PL AR RSO P3L10 Fungi and Bacteria III WS_1

Primary 3

Rocket Science OEQ

Name ______________
Tutor
Topic FUNGI AND BACTERIAIII (LESSON 10)

______________

FUNGI AND BACTERIAIII (LESSON 10)

Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

Lesson Outline

• Notes
• Activity 1: Concept Recall
• Activity 2: Open-ended Questions
• Activity 3: Science in Daily Life

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

FUNGI (SINGULAR: FUNGUS) – NOTES
Fungi are living things which cannot make their own food like plants and cannot
move from one place to another like animals. Fungi and bacteria are called
decomposers. They break down dead matter into nutrients.
Examples of fungi: mould, yeast, bracket fungi, toadstool and mushroom.

Lesson

Mould on strawberries Mould on the wall

Yeast Edible mushroom
Characteristics of fungi:

• Fungi need air, food and water to survive. AR Model – Fungi
• They grow well in dark, moist and warm places.

• Fungi grow on dead or living matter and feed on them.

• Some fungi such as the bracket fungi and mushrooms can be seen with
the unaided eye.

• Fungi such as the yeast can only be seen under the microscope.

• The organisms which can be seen under the microscope are called
micro-organisms.

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

FUNGI (SINGULAR: FUNGUS) – NOTES

Where are fungi found?

Fungi grow in places where there is lot of moisture. They can grow in toilets, in
corners of buildings, on wood, dead leaves or even the bodies of living things.

How do fungi obtain food?

Fungi feed on other living things, which may be dead or alive. They also do not
move from place to place in search of food. They cannot make their own food like
plants. Instead, they get their food by growing and feeding on other living things
or dead matter. For example, some fungi grow and feed on dead plants such as
rotting logs and human skin. A type of fungi, truffles, feeds on the roots of oak
trees.

How do fungi reproduce?

Fungi reproduce by producing spores. These spores are very tiny and light.
Some look like brown dust. Spores can survive very high or very low
temperatures. Spores that are released by fungi float in the air until they land on
a suitable surface to grow on. Spores of mushrooms can be found under the cap
which protects the gills.

Cap Scale Cap Gills
Gills Tubes Stalk
Ring Ring
Pores (annulus)
Volva Stipe
Scales Volva (universal
veil remnant)

AR Model – Fungi

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

FUNGI (SINGULAR: FUNGUS) – NOTES
What are the harmful effects of bacteria?

• Some types of fungi can turn food bad. Mould can also grow on objects
made of leather, such as shoes and bags.

• Fungi can also grow on living things. Some fungi grow on damp skin
surfaces and can cause skin infections such as ring worm and toenail
fungus.

Sporangiophores 0.2 mm
Rhizopus stolonifer

Types of fungal infection

Mold fungal infection Tinea unguium

Yeast fungal infection

Uses of fungi:

• Fungi can be useful or harmful to us.

• Some fungi can be eaten.

• Many types of mushrooms can be eaten.

• A type of fungi, baker’s yeast, is used in baking e.g. bread.Another type
of yeast is used to brew beer. Special type of moulds is used to make
cheese and medicines such as antibiotics.

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

FUNGI (SINGULAR: FUNGUS) – NOTES
Why are mushrooms awesome?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fooP2ienR0
Discussion Questions
1. Where do fungi get their food from?
2. How do fungi digest food?
3. What happens if we eat mushrooms that are not edible?

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

BACTERIA(SINGULAR: BACTERIUM) – NOTES
Characteristics of bacteria:
Examples of Bacteria

PictureA Picture B

• Bacterium can be found in places such as plants, animals, soil, air and
water.

• They are micro -organisms and can only be seen under the microscope.

• Bacteria come in many shapes and sizes.

• Bacteria are found everywhere such as in plants, animals, soil, air and
water including our bodies.

• Bacteria feed on other living things or dead matter.Toothdecay is
caused by a type of bacteria which feeds on food residue found on
teeth. It is important to brush our teeth before going to bed to avoid
bacteria growing on the teeth.

• We should also wash our hands after using the washroom to avoid
bacterial infections.

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

BACTERIA(SINGULAR: BACTERIUM) – NOTES
How do bacteria obtain food?
Most bacteria cannot make their own food. They feed on other living things which
may be dead or alive.
Some bacteria can survive extremely high temperatures. They have been found
living in the deep sea, where temperatures are as high as 105 degrees Celsius.
That is hotter than boiling water.
How do bacteria reproduce?
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. In this process, the bacterium, which is a
single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells.
What are the harmful effects of bacteria?
Some bacteria are harmful because they cause illnesses such as pneumonia and
influenza, which can be fatal.
Contaminated water carries bacteria which cannot be seen with the unaided eye.
When we drink this water, we may get diarrhea or fever.
Harmful bacteria such as salmonella can spoil food. Some food and drinks that
are left outside spoil quickly.An example is milk. Bacteria will grow quickly in milk
which is left outside and cause it to spoil.
Raw meat often contains harmful bacteria. Meat must be kept in the freezer to
slow down the growth of bacteria. Meat must be cooked properly to kill the
bacteria in it. This makes sure that we do not fall sick when we eat the meat.

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

BACTERIA(SINGULAR: BACTERIUM) – NOTES

Uses of bacteria:

• Our body contains useful bacteria which help to digest food. Some
bacteria are used in the production of food such as, cheese, vinegar,
yoghurt, soy sauce and fermented food. These help with our digestion
and are generally healthy for our body.

• Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria found in food such as yoghurt.
Lactobacillus can also be used to make food such as vinegar and
cheese.

• Some bacteria are used in making medicines, such as antibiotics.
Antibiotics are used to cure bacterial infections.

Probiotic drink Pasteurised milk

Louis Pasteur was a famous French scientist who discovered pasteurisation.
Pasteur discovered a way to kill the bacteria in the wine and later in milk.

Pasteurisation was later used in the production of milk which keeps the packaged
milk fresh for a longer period.

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

BACTERIA(SINGULAR: BACTERIUM) – NOTES
What are bacteria?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaN8pSmtyV4
Discussion Questions
1. Name the three factors which classify bacteria as living organisms?
2. What are bacteria that cause diseases known as?
3. How can we prevent the spread of bacteria?

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

Activity 1 – Concept Recall Name
Name the following:

Statement
No.

1. Micro-organisms can be seen under the
instrument.

2. The fungi used in making bread.
3. A type of bacteria found in food such as yoghurt.

4. Medicines which are used to treat some bacterial
infections.

5. Fungi reproduce by producing these particles
which are very tiny and light

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

Activity 2 – Open-ended Questions
1. Tomleft two pieces of Bread,Aand B, in a dark cupboard for five days.

Bread mould

BreadA (dry) Bread B (moist)

At the end of five days, Tom observed that more bread mould had formed on
Bread B.

(a) Based on the information above, name the condition necessary for

the bread mould to grow on the bread. [1]

Tomhad two similar pairs of leather shoes, X and y, as shown below.

Water

Shoe X Shoe Y

Shoe X was dry while shoe Y was wet. Tom kept the two pairs of leather
shoes in two separate shoe boxes and left them in the shoe cupboard.After
one week, Tom found some mould growing on one of the pairs of leather
shoes.

(b) Which pair of leather shoes, X and Y, would mould be seen [2]
growing? Explain.

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

2. An experiment was conducted using two pieces of biscuits. They were
placed on a table in the same room. Biscuit A was blown dry with a hair
dryer. Biscuit B was sprinkled with water. Observations of the two biscuits
during the 6 days were recorded in the table below.

Day Biscuit A Biscuit B
2 No change No change
4 No change A few dark spots
6 No change More dark spots

(a) Based on the observations above, which biscuit,A or B, would have

more bacteria growing on it? Explain your answer clearly. [2]

(b) State one use of bacteria. [1]
(c) Write down how bacteria can harm our body. [1]

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

3. Kim went out for dinner with their family. When they returned it was very late.
Kim was tired but remembered to brush her teeth before going to bed.

(a) Why is it important to brush your teeth before going to bed? [1]

(b) How is tooth decay caused? [1]

4. Study the two organisms as shown below.

OrganismA Organism B

(a) Which group of living things do the organisms A and B belong to? [2]

OrganismA:

Organism B: [2]
(b) How do the organisms,A and B reproduce?

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

(c) State one usefulness of organisms, A and B. [2]
OrganismA

Organism B

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

Activity 3 – Science in Daily Life: You are your microbes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1X8p0vhsWRE

Discuss Answer

Before the video Imagine our body is
like a huge city where
many microbes live.
Do you know where
we can find bacteria in
and on our body.

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Primary 3: Rocket Science OEQ

Discuss Answer

1:08 Where is cellulose
2:38 found?
3:07
Why should we eat
more fruits and
vegetables as
compared to sweets
and candies?

How can we
revitalise microbial
ecosystem in our
guts?

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