PL AR RS P5L4 Water and Changes of State IV WS

Primary 5

Rocket Science

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WATER AND CHANGES OF STATE IV (LESSON 4)
WATER AND CHANGES OF STATE IV (LESSON 4)

Primary 5: Rocket Science

LESSON OUTLINE
• Notes
• Activity 1: Hands-on Activity
• Activity 2: MCQs
• Activity 3: Open-ended Questions
• Activity 4: Fun Facts

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

THE WATER CYCLE – NOTES

THE WATER CYCLE

• All living things need water to stay alive.
• The movement of water between the earth and the sky happens repeatedly in a cycle.

This is known as the water cycle.
• The water supply ensures a constant supply of water from the sky.
• The water cycle occurs because water is able to change into the solid, liquid and

gaseous state.

Fill in the blanks below after watching the animation. Lesson

AR Model – Water Cycle Animation

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

Activity 1 – Hands-on Activity: Cloud in a Jar

Objective: To show condensation of water vapour into water droplets on hairspray
particles.

Materials Needed: Experiment
• Glass jar with lid
• About 1/3 cup of hot water
• Ice
• Hairspray

Instructions

1. Start by pouring the hot water into the jar. Swirl it around a bit to warm up the
sides of the jar.

2. Turn the lid upside down and place it on top of the jar. Place several ice
cubes onto the lid and allow it to rest on top of the jar for about 20 seconds.

3. Remove the lid and quickly spray a bit of hairspray into the jar, then replace
the lid with the ice still on top. Watch the cloud form.

4. When you see a good amount of condensation form, remove the lid and
watch the “cloud” escape into the air.

Discussion: How does this work?

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

Activity 2 – MCQs

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

1. Which one of the following diagrams correctly shows how pond water plays a part in the
water cycle?

(1) Clouds
Condensation
Rain
Pond Water

Evaporation Water Vapour

(2) Clouds
Evaporation

Pond Water Rain

Condensation Water Vapour
(3) Clouds

Condensation

Water Vapour Rain

Evaporation Pond Water
(4) Clouds

Evaporation

Water Vapour Rain

Condensation Pond Water

()

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

2. Two groups of pupils were camping at a beach on a hot day. Pupils from Group A used a
cup to obtain water from sea water as shown below in a hole.

Plastic Rock Stone Rock
sheets

Ground

Sea water Water Cup

Pupils from Group B used a similar set-up with the same amount of sea water in a
similar hole. Instead of a cup, they used a large bowl to collect water as shown below.

Plastic Rock Stone Rock
sheets
Ground

Sea water Water Bowl

Which of the following correctly represents the group that collected more water and the
reason for it?

Group that Reason
Collected
More Water The greater exposed surface area of the sea water when
(1) A the cup was used.
The smaller exposed surface area of the sea water when
(2) B the cup was used.
The smaller exposed surface area of the sea water when
(3) A the bowl was used.
The greater exposed surface area of the sea water when
(4) B the bowl was used.

()

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

3. Study the water cycle below.

Water Process X

Rain Water Vapour

Clouds

Which of the following correctly shows what happened during process X?

Heat or Gain Loss Change in state
(1) Gains heat Liquid state to Gaseous state
(2) Loses heat Liquid state to Gaseous state
(3) Loses heat Gaseous state to Liquid state
(4) Gains heat Gaseous state to Liquid state

( )

4. Siva filled a container to the brim with tap water and placed it in front of a fan.

Fan Container
x of water

When distance x = 20 cm, Siva measured the amount of water left in the container after
an hour. He then repeated the experiment with x = 40 cm and 60 cm each time.

Siva wanted to investigate how the rate of evaporation of water is affected by the
___________________.

(1) amount of wind
(2) temperature of water
(3) time taken for the experiment
(4) amount of water left in the container

()

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

5. Study the set-ups below. Ice cubes

500ml of water Glass dish
30ºC
Cup to collect
water droplets
Container

Set-up A

500ml of water 500ml of water
30ºC 80ºC

Set-up B Set-up C

500ml of water
10ºC

Set-up D

If the room temperature is 30ºC, which of the set-ups will have the most amount of
water collected in the cup at the end of 10 minutes?

(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D

()

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

6. The set-up in Diagram 1 was used to measure the distance moved by an air bubble in
the glass tube when the plant took in water.

Lily added a fan beside the set-up (Diagram 2) to study how the speed of the fan affects
the distance moved by the air bubble in the glass tube.

plant fan can be plant
set at
different
speeds

ruler glass tube ruler glass tube
air bubble
air bubble
oil beaker
oil Diagram 2 of
beaker of water water

Diagram 1

Which one of the following correctly explains why the air bubble moved a greater
distance up the glass tube when the fan speed increased?

(1) More water evaporated from the beaker of water. )
(2) The wind from the fan increased the rate of condensation.
(3) The rate of photosynthesis increased as the fan speed increased.
(4) More water was lost in the form of water vapour through the stomata.

(

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

7. Study the diagram of the water cycle shown below.
Clouds

Water Vapour Rain

Process X Seas and
Rivers

Which of the following describes Process X and the state of matter for clouds correctly?

Process X State of matter for clouds
(1) Condensation Gas
(2) Condensation Liquid
(3) Evaporation Gas
(4) Evaporation Liquid

()

8. In the diagram below, X and Y are processes that take place in the water cycle.

Process X
Process Y

Based on the diagram above, which of the following is correct? )

(1) Process Y takes place at a fixed temperature.
(2) Heat is gained by the water vapour during Process X.
(3) There is a change of state of water in both processes.
(4) Light and heat energy are needed for both processes to take place.

(

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

9. On Saturday, Adriyan switched on the air conditioner in his bedroom. When he looked
out of his bedroom window, he observed that there were water droplets found on the
inner surface of his window as shown in Diagram 1.

water
droplets

outer inner
surface surface

Diagram 1: Side view of
window on Saturday

However, on Sunday, he observed that the water droplets were formed on the outer
surface of the window as shown in Diagram 2.

water
droplets

inner
surface

outer
surface

Diagram 2: Side view of
window on Sunday

Which one of the following shows the possible temperature conditions of the air outside
and inside his bedroom during the two days?

Saturday Sunday

Temperature of Temperature of Temperature of Temperature of

air outside air inside air outside air inside
bedroom (oC) bedroom (oC) bedroom (oC) bedroom (oC)

(1) 23 23 34 33

(2) 20 24 32 23

(3) 33 32 24 25

(4) 34 24 24 31

( )

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

10. The diagram below shows the water cycle. Rain

Clouds
Y

Water
Vapour

X

Oceans, Seas, Rivers

X and Y are two processes that take place in the water cycle. AR Model – Water Cycle
Which of the following statements show the same processes as X and Y taking place?

Process X Process Y
Heating ice cubes in a beaker
(1) Preparation of sea salt from sea
water

(2) Mist formed at the spout of a kettle Dew forming on the surface of a leaf
boiling water in the morning

(3) Water droplets disappearing from Water droplets forming on the
the surface of a glass filled with cold surfaces of a terrarium
water

(4) Glass lenses of spectacles blurred Volume of water reduces in a beaker
after leaving an air-conditioned room after being left untouched in an air-
conditioned room

()

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

Activity 3 – Open-ended Questions
1. Bob conducted the experiment as shown below.

Glass sheet
Water droplets

Pot containing
boiling water

Cup to
collect water

He recorded the volume of water collected every 3 minutes and recorded the findings in
the table below.

Time Interval Volume of Water Collected
Gains heat Liquid state to gaseous state
Loses heat Liquid state to gaseous state
Loses heat Gaseous state to liquid state
Gains heat Gaseous state to liquid state

(a) Explain the processes that allow water to be collected in the cup as shown in [2]
the experiment above.

(b) Bob wants to collect more water in the cup within the same period of time. [1]
What can he do to the set-up above? Explain your answer.

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

2. Judy is conducting an experiment to find out which container allows water to evaporate
the fastest. She poured 250 ml of water into each of the containers P, Q, R and S, as
shown below, and placed them at the same location.

P QR S

(a) Arrange the containers in the order of the rate of evaporation of water, [1]
starting with the one that evaporates the fastest. Explain your answer.

(b) The containers P, Q, R and S are all not similar in the way they look yet all [1]
were able to hold 250ml of water. State one property of water that allows this
to happen.

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Primary 5: Rocket Science

(c) Judy had two similar test tubes containing water at room temperature of
26ºC. She wrapped one of them with a piece of tissue paper that had been
made wet with room temperature water, but left the other test tube of water
intact.

thermometer

water at test tube water at
26ºC wrapped with 26ºC
wet tissue
paper

Ten minutes later, she observed that the temperature of the water in the test
tube wrapped with wet tissue paper had decreased, but the temperature of
water in the other test tube remained unchanged.

Give a reason for this. [1]

(d) In places where temperature is high, animals can sometimes be seen rolling
in the mud. Mud contains water.

Based on Judy’s experiment, explain how the animal’s behaviour benefits [1]
them.

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Primary 4: Rocket Science

Activity 4 – Fun Facts: Fog

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSlq08dm89I
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What is fog?
2. How is fog formed?
3. Why is fog less common in Singapore?

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