DVF20062 HISTORY OF CLOTHING Prepare by: SOFEA AINUL BATRISYIA BINTI IRWAN (09DFP22F2001) NAPOLEONIC ERA (1799-1815)
INTRODUCTION 1800-1809, 19th century 1810-1819, 19th century • The high-waisted neoclassical silhouette continued to define womenswear of the 1810s, as fashion remained inspired by classical antiquity. However, the purity of the line was increasingly broken by trim, colors, and a new angularity as tubular skirts were gradually replaced by triangular ones by the end of the decade. Menswear was led by British tailors, as a perfect fit was paramount. World events such as the Napoleonic Wars played a large role in shaping fashion of the period. • The nineteenth century opened with a fashion landscape that was changing dramatically and rapidly from the styles of a generation earlier. The French Revolution brought fashions that had been emerging since the 1780s to the forefront. Neoclassicism now defined fashion as both men and women took inspiration from classical antiquity. For women, the highwaisted silhouette in lightweight muslin was the dominant style, while fashionable men looked to the tailors of Britain for a new, refined look.
HISTORY • The Napoleonic Era, named after the French military and political leader Napoleon Bonaparte, corresponds to the period from the late 18th century to the early 19th century. It roughly spans from the late 1700s to the early 1800s. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power during the French Revolution and became Emperor of the French in 1804. His reign and the subsequent Napoleonic Wars significantly influenced European history and lasted until his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Therefore, the Napoleonic Era primarily encompasses the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century.
LIFESTYLE Nobility and Upper Classes • Luxurious Living • Fashion and Etiquette • Leisure Activities • Education and Pursuits Middle Class • Rising Social Mobility • Business and Trade • Cultural Pursuits Lower Class • Working Conditions: The lower classes, including peasants, laborers, and factory workers, faced challenging working conditions in rural areas and factories.
CULTURE • Intellectual and Artistic Movements • Arts and Architecture • Music and Dance • Society and Fashion • Legacy and Influence
WOMEN CLOTHING
NOBLE WOMEN • Empire Silhouette: Women's evening dresses were characterized by the Empire silhouette, featuring high waistlines just below the bust and flowing, columnar skirts that fell gracefully to the floor. • Slim, Columnar Gowns: Dresses were made of lightweight fabrics like muslin, silk, or fine wool, clinging gently to the body without excessive volume. • Low Necklines: Dresses often had low necklines, either in a straight or slightly curved shape, complemented by delicate decorations or embroidery. • Short Sleeves or Sleeveless: Many evening gowns had short sleeves or were entirely sleeveless, allowing for freedom of movement. • Embellishments: Some dresses featured intricate embroidery, beading, or lace, especially around the neckline or hemline. Women's evening dresses
Footwear: Women wore delicate and stylish shoes made of silk or satin, often with decorative buckles or ribbons. Gowns and Dresses: Women of nobility wore intricately designed gowns and dresses made from luxurious fabrics such as silk, satin, velvet, and fine wool. These garments were tailored to accentuate the female figure and often featured corsets and structured bodices. Shawl or Scarf: Luxurious scarves and shawls made of silk, cashmere, or fine wool were draped over shoulders or worn around the neck as fashionable accessories.
Classical Hairstyles: Women styled their hair in soft curls or updos, often adorned with ribbons, feathers, or combs. Headpieces: Decorative headpieces like tiaras or diadems were occasionally worn for formal evening events. WOMEN HAIRSTYLE
WOMEN ACCESSORIES Tiara Necklace Gloves
WOMEN HEADWEAR Bonnet of white chip and satin; turned up in front and tied under the chin. Crown full and finished at the top with a bow. Turban of white crape, made much on one side; the top is flat, doubly crossed with pleated crape, and ornamented with pieces of wreath. An elegant fancy dress cap, made of lace in three rows or borders, attached to a tight shape of pink silk.
Shift/Chemise: A basic undergarment, usually made of linen. PEASANTS WOMEN Fabrics used by peasants were typically homespun and made of durable materials like wool, linen, or cotton. Clothing was generally plain and functional, lacking the embellishments and luxurious materials worn by the upper classes. Peasants would often make their clothes at home or rely on local seamstresses or tailors.
Skirt and Apron: Long skirts made of linen or wool, sometimes with an apron worn over them for protection. Head Coverings: Women often wore caps, bonnets, or scarves to cover their hair. Bodice or Corset: A garment worn over the chemise to provide shape and support.
MEN CLOTHING
• Tailcoats and Waistcoats: Men wore tailcoats made of dark-colored wool or velvet, paired with waistcoats and trousers. • Crisp White Shirts: Shirts were typically white and made of linen or cotton, often featuring high collars and ruffled fronts. MEN
MEN ACCESSORIES Accessories: Cravats and Neckwear: Men wore cravats, which were wide, folded fabric ties, secured with a pin or tied in a bow at the neck. Gloves: White gloves were a common accessory, adding a formal touch to the ensemble.
MEN HAIRSTYLE The Chérubin hairstyle was characterized by its youthful and slightly disheveled appearance, reflecting a more romantic and carefree aesthetic. It aimed to emulate a tousled, natural look that conveyed a sense of romanticism and innocence. Windswept: Men during the Napoleonic Era often wore their hair at moderate lengths with a side part, which might have led to a slightly tousled appearance, especially when exposed to wind or physical activity. The focus on practicality and functionality might have resulted in hairstyles that were less meticulously groomed compared to more formal occasions.
MEN PEASANTS
Shirt: A loosefitting shirt made of linen or wool. Breeches: Short trousers reaching below the knee, often made of wool or sturdy fabric. Vest or Waistcoat: Worn over the shirt, typically made of wool or cotton. Hats or Caps: Peasant men might wear broad-brimmed hats or simple caps made of wool or cloth. Short Hairstyle: Many peasant men kept their hair relatively short for practical reasons, as longer hair could get in the way during physical labor.
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