in Chagas disease, 524,
525, 525f
INDEX 591
Molluscum contagiosum, HIV- Mycobacterium avium complex Necrotizing fasciitis, 76-77, 94,
related, 322, 322f infection, HIV-related, 323, 325t 97-98, 99, 99f, 273-277. See also
Soft tissue infections,
Mosquitoes Mycobacterium chelonae, 118-119, 118t, necrotizing.
Aedes 121
arbovirus infections and, 419- perianal, 280
420, 420t, 421f Mycobacterium fortuitum, 118-119, vs. cellulitis, 84
lymphatic filariasis and, 505 118t, 121 Neglected tropical diseases, 450
yellow fever and, 383, 419-420, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 344. See also
421f Mycobacterium marinum, 85, 117, 118f,
Anopheles, malaria and, 373, 378 118t, 120 Gonorrhea.
arboviruses and, 383, 419-420, drug resistance in, 300, 347-348
420t, 421f, 554, 555f Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 544, 548. Neisseria meningitidis infection, 24-27,
control of. See Insect repellents/ See also Tuberculosis.
insecticides. 204, 205t. See also Meningitis.
Culex, West Nile virus and, 554, Mycobacterium ulcerans, 117-118, 118f, Neonates. See also Children; Infants.
555f 118t, 119f, 120-121
lymphatic filariasis and, 505 gonococcal conjunctivitis in, 345,
yellow fever and, 383, 419-420, Mycoplasmal pharyngitis, 177-178 346f
420t, 421f Mycoplasmal pneumonia, 127, 135t,
prophylaxis for, 350
Mossman ulcer. See Buruli ulcer. 146-155, 147, 147f. See also treatment of, 348t
Mouse tapeworms, 475-480, 476t, Pneumonia, atypical. hepatitis B in, 68, 69-70, 69t
clinical features of, 147 herpes simplex virus infection in,
477t, 479t. See also Tapeworms. diagnosis of, 149, 150t
Moxarella catarrhalis sinusitis, 163- pathogenesis of, 146 112, 113t, 314, 316
treatment of, 149-150, 151t HIV in, 319
164, 164t, 168 Mycoses. See Fungal infections. measles in, 44
Moxifloxacin Myelography, in meningitis, 209f meningitis in, 204, 205t, 207, 210
Myocarditis osteomyelitis in, 215t, 219t
for chlamydial pneumonia, 151t in Chagas disease, 522, 525 tetanus in, 7, 8
for diverticulitis, 254t in leptospirosis, 425, 426, 427 varicella in, 56
for hospital-acquired pneumonia, in mumps, 49 West Nile virus infection in, 558
in mycoplasma pneumonia, 147f Neuralgia, postherpetic, 56, 58
142t Myonecrosis prevention of, 59, 59t
for legionellosis, 151t clostridial, 76-77, 94, 99-100 Neuraminidase antigens, 530
for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t vs. cellulitis, 84 Neuraminidase inhibitors, for
for sinusitis, 168, 169t uterine, 100
Mucocele, appendiceal, 240f Myositis influenza, 36, 157
Mucolytics, for sinusitis, 168 abscess in, 292-294, 293f novel/pandemic, 534
Mucor sinusitis, 164 in influenza, 35 Neuroborreliosis, 432
Mucous patches, in syphilis, 352, 354f in measles, 44 Neurocysticercosis, 481-484, 484f
Mumps, 47-50, 48f vs. cellulitis, 84 Neurosurgery, meningitis after, 203b,
immunization for, 2, 49-50 N
Naegleria fowleri, 442-447, 443f-446f 206, 209, 211
autism and, 45 Nafcillin Neurosyphilis, 206, 210t, 352,
meningitis in, 206, 210t for endocarditis, 194t
Mupirocin, for impetigo, 79 for staphylococcal skin infections, 355-356, 356f. See also Syphilis.
Murray Valley encephalitis, 419-423. cerebrospinal fluid analysis in, 358,
90
See also Arbovirus infections. Nails 359f
Muscle abscess, 292-294, 293f late, 355-356, 356f
Muscle biopsy, in trichinellosis, 503, biopsy of, 109 treatment of, 359, 359f, 360t
infections of, 87, 89, 89f Nevirapine, for HIV infection,
503f
Muscle spasms, in tetanus, 8, 8f, 9 dermatophyte, 106, 109 323-325, 325b
Mushroom catheter, for fistula in ano, Nasal colonization, staphylococcal, Niclosamide, for tapeworms, 479t
Nifurtimox, for Chagas disease,
284f 89-90, 91
Mycobacterial infections Nasal polyps, sinusitis and, 165 524-525
Nasogastric/nasotracheal intubation, Nikolsky sign, 97
nontuberculous, 85, 117-122 Nitazoxanide
classification of, 117, 118t sinusitis and, 163-164, 165
diagnosis of, 119-120, 120f, National Childhood Vaccine Injury for cryptosporidiosis, 464, 464t
122f for giardiasis, 461, 461t
etiology of, 118-119, 118t Act of 1986, 4 for tapeworms, 479t
prevention of, 122 Nausea and vomiting, in appendicitis, Nitrofurantoin, for pyelonephritis,
prognosis of, 121-122
rapidly growing mycobacterial, 239 225
118-119, 118t, 121 Necator americanus. See also Nongonococcal urethritis, 305,
treatment of, 120-121, 121t
Hookworms. 305f
tuberculous. See Tuberculosis. life cycle of, 467t, 470f Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Mycobacterium abscessus, 118-119, 118t, Neck stiffness, in meningitis, 16,
(NSAIDs), necrotizing soft tissue
121 207-208, 207f infections and, 273
Necrosectomy, for pancreatic abscess, Norovirus infection, in travelers,
390-393, 391f
265-266 Nosocomial meningitis, 203b, 206
592 Index
Nosocomial pneumonia. See Oropharyngeal anthrax, 561, 561f, P
Pneumonia, hospital-acquired. 562, 564, 564t Pain
Novel influenza, 530-536. See also Oropouche virus infection, 419-423. abdominal, differential diagnosis of,
Influenza, novel/pandemic. See also Arbovirus infections. 252, 253f
Nuchal rigidity, in meningitis, 16, Ortivancin, for staphylococcal skin/ in appendicitis, 239-240, 241f, 287
207-208, 207f soft tissue infections, 91 in cholangitis, 245, 246, 247f
in hepatic echinococcosis, 492
Nucleic acid amplification tests Oseltamivir, for influenza, 36, 157 joint, in mumps, 48-49
for Chlamydia trachomatis, 340 from novel viruses, 534 of liver abscess, 268, 271f
for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 548 in mumps, 48-49
for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 347 Osteochondritis. See also in necrotizing fasciitis, 98
for Trichomonas vaginalis, 303, Osteomyelitis. in otitis media, 172-173, 176
305 in peritonitis, 287
contiguous, 218, 219t in streptococcal toxic shock
O patellar, 218
Obesity, diverticulitis and, 251 Pseudomonas, 217-218 syndrome, 97
Obturator sign, 240 Osteomyelitis, 185-186, 214-220 PAIR technique, for hydatid cyst, 258,
Ocular infections. See Ophthalmic chronic, 214, 217f
contiguous osteochondritis and, 261, 496-497
infections. Pancreatic abscess
Oculoglandular tularemia, 570, 570f. 218, 219t
hematogenous, 214-217, 215f, 215t, diagnosis of, 264. See also
See also Tularemia. Intraabdominal abscess.
Odontogenic sinusitis, 163 216f, 216t
Ofloxacin neonatal, 215t, 219t treatment of, 265-266
nontuberculous mycobacterial, 118, Pancreatic necrosis, 264
for chlamydia, 341 Pancreatic pseudocyst, 264
for typhoid fever, 397, 397t, 398t 121t Pancreatitis
Oil of lemon eucalyptus oil, 423 patellar osteochondritis and, 218
Olecranon bursitis, 83, 84, 84f pelvic, 218-220 complications of, 264
Omsk hemorrhagic fever, 420t. See Pseudomonas osteochondritis and, in mumps, 48
Pandemics. See Emerging infectious
also Arbovirus infections. 217-218
Onchocerca volvulus, 505 sinusitis-associated, 163f, 170 diseases and pandemics.
vertebral, 216f, 220 Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)
life cycle of, 509f Otitis media, 172-176
Onchocerciasis anatomic aspects of, 172, 173f gene, 88, 127, 292
clinical features of, 172-173, 174f Pap tests
clinical features of, 506t, 507-508, day care and, 176
507f diagnosis of, 173 for human papillomavirus infection,
disease burden in, 172 73, 329, 330t
disease burden from, 505 with effusion, 174
geographic distribution of, 505 etiology of, 172 for trichomoniasis, 305, 306f, 307t
prevention and control of, 513-514 in evidence-based medicine, 174 Papillomaviruses, 71
prognosis of, 512 in measles, 43 Papules, split, in syphilis, 352, 354f
risk factors for, 505-506 microbiology of, 172, 173 Para-aminosalicylate
treatment of, 511, 511t, 512t pathogenesis of, 172, 173f
Onychomycosis, dermatophyte, pneumococcal, 19-22 adverse effects of, 550t
Polyanna phenomenon in, 174 for tuberculosis, 549
106 prevention of, 176 Paragonimiasis, 486-489, 488t, 489f,
O’nyong-nyong virus infection, 420. risk factors for, 173b
serotype 19A, 176 489t
See also Arbovirus infections. treatment of, 174-176 Parainfluenza, 158t, 159-160
Oophoritis, mumps, 48 Otorrhea, 173 Paralysis
Ophthalmia neonatorum, 345, 346f Otoscopy, in otitis media, 174, 174f
Outdoor activities, infections acquired acute flaccid, 29, 31-32
prophylaxis for, 350 in polio, 30, 31f. See also
treatment of, 348t via, 372
Ophthalmic infections Ova and parasite stool examination. Poliomyelitis.
gonococcal, 345, 346f, 348t, 350. in West Nile virus infection,
See also Stool examination.
See also Gonorrhea. in roundworm infections, 470 557-558
herpes simplex virus, 112, 114t in schistosomiasis, 519, 520f Paralytic (dumb) rabies, 413, 414-415
Opisthorchiasis, 486-489, 488t, 489f, for tapeworms, 478 Paranasal sinuses
Oxacillin
489t for endocarditis, 194t anatomy of, 162f, 163f
Opisthotonus, 8, 8f for staphylococcal skin infections, inflammation of, 161-170. See also
Orachol, 393
Oral candidiasis, HIV-related, 321 90 Sinusitis.
Oral polio vaccine, 32 Oxamniquine, for schistosomiasis, irrigation of, 168
Orchitis Parasitemia, 376
520 Parasitic diseases
gonococcal, 345, 346f. See also Oxygen, hyperbaric, for necrotizing amebiasis, 452-457
Gonorrhea. balantidiasis, 463
soft tissue infections, 99, 276 Blastocystis hominis infection,
mumps, 48, 49
Organ/organ space surgical site 464-465
Chagas disease, 522-525
infections, 295, 296t cryptosporidiosis, 464
cyclosporiasis, 464-465
INDEX 593
Parasitic diseases (Continued) Penicillin Pharyngitis, 177-182
cysticercosis, 481-484 for bacterial pneumonia, resistance bacterial, 177-178, 178f, 178t
Dientamoeba fragilis infection, to, 129 vs. viral, 179
463-464 for cellulitis, 84, 85 chlamydial, 177-178, 339, 340
echinococcosis, 491-500 for endocarditis, 193-196, clinical features of, 178-179
alveolar, 498-500, 499f, 500f 194t-196t complications of, 179-180, 179f,
cystic, 258-261, 259f, 260f, for erysipelas, 84 180f
491-498 Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction and, diagnosis of, 178, 180-181
filarial diseases, 505-514 359, 361, 429 differential diagnosis of, 6, 178t,
food-borne trematodes, 486-489 for meningitis, resistance to, 179
giardiasis, 458-462 204-206 diphtherial, 6, 178
intestinal flukes, 486-489 for meningococcal disease, 25-26 epidemiology of, 177
intestinal roundworms, 466-474 for necrotizing fasciitis, 99 Epstein-Barr virus, 179, 179f
isosporiasis, 463 for pneumococcal disease, 21 gonococcal, 177, 344-345, 346f. See
liver flukes, 486-489 for streptococcal pharyngitis, also Gonorrhea.
lung flukes, 486-489 181-182, 181t treatment of, 347-348, 348t
morbidity due to, 450, 451t for streptococcal toxic shock herpes simplex, 177, 179
overview of, 450-451 syndrome, 99 microbiology of, 177-178, 178t
sarcosporidiosis, 463 Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance mycoplasmal, 177-178
schistosomiasis, 516-520 to, 169 noninfectious causes of, 178
soil-transmitted helminthic for syphilis, 359, 360t peritonsillar abscess in, 179-180,
infections, 466-474 179f
tapeworms, 475-480 Penicillin G streptococcal, 177-182, 178f, 178t.
in travelers, 390-393, 391f, for anthrax, 564-565 See also Streptococcal
392t for leptospirosis, 428t, 429 pharyngitis.
trichinellosis, 502-504 for Lyme disease, 433, 433t scarlet fever and, 97
for syphilis, 359, 359f, 360t treatment of, 181-182, 181t
Paratyphoid fever, 394-398 viral, 177, 178t, 179f
Paromomycin Peramivir, for influenza, from novel vs. bacterial, 179
viruses, 534
for amebiasis, 456, 456t Pia, 202
for Dientamoeba fragilis infection, Percutaneous aspiration, injection, Picaridin, 423
and reaspiration (PAIR), for Pilonidal sinus, fistula in ano and,
464, 464t hydatid cyst, 258, 261, 496-497
for giardiasis, 461, 461t 282
Paronychia, 87, 89, 89f Percutaneous transhepatic Pinworms
dermatophyte, 106, 109 cholangiography, 248f, 249
Parotid swelling, differential diagnosis clinical features of, 469-470, 472f
Perianal abscess, 279-280, 280f. See diagnosis of, 470
of, 49 also Anorectal abscess. Dientamoeba fragilis and, 463
Parotitis, 47-50, 48f geographic distribution of, 466
Partner notification Perianal necrotizing fasciitis, 280 prevention and control of,
Pericarditis, amebic, 455
for chlamydia, 342 Perineal examination, for anorectal 473-474
for gonorrhea, 348-349 risk factors for, 466
for lymphogranuloma venereum, abscess, 278 treatment of, 470-473, 473t
Peritoneum, anatomy of, 264f Piperacillin-tazobactam, for hospital-
342 Peritonitis, 286-290
Partner therapy, patient-delivered acquired pneumonia, 142t
appendicitis and, 287, 287f Plague, pneumonic, 127, 135t,
for chlamydia, 342 clinical features of, 286-288,
for gonorrhea, 348-349 146-151, 149t. See also
Passive immunization, 2-3 287f Pneumonia, atypical.
Pasteurella multocida infection, 85 diagnosis of, 288-289, 288f Plantar warts, 72
Pastia sign, 97 disease burden from, 286 Plasmodium falciparum, 373-377
Patellar osteochondritis, 218 diverticulitis and, 252, 287, 287f Plasmodium knowlesi, 373, 374t, 376
Patient-delivered partner therapy etiology of, 287f Plasmodium malariae, 373, 374t, 376
for chlamydia, 342 geographic distribution of, 286 Plasmodium ovale, 373, 374t, 375, 377
for gonorrhea, 348-349 microbiology of, 289 Plasmodium spp. See also Malaria.
Pediarix, 70 prognosis of, 290 characteristics of, 374t
Pelvic inflammatory disease pyogenic liver abscess and, drugs resistance in, 373, 380
chlamydial, 335, 337, 341-342 life cycle of, 373-376, 374f, 374t,
clinical features of, 337, 337f 268-269
complications of, 337 risk factors for, 286 375f
gonococcal, 345, 346f, 348t. tertiary, 286 Plasmodium vivax, 373, 374t, 375,
treatment of, 289-290
See also Gonorrhea. Peritonsillar abscess, 179-180, 179f 377
risk factors for Permethrin Pleconaril, for poliomyelitis, 32
Pelvic osteomyelitis, 218-220 for arbovirus infections, 423 Plesiomonas shigelloides infection, in
Penciclovir, for herpes simplex virus for Lyme disease, 433
for tick-borne encephalitis, 439 travelers, 390-393
infection, 113, 114 Pertussis, 11-14 Pleuropulmonary amebiasis, 455
immunization for, 2, 3, 14, 70
594 Index
Pneumococcal disease, 19-22, 20f, Pneumonia (Continued) Podofilox, for genital warts, 331, 332t
127-131, 132, 134, 135t mortality in, 131 Poliomyelitis, 29-32, 30f
outpatient vs. inpatient care for,
antimicrobial resistance in, 204-206 130-131 abortive, 29
to macrolides, 164 pathogenesis of, 127, 128f-130f immunization for, 2, 30f, 32, 70
to penicillin, 169 pneumococcal, 19-23, 20f, 127, incidence of, 30f
to trimethoprim- 128f. See also Pneumococcal nonparalytic, 29-30
sulfamethoxazole, 164 disease. paralytic, 30-31
prevention of, 134
clinical presentation of, 20-21, 20f prognosis of, 134 bulbar, 31
disease burden from, 19 pseudomonal, 127, 133, 134, vaccine-associated, 32
geographic distribution of, 19 135t pathogenesis of, 30f
HIV-related, 321 risk factors for, 127, 128b, 133t postpolio syndrome and, 32
immunization for, 19-22, 20f, 134 staphylococcal, 8, 127-129, 133, West Nile virus, 557-558
134t, 135t Polioviruses, 29, 30f
meningitis and, 204-206 treatment of, 133-134, 134t, 135t Polyanna phenomenon, 174
otitis media and, 172, 176 typical causes of, 127, 129t Polyarthritis. See Arthritis.
invasive, 20-21 Polymerase chain reaction
meningeal, 204-206, 205t. See also Friedländer’s, 127, 130f for arboviruses, 422
fungal, 227-234. See also Fungal for Bordetella pertussis, 12-13
Meningitis. for Haemophilus ducreyi, 366
microbiology of, 19 infections, systemic. for herpes simplex virus, 315, 315t
pathogenesis of, 19 health care–associated, 137 reverse-transcriptase
pulmonary, 19-23, 20f, 127, 128f, in histoplasmosis, 227-234. See also for novel influenza, 533
for SARS, 540-541
129, 132, 134, 135t. See also Histoplasmosis. Polyps, nasal, sinusitis and, 165
Pneumonia, community- in HIV infection, 320-321, 321f Pork, trichinellosis and, 502-504, 503f
acquired bacterial. hospital-acquired, 137-145 Pork tapeworms, 475-480, 476t, 479t.
risk factors for, 19-20 See also Tapeworms.
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, 321, clinical features of, 138-139 cysticercosis and, 481-484, 482f,
321f, 325t complications of, 143, 144f
Pneumonia definition of, 137 483f
adenoviral, 158t, 160 diagnosis of, 139-140, 140t, 141f Posaconazole
aspiration, 153-156 differential diagnosis of, 139-140,
atypical, 146-151 for coccidioidomycosis, 234
clinical features of, 146-149, 149t 139f for histoplasmosis, 233
definition of, 146 disease burden from, 137 Position, tripod, in epiglottitis, 15,
diagnosis of, 149 drug resistance in, 142, 142t,
disease burden from, 146 16f
microbiology of, 146, 147-149, 143f Postherpetic neuralgia, 56, 58
geographic distribution of, 137
150t microbiology of, 137 prevention of, 59, 59t
mycoplasmal, 146, 147, 147f prevention of, 144-145 Postnasal drip, cough in, 132f
pathogenesis of, 146 prognosis of, 143-144 Postpolio syndrome, 32
prevention of, 151 risk factors for, 137, 138f Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis,
treatment of, 149-151, 150t, 151t site of care in, 140
in blastomycosis, 228-229, 229f. See treatment of, 140-143, 142t 180
ventilator-associated. See impetigo and, 78, 79
also Blastomycosis. Potassium hydroxide microscopy, for
community-acquired, definition of, Ventilator-associated
pneumonia. dermatophytoses, 108-109
127 vs. health care–associated Potassium hydroxide test, for bacterial
community-acquired bacterial, pneumonia, 137
influenzal, 35, 127, 157, 159f vaginosis, 362, 363t
127-135 in measles, 43 Pott’s puffy tumor, 170
antibiotic-resistant, 127-129, mycoplasmal, 127, 135t Praziquantel
Pneumocystis jiroveci, 321, 321f, 325t
129f respiratory syncytial virus, 158t, for cysticercosis, 484
atypical, 127 159 for food-borne trematodes, 487-
complications of, 20f varicella, 56, 57f
diagnosis of, 130-132 viral, 157-160 488, 489t
differential diagnosis of, 130, Pneumonia prediction rule, 131 for hydatid cyst, 497-498
Pneumonia severity index, 131 for schistosomiasis, 520
131b, 132f Pneumonic plague, 127, 135t, 146- for tapeworms, 479t
disease burden from, 127 151, 149t, 150t. See also Prednisone. See also Corticosteroids.
Haemophilus influenzae, 16, 127 Pneumonia, atypical. for trichinellosis, 503
immunization for, 19-22, 20f, Pneumonic tularemia, 569-570, 569f. Pregnancy
See also Tularemia. appendicitis in, 242, 242f, 243
134 Pneumonitis, chemical, aspiration- bacterial vaginosis in, 363
Klebsiella, 127, 130f associated, 154-155, 154t genital warts in, 72, 74
Legionella, 127, 131, 132, 135t giardiasis in, 461
methicillin-resistant, 127-129, gonorrhea in, ophthalmia
133, 134t, 135t neonatorum and, 345, 346f,
microbiology of, 127-129, 129t, 348t, 350
130-132, 133t
INDEX 595
Pregnancy (Continued) Psoas abscess, in pyomyositis, 292- Rabies (Continued)
granuloma inguinale in, 369, 369b 294, 293f etiology of, 413
hepatitis B in, 69, 69t geographic distribution of, 411-
hepatitis E in, 409 Psoas sign, in appendicitis, 240 413, 412f, 413f
HIV/AIDS in, 319 Psoriasis, of foot, 105f immunization for, 415-417
measles in, 44 Puborectalis muscle, examination of, adverse reactions to, 417
mumps in, 49 for postexposure prophylaxis,
rubella in, 52-53, 52t, 53f 279 416-417, 417f
syphilis in, 351, 356. See also Puerperal sepsis, clostridial, 100 for preexposure prophylaxis,
Syphilis, congenital. Pulmonary edema, in SARS, 540f 416
screening for, 356 Pulmonary histoplasmosis. See paralytic (dumb), 413, 414-415
treatment of, 360-361 pathophysiology of, 413, 414f
trichomoniasis in, 309 Histoplasmosis. transmission of, 413
tularemia in, 571 Pulmonary hydatid cyst, 258, 492, treatment of, 415-416
varicella-zoster virus infection in,
56 493, 495f. See also Hydatid Rabies hysteria, 415
West Nile virus infection in, 558, cyst. Rabies immune globulin, 416-417,
559 Pulmonary hypertension, cough in,
132f 417f
Pressure ulcers, osteomyelitis and, Pulmonary infarction, radiography in, Rabies virus, 413
218f 141f Race/ethnicity
Puncture wound osteochondritis,
Preterm infants, immunization of, 3 217-218, 220 genital herpes and, 311
Primaquine, for malaria, 377, 378t, Pupil, Argyll-Robertson, in HIV/AIDS and, 319
neurosyphilis, 355 trichomoniasis and, 303
381t Purulent cellulitis, 76, 83, 84f Radiography
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis, PVL gene, 88 chest
Pyelonephritis, 221-226. See also
442-447 Urinary tract infections. abnormal, noninfectious causes
Probiotics emphysematous, 224 of, 141f
Pyogenic liver abscess, 268-272, 269f.
for bacterial vaginosis, 364 See also Liver abscess. in blastomycosis, 229, 229f
for cystitis Pyomyositis, 292-294, 293f in coccidioidomycosis, 229, 230f
for rotavirus infection, 40 Pyrantel pamoate, for roundworms, in COPD exacerbations, 184,
for traveler’s diarrhea, 393 471, 472t, 473t
Procaine penicillin, for syphilis, 359, Pyrazinamide 185f
adverse effects of, 550t in histoplasmosis, 228f
360t for tuberculosis, 548-549 in hospital-acquired pneumonia,
Proctitis dosage of, 546t
resistance to, 546, 546t, 547f. See 140
chlamydial, 338, 339f in legionellosis, 148f
differential diagnosis of, 313 also Tuberculosis, in mycoplasmal pneumonia,
gonococcal, 344-345, 346f, 348t. multidrug-resistant.
Pyuria, 222, 223f 147f
See also Gonorrhea. Q in pneumonia, 128f-130f, 130
herpes simplex, 312 Q fever, 127, 135t, 146-151, 149t. in SARS, 539, 539f, 540f
Progressive multifocal See also Pneumonia, atypical. in tuberculosis, 547-548
Quantitative endotracheal aspirates, in in diverticulitis, 252f, 253
leukoencephalopathy, HIV- ventilator-associated pneumonia, in hydatid disease, 493, 494t, 495f
related, 321-322 140 in osteomyelitis, 214, 215t, 216f,
Prostatitis, 222, 225. See also Urinary Quellung reaction, 20f
tract infections. Quinacrine, for giardiasis, 461, 461t 217f, 217t
chlamydial, 338 Quinidine, for malaria, 378 sinus, 166
Prosthetic valve endocarditis, 197- Quinine, for malaria, 379t Radioisotope scanning, in
199, 197t, 198f, 199f Quinsy, 179-180, 179f
Protected specimen brush sampling, Quinupristin-dalfopristin osteomyelitis, 214, 216f, 217
in ventilator-associated for endocarditis, 195t, 196t Raltegravir, for HIV infection, 323,
pneumonia, 140 for staphylococcal skin/soft tissue
Protozoa, pathogenicity of, 464t infections, 91 324b
Pseudallescheria boydii sinusitis, 164 R Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, 56
Pseudobuboes, in granuloma Rabbit fever. See Tularemia. Rapid antigen detection test (RADT)
inguinale, 368, 368f Rabies, 411-417
Pseudocyst, pancreatic, 264 clinical features of, 413-415 for group A Streptococcus, 180-181,
Pseudomembrane, in diphtheria, 6, 6f diagnosis of, 415 181f
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection differential diagnosis of, 415
hot tub folliculitis and, 90 encephalitic (furious), 413 for Trichomonas vaginalis, 305t, 306,
pneumonia, 127, 133, 134, 135t 308
soft tissue, 85
Pseudomonas osteochondritis, 217-218 Rapid plasma reagin test, for syphilis,
Psittacosis, 127, 135t, 146-151, 149t, 356-357
150t. See also Pneumonia,
atypical. Rash
blueberry muffin, 52, 53f
in herpes zoster, 55, 56f
in leptospirosis, 425
in Lyme disease, 430, 431f
in measles, 42, 43f, 44
in meningococcal disease, 25, 26f
596 Index Ribavirin Russian spring-summer encephalitis,
Rash (Continued) for adenovirus infection, 160 422t. See also Arbovirus
for hepatitis C, 408 infections; Tick-borne
in mycoplasma pneumonia, 147, for respiratory syncytial virus encephalitis.
147f infection, 159
S
in onchocerciasis, 507f, 508 Rifampin Sabin polio vaccine, 32
in rubella, 52, 53f, 54f adverse effects of, 550t St. Louis encephalitis, 419-423. See
in scarlet fever, 97 for Haemophilus influenzae
in schistosomiasis, 517 meningitis, 18 also Arbovirus infections.
in staphylococcal toxic shock for legionellosis, 150 Salk vaccine, 32
for meningococcal disease, 27 Salmonella enterica infection, 394-398
syndrome, 94, 95f, 96f for Mycobacterium marinum Salmonellosis, in travelers, 390-393,
in streptococcal toxic shock infection, 120, 121t
for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, 391f
syndrome, 97 121, 121t Sandfly fever, 419
in strongyloidiasis, 468, 469, for primary amebic Sarcoma, Kaposi’s, 322, 323
meningoencephalitis, 446 Sarcosporidiosis, 463, 464f
471f for tuberculosis, 548-549 SARS-associated coronavirus, 537. See
in syphilis, 352-354, 354f dosage of, 546t
in tinea versicolor, 106, 108f resistance to, 544-546, 546t, also Severe acute respiratory
in typhoid/paratyphoid fever, 396, 547t. See also Tuberculosis, syndrome (SARS).
multidrug-resistant. laboratory tests for, 540-541
396f Scarlet fever, 97. See also Soft tissue
in varicella, 55, 56f Rifaximin, for traveler’s diarrhea, 392, infections, necrotizing.
Rat tapeworms, 475-480, 476t, 477t, 392t streptococcal pharyngitis and, 97,
479t. See also Tapeworms. Rift Valley fever, 419-423, 420t, 422t. 178
Reactive arthritis. See also Arthritis. See also Arbovirus infections. Schistosoma guineensis, 516, 517t
Schistosoma haematobium, 516, 517t,
chlamydial, 339, 342 Rimantadine, for influenza, 36, 157
Recombivax, 70 from novel viruses, 534 519, 520
Rectal prolapse, in whipworm Schistosoma intercalatum, 516, 517t,
Ringworm. See under Tinea.
infection, 467, 469f RIPA assay, for Chagas disease, 524 519
Rectovaginal fistula, in Crohn’s Risus sardonicus, 8, 8f Schistosoma japonicum, 516, 517t,
Ritonavir, for HIV infection, 323-
disease, 256-257, 284f 519
Red blood cells, Plasmodium growth 325, 324b Schistosoma mansoni, 516, 517t, 518f,
River blindness. See Onchocerciasis.
in, 375, 375f, 376f RNA testing 519
Reduviid bugs, Chagas disease and, Schistosoma mekongi, 516, 517t
for hepatitis C, 407 Schistosomes, swimmer’s itch and,
522 for HIV infection, 323
Reiter’s syndrome, 339 for Trichomonas vaginalis, 306 90
Renal hydatid cyst, 258, 259f Rodent tapeworms, 475-480, 476t, Schistosomiasis, 516-520, 517f-520f,
Respiratory failure
477t, 479t. See also Tapeworms. 517t
in novel influenza, 533 Romaña sign, 522 Schneider’s disease. See Tick-borne
in SARS, 539 Rosetting, 375
Respiratory infections Ross River virus infection, 419-423, encephalitis.
lower tract, 157-160. See also Scoliosis, in polio, 31f
420t. See also Arbovirus Screening
Pneumonia. infections.
overview of, 126 Rotavirus infection, 39-41, 40f for asymptomatic bacteriuria, 221,
upper tract. See Otitis media; in travelers, 390-393, 391f 222
Roundworms, 466-474
Pharyngitis; Sinusitis. clinical features of, 466-470, 467t, for cervical cancer, 73, 329-330,
viral, 157-160 330t
Respiratory papillomatosis, 72 468f-473f
Respiratory syncytial virus infection, diagnosis of, 470 for chlamydia, 340
geographic distribution of, 466 for gonorrhea, 347
158t, 159 prevention and control of, 473-474 for hepatitis A, in international
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, for risk factors for, 466
soil-transmitted, 466-468, 470-474 adoptees, 65
HIV infection, 323-325, 324b, treatment of, 470-473, 472t, 473t for hepatitis B, 68
324f Rovsing sign, 240, 241 for hepatitis C, 408-409
Reverse-transcription polymerase Rubella, 51-53 for HIV infection, 323
chain reaction immunization for, 2, 53. See also for syphilis, in pregnancy, 356
for novel influenza, 533 Scrotal elephantiasis, in lymphatic
for SARS, 540-541 MMR vaccine.
Reye’s syndrome, 58 autism and, 45 filariasis, 510f
Reynold’s pentad, 245 Rubeola, 42-45, 43f Searl ulcer. See Buruli ulcer.
Rhagades, in congenital syphilis, immunization for, 2, 42, 45 Seizures, in cysticercosis, 481-484
357f Selective digestive decontamination,
Rheumatic fever, 180, 180f
Rhinitis for pneumonia prevention, 144f
allergic, 162 Selenium sulfide, for tinea versicolor,
sinusitis and, 162, 165
Rhinitis medicamentosa, 168 107
Rhinosinusitis. See Sinusitis. Semple rabies vaccines, 417
INDEX 597
Sepsis/septic shock Sindbis virus infection, 419-423, 420t. Skin testing
clostridial puerperal, 100 See also Arbovirus infections. for allergens, in sinusitis, 166
Haemophilus influenzae, 2, 15-18, for tuberculosis, 551-552
18t Sinecatechins, for genital warts, 331,
meningococcal, 24-27 332t Smoking, diverticulitis and, 251
in necrotizing soft tissue infections, Snails, as schistosomiasis vectors,
273-274, 275f Sinogram, in osteomyelitis, 217f
Sinus puncture, 163, 166 516-517
Septic arthritis. See also Arthritis. Sinusitis, 161-170 Snuffles, 356
Haemophilus influenzae, 16, 17 Soft tissue infections. See also Skin
nontuberculous mycobacterial, acute, 161, 165
121t treatment of, 166-170 infections.
pneumococcal, 20, 20f antimicrobial resistance in, 276
allergic, 161, 165 diagnosis of, 76
Septic syndrome, in tularemia, 570, anatomic considerations in, 161, epidemiology of, 76-77
570f herpes simplex, 110-115
162f, 163f lesion types in, 76
Septicemia, meningococcal, 24-27 bacterial, 161 necrotizing, 76-77, 94-100,
Setons, for fistula in ano, 283, 284f chronic, 161, 165, 170
Severe acute respiratory syndrome clinical features of, 165 273-277
comorbid conditions and, 170 antimicrobial resistance in, 276
(SARS), 537-542 complications of, 163f, 170 classification of, 94
clinical features of, 538-539, 539f definition of, 161 clinical features of, 273-274, 275f
diagnosis of, 540-541 diagnosis of, 165-166, 165t, 167f clostridial, 76-77, 84, 94, 99-100,
disease burden from, 537 epidemiology of, 161
geographic distribution of, 537 fungal, 164, 164t, 165, 170 275f, 276
laboratory findings in, 539-540 imaging studies in, 165-166, 167f course of, 273-274
prevention and control of, in immunocompromised host, crepitant cellulitis, 100
diagnosis of, 274-276
541-542 162-163, 164, 166 disease burden in, 94, 273
prognosis of, 541 microbiology of, 163-164, 164t gas gangrene, 99-100
reporting of, 542 nosocomial, 163-164, 165 geographic distribution of, 273
risk factors for, 538 odontogenic, 163 microbiology of, 274f
transmission of, 537-538 recurrent, 161 mixed aerobic-nonaerobic, 94
treatment of, 541 rhinitis and, 162, 165 morbidity and mortality in, 100
Severe pulmonary hemorrhage risk factors for, 162-163, 164b necrotizing fasciitis, 76-77, 94,
subacute, 161
syndrome, 426 97-98, 99, 99f
Sexually transmitted infections. See treatment of, 170 nomenclature of, 273
treatment of, 166-170, 168b, 169t, perianal, 280
also Urinary tract infections. prevention and control of,
bacterial vaginosis, 305t, 362-364, 170f
viral, 161 276-277
363f, 363t Skin biopsy prognosis of, 276
chancroid, 364-367, 365f, 366b, in dermatophytoses, 109 risk factors for, 273
in endemic mycoses, 231 scarlet fever, 97
366f Skin culture, in dermatophytoses, 109 staphylococcal. See
chlamydia, 335-343 Skin infections, 83, 87-93, 88f. See
genital herpes, 110-115, 112f, 113t, Staphylococcal skin/soft
also Soft tissue infections and tissue infections.
114, 311-317 specific infections. vs. cellulitis, 84
gonorrhea, 221, 344-350 in coccidioidomycosis, 230, 230f overview of, 76-77
granuloma inguinale, 367-369, diagnosis of, 76 streptococcal, 76-79, 79f
epidemiology of, 76-77 surgical site, 238, 295-297, 296t
367f, 368f erysipelas, 81-85 Soil-transmitted helminthic
hepatitis B, 400 herpes simplex, 110-115 infections, 466-474. See also
hepatitis C, 401 HIV-related, 322, 322f Roundworms.
HIV/AIDS, 300, 319-325 impetigo, 78-79 Spasticity, in tetanus, 8, 8f, 9
human papillomavirus infection, lesion types in, 76 Spectinomycin, for gonorrhea, 348t
necrotizing. See Soft tissue Sphenoid sinuses
71-74, 327-333 anatomy of, 161, 162f, 163f
lymphogranuloma venereum, infections, necrotizing. inflammation of, 161-170. See also
nontuberculous mycobacterial, Sinusitis.
335-343 Spider bites, brown recluse, 84
overview of, 300-301 117-122 Spinal tap, 208, 208f
prevention and control of, 301 overview of, 76-77 Spine
rates of, 300, 301 pathogenesis of, 77 hydatid cyst of, 493-495
syphilis, 351-361 prevention of, 77 osteomyelitis of, 216f, 220
treatment of, 300-301 staphylococcal, 76, 87-93. See also Spleen, abscess of, 262-267. See also
trichomoniasis, 303-309 Intraabdominal abscess.
Shampoos, antifungal, 103 Staphylococcal skin/soft tissue Split papules, in syphilis, 352, 354f
Shigellosis, in travelers, 390-393, infections.
superficial fungal, 102-109. See also
391f Dermatophyte infections.
Shock, septic. See Sepsis/septic shock. surgical site, 238, 295-297, 296t
Simulium flies, onchocerciasis and,
506-507, 507f, 510, 513
598 Index
Spring-summer encephalitis. See Staphylococcal skin/soft tissue Streptococcal pharyngitis, 177-182.
Tick-borne encephalitis. infections (Continued) See also Pharyngitis.
Sputum, currant jelly, 130f nasal colonization and, 89-90, 91 clinical features of, 178, 178f, 178t
Sputum examination necrotizing. See Soft tissue complications of, 179-180, 179f,
in atypical pneumonia, 150t infections, necrotizing. 180f
in bacterial pneumonia, 20f, 21, pathogenesis of, 87-88, 88f, 89f diagnosis of, 178, 180-181, 180t,
prevention and control of, 90-91
129f, 130f, 131-132 quinolone-resistant, 90 181f
in COPD exacerbations, 184, 185f recurrent, 90-91 differential diagnosis of, 178t, 179
in hospital-acquired pneumonia, risk factors for, 88 microbiology of, 177, 178t
treatment of, 90-91 peritonsillar abscess in, 179-180,
140, 141f vancomycin-resistant, 91
in pneumococcal disease, 20f, 21 Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, 179f
in tuberculosis, 548 risk assessment for, 180, 180t, 181f
Staining 94-96, 95f, 96f, 96t. See also Soft scarlet fever and, 97, 178
acid-fast bacillus tissue infections, necrotizing. treatment of, 181-182, 181t
Staphylococcus aureus, nasal Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome,
of nontuberculous mycobacteria, colonization with, 89-90, 91
120 Staphylococcus saprophyticus infection, 95, 96-97, 96t. See also Soft tissue
urinary tract, 221, 222 infections, necrotizing.
technique for, 122f Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection, Streptococcus pneumoniae. See
Gram 85 Pneumococcal disease.
Stensen’s duct, in mumps, 47, 48f Streptomycin
in bacterial vaginosis, 362-363, Stents, biliary, 248f adverse effects of, 550t
366, 366f Steroids. See Corticosteroids. for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, in
in gonorrhea, 347, 347f mycoplasma pneumonia, 147f 121, 121t
sputum. See Sputum examination. Stiff neck, in meningitis, 16, 207-208, for tuberculosis
Staphylococcal infections 207f
methicillin-resistant Stones. See Calculi. dosage of, 546t
Stool examination resistance to, 546, 546t, 547f. See
pneumonia, 127-129, 133, 134t in amebiasis, 455
pyomyositis, 292 in balantidiasis, 463 also Tuberculosis,
skin/soft tissue, 76-77, 87-93. See in Blastocystis hominis infection, 465 multidrug-resistant.
in cryptosporidiosis, 464 for tularemia, 151, 571
also Staphylococcal skin/soft in Dientamoeba fragilis infection, Strongyloides stercoralis, life cycle of,
tissue infections, 467t, 471f
methicillin-resistant. 463-464 Strongyloidiasis
treatment of, 276 in giardiasis, 460 clinical features of, 466, 467t, 471f
types of, 273, 274f in isosporiasis, 463 diagnosis of, 470
urinary tract, 221, 222 in roundworm infection, 470 geographic distribution of, 466
Staphylococcal meningitis, 205t, 206 in tapeworm infection, 478 prevention and control of, 473-474
Staphylococcal pneumonia, 8, 127- in traveler’s diarrhea, 391-392, risk factors for, 466
129, 133, 134, 134t, 135t. See also in travelers, 390-393
Pneumonia, community-acquired 391f treatment of, 470-473, 473t
bacterial. in trematode infection, 486, 487 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis,
methicillin-resistant, 127-129, 133, Strawberry cervix, in trichomoniasis, 43, 44
134t Subdural abscess, in meningitis, 208,
Staphylococcal scalded skin 305 209f
syndrome, 97, 98f Strawberry tongue Subdural empyema
Staphylococcal sinusitis, 163-164, in Haemophilus influenzae
164t in scarlet fever, 97, 178 meningitis, 17
Staphylococcal skin/soft tissue in staphylococcal toxic shock sinusitis-associated, 163f, 170
infections, 76-77, 87-93. See also Suppurative toxic cholangitis, 245-249
specific infections. syndrome, 96f Supralevator abscess, 279, 280f,
clindamycin-resistant, 90 Strep throat. See Streptococcal 281-282. See also Anorectal
clinical features of, 88-90 abscess.
diagnosis of, 90 pharyngitis. Surgical infections
diffuse, 90 Streptococcal infections abdominal, abscess formation after,
disease burden in, 87 262, 263, 267. See also
epidemic, 90 glomerulonephritis after, 78, 79 Intraabdominal abscess.
erythromycin-resistant, 90 meningeal, 204-206, 205t. See also acute appendicitis, 239-243
genetics of, 87-88 acute ascending cholangitis,
methicillin-resistant, 87-93 Meningitis. 245-249
community-acquired, 87-88 group B, 204, 205t acute diverticulitis, 251-256
diagnosis of, 90 S. pneumoniae, 204-206, 205t anorectal abscess/fistula in ano,
epidemic, 90 otic, 172-176 278-285
genetics of, 87-88 sinus, 163-164, 164t, 168-169, 169t hydatid cyst disease, 258-261
hospital-acquired, 87, 90 skin/soft tissue, 76-77. See also intraabdominal abscess, 262-267
recurrent, 90
treatment of, 90-91 specific infections.
impetigo, 78-79, 79f
urinary tract, 221
INDEX 599
Surgical infections (Continued) Syphilis (Continued) Telithromycin
liver abscess, 268-272 pathogenesis of, 351 for chlamydial pneumonia, 151t
necrotizing soft tissue, 273-277 in pregnancy, 351, 356 for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t
overview of, 238 screening for, 356
peritonitis, 286-290 treatment of, 360-361 Tenofovir
pyomyositis, 292-294, 293f prevention and control of, 361 for hepatitis B, 67-68, 406
suppurative toxic cholangitis, primary, 351-352, 352f, 353f for HIV infection, 323-325, 324b,
245-249 diagnosis of, 358 325b
rates of, 300, 301
Surgical site infections, 238, 295-297, secondary, 351, 352-354, 352f, Terbinafine
296t 354f, 359, 360f, 360t for tinea barbae, 102
diagnosis of, 358 for tinea capitis, 103
in appendectomy, 243 skin lesions in, 352-354, 354f, 355f, for tinea corporis, 104
Surgical wounds, classification of, 356 for tinea pedis, 106
stages of, 351-356, 352f
296 tertiary (late), 351, 352f, 355-356, Testicular atrophy, after mumps
Sweaty tennis shoe syndrome, 85 356f, 359, 360f, 360t orchitis, 48
Swimmer’s itch, 90, 517 diagnosis of, 358
Swimming pool granuloma. See Fish treatment of, 359-361, 360f, 360t Testicular torsion, 338
Tetanospasmin, 7
tank granuloma. Systemic infections Tetanus, 7-9, 8f
Swine influenza (H1N1), 159-160, epidemiology of, 188
overview of, 188-189 immunization for, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 70
530-536 vs. rabies, 415
clinical features of, 532-533 T Tetanus neurotoxin, 5, 7
diagnosis of, 533 Tabes dorsalis, 355-356, 356f Tetanus toxoid, 9
disease burden from, 530-531 Taenia saginata, 475, 476t, 477f, 479t. Tetracycline
geographic distribution of, 530-531 for atypical pneumonia, 149t, 150
prevention and control of, See also Tapeworms. for balantidiasis, 464t
Taenia solium, 475, 476t, 479t. See also for chlamydial pneumonia, 150,
534-536
chemoprophylaxis in, 535 Tapeworms. 151t
immunization in, 535-536 cysticercosis and, 481-484, 482f, for malaria, 378, 379t
infection control measures in, for mycoplasmal pneumonia, 151t
483f Thiabendazole, for roundworms,
533, 534-535 Taiga encephalitis. See Tick-borne
public health measures in, 534 471-473, 472t, 473t
reporting of, 535 encephalitis. Thigh abscess, in pyomyositis,
risk factors for, 531-532, 532t Tampons, staphylococcal toxic shock
treatment of, 533-534 292-294, 293f
Syphilis, 351-361 syndrome and, 94 Thoracentesis, in hospital-acquired
cardiovascular, 356, 357f Tapeworms, 475-480
chancres in, 351-352, 353f pneumonia, 140, 141f
clinical features of, 351-356 clinical features of, 475-478 Throat culture, 180-181, 181f
congenital, 351, 356, 357f cysticercosis and, 481-484, 482f, Thrombocytopenia
diagnosis of, 358-359
diagnosis of, 356-359 483f in leptospirosis, 426-427
clinical, 356-357 diagnosis of, 478 in rubella, 52
darkfield examination in, 356, echinococcosis and, 258-261, 259f, Thrombosis
cavernous sinus, sinusitis-associated,
357f 260f, 475, 491-498
nontreponemal tests in, 357 geographic distribution of, 163f, 170
treponemal-specific tests in, deep venous, in SARS, 541
476t-477t Ticarcillin-clavulanate, for
358 life cycle of, 476t-477t, 477f-479f
differential diagnosis of, 113, prevention of, 478-480 diverticulitis, 254t
transmission of, 475, 476t-477t, Tick(s)
352-354
epidemiology of, 351 477f-479f control of. See Insect repellents/
etiology of, 351 treatment of, 478, 479t insecticides.
gummatous (latent benign), 356 types of, 475, 476t-477t
in HIV infection, 300, 358 Technetium scan, in osteomyelitis, deer, Lyme disease and, 430, 431f,
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in, 433
214, 216f, 217
359, 361 Teeth. See also under Dental. Ixodes
latent, 351, 352f, 354-355 life cycle of, 430, 431f
Hutchinson’s, 356, 357f in Lyme disease, 430, 431f, 433,
treatment of, 359, 360f, 360t Teicoplanin 435, 436f
meningitis in, 206, 210t in tick-borne encephalitis, 435,
neurosyphilis, 206, 210t, 352, for cellulitis, 84 436f
for staphylococcal skin/soft-tissue
355-356, 356f removal of, 431f, 439-440, 440t
cerebrospinal fluid analysis in, infections, 91 Tick-borne encephalitis, 419-423,
Telaprevir, for hepatitis C, 408
358, 359f Telavancin, for staphylococcal skin/ 420t, 422t, 435-440. See also
late, 355-356, 356f Arbovirus infections.
treatment of, 359, 359f, 360t soft-tissue infections, 91 clinical features of, 422t, 437-438,
Telbivudine, for hepatitis B, 67-68,
438f
406 diagnosis of, 438-439
differential diagnosis of, 438, 438t
600 Index
Tick-borne encephalitis (Continued) Toxic cholangitis, 245-249 Trichomoniasis, 303-309
epidemiology of, 435-437, 436f Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 99 cervical cancer and, 309
etiology of, 435 Toxic shock syndrome chlamydia and, 309
geographic distribution of, 435, clinical features of, 304-305, 305f
436f staphylococcal, 94-96, 95f, 96f, 96t diagnosis of, 305-308, 305t,
immunization for, 440 streptococcal, 96-97, 96t 306f-308f, 307t
nomenclature of, 435 Toxoplasmosis, HIV-related, 321-322, differential diagnosis of, 363t
pathophysiology of, 437-438, disease burden from, 303
437f 322f, 325t geographic distribution of, 303
prevention of, 439-440, 440t Tracheobronchitis, in COPD, 183 gonorrhea and, 309
prognosis of, 439 Trachoma, 335 human papillomavirus and, 309
transmission of, 435, 436f Transcription-mediated amplification, in pregnancy, 309
treatment of, 439 prevention and control of, 309
vs. Lyme disease, 438t for Trichomonas vaginalis, 306 prognosis of, 308-309
Transfusions, HIV transmission via, risk factors for, 303-304, 304t
Ticovac, for tick-borne encephalitis, STDs coexistent with, 309
440 319-320 treatment of, 308
Transplantation
Tigecycline Trichophyton infections, 102-108. See
for diverticulitis, 254t heart, in Chagas disease, 525 also under Tinea.
for staphylococcal skin/soft-tissue liver, for alveolar echinococcosis,
infections, 91 Trichuris trichiuris. See also
500 Whipworms.
Tinea West Nile virus transmission via,
clinical features of, 102-107, life cycle of, 467t, 469f
103f-105f, 107f, 108f 554-556, 559 Triclabendazole, for food-borne
diagnosis of, 108-109 Transthoracic echocardiography, for
trematodes, 487-488, 489t
Tinea barbae, 102 endocarditis, 192-193 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Tinea capitis, 102-103, 103f Travel medicine
for cyclosporiasis, 464t, 465
Wood lamp examination in, 109 arbovirus infections, 419-424, for granuloma inguinale, 369, 369b
Tinea corporis, 103-104, 104f 435-440 for isosporiasis, 463, 464t
Tinea cruris, 106, 107f for pertussis, 13
Tinea facei, 104-105, 104f diarrhea, 372, 390-393 resistance to, 225
Tinea imbricata, Majocchi, 104 hepatitis, 400-409 for sinusitis, 169, 169t
Tinea incognito, 104 immunizations, 3 for staphylococcal skin/soft tissue
Tinea pedis, 105-106, 105f
Tinea profunda, 104 for hepatitis A, 63-64 infections, 90-91
Tinea sycosis, 102 leptospirosis, 425-429 for typhoid fever, 397, 397t, 398t
Tinea unguium, 106 Lyme disease, 430-433 for urinary tract infections, 225-226
Tinea versicolor, 106-107, 108f malaria, 373-381, 378t-381t, 380f. Tripod position, in epiglottitis, 15,
Wood lamp examination in, 109 See also Malaria. 16f
Tinidazole overview of, 372 Trismus, 8, 8f
parasitic diseases, 390-393, 391f, Tropical pyomyositis, 292-294, 293f
for amebiasis, 456, 456t Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 522-526,
for giardiasis, 461, 461t 392t, 450-451. See also
for trichomoniasis, 308 Parasitic diseases. 523f-525f
Tissue crush preparation, of Klebsiella paratyphoid fever, 394-398 Trypomastigotes, 522, 523f
primary amebic TTPA assay, 357, 358
granulomatis, 368, 368f meningoencephalitis, 442-447 Tuberculin skin test, 551-552
Tobramycin, for hospital-acquired rabies, 411-417 Tuberculosis
SARS, 541-542
pneumonia, 142t tick-borne encephalitis, 419-423, cough in, 132f
Toenails 420t, 422t, 435-440 etiology of, 544
typhoid fever, 394-398 HIV-related, 320-321
biopsy of, 109 yellow fever, 383-388, 419-423 latent infection in, 544, 551-552
infections of, 87, 89, 89f Trematodes, food-borne, 486-489 measles and, 44
Treponema pallidum, 351 meningitis in, 206, 210t
dermatophyte, 106, 109 darkfield examination of, 356, multidrug-resistant, 544-552
Tongue 357f
Treponema pallidum particle clinical presentation of, 547-548
cancer of, vs. blastomycosis, 228, agglutination (TPPA), 357, diagnosis of, 548
229f 358 differential diagnosis of, 548
Triatomine bugs, Chagas disease and, exposed contact management in,
strawberry 522, 523f
in scarlet fever, 97, 178 Trichinella nativa, 502 551-552
in staphylococcal toxic shock Trichinella spiralis, 502 future directions for, 552
syndrome, 96f Trichinellosis, 502-504, 503f geographic distribution of, 544,
Trichloroacetic acid, for genital warts,
syphilitic chancre of, 353f 331, 332t 545f
Tonsillar abscess, 179-180, 179f Trichomonas hominis, 464t HIV infection and, 551
Tooth. See under Dental; Teeth. Trichomonas vaginalis, 303, 305f posttreatment surveillance in,
Toscana virus infection, 419-423, culture of, 305, 305t, 306f, 307,
307f 551
420t. See also Arbovirus
infections.
INDEX 601
Tuberculosis (Continued) Ulcer(s) (Continued) Vaginal discharge (Continued)
prevention and control of, genital. See Genital ulcers. in candidiasis, 363t
551-552 pressure, osteomyelitis and, 218f in chlamydia, 336, 336f
prognosis of, 548-550, 550t differential diagnosis of, 305,
resistance mechanisms in, Ulceroglandular tularemia, 568-569, 305t
544-546, 546t, 547f 569f. See also Tularemia. in gonorrhea, 344, 345f
risk factors for, 544-546, 547t normal, 363t
treatment of, 546t, 548-550, Ultrasonography in trichomoniasis, 304-305, 305f,
550t in alveolar echinococcosis, 499, 305t, 306f, 363t
500f
reactivation of, 544 in peritonitis, 288 Vaginitis
skin testing for, 551-552 sinus, 166 candidal, 221, 305t, 306f, 363t
transmission of, 544 differential diagnosis of, 305, 306f,
treatment of, 135t, 544, 546t, Urethral discharge 362, 363t
in chlamydia, 337, 338f vs. cystitis, 221
549-550, 550t in gonorrhea, 344, 345f
adverse effects of, 549t, 550t in trichomoniasis, 305f Valacyclovir
corticosteroids in, 549 for genital herpes, 316-317,
directly observed, 549-550 Urethral swab, for trichomoniasis, 316t
first-line drugs for, 544, 546t 308 for herpes simplex virus infection,
follow-up for, 550-551 113, 113t, 114, 114t
monitoring of, 549-550 Urethritis
regimens for, 549 chlamydial Valves, prosthetic heart, endocarditis
surgery in, 549 in females, 223 and, 197-199, 197t, 198f, 199f,
vs. bacterial pneumonia, 131-132 in males, 223-224, 338f 200t
Tubex-PA test, 397 gonococcal, 221, 344, 345f, 348t.
Tularemia, 127, 135t, 146-151, 149t, See also Gonorrhea. Vancomycin
150t, 567-572. See also herpes simplex, 313 for endocarditis, 194t, 195t
Pneumonia, atypical. nongonococcal, 305, 305f for hospital-acquired pneumonia,
in bioterrorism, 567, 570, 571 vs. cystitis, 221 142, 142t
chemoprophylaxis for, 572 for staphylococcal skin/soft tissue
clinical features of, 568-570, 570f Urinalysis, 222-225 infections, 91
differential diagnosis of, 570 for trichomoniasis, 308
disease burden from, 567, 568f Varicella, 55-59, 56f, 58t
epidemiology of, 567-568, 568f Urinary catheterization, infection in, immunization for, 58-59
geographic distribution of, 567, 222, 224, 226 postexposure, 59
568f Urinary tract infections, 221-226 Varicella pneumonia, 56, 57f
glandular, 569, 569f catheter-associated, 222, 224, 224f, Varicella-zoster virus infections,
oculoglandular, 570, 570f 226
pneumonic, 569-570, 569f clinical features of, 221-222 55-59, 56f
in pregnancy, 571 complicated, 221, 224 HIV-related, 322
prevention and control of, 571-572 diagnosis of, 222-225, 223f VariZIG, 59, 59t
prognosis of, 571 differential diagnosis of, 221-222 Vasculitis, chest radiography in,
reporting of, 572 febrile, 222, 224, 226
risk factors for, 567-568 lower tract, 221 141f
septic syndrome in, 570, 570f microbiology of, 221-222 Venereal Disease Research
transmission of, 569, 569f prostatitis, 222
treatment of, 571 risk factors for, 221, 222f Laboratory (VDRL) test, 357,
typhoidal, 570 in schistosomiasis, 519 358, 359f
ulceroglandular, 568-569, 569f sexually transmitted, 221. Venezuelan equine encephalitis,
TwinRix, 70 See also Sexually transmitted 419-423. See also Arbovirus
Two feet–one hand syndrome, 105 infections. infections.
Tympanic membrane, in otitis media, treatment of, 225-226 Venous thrombosis, in SARS,
trichomoniasis and, 303, 304, 305, 541
174, 174f 305f Ventilator-associated pneumonia,
Typhidot test, 397 upper tract, 221-222 137-145. See also Pneumonia,
Typhoid fever, 394-398 vs. chlamydia, 337, 338 hospital-acquired.
Typhoidal tularemia, 570. See also aspiration-associated, 153-154, 154t
Urine culture, 222-225 diagnosis of, 140
Tularemia. Urine tests, in urinary tract incidence of, 137
Tzanck smear, for herpes simplex prevention of, 145
infections, 222 prognosis of, 143-144
virus, 315 Urosepsis, 222 scoring system for, 139, 140t
U Uterus, gas gangrene of, 100 Ventricular aneurysm, in Chagas
Ulcer(s) V disease, 524, 524f
Vaccine-associated paralytic polio, Vertebral hydatid cyst, 493-495
aphthous, vs. herpes labialis, 113 Vertebral osteomyelitis, 216f, 220
Buruli, 117-118, 118f, 119f 32 Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, in
Vaccines. See Immunization. travelers, 390-393, 391f
Vaginal discharge Vibrio vulnificus infection, 94
Viral hepatitis. See Hepatitis.
in bacterial vaginosis, 362, 363f,
363t
602 Index
Viral infections West Nile virus infection (Continued) Y
meningeal, 203b, 206, 210t. See also prognosis of, 558 Yellow fever, 383-388, 419-423. See
Meningitis. public health impact of, 554
genital herpes–associated, 313 risk factors for, 554-556 also Arbovirus infections.
respiratory, 157-160 transmission of, 554, 555f clinical features, 383-384, 385f
vs. rabies, 415 course of, 383-384, 385f
Vomiting. See also Gastroenteritis. diagnosis of, 385
in appendicitis, 239 Western blot differential diagnosis of, 385
in cysticercosis, 483 etiology of, 383
Voriconazole in Lyme disease, 432 geographic distribution of, 383,
for coccidioidomycosis, 234
for histoplasmosis, 233 Wet mount, for Trichomonas vaginalis, 384f
for sinusitis, 170 305, 307-308 HIV infection and, 421
immunization for, 386-388, 423
Vulvar elephantiasis, 510f Wharton’s duct, in mumps, 47, 48f
W Whiff test adverse effects of, 386-387,
Warts 387f
in bacterial vaginosis, 362, 363t
common, 72 in trichomoniasis, 363t contraindications to, 387-388,
flat, 72 Whipworms 388b
clinical features of, 466, 467, 467t,
human papillomavirus and, 72 indications for, 386
genital, 71-74, 327-333. See also 469f precautions for, 388, 388b
diagnosis of, 470 proof of, 388
Genital warts; Human geographic distribution of, 466 management of, 385-386
papillomavirus infection. prevention and control of, 473-474 personal protective measures for,
HIV-related, 322 risk factors for, 466
management of, 72 treatment of, 470-473, 472t, 473t 386
plantar, 72 White blood cell scan, in prognosis of, 386
respiratory tract, 72 risk factors for, 383
Water-lily sign, in hepatic hydatid osteomyelitis, 217 transmission of, 383, 384f, 419-420,
disease, 493, 494t Whitlow, herpetic, 112
Water treatment, for giardiasis Whooping cough, 11-14 420t, 421f
prevention, 462 Yellow fever vaccine–associated
Weil disease, 425, 426, 427-428, 429 immunization for, 2, 3, 14
West Nile virus infection, 419-423, Widal test, 397 neurologic disease, 386-387
554-559. See also Arbovirus Wolbachia, 513 Yellow fever vaccine–associated
infections. Wood lamp examination, for
clinical features of, 556-558, 556f viscerotropic disease, 387, 387f
diagnosis of, 558 dermatophytoses, 109 Yersinia enterocolitica infection, in
epidemiology of, 554, 557f, 557t World Health Organization (WHO),
etiology of, 554 travelers, 391
geographic distribution of, 554, tuberculosis control efforts of, Yersinia pestis, 127, 135t, 146, 149t,
556f 552
management of, 558 Wound infections, 238, 295-297 150t
neuroinvasive, 554, 556f, 557-558, Wrestlers, herpes simplex virus Z
557t infection in, 112, 114t Zanamivir, for influenza, 36, 157
in pregnancy, 558, 559 Wuchereria bancrofti, 505, 506t. See
prevention and control of, 558-559 also Lymphatic filariasis. from novel viruses, 534
life cycle of, 508f Zidovudine, for HIV infection,
X
Xanthochromia, 202 323-325, 325b
Zoonosis. See also specific infections.
hepatitis E as, 403
Zostavax, 59
Zoster, 55-59, 56f