Derivational and Inflectional affix

Derivational
and

Inflectional

affix

Content

1. Introduction
2. What is derivation by
affixation?
3. Derivational
4. Inflectional
5. Prefixes and suffixes

5.1 Prefixs
5.2 Suffixes

6. Infixation

1. Introduction

An affix is a bound morpheme that
attaches to the stem of a word to form
either a new word or a new form of the
same word.

The two types of affixes in English are
prefixes and suffixes.

Affixes may be derivational or
inflectional. Derivational affixes create
new words. Inflectional affixes create
new forms of the same word.

What is
derivation
by affixation?

2. What is derivation
by affixation?

Derivation by affixation is adding
derivational affixes before or after a
root (free root / bound root) to form a
new word.

3. Derivational

Derivational is an adjective that refers
to the formation of a new word from
another word through derivational affixes.

In English, both prefixes and suffixes
are derivational.

Derivational Suffix Meaning Example

-able able to be excitable, portable,
-ation action or process preventable
-ative tending to
-ence state or condition, action creation, narration,
-er action or process emancipation

creative, preservative,
talkative

absence, dependence,
negligence

flutter, ponder, stutter

-ful full of helpful, thankful, cheerful

-fy make, cause makes the amplify, falsify, terrify
word a verb

-ible able to be audible, plausible, legible

-ing materials bedding, frosting, roofing

-ion action or process celebration, completion,

navigation

4. Inflectional

Inflectional is an adjective that refers to
the formation of a new form of the same
word through inflectional affixes.

In English, only suffixes are inflectional.

Inflectional Meaning Example
Suffix
third person singular present eats, washes
-s/-es
called, smiled
-ed simple past, regular past
participle eaten, written

-en irregular past participle marking, arguing,
writing
-ing present participle cats, dogs, watches,
axes
-s/-es plural Heather’s, daughters’

-‘s/-s’ possessive faster, prettier

-er comparative fastest, prettiest

-est superlative

5. Prefixes and suffixes

5.1 Prefixes

A prefix is a bound morpheme that
attaches to the beginning of the stem of a
word to form either a new word or a new
form of the same word.

Prefixes are types of affixes.

All prefixes in English are derivational,
meaning the affixes create new words.

Examples

Prefix Meaning Example

a- predicative adjective with awake, afloat, atremble
a-/an- progressive aspect
demo- not, without acyclic, asexual, atonal,
di-/dif-/dis- people atheist, anemic
dis- apart democracy, demography
ex- not, opposite of, reverse
action differ, dissect, divide
pre- former
disagree, disloyal,
re- before disconnect, disinformation
un- ex-wife, ex-husband, ex-
again, back boss, ex-colleague, ex-
up- not, against, opposite of friend
preposition, prevent,
greater, higher, better previous, pre-election,
pre-enter
redo, revisit, rerun,
reorganize
undo, unequal,
unexpected, unhappy,
unlock
upgrade, uplift, upright

5.2 Suffixes

A suffix is a bound morpheme that
attaches to the end of the stem of a word to
form either a new word or a new form of
the same word.

Suffixes are types of affixes.

Suffixes in English may be derivational,
meaning the suffixes create new words, or
inflectional, meaning the suffixes create
new forms of the same word.

Derivational Suffix Meaning Example

-ance state or quality of brilliance, defiance,
annoyance
-ary of or relating to literary, military,
budgetary
-ern state or quality of eastern, northern,
western
-ate makes the word a verb activate, evaporate,
medicate
-er action or process flutter, ponder, stutter

-ful full of helpful, thankful, cheerful

-less without fearless, helpless,
homeless
-ible able to be audible, plausible, legible

Inflectional Meaning Example
Suffix
third person singular present eats, washes
-s/-es
called, smiled
-ed simple past, regular past
participle eaten, written

-en irregular past participle marking, arguing,
writing
-ing present participle cats, dogs, watches,
axes
-s/-es plural Heather’s, daughters’

-‘s/-s’ possessive faster, prettier

-er comparative fastest, prettiest

-est superlative

6. Infixation

A bound morpheme inserted within a
word.

English words = NO infixes

In English there is an insertion of
“expletive” which is a word expressing
negative attitude, emotion and feeling
within a word.

The insertion of expletive appears in
nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
and it doesn’t change a part of speech
of base.

Base Expletive Infixation

fantastic -bloody- fan-bloody-tastic
absolutely -blooming- abso-blooming-lutely
university -goddam- uni-goddam-versity
instantiate -fuckin- in-fuckin-stantiate

Member sec 2.

62200853 Janya Buayoi 3.
62200875 Jirameath Sirikan 4.
62200943 Thanapat Seesai 5.
62201034 Nijwipa Thaduangsorn 9.
62201056 Nitithada Jumpa 10.
62201078 Panitharn Inthawong 12.
62201203 Phetcharapon Srichart 13.
62203575 Noppasin Jaima 34.

bibliography

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Document Unit 3 Derivation by affixation