POLYMER IN TIRES

VRT3013

Profesor Madya Dr. Mohamed Nor Azhari bin Azman

Teknologi Bahan
"Polymer in Tyre"

G NURUL IZZATI BINTI AZMI D20182086087
MASTURINA BINTI YAHAYA D20201093671
RM SARAH NURAQILLAH BINTI SABRI D20201093709
OE NUR HANAN BINTI JUSOH D20201094369
UM ELYISE BINTI FRED D20201095123

PB
E
R

S

CONTENTS

01. INTRODUCTION 09. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TIRE

02. TIRES IN PERIODIC TABLE 10. POLYMER IN TIRES

03. TYPES OF POLYMER 11. HISTORY OF TIRES
04. CLASS OF POLYMER 12. TYPES OF CAR TIRE
05. CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL RUBBER 13. SUV, XUV, MUV
06. RUBBER VULCANIZATION 14. INTERESTING INFORMATION
07. THE USE OF POLYMERS IN TIRES 15.CONCLUSION
08. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOFT & HARD TIRES 16. REFERENCES

I0N1TRODUCTIONLong -chain molecules resulting from the fusion of many
repetitions of basic units or monomers.
The reaction of monomer fusion to produce a polymer is called
polymerization.
It can be classified into several groups based on
the source of the polymer, the way the polymer
is produced and its characteristics.

02. TIRES IN THE PERIODIC TABLE

Natural rubber is an isoprene polymer (also known as 2-methylbuta-1,3-
diene) with the chemical formula (C5H8) n. Briefly, it is made of
thousands of basic units of C5H8 (isoprene monomer) that are loosely
joined together to create a long, tangled chain.

03. TYPES OF POLYMER

Thermoplastic polymers Thermoset polymer Polymer elastomer
Polymers that can be Cannot be re -molded Can be stretched and
molded repeatedly after heating returned to its
after heating and can Thermoset polymers original shape after
be recycled will usually release
When heated, the decompose or burn High elastic properties
thermoplastic polymer when heated and Examples:
melts and hardens cannot be recycled Polyurethane,
when cooled Examples: Melamine, styrene-butadiene
Examples: Polyethane, bakelite rubber (SBR)
Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

1) Source 04.POCLLYAMSSEROF 2)Monomer
availability structure and

chains

Natural Semi-synthetic Linear Polymer branched
polymers can polymers, they are polymers have chain is when the
derived from natural linear chain of the
be found in a long and polymer becomes
plants polymers and straight chain
undergo chemical structure. An branched. For
(cellulose) and modifications such example is PVC. example, low -
animals as cellulose nitrate, density polythene.

(proteins). and cellulose
acetate.

Synthetic Cross -linked
polymers are polymers are made of
materials created dual -function and three
by humans. For -function monomers. It
example, nylon-6, has stronger covalent
6, polyether. bonds than other linear
polymers. For example,
Bakelite and melamine.

05. CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL RUBBER

Gentle Elastic

Waterproof Natural Not heat
rubber resistant
Reactive to
chemicals Easily Electrical
oxidized insulation

06. RUBBER VULCANIZATION

RUBBER VULCANIZATION

Because natural rubber is soft and easily oxidized when exposed to air for
a long time, it cannot be used under certain conditions. To overcome this,
the vulcanization process to natural rubber can produce more elastic and
quality rubber through the production of cross -frame between polymer
chains.
The double bonds between the carbon found between the rubber
molecules will react with sulfur or other materials to produce a sulfur
cross -chain which makes the vulcanized rubber stronger.

ALTERNATIVE VULCANIZATION Without using sulfur to avoid contamination :
TECHNIQUES 1. Peroxides
2. radiation
3. Metal oxide

PROPERTIES OF VULCANT
RUBBER

The formation of sulfur cross-links reduces the double bond between
carbons in vulcanized rubber.
The sulfur cross -chain prevents the rubber polymer from sliding when
stretched and can return to its original shape after being stretched
Vulcanized rubber is more elastic and high heat resistant

COMPARISON OF NATURAL RUBBER AND
SYNTHETIC RUBBER

Synthetic rubber, styrene-butediene (SBR) is used for the
manufacture of tires

SYNTHETIC 07. THE USE OF POLYMERS IN
POLYMERS TIRES

A man -made Divide into: Consists of
polymer 1.Elastomer plastic,
2.thermoplastics synthetic
3.thermoset rubber,
plastics synthetic
fibers

SYNTHETIC THE USE OF POLYMERS IN
TIRES

POLYMERS 1. Synthetic rubber is prepared through the process of polymerization of

hydrocarbon materials. Has certain advantages and its nature is almost the

same as original rubber.

2. The advantages of synthetic rubber resistant to bad weather and high
temperatures, non -flammable and heat resistant good thermal and electrical
insulation not easily absorbed by gas and water and has a very high
resistance to chemicals.

3. Lack of synthetic rubber vibration, sound, and shock absorption ability is
lower than natural rubber elastic properties and lower tensile properties
compared to natural rubber

08. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOFT &
HARD TIRES

The selection of tires on the right vehicle can give vehicle owners more
comfort with driving pleasure.

COMPRESSION AND DURABILITY

09. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TIRE

Manufacturing methods may vary from company to company.
However, the main stages of tire production:

Processing Removes Grind Healing. For
tree rubber excess rubber. this process,
into latex. latex is mixed
moisture from
with sulfur.
elastic
material.

After vulcanization with the addition of the right material, it is
possible to obtain a rubber that is resistant to abrasion and
high temperatures.

10. POLYMER IN TIRES

Large tires for heavy vehicle Tires for small vehicle
use use

Example: truck Examples: cars and
motorcycles

Usually contains a higher Usually contains a higher
percentage of natural percentage of synthetic
rubber content than rubber content than natural
synthetic rubber rubber

POLYMER IN TIRES

Natural rubber tends to be used in heavy vehicle
tires that require a Long lifespan. Economical fuel
consumption and the ability to carry heavy loads.
The combination of natural rubber with synthetic
rubber is also widely used in the shoemaking
industry.

11. HISTORY OF TIRES

Mostly tyre, for cars and bicycles, are pneumatic
inflatable structures, which also provide flexible
cushions that absorb shocks when the tire rolls over
rough features on the surface.
The tire provides a footrest, called a contact pad,
which is designed to match the weight of the vehicle
with the bearing strength of the surface it is rolling
on by providing bearing pressure that will not
excessively deform the surface.
Modern pneumatic tire materials are synthetic
rubber, natural rubber, fabric and wire, along with
carbon black and other chemical compounds.

HISTORY OF TIRES

They consist of a site and a body. Flowers produce traction
while the body provides containment for the quantity of
compressed air. Before rubber was developed, the first
version of the tire was simply a metal strip fitted around a
wooden wheel to prevent wear and tear.
The initial rubber tires were solid (not pneumatic).
Pneumatic tires are used on many types of vehicles,
including cars, bicycles, motorcycles, buses, trucks, heavy
equipment and aircraft. Metal tires are still used on
locomotives and trains, and solid rubber tires (or other
polymers) are still used in a variety of non -automotive
applications, automobiles, lawn mowers and wheelbarrows.

12. Types of Car Tyre

All Seasons Summer Winter

Performance Run Flat

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summer tyre

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winter tyre

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Performance Tyre

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Run Flat Tyres (RFT)

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13. SUV, XUV, MUV

SUV MUV XUV

· SUV stands for a sports utility vehicle · MUV stands for a multi-utility · The XUV term is associated with the
that is used to denote any vehicle that vehicle. It is used for various Mahindra XUV 500; it is an SUV produced by
looks like a station wagon. It means that is purposes and the cars of this an Indian automobile company known as
has a mini truck kind of platform. Few segment are known for their duty- Mahindra and Mahindra. As it is an SUV, it
vehicles from this segment are Mahindra ness, durability, stability, looks, certainly contains all the features of an
Scorpio, Toyota Fortuner, Maruti Grand reliability, etc. SUV.
Vitara, Tata Safari, Ford Endeavour, and · Toyota Innova, Mahindra Xylo, · This vehicle was designed and developed at
Honda CRV. Tata Sumo, and Mahindra Bolero are the company’s build center present in Nashik
· They are known for performing some off- some of the vehicles falling in the and Chennai, whereas it is manufactured in
road duties. These vehicles are apt for category of MUVs. Mahindra’s Chakan and Nashik plant in India.
driving rough textured roads. · It is a type of vehicle designed like · XUV 500 has the engine known as-
· The mid-size and full-size SUVs have the shape of a van. Multi Utility mHawk140, Direct injection diesel engine
generally three rows of seats and the Vehicle or cars have bigger chassis 5th generation Variable Geometry Turbo.
cargo area is placed behind the last row of dimensions, more seating capacity The max gross power of the engine is 140
seats. It is preferred for people looking out and most of the models are designed Bhp (103kW) @ 3750 rpm and Max gross
for features like a spacious vehicle with a with folded rear seats, and the area Torque is 330 Nm @1600-2800rpm.
bit off-road capability. that is left can be used for some · It comes with features like a fully-loaded
· SUV’s can be easily spotted by their extra luggage space. GPS navigation system, a Driver
appearances and looks, resembling a big · A multi-utility car can accommodate Information System, Cruise Control,
station wagon. many passengers and also carry more Intellipark Reverse Assist, and Smart Rain
luggage at a time and Light sensors



14. Interesting Information

BMW flat tires still can move 100 km .

Why?

-Run-flat tires (RFT)
-A tire that can continue to drive even if it
has punctured depends on the degree of
leakage
-Run-flat tires allow continuous driving even
after losing some or all of the tire air
pressure up to 100 km at a maximum speed
of up to 100 km/h.

RFT Systems :

1. Self supporting 2. Support ring
Tire features reinforced Used on heavy
sidewall construction vehicle tires
that will continue Support ring systems
supporting the vehicle employ of a ring of
in the event of air loss. hard rubber or
Allows continued another structure
operation after the loss that can support the
of air pressure up to the vehicle’s weight in an
speed and distance air loss condition
specified by the
manufacturer

ExamplceoodfeRsFT and

1.Continental – (Self-Supporting Runflat)
SSR

2.Dunlop – (Dunlop Self-Supporting
Technology) DSST & (Run On Flat) ROF

3.Goodyear – (Extended Mobility
Technology) EMT &ROF

4.Bridgestone – (Run-Flat System
Component)ROF, RFT, RSC

5.Michelin- (Zero Pressure) ZP
6.Pirelli – RSC
7.Sailun- ZSR &RFT
8.Hankook- (Hankook Runflat System)

HRS

15.CONCLUSION

Polymers are divided into two, namely natural
polymers and synthetic polymers.
Polymers have many uses and one of them is tires
made of synthetic polymers.
Synthetic polymers are important in the
automotive materials manufacturing industry.
We chose tires to identify about synthetic polymers
and identify the general characteristics of synthetic
polymers and synthetic rubber.

16. References

https://docplayer.info/215606615-Bab-4-polimer-kimia-
tingkatan-5-kssm-oleh-cikgu-norazila-khalid-smk-ulu-tiram-
johor.html
http://animhosnan.blogspot.com/2017/07/getah-tiruan-dan-
getah-asli-apa-dia.html
https://rootofscience.com/blog/2021/kimia/polimer-definisi-
jenis-kegunaan-seharian/
BYJU’S (2021). Polymers – Types, Classification,
Properties, and Uses of Polymers. Diambil daripada:
https://byjus.com/jee/polymers/
http://my.topower-tire.com/news/will-you-select-the-soft-or-
hard-tires-26473158.html

Thank You!

For any questions, please raise your hand