DK Findout! Space Travel - DK

Spider

In 1973, two spiders, Anita and
Arabella, were taken to the Skylab
space station to see if they could spin
a web when weightless. (They could!)

Tardigrade

In 2007, the European Space Agency’s
(ESA) FOTON-M3 mission carried
some tardigrades, also known as
water bears. They survived 10 days
of exposure to open space.

Animals
in space

Before humans went into space, Russia
and the USA sent animals to see if space
was safe for living beings. Russia sent dogs.
America sent chimpanzees. Now all kinds of
animals have been flown into space, including
newts, fish, frogs, rabbits, shrimp, and cats.

49

Looking Cracks in Europa’s ice
for life
Europa
Ohthorhheuafnaesmspveeoellaaoianfrlnnfeiclfyso?ehetuip,Wsssrbl,uaaeub“gnrAtihoggerwaeutgevsneeitewnsdsctfeattooqhnhatuuelha’ntoeteundtsrmentetilsi?lohavt”fnnaoeoIryrussrsssas,eEsahsauantnorhrdeudtas.hltd
One of the four main moons of
Jupiter, Europa has a very smooth
surface of ice. There could be
liquid water below, which makes it
possible that life could exist there.

Mars today is a desert world. Europa lander
This is a lander that could search for life
Life on Mars? on Europa. It would need to drill through
ice into the ocean to find anything!
We have learned that Mars used
to be warmer and wetter than it
is now, so it might be possible
that it had life in the past.

Meteorite
This meteorite was thought by
people to contain bacteria from

Mars. Scientists are not sure.

50

Green Bank ! WOW!
Telescope
The diameter of
This is the world’s GBT’s telescope is
largest fully-steerable
radio telescope. Since 328 ft (100 m).
2016 it has been part
of the “Breakthrough The GBT in West Virginia
Listen project,” which
is expected to last 10
years. It is searching
for possible signals
from other worlds.

The Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico Number 1–10
(White).
The Arecibo Signal Atomic numbers for
hydrogen, carbon,
In 1974, the Arecibo Observatory nitrogen, oxygen,
telescope was upgraded, and the staff and phosphorus
sent a message out into the universe. (Purple).
A receiver can decode it and produce the Chemical
diagram shown here. components
of DNA (Green).
The decoded message
It was sent in binary code. Information on
Colors have been added to make human DNA (White)
and a diagram of the
sections stand out. double helix (Blue).
A human figure
(Red). Average
height (Blue/White).
Human population
(White).
The solar system,
indicating the Earth
(Yellow).
The Arecibo radio
telescope (Purple).
Size of telescope
(Blue/White).

51

Rovers

Rovers are vehicles designed to travel across the surface of a
planet or moon. They can operate for longer than astronauts,
and in places that could be dangerous for humans, but they
need to be programmed and cannot be repaired.

FACT FILE Lunokhod 1 and 2

» Launched: November 10, The Soviet Union’s
Lunokhod 1 drove only
1970, and January 8, 1973 6.5 miles (10.54 km) over
321 days (11 lunar days),
» Destination: The moon but Lunokhod 2 lasted for
» Mission status: four months, covering 24.2
miles (39 km).
Completed 1973

Ttfhrhoaemna3stth.1reomnLauilunetsasr(5aMrkeommd)uoalerwe. ay Lunokhod’s tracks
on the lunar surface.
Lunar Roving
Vehicle FACT FILE

TmL(TtearLhurxhainaResnpnedvsVayllgeiaogro)ellsr—aenRatiottnscohtfatrghveehsnoairraaseneceimsnlhgealaetgsprAVcchtgltaarepeereorhswoirmrnc.iliicaleacdoolrdaueeoertrnaa.s, »19L7a2u, nanchdeDde:cJeumlyb1e9r7119,7A2pril
» Destination: The moon
»CoMmipssleiotends1ta9t7u2s:

The LRVs were powered
by two batteries.

52

FACT FILE tShoejoTuwrinnePr’esavkieswontoMwaarrsd.
» Landed: July 4, 1997
» Destination:
Ares Vallis,
Mars
»SeMptiesmsiobners2ta7t, u1s9:9C7ompleted

Sojourner was just Sojourner
25.5 in (65 cm) long.
mimSNtouwoAjconaShutsAhrl’pasnsor,eMgstresr.aairArb.vslleetPlhitanootguhugfjsuihensidtate3ror2oncv8laeyfrrteroix(e1npd0lMoa0rasemmrds).aM, Lliltaarsrtoshevrofeowrrro,evtcdhearltrlsheeeadwtere
View of the base
of Mount Sharp FACT FILE

» Landed: August 6, 2012
» Destination: Gale Crater,

Mars

» Mission status: Ongoing

Curiosity Its robotic arm holds
five instruments.
NASA’s fourth Mars rover, the Mars Science Laboratory,
is known as Curiosity. It’s the size of a small car and is
nuclear-powered, unlike previous craft that relied on
solar panels to charge batteries.

53

Spacecraft or rocket engineer

These people design and build satellites,
space probes, planetary rovers, and manned
spacecraft. They make all the parts and
then assemble them.

Science officer

The ISS is a science laboratory
in space. You could design
experiments, and even
perform them on board.

Space careers

Activity in space affects almost all of us
on a daily basis, whether by weather
forecasting, satellite navigation (satnav)
systems in cars, satellite TV, and much
more. Apart from working in space,
there are all kinds of space-related
careers you could have in lots of
different locations.

Mission control center ISS
This is where space flights are managed and Thousands of people have jobs linked with the ISS.
monitored, usually all the way from lift-off to There are astronauts living and working on board
landing. One of the many jobs based here is the ISS, but there are also people doing a variety of
that of a flight controller. jobs that support these astronauts.

54

Flight controller Astronomer

The flight controllers Astronomers study
monitor different parts planets, stars, and
of space missions and galaxies. They make
provide assistance during discoveries, whether
a flight. There are also through using
lots of support roles. telescopes on the
Earth or in space.
Astronaut

An astronaut has the
role of a pilot, a mission
commander, or a
payload specialist (an
astronaut who handles
equipment and conduct
experiments). All roles
are important, and they
work together closely.

Spacecraft Observatory Launch center
It takes a lot of people with Although we have put telescopes in This is where rockets are assembled
different skills to design and space, the ones on the Earth are much and the spacecraft or space probes
build a spacecraft or rocket. bigger. There are numerous jobs involved are fitted. Lots of different jobs are
in the running of an observatory. needed for lift-off!

55

Future of
space travel

In the immediate future, humans will
continue to work on the ISS. Plans are in
place to send astronauts back to the moon
and then on to Mars. Unmanned craft
will continue to explore the solar system
and look out to the rest of the universe.
There is so much we’ve yet to discover.

Planned missions TEhaertshaftreolmlitethweilrlosveenrdainndfotrhmealatinodnetro.
Chang’e 4
OSIRIS-Rex is a NASA mission launched Chang’e 4 was planned as the first craft
in 2016. It’s due to bring back samples to land on the far side of the moon. A
from an asteroid in 2023. NASA sent separate communications satellite will
InSight in 2018. It is heading to Mars to relay signals from the lander.
drill below the ground. ESA and NASA
will launch craft to Mars in 2020.

56

Humans in space The ESA-NASA Orion spacecraft

In 2021, ESA and NASA are due to
launch up to four astronauts in a
manned Orion mission. This will be
the first time humans have left low
orbit since 1972. Virgin Galactic plans
to fly hundreds of space tourists, and
Elon Musk (the founder of SpaceX)
wants to send large numbers of
people to the moon and to Mars.

Europa probe
Jupiter’s moon, Europa,
is covered in ice. It may
have a liquid water ocean
underneath, where life
might exist.

Its huagsebmigiarrsoHr uisbfbivlee’st.imes Robonianupt l2acdeooesf adnanagsterroonuasuEtV. A jobs
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Robotic explorers
A successor to the Hubble Space Telescope Robonaut 2 is being tested on the ISS, and
(HST), JWST will operate in infrared full robotic explorers may help us explore
wavelengths, allowing it to detect objects space, going to distant places and locations
too old and distant for Hubble to observe. too dangerous for humans.

57

Facts and HUSMciAeNntSiscMtosualbdreasclitbeuyavlel2yt0bhe4ae0tx.ploring
figures

Space is filled with unknown things
and many surprises. Here are some
weird and wonderful facts about
space and space travel that you
can impress your friends with.

1961.beeHnsUptMraacAevNesliSninchgeavineto

280 280 lb

A space suit weighs We’ve been using
approximately 280 lb telescopes for more
(127 kg)—without than 400 years to
the astronaut. look into space.
It takes between
30–45 minutes
to put it on.
58

$Te2nh5tei.rt4oetAbtphiolalti’soarou
nd $n1.5In0lltobopidlaralloiycgoo’srsnatm.moof wntheaeys,

Bruce McCandless ro“cDkIeEntL2tI0oV0a1Est,thRareoEpIniSDzSaz.”auatcospmoiznpzabnaoyabryd
was the first astronaut
to float untethered from To become a pilot-astronaut,
the candidate must have
a spacecraft during completed 1,000
an EVA. hours of flying
time in a
50 jet aircraft.

There are about
50 launch sites
around the Earth.

59

After World War II, the US
captured German V2s and
took them back to the USA to
launch them. The Soviet Union
also took V2s back home to
launch from their country.

First men on the moon Pioneer 11 The craft
used nuclear
The Apollo 11 crew fulfilled Launched in 1973, power to
humankind’s dream of this was the second provide
landing on the moon. spacecraft to fly energy for its
past Jupiter, and equipment.
German V2 rocket the first to fly
past Saturn. 1981
October 1942 saw the first
successful flight of a V2 rocket.

1942 1957 1961 1969 1973 1977

Sputnik 1 Voyager 2

The Soviet Union This was the only probe
launched the to have photographed
world’s first Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

artificial satellite on and Neptune.
October 4, 1957.

Yuri Gagarin The space shuttle

First man in space The first reusable
spacecraft, the shuttle
Yuri Gagarin became the flew from 1981 to 2011.
first person to orbit the
Earth on April 12, 1961.

Sputnik’s “Beep
Beep” signal was
picked up all
around the world.

60

Space travel timeline

Here are some highlights of our exploration of
space with manned and unmanned spacecraft.
Where will we go in the future?

International Curiosity rover Seven cameras
Space Station on this mast
This unmanned spacecraft provide stunning
The ISS is the largest structure has explored the surface of images and
in space. It has been occupied help navigate.
Mars since August 2012.
since November 2000.

Hubble Space The first ISS crew
Telescope (HST)

Launched in 1990,
Hubble was the first
major optical telescope
in space. It has taken

amazing photos of
the universe.

1986 1990 2000 2005 2010 2012 2018

Mir Space Station SpaceX

Mir was launched in This is the first
1986. Thirty-nine private company
missions flew to it, to produce
up to June 2000. reusable rocket
launchers and
Cassini-Huygens spacecraft.

Launched in 1997, it took over
seven years to reach Saturn,
exploring there until 2017.

The Radio and Plasma Transiting Exoplanet
Wave Spectrometer Survey Satellite
measured radio
signals from Saturn. TESS will cover the whole sky
over two years, looking for
planets orbiting other stars.

61

Evolution of space suits

SK-1 pressure space suit, 1961 Project Mercury space suit, 1961

This space suit was worn The helmet could be
by Yuri Gagarin when removed once in orbit.
he became the first
person in space, and by The space suit had
other cosmonauts on 13 zippers, which
Vostok missions. ensured a good fit.

The suit had a America’s first astronauts
mirror in the sleeve. flew in the one-man
This helped the Mercury spacecraft.
cosmonaut locate Their space suit was a
switches that were modified version of the
hard to see. Navy Mark IV pressure
suit used by fighter pilots.
Project Gemini space suit, 1965
Apollo 11 space suit, 1969
The helmet
included earphones This famous photo
and microphones. shows Buzz Aldrin
wearing the A7L
Extra layers were space suit. When
added for working worn on the moon, it
outside the spacecraft. included a Portable
Life Support System
The space suit for the “backpack.”
two-man Gemini
missions was based on Special lunar
the high-altitude overshoes provided
pressure suit worn by extra grip on the
pilots of the X-15 moon’s surface.
rocket plane.

62

A space suit offers protection from acceleration on launch and reentry,
and from the vacuum of space. It also provides oxygen and a radio.
New designs continue to be developed.

Russia’s Sokol space suit, 1973 Ejection escape space suit, 1981

The Sokol helmet This was only used
is built directly on the first four space
into the space suit. shuttle missions, when
the Orbiter was fitted
The Sokol space suit with ejection seats.
was first used in 1973 They were then
and is still worn by removed.
everyone flying on
the Russian Soyuz The suit was
spacecraft, whatever almost identical
their nationality. to that used by
SR-71 pilots.

Manned Maneuvering Unit, 1984 Z series space suit design, future

The MMU fits over The backpack
a space shuttle suit design includes the
designed for EVA use, entrance to the suit.
and the MMU’s
nitrogen thrusters Unlike previous
let astronauts space suits, the
float free pressure will be
in space. fully adjustable.

Bruce McCandless The Z-1 space suit is
made the first designed to be worn in
free-floating EVA on open space and on the
February 7, 1984. surface of the moon or
Mars. The top section
is soft, unlike current
NASA suits.

63

Glossary lunar Belonging to the moon
Mars Fourth planet from
Here are the meanings of words that are good the sun and target of many
to know when learning about space travel. spacecraft as part of our
search for life elsewhere

Arecibo message Radio dwarf planet Any of five matter In general terms,
message broadcast into space objects, including Pluto, anything that has mass and
by the Arecibo Observatory in our solar system that takes up some space
giving information about are smaller than the eight meteor Object that burns up
humans and the Earth, in main planets when passing at high speed
the hope it might reach Earth Third planet through the atmosphere.
intelligent alien life from the sun; the home Usually about the size of a
asteroid Rocky object of the human race and grain of sand, meteors are
smaller than a planet. Most where all known life exists known as “shooting stars”
asteroids orbit the sun
between Mars and Jupiter galaxy Huge collection of Milky Way Spiral galaxy that
astronaut Space traveler; stars, from a few hundred contains our solar system
someone who is trained to million up to thousands of module Unit of a spacecraft
take part in a space flight billions of stars
astrophysicist Someone
who studies the nature of gravity Force that causes moon Natural satellite of
stars and galaxies all things to be attracted to a planet
atmosphere Layers of gases others. It explains why apples nebula Cloud of gas and dust
surrounding a planet, moon, fall to the ground and why in space
or star planets orbit the sun
comet Icy object orbiting a
star. When it gets closer to infrared Radiation with
the star, a tail may form wavelengths longer than
that of visible light. Infrared
astronomy can show objects
from the early period of
the universe

dark matter Invisible laboratory Place where
material believed to exist in scientific experiments
space. Astrophysicists think are performed
that dark matter makes up
80 percent of material in The Project Mercury
the universe astronauts

64

orbit Path of an object space flight Voyage by
around another, such as a spacecraft into space
a planet around a star above the Earth or deeper
Orbiter Part of the space into space
shuttle that carried cargo
and crew members into orbit Space Race Rival
planet Round object, such space-related activities
as Mars, Venus, or Jupiter, between the Soviet Union
that orbits the sun and the United States. It
probe Unmanned spacecraft started with the launch of
designed to study objects in Sputnik 1 and resulted in the
space and send information first humans on the moon
back to the Earth
rover Wheeled vehicle, spaceplane Vehicle designed Arecibo message
either manned or unmanned, to be launched into space and
used to explore the surface land on a runway, to be reused stage Section of a rocket
of a planet or other body space probe Spacecraft that star Huge ball of gas
satellite Object that does not orbit the Earth but generating light and heat
orbits another body, such is sent to explore deep space sun Star at the center
as a planet around a star or other planets of our solar system. The
or a spacecraft around space shuttle General term Earth and other planets
the Earth for the Space Transportation orbit the sun
solar Belonging to the sun System, consisting of the telescope Instrument for
solar system sun and the Space Shuttle Orbiter, its looking at distant objects
other objects that orbit it Solid Rocket Boosters, and ultraviolet Radiation with
space Also known as External Tank wavelengths shorter than
“outer space,” the region space suit Protective clothing that of visible light
beyond the Earth’s worn by space travelers to
atmosphere between provide oxygen and a radio,
other objects and protection from the
spacecraft Vehicle, either environment of space
manned or unmanned,
designed to fly in space spacewalk Also called universe Everything in
extravehicular activity space, including all the stars,
(EVA), any activity in which nebulae, and galaxies
an astronaut goes outside weightlessness Lack of
a spacecraft, such as to weight in space that allows
make repairs or walk on people and objects to float
the moon’s surface

65

Index

A docking 16 I

Aldrin, Edwin “Buzz” 8, 10, 24, E Indian Space Research
27 Organisation (ISRO) 13, 19
Earth 6, 7
Apollo missions 8, 19, 24–27, engineers 54 InSight 12, 56
42, 52, 59 Europa 50, 57 International Space Station
European Space Agency (ESA)
Arecibo message 51 (ISS) 9, 16, 28–29, 32–35, 36,
Aristotle 6 12, 38, 39, 56, 57 46–47, 54, 56
Armstrong, Neil 8, 10, 24, EVA (Extra-Vehicular Activity) Italian Space Agency (ISA) 38

26–27 8, 23, 33, 36, 59 J
asteroids 5, 56 experiments 32, 34–35
astronauts 8–9, 24–27, 30–31, Explorer 1 11 James Webb Space Telescope
41, 57
32–37, 55, 59 F
astronomers 6–7, 55 Japan Aerospace Exploration
Falcon rocket 18 Agency (JAXA) 13
B Fermi gamma-ray space
Johnson Space Center 22–23
Bezos, Jeff 46 telescope 41 Jupiter 7, 50, 57
biomedical engineers 23 fire 34
Blue Origin 46, 47 fitness 32 K
Boeing X-37B 20–21 flight controllers 55
flight directors 23 Kennedy, John F 8, 10–11, 24
C flight surgeons 23 Kepler mission 40
food 32, 35 Knight, William 21
careers, space 54–55 Kosmo, Joe 26
Cassini 38–39 G Kuiper Belt 39
Cat’s Paw nebula 4
Chandra X-ray Observatory 40 Gagarin, Yuri 8, 11 L
Chandrayaan-1 13 Gaia 12
Chang’e spacecraft 39, 56 galaxies 4 Laika 48
Chinese National Space Galilei, Galileo 7 launch sites 55, 59
Administration (CNSA) 13, 18, Gemini spacecraft 11 leisure activities 33
Glenn, John 11 Leonov, Alexei 8
28, 39, 56 Green Bank Telescope 51 life 50–51
comets 5, 39 lift-off 16
communications 23, 33 H Lobster nebula 4
Copernicus, Nicolaus 7 Long March 2F 18
cosmonauts 8–9 H-IIA rocket 13 Lucid, Shannon 30–31
Curiosity 53 Hubble Space Telescope 41, 57 Luna 3 11
Huygens lander 38–39 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LVR) 52
D Lunokhod 1 and 2 52

dark matter 41

66

M R SpaceShipOne 20–21
SpaceShipTwo 21, 46
McCandless, Bruce 59 radiation 43 space suits 26–27, 36, 58
Mars 12, 13, 42, 43, 50, 53, 56, radio telescopes 51 spacewalks 8, 23, 33, 36–37, 59
reentry 17 Spektr-R 40
57, 58 Robonaut-2 57 Spitzer Space Telescope 41
Mars Pathfinder 53 rockets 13, 18–19, 54 Sputnik 1 10–11
Mercury 7 10 Rosetta 39 stars 4
meteorites 50 rovers 52–53 sun 5, 6, 7, 38
meteors 5 Russian space agency
microbes 34 T
Milky Way 4 (Roscosmos) 13
Mir 9, 16, 28, 31 telescopes 7, 40–41, 51, 55, 57,
mission control 13, 22–23, 54 S 58
moon 6, 7, 13
moon exploration 38, 39, Sänger, Eugen 20 temperatures 26, 43
42–43, 52, 56, 57 satellites 11, 12, 13, 54 Tereshkova, Valentina 9
moon landings 8, 10, 24–25 Saturn 38 TESS (Transiting Exoplanet
moons 5, 7, 50, 57 Saturn V rocket 19
Musk, Elon 57 science officers 54 Survey Satellite) 44
shelters, space 43 Tiangong spacecraft 28, 35
N Shepard, Alan 11 Titan 38, 39
Skylab 29 Tito, Dennis 46
NASA 12, 16, 29, 30, 38, 53, 57 Skylon 20–21 training 37, 59
nebulae 4 sleep 33
New Horizons 39 SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric U
North American X-15 20–21
Observatory) 38 underwater training 37
O Sojourner 53 universe 4, 6, 56
solar system 4, 5
observatories 12, 55 Soyuz spacecraft 19 V
Orbiters 14, 15, 16–17 space 4–5
Orion Spacecraft 57 space agencies 12–13 Virgin Galactic 46, 57
OSIRIS-Rex 56 space bases 42–43 virtual reality 37
oxygen 26, 34, 36, 42 space junk 46 Vostok 1 8, 11
space probes 12, 13, 38–39
P space programs 12–13, W

Padalka, Gennady 9 56–57 Walker, Joe 20
Partial Gravity Simulator (PGS) Space Race 8, 10–11 washing 32
space shuttle 14–17, 30 water 42, 50, 57
37 space stations 28–29, 31 weightlessness 32, 35, 46
Philae lander 39 space telescopes 13, 40–41, 44, White, Ed 11
planets 5 Whitson, Peggy 9
Pluto 39 57
PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch space tourism 46–47, 57 Y
spacecraft communicators 23
Vehicle) 19 spaceplanes 20–21 Yang Liwel 13
Ptolemy 6

67

Acknowledgments

The publisher would like to thank the following people for their assistance in the preparation of
this book: Caroline Bingham, Katie Lawrence, and Jack Shelton for proofreading, Marie Greenwood and
Jolyon Goddard for editorial assistance, Emma Hobson for design assistance, Helen Peters for compiling
the index, Dan Crisp for illustrations. The publishers would also like to thank Dr. Shannon Lucid for the
“Meet the expert” interview.

The publisher would like to thank the Shayler / Astro Info Service Ltd (ca, ca/Apollo (crb); JSC / Stanford University (br).
following for their kind permission to 8, c, c/Apollo 10, c/Apollo 12, cb, cb/Apollo 15, 51 Dreamstime.com: Dennis Van De Water
reproduce their photographs: bc, bc/Apollo 17). 26 NASA: Bill Stafford (bl). (clb). Getty Images: Andrew Caballero-
26-27 NASA. 27 Alamy Stock Photo: Andy Reynolds / AFP (tc). 52 Getty Images: Sovfoto
(Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; Morton (cr). 28 Avalon: Liu Chan (cl). Getty / UIG (c). NASA: Eugene Cernan (cb). 52-53
f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top) Images: NASA (bc). 29 NASA: (bc). 30 NASA: Dreamstime.com: Amabrao (Border); Jason
(bc); Kim Shiflett (tr). 31 NASA: (br). 32 ESA: Winter / Eyematrix (Tyre). 53 Getty Images:
2 NASA: (br); Jerry Woodfill (bl). 3 Dorling NASA (br). Getty Images: NASA / Roger AFP (cra). NASA: JPL-Caltech / MSSS (clb);
Kindersley: Andy Crawford (tr). Dreamstime. Ressmeyer / Corbis / VCG (cb). NASA: (cl, cra). Jerry Woodfill (cla); JPL-Caltech (crb).
com: Yael Weiss (bc/Magnifying glass). Getty 33 NASA: (t, cl, r); Bill Ingalls (bl). 34 NASA: JPL 54 NASA: (tl, cra). 55 NASA: Tony Landis (tr);
Images: QAI Publishing / UIG (cb). NASA: Bill (cb). 34-35 NASA: (ca). 35 Alamy Stock (cla, c). 56-57 NASA: JPL-Caltech. 57 NASA:
Ingalls (br); Desiree Stover (bl); JSC / Stanford Photo: Keystone Pictures USA (tr); Xinhua (tr, br); Desiree Stover (clb). 58-59 ESA /
University (bc). 4-5 ESA / Hubble: NASA. (crb). NASA: (cb). 36-37 NASA. 37 NASA: (c, Hubble: NASA (t). 58 ESA / Hubble: NASA
4 ESO: (crb). 5 123RF.com: qq47182080 (crb). crb, bc). 38 NASA: (l). 39 NASA: Johns (br). 59 Dreamstime.com: Scol22 (tr). NASA:
Dreamstime.com: Mozzyb (clb); Levgenii Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (tl, cr); Norman Kuring, NASA’s Ocean Biology
Tryfonov / Trifff (tr). 6-7 Dreamstime.com: / Southwest Research Institute (crb); JPL (t). Processing Group. Story by Kathryn Hansen
Andreykuzmin (Background). 6 iStockphoto. 40 123RF.com: Pere Sanz (c). Fotolia: eevl (b/ and Pola Lem (cr/Blacksea); Bill Ingalls (bl).
com: ZU_09 (bl); Wynnter (r). 7 Getty Images: Spiral galaxy). NASA: (tr, tr/Galaxy); Ames / 60-61 Alamy Stock Photo: Pictorial Press Ltd
Popperfoto (br); Time Life Pictures / Mansell / JPL-Caltech / T Pyle (b). 41 Dorling ftl; NASA: tc, clb, bc, ca, GSFC fcrb, JPL-Caltech
The LIFE Picture Collection (cl). 8-9 123RF Kindersley: Andy Crawford (cl/Telescope). bc (Cassini), fcr; 62-63 Alamy Stock Photo:
com: apostrophe. ESO: J. Emerson / VISTA. ESA / Hubble: NASA (cl). Fotolia: dundanim SPUTNIK cla; NASA: bl, ca, bc, bc (Floating
Acknowledgment: Cambridge Astronomical (b/Earth). NASA: JPL (tr); Sonoma State Free), cra, br. 64 NASA: (br). 68 Dreamstime.
Survey Unit (Nebula). 8 Alamy Stock Photo: University / Aurore Simonnet (b). 42-43 com: Mozzyb (tl).
SPUTNIK (tr). Getty Images: Sovfoto / UIG NASA: Pat Rawlings, (SAIC). Technical
(clb). NASA: (crb). 9 Alamy Stock Photo: concepts for NASA’s Exploration Office, Cover image: Dorling Kindersley: Dave
SPUTNIK (tl). NASA: (cr); JSC (clb). 10 NASA: Johnson Space Center (JSC). 43 Foster + Shayler / Astro Info Service Ltd cra; NASA: c;
(cl, bl, tr). 10-11 NASA: (bc). 11 NASA: (tc, cl, Partners: (crb). NASA: (cra). 44 Dorling Science Photo Library: NASA cr.
br). 12 ESA: ATG medialab; background: ESO / Kindersley: Stephen Oliver (ca). Getty
S. Brunier (c). NASA: JPL-Caltech (bl). 13 Getty Images: SSPL (crb). NASA: (bc, tr, c); Goddard Quiz & answers: Dorling Kindersley: Bob
Images: Pallava Bagla / Corbis (bc); Sergei (bl). 45 Getty Images: QAI Publishing / UIG Gathany cla/ (Lunar module), Dave Shayler /
Fadeichev\TASS (tl); VCG (cra); The Asahi (c). NASA: Johns Hopkins University Applied Astro Info Service Ltd cb; NASA: ca, ca/
Shimbun (br). 14 NASA: (ca, clb). 14-15 Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research (Atlantis), c, cr, br, tl/ (2), br/ (2), Bill Ingalls clb/
NASA: (t). 15 NASA: (ca, b). 16-17 Getty Institute (clb); JPL (tc, bc); JPL-Caltech (cb). (2), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Images: Mark Wilson. 16 Getty Images: Stan 46-47 NASA: (t). 46 Getty Images: Mark Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute cla,
Honda / AFP (tc). NASA: (bc). The National Greenberg / Virgin Galactic (cr). 47 Blue Jerry Woodfill bc.
Archives of the UK: National Archives photo Origin: (c). 48 Dorling Kindersley: Liberty’s
no. 80-G-32500 (cla). 17 NASA: (bc). 18 Getty Owl, Raptor and Reptile Centre, Hampshire, UK All other images © Dorling Kindersley
Images: Red Huber / Orlando Sentinel / TNS (cra). Dreamstime.com: Jahoo (ca). 48-49 For further information see:
(l); VCG (r). 19 Alamy Stock Photo: Dinodia Science Photo Library: Sputnik (ca). www.dkimages.com
Photos (l). NASA: (tc); Bill Ingalls (r). 20 Alamy 49 Depositphotos Inc: Rukanoga (ca/
Stock Photo: Keystone Pictures USA / Tardigrade). NASA: JSC (ca). 50-51
ZUMAPRESS (bl). 20-21 Getty Images: Scaled Dreamstime.com: Geopappas (Paper clip).
Composites (ca). NASA: (t); MSFC (cb). 50 Dreamstime.com: Yael Weiss (br/
Reaction Engines Limited: (b). 22-23 NASA. Magnifying glass). NASA: JPL-Caltech / SETI
24-25 NASA. 25 Dorling Kindersley: Dave Institute (tr); Greg Shirah (clb); JPL-Caltech

68

Test your knowledge on the world of space
travel and find out even more fun facts!

Quiz 1 Whichcountry
launched the first ever
2 artificial satellite?
What was 3
New Horizon’s
main mission? How many planets
orbit the Sun?
4
5
How big was the
Orbiter’s crew?

6 8 How did Chandra
X-ray Observatory
Who was
the first person get its name?

in space? 7

Why was
Apollo 17 special?

9 How many hours
How long did does a pilot-astronaut need
Sojourner explore
to fly in training?
Mars for?
10

How long did it take
the Space Shuttle to

reach orbit after
lift-off?

Turn over to discover the answers 69

Quiz answers

1 Russia. Find out more on pages 10–11.
2 It was the first ever spacecraft sent to photograph

Pluto close-up. Read more on page 39.

3 Eight. Read more about planets and moons
on pages 4–5.

4 The Orbiter carried a crew of up to eight people.
Discover more on pages 14–15.

5 It’s named after the astrophysicist, S. Chandrasekhar.
Learn more on page 40.

6 Yuri Gagarin. Find out more on pages 8–9.
7 It was the final Apollo mission. Learn about

other Apollo missions on pages 24–25.

8 1,000 hours! Check out pages 58–59 to learn
other facts and figures.

9 Three months. Discover more about rovers on
pages 52–53.

10 The Space Shuttle took only eight minutes
from lift-off on the ground to reaching
orbit. Find out more on pages 14–15.
70

findout!

The only FREE online encyclopedia
a child will ever need

Perfect for homework help
Fun, interactive quizzes,
videos, and animations
Thoroughly fact-checked
by experts
Safe for children to use
with you—or on their own

“This is pretty awesome.”
Primary school pupil, age 9
What do you want to find out?
www.dkfindout.com