IBRAHIM PDF

Ibrahim of Johor

Sultan Sir Ibrahim Al-Masyhur Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah GCMG GBE
(17 September 1873 – 8 May 1959) was a Malaysian sultan and the 22nd Sultan of Johor and the 2nd
Sultan of modern Johor. He was considered to be "fabulously wealthy."
An Anglophile, Sultan Ibrahim continued the policy of friendly relations with the crown of the United
Kingdom, often manipulating his friendship with the reigning kings of Britain to thwart the
expansionist ambitions of the British Colonial Office. However, he became highly unpopular later in
his native land for his opposition to Malayan independence. This led him to spend most of his time
away from Johor, traveling extensively in Europe, particularly to Britain.

Early life

Wan Ibrahim was born 17 September 1873 in Istana Bidadari, Singapore, and received his education at a boarding
school in England during his formative years. He was appointed a Second Lieutenant of the Johor Military Forces
(JMF) during his teenage years and was formally installed as the first Tunku Mahkota of Johor on 23 May 1891 and
was brought to Europe by his father where he was introduced to the European royal families.During his term as
the Tunku Mahkota, Tunku Ibrahim occasionally acted as the state's regent and was delegated a few state duties
whenever the Sultan was travelling overseas. In his free time, Tunku Ibrahim spent most of his time in hunting and
horseracing.

Tunku Ibrahim acted as one of the three signatories when Sultan Abu Bakar promogulated the Johor state
constitution in April 1895. The following month, Tunku Ibrahim accompanied Abu Bakar to London, who had the
intent of seeking further negotiations with the Colonial Office on state affairs. Abu Bakar was by then a very sick
man when he reached England, and Tunku Ibrahim spent much of his time by his father's bedside before Abu Bakar
died the following month.

Sultan of

Johor

Early years (1895–1914)
Tunku Ibrahim was proclaimed as the Sultan of Johor on the day of Abu Bakar's burial on 7 September 1895, while
his one-year-old son, Tunku Ismail was proclaimed as his heir-apparent. A formal coronation ceremony took place
on 2 November 1895.He took over the state government the following year, and one of his first reports was the
financial difficulties which the state was facing.Many of his employees complained of delays in receiving their
salaries; which was often paid in instalments. Sultan Ibrahim then took charge of closely supervising the state
treasury, and personally witnessed the payment of the state's employees during payment day.In the same year, he
also took on the task of appointing the committee members of the Johor Gambier and Pepper Society (also known
as Kongkek in Malay). Sultan Ibrahim was inexperienced in public administration skills and heavily relied on his
private secretary, Dato Amar DiRaja Abdul Rahman bin Andak on advice and assistance in running the affairs of
the state.

The Resident General of the Federated Malay States, Frank Swettenham proposed to Sultan Ibrahim in November
1899 for the construction of a railway line into Johor, in conjunction with his plan for the North-South Main
Trunk Railway line in the Malay Peninsula. Sultan Ibrahim welcomed Swettenham of the plan but was weary of
political British influence in Johor and insisted on financing the construction of the railway linehimself.
Swettenham was comfortable with Sultan Ibrahim's prospect of financing the railway line using the state's
revenues, and submitted his proposals to the Colonial Office in England. The proposals drew scepticism from the
Secretary of State for the Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, who was aware of Johor's financial difficulties and
withheld decision. Sultan Ibrahim then sent his adviser Abdul Rahman Andak the following May to London to
negotiate with the Colonial Office,and in April 1901, Sultan Ibrahim made a year-long trip to London to seek
private English financers to fund the construction of the railway line and negotiated with the Colonial Office for a
railway loan.The Sultan did, however, manage to obtain a loan for the construction of the railway and the Johor
Railway Convention was signed in July 1904 by his adviser, Abdul Rahman Andak, that gave provisions for an
extension of the Malayan railway line to be extended into Johor.

Sultan Ibrahim returned to Johor the following year, and expanded the state's military forces, JMF. He instituted
the Johor Volunteer Forces (JVF), which consisted of young Malay boys and served as the state's reservist
soldiers.In 1906, he granted land concessions to English capitalists and financiers for development purposes. This
drew the concern of the Straits Governor, Sir John Anderson, who was not very favourable with Sultan Ibrahim's
intents to detach Johor's economic dependence from Singapore. He successfully pressured Sultan Ibrahim to
dispense with the services of Abdul Rahman Andak as well as ceding the administrative powers of the railway line
to the colonial government the following year after reports of the state's troubled finances were revealed.

Sultan Ibrahim was also facing political challenges from the British colonial government, who were ostensibly
unhappy his negligence in his state affairs and were seeking to extend greater political influence into the state. The
Colonial Secretary of the Straits Settlements, Victor Bruce, Lord Elgin had met Sultan Ibrahim in 1906 and
advised him to administer the state in favour of British interests and to cut down on his overseas travels to
Europe.Sultan Ibrahim was adamant to Elgin's advice and was indignant to accept British advice, and was later
warned by Lord Elgin two years later on the British possibility to enact constitutional changes in the state
administration.In 1910, Sultan Ibrahim accepted a British adviser for Johor after immense pressure from the
colonial government. The British were extremely unhappy with the condition of Johor's finances, which was
depleted as a result of Sultan Ibrahim's extensive overseas travels. The British-Resident of Negeri Sembilan,
Douglas Graham Campbell was appointed the first adviser of Johor.

Relations between Sultan Ibrahim and Campbell were excellent within Campbell's first year as an adviser, and
Sultan Ibrahim gave him support to improve the state administrative system. However, a tenacious relationship was
develop as Campbell proposed numerous administrative reforms which were disproved by the Sultan. A political
scandal erupted in 1912 after Campbell publicly revealed malpractices of the Johor Bahru Prison. Campbell was
particularly unhappy with the way the prisoners were incarcated and lobbied to the British authorities to take
charge of the administrative affairs of the prison, and ignited protest from the Sultan. Grievances between the
Sultan's administration and the colonial government over the administrative control of the state railway remain
unabated during this period, and the Menteri Besar of Johor, Dato' Abdullah bin Jaafar was delegated to handle
these matters.

Shortly after his fallout with Campbell, Sultan Ibrahim implemented a state executive council (Malay: Masyurat
Kerja) to oversee the administration of state agricultural and mining activities.The Sultan distanced himself
from the Campbell and the state's legal adviser, Michael Whitley and took administrative matters into his own
hands. This incited worry and unhappiness in Campbell and Whitley, and they submitted a memorandum to the
Governor of the Straits Settlements, Sir Arthur Henderson Young to appeal for greater British administrative
control over the state. Young gave provisions to Campbell with the power similar to a British Resident-General
from other states, but kept the title of "General Adviser" to show protocol deference to the Sultan.Sultan
Ibrahim was unhappy with the new proposals as the British adviser would have more direct control over the
state affairs, but Young assured the Sultan that he would be available for consultation in the event whereby
opinion differences may arise between Campbell and Sultan Ibrahim. A treaty was signed on 12 May 1914,
which formalised the powers of the state's General Adviser.

World War I and Interwar years (1914–1941)

Sultan Ibrahim as depicted on a postage stamp of 1921.
The state economy experienced a budget surplus as a result of an increase in rubber prices for the rest of the
1910s. Campbell served as its state's General Adviser until his death in June 1918, and between June 1918
until December 1920, five General Advisers were appointed in succession, each of whom only took office for a
few months. As the colonial government lacked a decisiveness in the state administration, Sultan Ibrahim
attempted to extend his influence in the state administration. Hayes Marriot was appointed as the state's new
General Adviser in December 1920 and reorganised the state administration.

Sultan Ibrahim took on the role of a ceremonial monarch from the 1920s onwards, and his duties were largely
limited to gracing various opening ceremonies around the state. He occasionally expressed his views on the state
administration and economic developments whenever he had grievances, which the British colonial government often
took into account as a result of his political influence in the state. He began to take time off to travel abroad from
1928, after he began to suffer from chronic gout and myocardial degeneration.with the state administration.As a
result of his frequent complaints of maladministration of state affairs by the local British government, Sultan
Ibrahim's relations with each General Adviser became strained.Sir Cecil Clementi, who served as the Governor of the
Straits Settlements as well as the High Commissioner of the Malay States from 1930 to 1934, remarked in December
1932 that Sultan Ibrahim was too independent in state affairs and proposed to the Sultan that he should approach
Clementi in future under the capacity of the High Commissioner instead of the Straits Governor. Clementi's
proposals apparently angered the Sultan, who boycotted the Durbar in February 1934.

Sultan Ibrahim took on the role of a ceremonial monarch from the 1920s onwards, and his duties were
largely limited to gracing various opening ceremonies around the state. He occasionally expressed his views
on the state administration and economic developments whenever he had grievances, which the British
colonial government often took into account as a result of his political influence in the state. He began to
take time off to travel abroad from 1928, after he began to suffer from chronic gout and myocardial
degeneration. London was one destination which he often visited, and frequented the Colonial Office
whenever he had grievances with the state administration. As a result of his frequent complaints of
maladministration of state affairs by the local British government, Sultan Ibrahim's relations with each
General Adviser became strained.Sir Cecil Clementi, who served as the Governor of the Straits Settlements as
well as the High Commissioner of the Malay States from 1930 to 1934, remarked in December 1932 that
Sultan Ibrahim was too independent in state affairs and proposed to the Sultan that he should approach
Clementi in future under the capacity of the High Commissioner instead of the Straits Governor. Clementi's
proposals apparently angered the Sultan, who boycotted the Durbar in February 1934.

Sultan Ibrahim's relations with Clementi's successor, Sir Shenton Thomas did not fare well as Thomas
attempted to form a centralised Malayan Union by bringing Johore and other Unfederated Malay States under
the direct charge of the Straits Governor.As the Second World War broke out in 1939, Thomas introduced the
Pan-Malayan war tax scheme to fund for Britain's war efforts. Sultan Ibrahim's rejected proposals, and made a
£250,000 cash gift to George VI of the United Kingdom on his 44th birthday in 1939 during his trip to Europe
in 1939. From 1934 to 1940 the Sultan's name was associated with that of the cabaret dancer Cissie Hill.

Japanese Occupation (1941–1945)

Sultan Ibrahim in 20 October 1945
Sultan Ibrahim became a personal friend of Tokugawa Yoshichika during the
1920s. Tokugawa was a scion of the Tokugawa clan, and his ancestors were
military leaders (shōgun in Japanese) who ruled Japan from the 16th to the 19th
centuries. When the Japanese invaded Malaya, Tokugawa accompanied General
Yamashita Tomoyuki's troops and was warmly received by Sultan Ibrahim when
they reached Johor Bahru at the end of January 1942. Yamashita and his officers
then stationed themselves at the Sultan's residence, Istana Bukit Serene and the
state secretariat building, Sultan Ibrahim Building to plan for the invasion of
Singapore.

The Japanese established a military government in February, shortly after they settled down in Malaya. Tokugawa
was appointed as its political adviser at the recommendation of Sultan Ibrahim. Relations between the military
government and the monarchy were initially cordial throughout the Japanese occupation years, and Tokugawa
briefly envisioned a plan for a united Malay Sultanate over the Malay Peninsula (including Pattani) with Sultan
Ibrahim as its figurehead. However, as the Japanese began to experience economic difficulties and military defeats
in the Pacific War from 1943 onwards, these plans were dropped and the military government channelled its
efforts towards state agriculture. The Japanese continued the British policy of appointing a state adviser in Johor,
and Sultan Ibrahim spent most of his time in his leisure activities.

Sultan Ibrahim, on his part, became resentful of the Japanese military government during the later part of the
occupation years. The Japanese gave orders to the Malay Sultans to contribute an annual stipend of $10,000 to
support the Japanese war efforts, and public speeches which the rulers made were drafted by the propaganda
department.In particular, Sultan Ibrahim was once publicly rebuked for leaning on his walking stick before
Japanese officers and humiliating him in the process.Shortly before the Japanese surrendered in 1945, Sultan
Ibrahim was expelled from his residence at Istana Bukit Serene and was forced to reside at Istana Pasir Pelangi,
the crown prince's palace.

Malay nationalism (1946–1948)

The British Military Administration set to task of reviving pre-war plans for centralised control over the Malay
states within days after British Allied forces landed in Singapore on 5 September 1945. A former Malayan Civil
Service legal officer, H.C. Willan, was ordered to interview the Malay rulers and Willan approached Sultan
Ibrahim on 8 September. Sultan Ibrahim was living at Istana Pasir Pelangi with his Romanian wife, and
reportedly warmed up to Willan when he first saw him.During the interview with Willan, Sultan Ibrahim spoke
bitterly of his experiences during the Japanese occupation years, and offered to serve under the British Military
Administration. The Sultan asked Willan's permission to fly the Union Jack on his car to attend the surrender
ceremony on 12 September, and the British military government granted his requests.

Willan made further interviews with other Malay rulers over the next few days, and made assessments
of the political situation in each state. His studies were forwarded to the military administration, and
Sir Harold MacMichael, the former high commissioner of Palestine was empowered to sign official
treaties with the Malay rulers over the Malayan Union proposal scheme. MacMichael made several
visits to the Malay rulers, beginning with Sultan Ibrahim in October 1945. The Sultan quickly
consented to MacMichael's proposal scheme, which was motivated by his strong desire to visit England
at the end of the year. MacMichael paid further visits to other Malay rulers over the proposal, and
sought their consent over the proposal scheme. Many Malay rulers expressed strong reluctance in
signing the treaties with MacMichael, partly because they feared losing their royal status and the
prospect of their states falling into Thai political influence.

The treaties provided that United Kingdom had full administrative powers over the Malay states except in areas
pertaining to Islamic customs. The Malays strongly protested against the treaties, as the treaties had the effect of
circumscribing the spiritual and moral authority of the Malay rulers, which the Malays held high esteem over it.
Communal tensions between the Malays and Chinese were high, and the prospect of granting citizenship to non-
Malays was deemed unacceptable to the Malays. In particular, politicians in Johor were extremely unhappy with
the willingness of Sultan Ibrahim to sign the treaties with MacMichael, and voiced out that the Sultan Ibrahim had
violated the terms in the Johor state constitution which explicitly forbade any foreign powers to assume legitimate
control over the state. In early February 1946, seven political dissidents led by Awang bin Hassan organised a rally
to protest against the Sultan's decision for signing the treaties, and Onn Jaafar, who was then serving as a district
officer in Batu Pahat, was invited to attend the rally.

The rally was held on 1 February 1946 at the Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque, and
protesters shouted nationalistic slogans and called for the dethronement of Sultan
Ibrahim. Malay nationalistic slogans were raised during the rally, many of whom were
directed against the Sultan himself, whom they accused him for committing treason
against the Malay race by signing the treaties. News of the rally reached the Sultan
Ibrahim on 22 February, who was then residing at Grosvenor House Hotel in London.
Sultan Ibrahim approached the colonial office and expressed his withdrawal of support
for the proposal scheme, but this did not appease the political dissidents and Onn
continued to organise more rallies in the other Malay states to muster further support
for his calls against the Malayan Union, and formed United Malays National Organisation
(UMNO) in May.

The rally was held on 1 February 1946 at the Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque, and protesters shouted nationalistic
slogans and called for the dethronement of Sultan Ibrahim. Malay nationalistic slogans were raised during the rally,
many of whom were directed against the Sultan himself, whom they accused him for committing treason against
the Malay race by signing the treaties. News of the rally reached the Sultan Ibrahim on 22 February, who was then
residing at Grosvenor House Hotel in London. Sultan Ibrahim approached the colonial office and expressed his
withdrawal of support for the proposal scheme, but this did not appease the political dissidents and Onn continued
to organise more rallies in the other Malay states to muster further support for his calls against the Malayan Union,
and formed United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in May.

Pre-independence Malaya (1948–1957)

The Sultan Ibrahim of Johore signs the Federation of Malaya and Johore State Agreements, 1948.
The establishment of the Federation did not go down well with the Chinese, whereby favourable conditions for
obtaining citizenship for the Chinese and other non-Malays were withdrawn. The Malaysian Chinese Association
(MCA) was formed in 1949 under the leadership of a Straits Chinese businessman, Tan Cheng Lock who frequently
raised grievances over the citizenship terms that were set when the Federation was established. As a result,
communal tensions between the Malays and Chinese surfaced, and Onn kept his distance from Tan. Tan encountered
initial difficulties with meeting the Sultan, who was not accustomed to working with Chinese businessmen. Sultan
Ibrahim also became increasingly disappointed in Onn's work commitment, whom he saw as neglecting state affairs
as a result of his commitments towards UMNO. In early 1950, Sultan Ibrahim approached Onn, who was asked to
choose between committing his efforts to the state and UMNO. Onn chose to the latter, and resigned as the Menteri
Besar of Johor in May.

Sultan Ibrahim became increasingly uncomfortable with the idea of Johor as a state within the Federation of
Malaya, particularly when the prospect of an independent Federation free from British interference became
increasingly clearer under Tunku Abdul Rahman's leadership. In a letter which he wrote to The Straits Times in
1953, "Straits Settlement Forever", Sultan Ibrahim expressed a sceptical opinion of Johor's future as part of an
independent Malaya, and voiced support for the continuation of British Adviser system in Johor.At his Diamond
Jubilee celebrations in September 1955, Sultan Ibrahim publicly called for Johor's secession from the Federation.
Sultan Ibrahim's calls for secession inspired the formation of Persatuan Kebangsaan Melayu Johor (PKMJ) the
following month, a secessionist movement led by Ungku Abdullah bin Omar, a relative of Sultan Ibrahim who was
serving as one of Johor's state executive councillor. The Sultan voiced public support for PKMJ during a public
gathering in mid-December 1955, and PKMJ courted considerable support from the grassroots within the first half
of 1956

The Alliance party reacted strongly to the events which motivated the formation of the PKMJ, and called for the
Alliance-dominated Johor state executive council to vet all future state-policy speeches that will be made by the
Sultan or members of the royal family. In particular, the Alliance reacted with great hostility to the existence of the
PKMJ, and actively attempted to suppress and discredit the party. PKMJ rapidly lost most of its members to
UMNO, and by mid-1957 Ungku Abdullah only had ten members left within the party. Meanwhile, at the
Conference of Rulers in March 1957, Tunku Abdul Rahman expressed his desire to elect Sultan Ibrahim as the
first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, but Sultan Ibrahim declined
Four months later in July 1957, Ungku Abdullah made one last call to urge Sultan Ibrahim not to sign the
Malayan Federal Constitution. The Sultan, who was now residing in London, replied to Ungku Abdullah that he
had empowered the Tunku Mahkota, Tunku Ismail (later Sultan Ismail) to decide on the matter. Ungku Abdullah
then called upon Tunku Ismail not to sign the constitution, but his calls were ignored and Tunku Ismail proceeded
to sign the constitution at the ruler's meeting. Following the ordeal, Ungku Abdullah formally disbanded the party
a few days before Malaya's Independence day.

Foreign relations

Sultan Ibrahim spent much of his time residing in England, often dealing with the colonial office in London over
state affairs. His relations with England were often strained over both state and personal matters, especially with
leading figures from the colonial office.From the mid-1930s onwards, Sultan Ibrahim fostered personal friendship
ties with the British monarch, and made a cash donation of £500,000 for the Silver Jubilee of King George V, much
of which was used to fund the construction of the Sembawang Naval Base in Singapore.Three years later, Sultan
Ibrahim made a detour to Germany during his visit to Europe and met up with Adolf Hitler and was briefly
detained by the French police following the visit, whom they mistook him as a spy.

Sultan Ibrahim also became a close acquaintance with Tokugawa Yoshichika after the latter visited Johor in 1921.
They took special with one another, partly due to their shared interest in tiger hunting as well as Tokugawa's
ability to communicate in fluent Malay. Tokugawa's personal friendship with the Sultan encouraged Japanese
businessmen to invest in the state's rubber plantations from the 1920s onwards. The Sultan visited Japan in 1934,
at the invitation of Tokugawa.

Wealth

During his reign, the Sultan was considered to be "fabulously wealthy. He also had a reputation as a wild
international playboy. His exploits ranged from changing the colour of his racing horse to present it as an
unknown – with better odds of course – to less savoury behaviour in the red-light area of Vienna. To be fair, he
spread his wealth around, giving a magnificent pair of Malayan tigers to Edinburgh Zoo on the one hand and, on
the other, sending a huge cash present to King George V on his Jubilee.

The Sultan was an Anglophile and spent much of his life away from Johor, preferring the more liberal delights of
Europe. He sent his sons, by his Malay wives, to be educated in Britain.

The Sultan was reported to have given Sultanah Helen Ibrahim a spectacular jewel collection, reputedly giving her
an emerald on her birthday and a diamond on their wedding anniversary, even after the divorce. It is little wonder
that her jewellery collection was held to be the finest in the world.

Family

Sultan Ibrahim was the only son of Che Wan Abu Bakar, Temenggung of Johor by
Che Puan Besar Zubaidah (née Cecilia Catharina Lange, 1848–1939). Zubaidah was
the daughter of Mads Johansen Lange; a Balinese-based Danish businessman and
his Chinese wife, Nonna Sang Nio(born Ong Sang Nio). Nonna, who was born in
Southern China, lived in East Java for a time prior to her marriage to Lange. He
had one sister, Meriam (born 1871).

Marriage

Sultan Ibrahim married at least four official wives who became sultanahs of Johor. They were:

Ungku Maimunah Binti Ungku Abdul Majid (died 1909); married 5 October 1892, they had one son, Sultan Ismail
(born 1894–1981).
Che' Ruqaiyah (died 1926); married in 1920, they had one son, Tunku Haris Abu Bakar (born 1898–1956).
Che Puan Hasana Binti Dato 'Ja'afar: Hasana is the daughter of Dato' Ja'afar bin Haji Muhammad, the first
Johoryang Menteri Besar, and the younger sister of Dato Onn Bin Ja'afar, He also had a son by Hasnah Binti
Jaffar: Tunku Ahmad, 1898–1983.
Ungku Intan Binti Ungku Ahmad: Married in 1926, Ungku Intan is the daughter of Ungku Ahmad bin Ungku
Muhammad.
Helen Bartholomew Wilson (born 1889–1977), former wife of William Brockie Wilson; married 15 October 1930,
divorced 30 March 1938.
Marcella Mendl (born 1915–1982), daughter of Edgar Mendl from Romania and cousin of British diplomat Sir
Charles Mendl. Upon converting to Islam, she took the name Fawzia binti 'Abdu'llah and was known as Lady
Marcella Ibrahim (1940–1955) and Her Highness Sultana Fawzia binti 'Abdu'llah (1955–1982). Married in 1940,
they had one daughter, Tunku Miriam binti al-Marhum Sultan Sir Ibrahim (born 18 September 1950) (married,
1978–1980, to British rock star Barry Sapherson, aka Barry Ryan)[citation needed] Besides Malay, she was fluent
in several European languages such as German, French, and English

Death

Sultan Ibrahim spent the last two years of his life at his apartment at Grosvenor House Hotel in London. He
spent most of his time watching television and visiting theatres and enjoyed the company of his sixth wife,
Marcella Mendl and their beloved daughter, Tunku Meriam.The Sultan died on 8 May 1959 at his apartment,
with his wife reportedly at his bedside during his last hours.Tunku Ismail was appointed as the Sultan of
Johor in place of his father, and many Malay and British leaders who have worked with him publicly
expressed their condolences to the late Sultan within the first two weeks of his death.The Sultan's body was
shipped back to Johor Bahru and arrived the following month, whereby he was given a state funeral and his
body lay in state between 4–6 June at Istana Besar.

At the time of his death, Sultan Ibrahim was the longest reigning Johor sultan in history after having ruled
for 64 years.

Legacy

In recent years, efforts have been made by the sultan's heirs to rehabilitate his image and
paint him as a benevolent ruler. However his skeptics do not agree and set the Late Sultan
Ibrahim as a ruler that is largely remembered as an anti-independence figure, a wastrel and
a close (almost deferential) ally of the British. Even with that view, he is viewed as the man
whom continued his father's legacy of investing in pepper, gambier and rubber, which
largely improved the economic situation of Johor. The posthumous title of "the Great" (in
Malay, mil Masyhur) conferred on him by his grandson Sultan Iskandar, never caught on.

Honours

Honours of Johor
Grand Commander (DK, 23 May 1891) and Grand Master (1895) of the Royal Family Order of Johor
Knight Grand Commander (SPMJ, 23 May 1891) and Grand Master (1895) of the Order of the Crown of Johor
Honours of Malaya
Malaya : Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 31 August 1958)[68]
Kelantan : Royal Family Order of Kelantan (DK, 9 October 1953)
Foreign honours
United Kingdom :
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG, 1 January 1916[69] – KCMG, 22 June
1897)
Queen Victoria Diamond Jubilee Medal – 1897
King Edward VII Coronation Medal – 1902
King George V Coronation Medal – 1911
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE, 3 June 1935[70] – KBE, 1 January 1918)
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal – 1935
King George VI Coronation Medal – 1937
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal – 1953
Ottoman Empire : Imperial Order of the Osmans (Nishan-i-Osmanieh), 1st Class – 1898
Romania : Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania – 1920
Thailand : Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the White Elephant – 1924
Cambodia : Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia – 1933
South Vietnam : Grand Cordon of the Order of the Dragon of Annam – 1933
Japan : Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun – 1934
Italy : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy – 1938
Zanzibar : Grand Cross of the Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar