नैतिक शिक्षा

नैितक िश ा

क ा ७ 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

नेपाल सरकार  

िश ा ,िव ान तथा िवधी म ालय

पा म िवकास के    

सानोिठिम, भ पुर     

g}lts lzIff

sIff &

gk] fn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

k|sfzs g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; s]Gb|

;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/'

© ;jfl{ wsf/ kf7\ojm| d ljsf; sG] b|

o; kf7o\ k:' ts;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/' df
lglxt /x]sf] 5 . kf7\ojm| d ljsf; s]Gb|sf] lnlvt :jLsl[ tlagf Jofkfl/s k|ofh] gsf
nflu o;sf] k/' } jf cf+lzs efu x'ax' k|sfzg ug,{ kl/jtg{ u/]/ k|sfzg ug,{ s'g}
ljB'tLo ;fwg jf cGo kl| jlwaf6 /s] 8{ ug{ / kl| tlnlk lgsfNg kfOg] 5}g .

k|yd ;+:s/0f M lj=;+ @)&!

kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f M lj=;+ @)&^

db' 0| fM hgs lzIff ;fdu|L sG] b| ln=
;fgf]l7dL, eStk/' .

dN" o ?=

kf7\ok':ts;DaGwL kf7sx¿sf s'g} klg k|sf/sf ;¬´fjx¿ ePdf kf7\oj|md ljsf;
sG] b|, ;dGjo tyf ks| fzg zfvfdf k7fOlbg'x'g cg/' fw] 5 . kf7sx¿af6 cfpg]
;´¬ fjx¿nfO{ s]Gb| xflbs{ :jfut ub{5 . tkfO“n] lsgs] f] kf7o\ k':tsdf s'g} q'l6
ePdf glhssf] ljt/saf6 pSt k:' ts ;f6g\ ;Sg'xg' ] 5 .

xfdf| ] egfO

lzIffnfO{ p2Z] od"ns, Jofjxfl/s / ;d;fdlos agfpg kf7o\ j|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] ljBfno txsf
kf7\oj|mdtyf kf7o\ k:' ts ljsf; tyf kl/dfhg{ ug{] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . ljBfyLd{ f
/fi6k« d|] , /fli6o« tf kl| tsf] ;dk0{ f / nfs] tflGqs k4ltnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fO{ gl} tsjfg,\
cgz' fl;t, :jfjnDaL tyf l;hg{ zLn eO{ ;dfjz] L ;dfh lgdf0{ fdf ofu] bfg lbg ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf; xg'
cfjZos 5 .pgLx¿df eflifs tyf ul0ftLo l;ksf ;fy} lj1fg, ;r" gf tyf ;~rf/ kl| jlw, jftfj/0f,
:jf:Yo tyf hg;ªV\ of;DaGwL cfwf/et" 1fg tyf hLjgfk] ofu] L l;ksf] ljsf; xg' h?/L 5 . To;} u/L
ljBfyLx{ ¿df snf tyf ;fG} bo{ kl| tsf] cg/' fu / dfgjLo dN" o dfGotf, cfbz{ tyf j}lzi6\ox¿k|ltsf]
;rt] tf ;lxt ltgsf] ;/+ If0f, ;j+ wg{ ug{] efjgfsf] ljsf; cfjZos 5 . ;dtf dn" s ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ fdf
;xofu] k¥' ofpg pgLx¿df ljleGg hfthflt, lnªu\ , efiff, wd,{ ;:+ sl[ t / Ifq] nufotsf ljljwtfx¿sf]
;Ddfg ug]{ / dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;dflhs dN" o dfGotf kl| t ;rt] eO{ lhDdj] f/L jxg ug]{ efjgfsf] ljsf;
u/fpg' cfjZos 5 . plNnlvt cfjZostfnfO{ bl[ i6ut u/L cfwf/et" lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -sIff ^–*_, @)^(
nfO{ dn" cfwf/dfgL lzIff;DaGwL ljleGg cfofu] sf ;e' mfj, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsnufot lzIff;u“
;Da4 ljleGg JolSt ;lDdlnt uf]i7L / cGt/lj|mofsf lgisif{ / ljleGg ljBfnodf k/LIf0f u/L kf| Kt
ki[ 7kf]if0f ;d]tnfO{ ;d6] L of] kf7o\ k:' ts tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .

kf7\ok':tsnfO{ o; :j¿kdf Nofpg] sfo{df kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
lbjfs/ 9'ªu\ n] tyf piff bLlIft, 8f= lrGtfdl0f of]uL, lbgz] vgfn, Psf/Tg zdf{ cfrfo,{ ;fg'
cdfTo, sz] jk|;fb Gofk} fg], t'n;L cfrfo,{ 1fgdl0f gk] fn, l8saxfb/' /fO,{ x]d/fh vltj8fsf]
ljz]if of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . kf7\ok':tsnfO{ cWofjlws tyf kl/dfh{g u/L k|sflzt ug{]
sfo{df o; sG] bs| f dxflgbz]{ s 8f= nv] gfy kf8} n] , >L u0fz] k;| fb e6\6/fO{ / >L lrgfsd' f/L
lg/fn} fsf] ofu] bfg /xs] f] 5 . o; k:' tssf] rf/ /ªdf ljsf; ugs{ f nflu snf ;Dkfbg sfo{ >L >Lxl/
>i] 7af6 ePsf] xf] . o; kf7o\ k:' tssf] ljsf; tyf kl/dfhg{ sfod{ f ;n+ Ug ;ak} l| t kf7o\ jm| d ljsf;
sG] b| wGojfb k|s6 ub5{ .

kf7o\ k:' tsnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfOsf] dxŒjk0" f{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . o; kf7\ok:' tssf] k|of]uaf6
kf7o\ j|mdåf/f nlIft ;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xof]u kU' g] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 . kf7\ok':tsnfO{
;s;] Dd ljm| ofsnfkdv' L / ?lrs/ agfpg] ko| Tg ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7o\ k:' tsnfO{ cem} kl/ist[ kfgs{ f nflu
lzIfs, ljBfyL,{ cleefjs, al' 4hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk0" f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;dt] dxŒjk0" f{ el" dsf /xg] xb“' f ;Da4 ;as} f]
/rgfTds ;'emfjsf nflu kf7o\ j|md ljsf; sG] b| xflb{s cg/' f]w ub5{ .

gk] fn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf kl| jlw dGqfno
lj= ;=+ @)&^ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|

PsfO ljifo;r" L ki[ 7 ;ª\Vof
ljifoj:t '
PsfO !
kf7 ! rfl/lqs ljsf; !–!$
kf7 @
kf7 # b]jL/fdn] b]vfPsf] af6f ] @
PsfO @
kf7 ! wd{sf] ;femf ;f/ %
kf7 @
kf7 # ;a} ldnf} “ !!
PsfO #
kf7 ! dfgjLo d"No dfGotf !%–@*
kf7 @
kf7 # ;xofu] L efjgf !^
PsfO $
kf7 ! sfd y/L y/Lsf @!
kf7 @
kf7 # Odfgbf/L @&
PsfO %
kf7 ! gful/s st{Jo / bfloTj ##–%@
kf7 @
kf7 # xfd|f] clwsf/ #$

gl} ts bfloTj $)

aa' fsf] ctL { $&

;fdl" xs hLjg k4lt / ljljwtf %#–^(

lzIffsf] dxŒj %$

g}lts cEof; %(

;as} f] ;Ddfg cfkm\ g} ;Ddfg ^%

cgz' f;g tyf ;sf/fTds lrGtg &)–*^

d c;n aG5' &!

cg'zf;gsf kmfObf &^

sfd cg';f/sf] kmn *!

!PsfO rfl/lqs ljsf;

jb] afOan s'/fg lqlk6s

l;sfO pknlAw

rl/q ljsf;sf ljleGg gd'gfx¿ k|:tt' ug{ / ;f]cg;' f/ Jojxf/df cg';/0f ug{
dfgjLo cfr/0fsf ;DaGwdf wds{ f ;femf ;f/ atfpg / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{
wfld{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs cfr/0flar ;dGjo ug {

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 1

! b]jL/fdn] b]vfPsf] af6f]

ckl] Ift Jojxf/

kl| tsn" cj:yfdf klg wo} { /fvL sfd ug{
c;n p2Z] o /fvL sfddf ;ljm| o /xg
cj;/sf] ;b'kofu] ug{
;j] f / ;xofu] sf nflu tTk/ /xg
;fd"lxstfsf] efjgfn] sfd ug{
cgs' /0fLo rl/qsf] ljsf;sf nflu k|l] /t xg'
 
bj] L/fd u?' ªsf] hGd dgfªsf] ltNr] ufpd“ f
ePsf] xf] . b]jL/fdnfO{ ;a}n] b]jL eg]/
af]nfp“y] . pgsf] 3/sf] cfly{s cj:yf
sdhf]/ lyof ] . bj] L ;fg} xb“' f pgsf cfdf
a'afsf] dT[ o' ePsf] lyof] . 3/df bfh' / lbbL
lyP . t/ pgLx¿n] b]jLsf] plrt :ofxf/
;';f/ ug{ ;sg] g\ . 3/df sg' } pkfo gbv] ]
kl5 bj] L vfnL v'66\ f sf7df8f}“ ;x/ l5/] .
pgL;u“ s]xL lyPg . vfg], a:g] / nufpg]
cfwf/ gePsf bj] Lsf] ;8s hLjg ;'? eof] .
pgL lbge/ ;8sdf 8'nL lx8“ \y] . bj] L /ftdf dlGb/sf] k]6Ldf ;t' /] latfp“y ] . pgL ;fyL;u“
ljleGg 7fp“df vfgs] /' f vfH] g / dfUg hfGy] . b]jL lbge/ h] ldNof] ToxL vfP/ u'hf/f uy{] .

lzIf0f ;e' mfj
c;n rl/q lgdf0{ fdf ljBfyLs{ f] e"ldsf s:tf] xG' 5 eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn u/L cfPsf ab'“ f l6kf]6
ugx{' f];\ . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;dfhdf c;n rl/qsf] gd'gf k:| tt' ug{ cfjZos kg{] Jofjxfl/s rl/
qx¿sf] ;r" L agfO{ k:| tt' ug{ nufpgx' f;]  \ . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 3/, kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf s] s:tf c;n
rl/q ePsf JolStx¿ 5g\ < cleefjs;u“ 5nkmn ug{ nufpgx' f];\ . c;n xg' fsf sf/0f vf]hL
u/L sIff sf7] fdf k:| tt' ug{ nufpgx' f;] \ .

2 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf ] . bj] L/fdn] 7dn] sf] Pp6f /:] 6'/fd“ f sfd kfP . Toxf“ yk' |} ljb]zL ko{6s
cfp“y] . tLdWo] sx] L ko{6s af/Daf/ Toxf“ cfO/xGy] . af/Daf/ g]kfn cfpg] ko6{ sx¿df
;Gtfg gePsf Ps cdl] /sL hf]8L klg lyP . bj] Lsf] c;n Jojxf/af6 tL ko6{ s k|efljt
eP . cd]l/sL ko{6sn] bj] LnfO{ cdl] /sf nh} fg] s'/f u/] . b]jLn] klg sx] L ug{ ;lsG5 ls
eGg] ;fr] ]/ cd]l/sf hfg l7s} 7fg] .

cdl] /sfdf bj] Ln] ljBfno / snh] xb“' } ljZjljBfno txsf] lzIff k"/f u/ ] . pgL c;n cfr/0f
ePsf nugzLn ljBfyL{ lyP . Toxf“ pgn] :jf:Yo lj1fg ljifodf pRr lzIff xfl;n u/ ] .

7d]nsf] /]:6/' fd“ f sfd ug{] an] fb]lv g} b]jLdf ;dfh ;]jfsf] efjgf kb} f ePsf] lyof ] . Toxf“
sfd ubf{ pgdf w]/} k;} f sdfpg ;s] To:t} 7'nf] xf6] n ;~rfng ug]{ ljrf/ cfPsf] lyof ] .
pgnfO{ :jf:Yo ;:+ yf vfn] ]/ u|fdL0f e]usf hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ OR5f klg lyof] . b]jLsf] dg
rfv] f] / ;kmf lyof ] .

;fgf] pd/] df 7n' f] p2Z] o lnPsf b]jLn] clxn] :jf:Yo;DaGwL Pp6f ;:+ yf vf]n]sf 5g\ . o;
;:+ yfn] g]kfnsf bu' d{ uf| dL0f e]usf hgtfsf] :jf:Yo pkrf/ ug]{ / pgLx¿sf] hLjg:t/
psf:g] p2Z] o /fvs] f] 5 . ;f]xLcg;' f/ sfo{jm| d klg ;~rfng xg' nfu]sf 5g\ . o; sfo{df
bj] Lsf ;fyLn] klg ;xofu] u/]sf 5g \ .

b]jL cfÇgf] ljut slxNo} la;+{bg} g \ . pgL gk] fn cfPsf] an] f sf7df8fd“} f ;8s hLjg
latfO/xs] f afnaflnsfnfO{ e]nf u5g{ \ . pgLx¿nfO{ vfg]s'/f, sk8f / ;/;kmfOsf ;fdu|L
af“85\ g \ . cfkm"n] klxn] ef]u]sf] b'Mv ;Dem]/ pgn] of] sfd u/s] f x'g\ . pgn] lzIffsf]
r]tgf a9fpg] sfd klg u5{g\ . k9\g gkfPsf afnaflnsfnfO{ pgn] z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yf
u/s] f 5g\ . pgL k'/fgf lbg ;Dem“bf ?g dg nfU5 eG5g \ . pgnfO{ clxn] csf{] hGd kfP
h:tf] ePsf] 5 . b]jL/fd ;8s afnsaf6 ;dfh;j] L ag]sf 5g \ .

xfdLn] klg bj] L/fdsf] h:tf] c;n afgLsf] cg;' /0f ug'k{ b5{ . c;n p2Z] on] ;dfh ;]jfsf]
efjgf lnP/ sfd ugk{' b5{ . o;f] u/d] f dfgj hLjg ;fy{s xG' 5 .

;f/f+z

dflg; sdn{ ] dxfg\ aG5 . ;fx;, cg'zf;g, wo} { / nugzLntf eP sg' } klg dflg;
dxfg\ aGg ;S5 . h:tf];'s} k|lts"n kl/l:yltnfO{ klg ;xh ¿kdf lnP/ cl3 a9\bf
nIo k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . cfÇgf] sd{df lg/Gt/ nflu kg{' rl/q lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ xf ] .
lgM:jfy{ sdd{ f nflu/xg] dflg; pbfx/0fLo aG5g \ . pgLx¿ k|/] 0ffsf ;|ft] aGg kU' 5g \ .
;dfhnfO{ c;n af6ftkm{ cl3 a9fpg ;xofu] L xG' 5g\ .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 3

cEof;

!= cfÇgf] d"Nofªs\ g cfkm}“ u/ M

-s_ d sg' } klg sfd nugzLn eP/ _
-c_ u5'{ - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ - _
-v_ d cK7o\ f/f] kl/l:yltdf lg/fz
-c_ x'G5' - _ -cf_ xG' g“ - _
-u_ dnfO{ c;n rl/q dg
-c_ k5{ - _ -cf_ kb{}g -
-3_ d 7n' f] ePkl5 ;dfh ;]jfdf
-c_ nfU5' - _ -cf_ nflUbg“ - _
-ª_ d cfkmn" ] kfPsf] bM' v ;Dem]/ c¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ k]l| /t
-c_ xG' 5' - _ -cf_ xG' g“ - _

@= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]v M

-s_ bj] L/fdsf] 3/fo;L cj:yf s:tf] lyof] <
-v_ sf7df8f}“df bj] L/fdsf] lbgrof{ s;/L laTYof] <
-u_ bj] L/fddf ;fg}bl] v s:tf] ljrf/ lyof] <
-3_ bj] L/fdsf c;n sfd / Jojxf/ s] s] x'g\ < ljj/0f tof/ kf/ .
-ª_ b]jL/fdsf] h:tf] rl/q lgdf{0f ug{ xfdLn] s] ug'{k5{ < nv]  .

#= oL sfd u/ M

-s_ ltdL cfÇgf] rl/q s:tf] xf];\ eGg] rfxG5f} < a'“bf agfO{ sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{
;'gfpm .

-v_ ljBfno / 3/ kl/jf/df s] s:tf c;n Jojxf/ kb| z{g ug{ ;lsG5 < tLg
jf rf/cf6] f ;d"x agfO{ olsg u/ / sIffdf 6f;“  .

4 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

@ wds{ f] ;femf ;f/
ckl] Ift Jojxf/

wd{sf ;femf dN" o dfGotfsf] ;"rL agfpg
wd{sf] ;femf ;f/nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{
wfld{s ;lxi0ft' f sfod ug]{ sfddf ;xof]u ug {

;To

;xofu] clx+;f
;]jf
k]|d zflGt Ifdf
bof Pstf ;Tsd{ ;lxi0ft' f
;dGjo
;be\ fj w}o{ kljqtf ;bJ\ ojxf/
k/f]ksf/ ;dfgtf

bfg

h}g wd{ axfO{
l;v lsO/:fntfd
O;fO{ lxGb' af}4

lzIf0f ;'emfj

kf7 ;?' ug'e{ Gbf klxn] cfcfÇgf] wfld{s dfGotfcg;' f/ sl/a tLg ldg6] ;Dd dfg} a:g nufO{ dfg} a:bfsf] cge' j
k:| t't ug{ nufpgx' f];\ . ljleGg 36gf, kl/j]z / kl/l:yltsf] cWoog ljZni] f0f ug{ nufO{ Toxf“ bfg, k|d] , Tofu,
Ifdf / wo} { h:tf wds{ f ;femf ;f/nfO{ pkofu] ug]{ tf}/tl/sfsf af/]df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf;]  \ . ljBfyLn{ ] bl} gs
Jojxf/df wd{sf] ;femf ;f/nfO{ Jojxf/df ptf/s] f] jf gptf/]sf] cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ / cfjZos k[i7kfi] f0f lbg'xf]; \ .

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 5

-c;Ld, kd] f, xldb / of]uG] b| Pp6} ljBfnodf k95\ g\ . nfdf] 5'66\ Lkl5 cfh pgLx¿sf]
ljBfno vn' ]sf] 5 . vfhf vfg] ;dodf pgLx¿ labfdf cfkm"n] u/s] f / bv] s] f sfdaf/]
s/' fsfgL ul//xs] f 5g\ . cfÇgf] s'/f Pscsf{nfO{ ;'gfpg pgLx¿ lgs} pT;'s 5g\ . _

c;Ld M ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5, dn} ] labfdf s] s] u/]“ eg/] <

k]df M -xf:“ b}_ ltdLn] eg]sf] eP kf] yfxf kfpg ' .

xldb M ltdL t 3'Dg uof} eGg] ;'g]sf] lyP“ <

of]uG] b| M ;g' c;Ld, ltdLn] egk] l5 xfdL klg egf}“nf . cfÇgf] cge' j atfpm g t .

c;Ld M xf,] labfsf a]nf d cfdfaa' f;“u kf]v/f, nl' DagL / ltnf/} fsf]6 3D' g uPsf] lyP“ .
ltnf}/fsf]6 t xfdf| ] bz] sf] kf| rLg slknj:t' /x5] . Toxfa“ f6 xfdL glhssf]
db;fd{ f klg ku' s] f lyof “} . Toxf“ ePsf wfld{s ljm| ofsnfkdf ;xefuL eof“} .
dn} ] xfdf| ] cfr/0f / Jojxf/df ;'wf/ ug{ wds{ f] el" dsf x'G5 eGg] s/' f l;s “] .

kd] f M d t dfdf3/ uP“ . dfdf;“u Toxfs“ f u'Daf klg uP“ . u'Dafdf nfdf u?' x¿sf]
kj| rg ;g' ]“ . k|jrgdf elgPsf s'/f lgs} 3tnfUbf lyP .

xldb M d st} klg uOg“ . t/ d lbgx'“ gdfh k9\5' . clg dfq vfgf vfG5' . d/] f] 3/df
t of] lgod kfngf ug}{ k5{ .

ofu] G] b| M d klg ;Ktfx ->Ldb\efujt\ 1fg dxfo1_ nufPsf] 7fpd“ f uP“ . Toxf“ wflds{
kj| rg klg ;'g“] . k|jrg ;g' k] l5 dn} ] c;n / cg'zfl;t xg' k|/] 0ff klg kfPsf]
5 ' .

c;Ld M ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5, wd{ egs] f] wflds{ :yndf hfg,' bzg{ ug{' dfq xfO] g /x5]  lg !

kd] f M s] /x5] t, c;Ld <

xldb M ltdLn] t uha s'/f u¥of} < k|fy{gf ug{', wflds{ k:' ts k9g\ ' klg wd{ xfO] g t <

ofu] G] b| M tL sfd klg wd;{ u“ hf]l8Psfn] wfld{s elgPsf] xfn] f t/ wd{sf] dn" s/' f] t
cs}{ 5 h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{, xf]Og t <

c;Ld M xf], ltdLx¿ ;a}sf] s/' f l7s 5 . ;a} wd{sf] dn" s'/f Pp6} /x]5 . hg' wd{n]

6 g}lts lzIff, sIff &

klg c;n cfr/0f / c;n sfo{ ug{ k|]/0ff lbg] /x5]  . xfdLn] klg oxL wfld{s
k|]/0ffcg;' f/ c;n sfo{ ugk'{ g]{ /x5]  .

kd] f M c;n sfo{ eg]sf] s] xf] t <

xldb M c;n afgL, Jojxf/ / ;a}sf] pksf/nfO{ eGg vfh] ]sf] xfO] g / <

ofu] ]Gb| M Tolt dfq xfO] g xfn] f . zflGt, ;To, bof, k]|d, clx;+ f h:tf s'/f klg xfdf|
wd{ uG| yx¿df atfOPsf 5g\ lg, xf]Og t c;Ld <

c;Ld M xf,] wd{ egs] f] wo} { ug{' xf ] . Ifdf lbg' xf ] . rf/] L / 3dG8 gug{' xf ] . dg /
z/L/nfO{ z4' kfg{' klg xf ] . ;To afN] g,' l/; gug,{' zflGt / bofsf nflu cfkm"nfO{
tof/ kfg{' g} ;a} wd{sf ;femf s/' f xg'  \ . oL u'0fsf] kfngf u//] hLjg latfpg
;s] /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] ;Gbz] xfdf| wd{ uG| yx¿n] lbPsf 5g\ h:tf] dnfO{ nfUof] .

k]df M d}n] u'Dafdf ;g' s] f] k|jrgdf klg o:t} s'/f cfPsf lyP .

xldb M xf], d}n] gdfh k9\g] 7fp“df klg o:t} s/' fnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ l;sfOG5 .

ofu] G] b| M To;f] eP t ;a} wd{sf] ;f/ Pp6} h:tf] t /x]5 lg, xf]Og t c;Ld <

c;Ld M xf], dgnfO{ ;kmf kf/L x/]s JolStn] c;n / ;a}sf] lxt xg' ] sfd ug'k{ 5{ . ;dfhdf
zflGt / ;be\ fj sfod u/L dfgj hLjgnfO{ ;'vL / ;Gtfi] fL agfpg' g} ;a} wds{ f]
;f/ xf] .

k]df M a8f] /fdf| ] s/' f u¥of } . of] t xfdL ;an} ] xfdf| hLjg / Jojxf/df ptf//] bv] fpgk' 5 { .

xldb M hg' wd{ dfg] klg cflv/df d"n s'/f oxL t xf] lg .

of]uG] b| M xf], c;Ldn] eg]sf s/' fnfO{ cfr/0f / Jojxf/df ptfg]{ xf] eg] ;;+ f/ slt zfGt,
;v' L / ;'Gb/ xG' Yof] xfn] f .

c;Ld M To;f] eP oL ;a} s/' f Jojxf/df ptfg]{ k|lt1f clxn] g} u/f“} g t . c;n sfddf
lsg l9nf ug{] <

k]df M n x'G5, u/f} “ .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 7

xldb M n n x'G5, ;a}n] u/f}“ .

of]u]Gb| M c;n sfddf ;a}sf] Pstf x'g' emg\ /fd|f] xf ] . Pstf klg wds{ f] Pp6f ;f/ g} t
xf] lg . To;}n] xfdLn] t Pscsf{sf] wd{ ;:+ sl[ tdf klg ;xefuL eO{ ldn]/ a:gd' f
g} sNof0f /x5]  . ;a} wds{ f] d"No / dfGotfnfO{ ;Ddfg ugk'{ g]{ /x5]  . of] s'/f
sIffdf c¿ ;fyL;“u klg u/f“} .

-olQsd} f vfhf vfg] ;do ;lsPsf] 3G6L aHof] . ;a} hgf cfÇgf] sIfftkm{ nfu ] ._

;f/fz+ af4} ls/ft
lx+;f gug'{, ;DklTtdf ;To afN] g,' lx;+ f gug{',
O:nfd dfx] gug',{ ;To afN] g,' nfe] gug{', se' nf] glrtfpg,'
bfg lbg', p4f/ ug{,' ;dfg c¿sf] lgGbf gug{', Ifdf k|s[ltsf] k"hf ug,'{ 5'jf5t'
Jojxf/ ug,{' c;n sfd ug,{' lbg', ;Gtf]if lng', l/; gug{', sdd{ f ljZjf; ug{'
k/fk] sf/L xg' ', gd| af]nL lgoGq0f ug{' cflb
jrg ug{' cflb cflb

axfO{ ;femf ;f/ l;v
c¿sf] ;]jf ug{,' ldn]/ a:g', k|]d ug'{
gl} ts rl/q, c;n Jojxf/, u'?elSt ug{,' sNof0f
;f“rf] afN] g,' ;bfrf/, k/fk] sf/, ;b\efj, ug'{, c;n Jojxf/
;Tsd{ ug,'{ clx+;f, zflGt, ;Tsd,{ sNof0f, k|bzg{ ug',{ hLjgnfO{
;Gtfi] f lng' cflb dn] ldnfk, Gofo, cltly ;]jf, kljq agfpg' cflb
k|f0fL lxt, dfgj ;j] f, ;dfg

Jojxf/, ;o+ d, kd]|

O;fO{ lxGb" h}g lx;+ f gug,{' kmfx] f/]
k]d| ug,'{ sNof0f ug{,' rf]/L gug,{' ;Tosf] kIf lng,' gug{' 5n sk6 gug,'{
cfzLjf{b lbg,' nfe] gug'{, wds{ f] /Iff ug,{' wo} z{ Ln xg' ',
gd| eO{ afN] g,' Ifdf lbg,' c¿nfO{ bM' v glbg', c¿sf] Tofuug'{, w}o{ ug'{,
bfg ug{' cflb ;j] f ug{,' cltlysf] ;]jf ug{,' ;To af]Ng', gd| afn] L
;f“rf] af]Ng' cflb jrg ug{' cflb

8 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

cEof; 9

!= cfÇgf] d"Nofª\sg cfkm“} u/ M

-s_ dnfO{ wds{ f] ;femf ;f/sf af/]df hfgsf/L
-c_ 5 - _ -cf_ 5}g - _
-v_ dnfO{ 3/df cfpg] cltlysf] ;]jf ug{ dg
-c_ nfU5 - _ -cf_ nfUb}g - _
-u_ d c¿sf] wd{ / ;:+ s[ltsf] ;Ddfg
-c_ u5' { - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ - _
-3_ d 3/, ;db' fo / ;dfhdf x'g] wfld{s ljm| ofsnfkdf ;xefuL
-c_ x'G5' - _ -cf_ xG' g“ - _
-ª_ d wflds{ d"No dfGotfn] l;sfPsf c;n ;f/nfO{ Jojxf/df
-c_ ptf5{' - _ -cf_ ptflb{g“ - _

@= l7s a]l7s 5'6o\ fpm M

-s_ dflg;sf] zf/Ll/s ultljlw dfq wd{ xf] .
-v_ wd{sf d"No dfGotf / xfd|f] cfr/0flar ;DaGw 5 .
-u_ hlt wd{ 5g\, ltgsf] ;f/ klg cgs] 5 .
-3_ ;a} wd{n] /fdf| ] sfd ug{] ;Gb]z lbPsf 5g \ .
-ª_ wd{ dflg;n] kfngf ugk'{ g]{ lgod xf ] .

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ dflysf] kf7df rf/ hgf ;fyL s'g ljifodf s'/fsfgL ub}{ 5g\ <
-v_ wd{sf] ;f/leq kg{] s/' fx¿ s] s] xg' \ < n]v .
-u_ ltdLnfO{ cfkm"df s'g s'/f geP x'GYof] eGg] nfU5 < n]v .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

$= wd{ s] ug]{ ljifo xf] < s'g} Ps ljifodf ts{ bp] m M

-c_ s'/fsfgL ug] {
-cf_ lgaGw n]Vg ]
-O_ Jojxf/df ptfg{]

%= o; kf7sf] ;f/f+znfO{ cg'R5]bdf nv] .
^= oL sfd u/ M

-s_ sIffdf ljleGg wd{ dfGg] ;fyLx¿ eP pgLx¿;u“ c;n afgL Jojxf/af/] 5nkmn
u/ . geP ltdf| ] 3/, 6f]n / l5ds] df a;f]af; ug]{ ljleGg wdfj{ nDaL;u“ ;f]
wL xfdLn] ug]k{} g]{ c;n Jojxf/x¿ l6kf6] s] s] 5g\ u/ / sIffdf ;'gfpm .

-v_ of] kf7 kl9;s]kl5 ltdLn] cfÇgf] Jojxf/df s] s] ;w' f/ ugk'{ g{] 7fGof} < l6kf6]
u/ / cfÇgf] ;fyLnfO{ atfpm .

-u_ s'g} wflds{ tyf ;f:+ s[lts sfo{jm| ddf ;xefuL x'“bf To;af6 l;Sg ;lsg] s/' f
s] xg' ;S5g\ < ;fyLx¿lar 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ lgsfn .

&= ltdf| ] kl/jf/, ;db' fo tyf ;dfhdf dN" o dfGotfsf gfddf /fdf| / g/fdf|
bj' } rng x'g ;S5g\ . To:tf rngx¿ ;f]wvf]h u/L n]v M

*= g]kfndf sg' s'g wd{ dflgG5 < ;fyLx¿lar 5nkmn u/L nv] / lzIfsnfO{
bv] fpm .

10 g}lts lzIff, sIff &

# ;a} ldnf“}

ckl] Ift Jojxf/

kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf ;Gtn' g Pjd\ ;dGjo sfod /fVg
JolSt JolStlar eb] efj gug{
;ak} l| t pbf/ / ;xgzLn Jojxf/ b]vfpg
kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] lxt x'g] sfd ug{
;Eo ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xofu] ug{
;dGjok0" f{ ;dfhsf kmfObf eGg / tbg¿' k cfr/0f b]vfpg

lgzf / ljefsf] 3/ /f}tx6 lhNnfsf] Pp6f ufp“df k5 { . pgLx¿ c;fWo} ldNg] ;fyL xg'  \ .
pgLx¿ ;fgb} l] v Pp6} sIffdf k95\ g \ . jflifs{ k/LIffdf pgLx¿ slxn] klxnf / slxn] bf];|f
x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] k9fO / dn] ldnfk b]v/] ;a}n] kz| ;+ f u5{g\ .

cfh labfsf] lbg k/]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ ljBfnosf] rf/} df lgs} a]/ v]n ] . pgLx¿nfO{ ltvf{

lzIf0f ;e' mfj

dflg;nfO{ kl/jf/ / ;dfhaf6 leGg agfpg] sf/s tŒjx¿ atfO{ ltgsf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu ckgfpgk' g{] pkfox¿sf]
;"rL agfpg nufpgx' f];\ .
;Gt'lnt / ;dGjok"0f{ ;dfhsf kmfObfx¿af/] sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;] \ .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 11

nfUof ] . pgLx¿ lgzfsf] 3/ cfP . lgzfsL cfdfn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;jt{ vfg lbge' of ] . pgLx¿n]
;jt{ ld7f] xg' fsf] sf/0f cfdfnfO{ ;fw]  ] . cfdfn] kfgL, u'lnof] cflb ldnfPkl5 ;jt{ ld7f]
x'g] s/' f atfpge' of] . cfdfn] ;a} If]qdf ;Gt'ng ldnfpg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]vfpgsf nflu
dfq ;j{tsf] pbfx/0f lbge' Psf] lyof ] .

pxfn“ ] xfdL a:g] 3/, kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf klg ;Gt'ngsf] cfjZostf bv] fpge' of] . cfdfn]
eg] h:t} xfdf| ] 3/ kl/jf/b]lv ljZj;Dd ;a} s/' fsf] ;Gt'ng / ;dGjo cfjZos 5 . ;a}
wd,{ ;:+ sl[ t, ljrf/, hflt, ju,{ lnªu\ / Joj;fosf] ;dGjoaf6 ;db' fobl] v /fi6« xb“' } ljZj;dt]
/fdf| ] x'G5 . ljZj /fdf| ] eP xfdL ;a} dflg;sf] lxt xG' 5 . xfdLnfO{ 3/ kl/jf/df a:g /
Jojxf/ ug{ kl/jf/ tyf ;dfh klg ;Gt'lnt rflxG5 . ;a}sf] ;dGjon] xfd|f] ;d'bfo ;G' b/
/ ;'dw/' x'G5 . ;b\efj, d]n, ;xof]u / Pstfsf] ;dGjo ePsf] 3/, kl/jf/ / ;dfhn]
xfdLnfO{ zfGt / cfglGbt agfp5“ g \ . ;db' fodf s'g} s'/fsf lar ;dGjo ePg eg] Toxf“
zflGt / cfgGb b'j} x/fp“5g\ . ;a} ;fdflhs tŒjsf] ;dGjon] ;dfh ;Eo / a:g nfos
xG' 5 . xfdLn] k/f]ksf/, bof, pbf/tf, ;xgzLntf h:tf /fd|f dfgjLo u'0fx¿sf] ljsf;
u¥of}“, ;dfhnfO{ ke| fj kfg]{ ;a} tŒjsf] ;dGjo ug{ ;Sof“} eg] xfd|} kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6«
:ju;{ l/ x'G5g\ . To;kl5 kfOg] ;'v / zflGtsf] tn' gf g} ug{ ;lsb“ }g .

cfdfsf] s/' faf6 lgzf / ljef cToGt ke| fljt eP . pgLx¿n] ;a} dflg;n] /fdf| ] ;fR] bf,
/fdf| ] afN] bf / /fdf| ] ubf{ ;a}lt/ ;Gt'ng sfod x'g] /x]5 eGg] s/' f ae' m ] . cfÇgf] h:t} c¿sf]
klg lxt xf;] \ eg/] sfd ubf{ hLjgdf ;Gtn' g Nofpg ;lsg] /x]5 eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ nfUof ] .
z/L/ :j:y /fVg xfdL vfgs] /' fsf] ;Gt'ng rfxG5f}“ . JolStut hLjg / ;dfhnfO{ ;Gt'lnt
/fVg klg sx] L tŒjsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . ;b\efj, dn] ldnfk, zflGt, k/f]ksf/, bof, pbf/
tf, wo} {, ;xofu] h:tf tŒjn] g} JolSt / ;dfhnfO{ ;Gtl' nt agfO/fV5 . lgzf / ljefn]
cfh oxL s/' f l;s] . cfkm"n] l;s]sf s'/f pgLx¿nfO{ /fd|f] nfUof ] . pgLx¿nfO{ of] s'/f
ljBfnosf ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg eGg dg nfUof] . cfdfn] klg /fdf| s/' f ;'gfpg / c;n sfd
ug{ l9nf gug"{ eGg] ;Nnfx lbg'eof ] .

;f/fz+

;Eo / ;v' L kl/jf/ Pjd\ ;dfhsf nflu ;b\efj, dn] , zflGt, k/f]ksf/, bof, pbf/tf
h:tf s]xL cfwf/e"t tŒjsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To:tf tŒjsf] ;Gt'ng / ;dGjoaf6 kl/
jf/ / ;dfhsf] lxt Pjd\ pGglt x'G5 . kT| os] dflg; / ;dfh Pscsf{;u“ leGg leGg
5g\ . leGgtfsf] dfqf a9b\ f JolSt / ;dfhdf bM' v tyf czflGt klg a95\  . leGgtfsf]

12 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

dfqf / b/' LnfO{ 36fP/ ltgsf lar ;dGjo :yflkt ubf{ JolSt, kl/jf/ / ;dfh :jR5
Pjd\ ;Eo xG' 5g\ . Pp6f dflg;n] csf]{ dflg;nfO{ dfgjLo Jojxf/ ubf{ ;dfhsf] ljsf;
xG' 5 . o;af6 /fi6« / ljZjnfO{ ;d]t kl/jt{g ug{ ;xof]u k'U5 .

cEof;

!= cfÇgf] d"Nofªs\ g cfk}m“ u/ M

-s_ d ;dfhsf ;a} dflg;nfO{

-c_ e]befj u5{' - _ -cf_ ;dfg Jojxf/ u5{' - _
_
-v_ d ;dfhsf ;a} wd{ ;+:s[lt / hfthfltsf dN" o dfGotfsf] _
_
-c_ ;Ddfg u5{' - _ -cf_ x]nf u5{' - _

-u_ d ;dfhdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] sfd ug{

-c_ dg k/fp5“ ' - _ -cf_ dg k/fp“lbg -

-3_ d ;a} dflg;nfO{ ;dfg dN" o dfGotf ePsf ;xofqLsf ¿kdf Jojxf/

-c_ u5{' - _ -cf_ ulb{g“ -

-ª_ d /fdf| ] s'/fsf] cg';/0f u5{' / c¿nfO{ klg o;sf nflu k|fT] ;flxt

-c_ u5'{ - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ -

@= lgDg lnlvt kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ ;a} dflg;sf] lxt s;/L x'G5 <
-v_ lgzf / ljefn] ae' m]sf] s/' f s] xf] <
-u_ s:tf] 3/ kl/jf/df cfgGb kfOG5 <

#= ‘;fdflhs ;dGjo’ zLif{sdf bz jfSosf] Ps cgR' 5b] n]v .

$= oL sfd u/ M

-s_ sIffsf ;fyLx¿ bO' { ;d"x ag/] a; . Pp6f ;d"xn] JolSt / ;dfhdf leGgtf Nofpg]

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 13

tŒjx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm . csf{] ;dx" n] ltgLx¿nfO{ ;dfhdf ;Gtn' g ug{ ckgfpgk' g]{
pkfox¿ a“'bfut ¿kdf nv]  .
-v_ ltdf| ] ;dfhdf ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ko| f; ug]{ s'g} dflg; 5g\ ls < To:tf dflg;sf]
vfh] L u/L pgn] u/]sf sfdx¿sf] ljj/0f tof/ kf/ / sIffdf k|:t't u/ .
-u_ tnsf] 36gf cWoog u/ / cfÇgf] ;dfh;u“ ldNg] s/' fx¿ s] s] xg' \ < l6kf6] u/ M

;'wf ;w“} :s'n cfp“l5g \ . pgL ux[ sfo{ klg /fd|/L ul5{g\ . pgL cgz' fl;t l5g \ .
pgsf] 3/df klg zfGt jftfj/0f 5 . 6fn] l5ds] sf dflg; ;f/} ldn]/ a;]sf 5g \ .
Toxf“ ljleGg wd,{ hft, ju{ / ljleGg cj:yfsf dflg; eP klg ;an} ] ;a}sf] ;Ddfg
u5g{ \ . Pscsfd{ f ;xofu] u5g{ \ . ;fgf]7n' f] eGg] eb] efj 5g}  . ;w' fsf] ufp“nfO{ kNnf
ufpn“ ]x¿ df/} Lsf] 3f/ h:tf] ldn]sf] eg/] s'/f u5{g\ . pgLx¿sf] ufp“df hfg ;a}
pT;s' xG' 5g\ .  

14 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

@PsfO dfgjLo d"No / dfGotf

l;sfO pknlAw 15

rl/q ljsf;sf ljleGg gd'gfx¿ k|:t't ug{ / ;fc] g;' f/ Jojxf/df cg;' /0f ug{
dfgjLo cfr/0fsf ;DaGwdf wds{ f ;femf ;f/ atfpg / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{
wflds{ Pjd\ ;fdflhs cfr/0flar ;dGjo ug {

gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

! ;xofu] L efjgf

ljBfnodf hf8f] labf ;?' xg' Ps bO' { lbg afs“ L lyof ] . lzIfsn] labfdf bO' { lbgsf nflu
lrtjgsf] ;f/} fxf hfg] s/' f uge{' of ] . pxfn“ ] o; ljifodf cleefjs;u“ ;Nnfx u//] tof/ xg'
klg eGge' of ] . sIffsf ;a} ;fyL pT;flxt eP . lzIfs;u“ 3D' g hfg kfOg] eof] eg/] d klg
v;' L eP “ . 3/df xh/' aa' fn] cfkm" 3/af6 dlxgf;“} Dd 6f9f 6f9f uPsf] s'/f ;g' fpgx' G' Yof ] .
tL s'/fn] dnfO{ gb]v]sf] / guPsf] 7fpd“ f k'Ug xf;} nf ldNYof ] . lrtjgsf] ;f/} fxfsf ljifodf
dn} ] cln cln ;'g]sf] lyP “ . k|ToIf 3D' g kfOg] s/' fn] d emg} pT;flxt eP “ .

sIff ;ftsf lt; hgf ;fyL 3D' g hfgsf nflu tof/ eP/ ljBfnosf] k|fªu\ 0fdf hDdf eof“} .
lzIfsn] a;sf] Joj:yf ug{e' Psf] lyof] . xfdL ;an} ] Pp6f Pp6f emfn] f afs] ]sf lyof“} .
xfd|f nflu glaug| ] vfgs] /' f / vfhf klg tof/ kfl/Psf] /x]5 . xfdL ;a}n] ldn/] ltgnfO{
a;leq /fVof “} . kf| ylds pkrf/sf nflu cf}ifwLsf] klg Joj:yf ul/Psf] /x]5 . lzIfssf]
;'ema'em bv] /] d 9S' s eP“ .

laxfg cf7 ahl] t/ xfdL ;f/} fxfsf nflu lx“8o\ f }“ . af6fsf] bj' }lt/ xl/of] hªu\ n bl] vGYof] .
?v /fk] ]/ xfdf| ] ufp“3/nfO{ klg o:t} agfpg kfP slt /fd|f] x'GYof] eGg] nfUof] . af6fdf 7fp“
7fp“df ;ªn\ f] kfgL ePsf vfn] f klg el] 6P . ;/' Iff ug]{ / kmfx] f]/ gug{] xf] eg] xfd|f ufp“sf]
sd/] ] vf]nf] klg o:t} x“'bf] xf] h:tf] nfUof ] . xfdf| ] a; Psl5g /f]lsof] . lzIfsn] xfdLnfO{
vfhf vfg lbg'eof] . 5]psf] vfn] flt/ 8'nfpg klg n}hfg'eof] . vfn] fdf ljleGg y/L df5f
lyP . ;ª\nf] kfgLdf cfx] f/] bfx] f/] ul//xs] f df5fsf] b[Zo lgs} /fdf| ] lyof ] . xl/of] hªu\ nsf
laraf6 au]/ cfPsf] ;kmf vf]nfdf y/L y/L df5f bV] bf ToxL“ al;/x'“ h:tf] eof] .

lzIf0f ;'emfj

ljBfno / ljBfyLs{ f] kxr“' leqsf] :yfgLo :t/sf] sg' } dxŒjk0" f{ :yfgsf] ed| 0f u/fO{ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ Toxfa“ f6
l;ss] f ;fdflhs dN" o dfGotf eGg nufpgx' f;]  \ .
sIffdf ljleGg kl/jz] , cj:yf / k[i7el" dsf ljBfyL{ xg' ;S5g\ . ltgLx¿sf ;dfh / ;db' fodf
s] s:tf d"No dfGotf 5g\ < ;r" L agfpg nufO{ sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpgx' f;]  \ .

16 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

vfhf vfP/ lx8“ s] f] emG8} bO' { 306fkl5 xfdf| ] a; kml] / /fl] sof ] . vfgf vfg] an] f ePsf] /x5]  .
lzIfsn] a; Ps 306f /fl] sg] hfgsf/L lbge' of ] . Psflt/ kxf8 / csf{lt/ dw]; ;?'
ePsf] of] 7fp“ klg lgs} /fdf| ] /x]5 . xfdLn] vfgf vfof}“ / Psl5g cf/fd u¥of“ } . Toxf“ ef]
lnkN6 xg' ] ;fdflhs / ;f:+ s[lts sfo{sf nflu :jod\ ;]jsx¿n] dlGb/ / af6fsf] ;/;kmfO
ul//x]sf] s/' f bV] of}“ . xfdLn] klg a; glx“8G' hn] lzIfs;“u} :jod\ ;j] snfO{ ;3fof“} .
:yfgLo afl;Gbfn] ofqfdf lx8“ s] f s]6fs]6Ln] klg ;dosf] ;bk' ofu] ub}{ ;xofu] u/]sf] eg]/
xfdLnfO{ wGojfb lbP .

xfd|f] a; ck/fxg\ rf/ ah]lt/ ;f/} fxf
glhs}sf] cltly ;bgdf ku' ]/ /f]lsof] .
xfdLnfO{ a:g] Joj:yf ToxL“ ul/
Psf] /x]5 . xfdLn] a]n'sfsf] vfgf
vfof}“ . Psl5g lbp“;f]sf] ofqf Pjd\
ultljlwaf/] s'/fsfgL u¥of}“ / ef]ln
;f}/fxf 3'Dg] ofh] gf agfpb“ } ;'Tof“} .

efl] nkN6 lzIfss} ;Nnfx / gt] T[ jdf xfdL
;f}/fxfsf] k|j]zåf/df k'Uof}“ . Toxf“
ljleGg k];f, Joj;fo, pd]/, cj:yf,
?lr / vfgkfg ePsf dflg; lyP .
ljbz] L ko6{ s klg kz| :t lyP . pgLx¿n]
nufpg] kf];fs klg cg]s y/L lyof ] . ;a} ks| f/sf dflg;nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ;Sg] ;f/} fxf
dnfO{ ;fR“ r} /fd|f] nfUof ] . xfdL kfn}kfnf] ljleGg 7fp“df 3'Dg yfNof}“ .

ko{6sLo gu/L ;f/} fxf jl/kl/ 7'nf] hª\unn] 3l] /Psf] /x5] . Toxf“ w/] } y/Lsf af6] la?jf /
cg]s hftsf r/fx¿ kfOb“ f /x]5g\ . xfdL Toxf“ k'Ubf y/L y/Lsf r/fr?' ª\uLsf] cfjfhn]
jftfj/0f /dfOnf] ags] f] lyof ] . sf]xL dflg; xfQLdf r9/] hªu\ n 3'ld/xs] f lyP . cln
k/ u“}8f lyof] . vfnL rf}/df du[ sf] ayfg rl//xs] f] lyof ] . jg hªu\ n, af6] , jg:klt /
hgfj/sf] hd36n] ;f/} fxfsf] jftfj/0f lgs} /fdf| ] b]lvGYof ] . ;a}n] k|of; ug{] xf] eg] xfdf|
ufp“3/ klg o:t} :jR5 / zfGt agfpg ;lsg] s/' f lzIfsn] ug'e{ of ] . 7fp“ 7fps“ f ;fgf
vf]nf / bxn] jgnfO{ cem /l;nf] agfPsf lyP .

lbgel/ 3'd]/ ck/fx\glt/ xfdL cfkm\ gf] af;:yfglt/ kmSof}{“ . af6fdf vt] sf 7n' f kmf“6
b]lvP . Toxf“ dflg;x¿ wfg leœofpb“ } lyP . ;an} fO{ cfcfk\mgf] sfd tf]lsPsf] lyof ] .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 17

sfx] L wfgsf d7' f Nofp“y] / sfx] L To;nfO{ emfl//x]sf lyP . csf{y/L dflg; wfg af/] fdf
xfNb} lyP . csf{] ;d"x To;nfO{ afs] /] 3/lt/ nlu/x]sf] lyof] . Psy/L dflg; k/fnsf]
ef/L agfpy“ ] / sf]xL rflx“ af]s]/ nUb} lyP . ;a}n] cfcfkm\ gf] sfdnfO{ ;dfg dxTTj lbPsf]
b]lvGYof] . vfhf vfg] / wfg leœofpg] sfd cfnf]kfnf] u//] eO/xs] f] lyof] .

xfdLnfO{ ltvf{ nflu/xs] f] lyof] . glhs} vfg]kfgL ePsf] 7fp“ xfdLnfO{ yfxf lyPg . xfdf|
lzIfsn] wfg af]/fdf xfNb} u/s] f Ps hgf dflg;nfO{ o;af/] ;f]Wge' of] . pgn] sx] L k/ uP/
Psl5gkl5 Ps ufuL| vfg]kfgL NofOlbP . Tof] an] f;Dd xfdL ;a}n] wfg af]/fdf xflnlbof}“
/ pgsf] sfdnfO{ ;3fof} “ . kfgL vfO;s]kl5 xfdL ;an} ] pgnfO{ wGojfb lbof “} . pgn] klg
xfdLnfO{ /fd|f s]6fs]6L eg/] w/] } wGojfb lbP . lzIfsn] o:t} kf/:kl/s ;xofu] n] sg' } klg
sfd k"/f x'g] s'/f ug{'eof ] .

csf]{ lbg xfdL af6fsf ;G' b/ b[Zox¿ xb] }{ 3/ kmSof {“} . cfhefl] n dnfO{ k9g\ fsf ;fy;fy}
/fd|f 7fp“ 3d' ]/ ljleGg dflg;nfO{ e]6/] klg 1fg kfO“bf] /x5] eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . dfgjLo d"No
;dfhdf lsg]/ xfO] g, cfkm}“n] l;h{gf u/]/ a9fpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; a9b\ } uPsf] 5 .

;f/fz+

sg' } klg sfd ubf{ ljZjf;kj" s{ ul/G5 . ;Tosf] kIf lnOG5 . k/:k/ :gx] / ;be\ fj
/flvG5 . Ps csfs{ f] x/] ljrf/ ul/G5 . ;a}nfO{ cj;/, ;]jf / ;'ljwf lbOG5 .
zflGtk0" f{ ¿kdf sfd ul/G5 . cfcfkm\ gf] lhDdj] f/L dxŒjsf ;fy jxg ul/G5 . Gofok0" f{
tl/sfn] ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ul/G5 . ;fdflhs dN" o egs] } ;fdflhs Jojxf/x¿
xg'  \ . o:tf Jojxf/sf] ljsf; ug{ xfdLnfO{ o; kf7n] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .

18 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

cEof;

!= cfk\mgf] d"Nofª\sg cfk}m“ u/ M

-s_ ;fdflhs sfddf d/] f] cle?lr

-c_ 5 - _ -cf_ 5g} -_

-v_ ;fdflhs sfddf d ;ljm| o ;xefuL

-c_ xG' 5' - _ -cf_ x'Gg“ -_
-u_ d ;a} dflg; / k|f0fLk|lt ;b\efj

-c_ /fV5' - _ -cf_ /flVbg“ - _

-3_ d}n] jftfj/0f ;/+ If0fdf Wofg lbPsf]

-c_ 5' - _ -cf_ 5}g -_

-ª_ d Pscfk;df ;xofu] sf] cfbfg k|bfg

-c_ u5{' - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ -_

@= tnsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ nv] M

-s_ s] ubf{ vf]nfdf ;ª\nf] kfgL aU5 <

-v_ o; kf7af6 ltdLn] ss] :tf ;fdflhs dfgjLo d"No l;Sof} <

-u_ ufp“ 3/nfO{ :j:y / zfGt kfg{ s] ugk'{ g{] /x5] <

-3_ wfg leœofpg] sfd s;/L x“'b} lyof] <

-ª_ dfgjLo dN" o s;/L a9fpg ;lsG5 <

#= oL sfd u/ M

-s_ ltd|f] ;dfhdf s] s:tf ;fdflhs d"No dfGotf 5g\ < pNn]v u/ .

-v_ ltdLnfO{ ;xefuL xg' dg nfUg] kfr“ cf6] f ;fdflhs sfd n]v .

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 19

-u_ tn lbOPsf sfdx¿sf] ;r" L k9 / ;fdflhs d"No a9fpg] sfdnfO{ Pp6f ;r" Ldf
/ 36fpg] sfdnfO{ csf]{ ;"rLdf n]v M

>dbfg ug{', em}emu8f ug',{ ;be\ fjsf] kb| z{g ug{,' 3dG8 ug{', jI[ f/f]k0f, wf/fdf
kmfx] f/] ug,'{ kn' agfpg,' sn' f] n8fpg,' cfnfk] fnf] sfd ug'{, cfkm" dfq kmfObf lng',
af6f] cfu] 6\g', ;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug',{ alx/f JolSt;u“ ;fª\s]lts efiffdf s/' f ug'{

;fdflhs d"No a9fpg] sfd ;fdflhs dN" o 36fpg] sfd

============================== =================================

-3_ ltd|f] ljBfnodf s] s:tf lj|mofsnfkaf6 ;fdflhs dN" o a9fpg ;lsG5 < ; f y L ,
lzIfs ljBfyL{n] 5nkmn u/L ljj/0f tof/ kf/ / sIff sf7] fdf 6f“; .

20 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

@ sfd y/L y/Lsf
ck]lIft Jojxf/

>d ug]{ afgL a;fNg
>dsf] ;Ddfg ug{
k];f, Joj;fodf bIftf / Odfgbf/L k:| tt' ug{
:yfgLo / dfl} ns k;] f, Joj;fosf] ;/+ If0fdf nfUg 

cfk;L ;xofu]

nugzLntf

;xfge' "lt nIodf
kl| ta4tf
;dosf]
kfngf

sfddf sfddf Pstf
:jtGqtf
c¿sf]
;fdflhs Gofo clwsf/sf]
/ ;dfgtf
sb/
;'/Iff
sfdsf]
;xeflutf ;Ddfg
pT;fx

lzIf0f ;'emfj

ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf s] s:tf Joj;fo ug]{ dflg; 5g\ egL ;fW] g'xf;] \ . ;dfhsf c¿
dflg;x¿n] ljleGg Joj;fodf nfu]sf tL dflg;x¿;“u s:tf] Jojxf/ ub{} cfPsf 5g\ eGga] f/] cfk;df 5nkmn
u/fpg'xf];\ . ljBfyLx{ ¿n] s'g s'g k];f tyf Joj;fosf dflg;sf] ;xof]u lnO/xs] f 5g\ < eGg nufO{ eljiodf
;xofu] lngk' g]{ Joj;fosf af/]df k[i7kf]if0f kb| fg ug'x{ f];\ .
cfk\mgf cleefjs s'g sg' k];fdf 5g\ egL ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ eGg nufpg'xf];\ / ;a}eGbf a9L cleefjs sg' k;] fdf
b]vf k/] < To;sf] sf/0faf/] cfk;df 5nkmn klg u/fpgx' f;]  \ .

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 21

cfh laxfg kf“r ah] lgbf| v'Nof] . af6fdf dflg;x¿ lx8“ ]sf] cfjfh cfO/xs] f] lyof] .
cfdfnfO{ ;f4] f afnfrt'bz{ L ePsfn] dflg;sf] rxnkxn ePsf] yfxf eof ] . lxhf] zlgaf/
ljBfnodf labf ePsfn] lbgel/ af/Ldf sfd ul/of] . ;a};“u ldn]/ sfd ubf{ /dfOnf] x'“bf]
/x]5 . ;ss] f] sfd ubf{ cfgGb klg x'“bf] /x]5 . ;ss] f] sfd cfkm}“ ug{'k5{ eg/] 7n' f dflg;n]
egs] f] s/' f l7s} /x5]  . klxn] klxn] dnfO{ k9n] ]vs] f dflg;n] v]taf/Lsf] sfd ug'x{ '“b}g eGg]
ljrf/ cfpY“ of] . d]/f] ljrf/ k"0f¿{ kdf unt /x5]  . km';{bdf v]taf/Ldf sfd ubf{ ;dosf]
;b'kofu] xg' ] /x5]  . 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ sfddf ;xofu] xg' ] /x5]  . kl/>d ug{] afgLsf] ljsf; xg' ]
/x5] . k9g\ fn] dfgl;s / sfd ugfn{ ] zf/Ll/s ljsf; x'“bf] /x5] . sfddf l;k / Odfgbf/L
k|d'v s/' f /x5] g\ .

kNnf3/] emªs\ nfn bfO w]/} kl/>d ugx{' 'G5 . laxfgel/ 3f“; sf6\gx' 'G5, ufO{ b'xg' x' G5,
uf]a/ ;fx] f]gx'{ G' 5 . lbp“;f] ufO{afvf| r/fpg klg n}hfgx' G' 5 . an] 'sf klg plTts} v6g\ x' G' 5 .
cl:t pxf“n] ufO{nfO{ 3f;“ xfNg eg/] 5f]/fnfO{ c/fpg'eof ] . 5f/] fn] uf]a/ ugfp5“ /
z/L/df nfU5 eg]/ pxfs“ f] s'/f dfGb} dfg]g . pm o:tf] kmfx] f]/L sfd lsg u/]sf] eg/] bfOnfO{
;f]lw/xG5 . Tof] sfd gu/] v]tLkftL s;/L ug{] < b'w geP s] vfg] < dn geP cGg pTkfbg
s;/L ug]{ < cGg geP xfdL s;/L af“Rg] < dnfO{ t emªs\ nfn bfOsf] >d, nugzLntf /
Ifdtf bv] ]/ oxL sfd kl/:st[ ¿kdf l;k, bIftf / Odfgbf/L ;fy u/f“} ls h:tf] nfU5 .

22 g}lts lzIff, sIff &

laxfg u/} f3/] afan' fn bfO cfpge' of ] . kfx] f/] ;fn xfdf| ] 3/ pxfn“ ] g} agfOlbg'ePsf] xf ] .
pxf“n] hfg]sf] / u/s] f] sfd xfdL ug{ ;Sbg} f “} . k|To]s dflg;sf] l;k / bIftfsf] cfbfg k|bfgn]
g} xfd|f] ;dfh rn]sf] /x]5 . ;a} dflg;n] Pp6} dfq sfd ug{] xf] eg] xfdL ;dfhdf a:g}
;Sbg} f “} . jf:tjdf ;as} f] leGgfleGg} l;k / bIftfn] g} ;dfhsf dflg;nfO{ nfe ku' s] f] /x5]  .

lbp“;f] ljBfno kf];fs lng ylkgL lbbLsf] k;ndf uP“ . lbbLn] slt /fd|f] kf];fs
l;nfOlbge' P5 . pxfs“ f] k;ndf y'k}| dflg; sk8f l;nfpg cfp5“ g \ . ylkgL lbbLsf]
sfdnfO{ ;a}n] ;Ddfg u5g{ \ . cfkm\ gf] sfdn] pxf“sf] klg ;Ddfg ePsf] 5 . pxf“sf]
k;ndf pBfu] af6 ;f]em} sk8f klg cfp5“ g\ . To;nfO{ sfdbf/x¿n] ldnfP/ uf]bfddf /
fV5g \ . cfjZostfcg;' f/ ylkgL lbbL ljleGg ks| f/sf sk8f tof/ kfgx'{ G' 5 . o;/L xfdf| ]
;dfhdf pBfu] , >lds, ;r" Lsf/ / uf| xssf] lardf cleGg ;DaGw 5 . xfdf| ] ;dfhsf ljleGg
k];f / Joj;fon] xfdLnfO{ k/:k/ ;xof]u u/s] f 5g \ . oL ;a} sfdkl| t xfdLn] ;Ddfg /
;xof]u ug{'kg{] /x5]  .

an] s' L kv aa' fnfO{ e6] g\ /ft8f8“ fsf ;Gtdfg bfO cfpge' of ] . pxf“ 8fs] f] aG' g] sfd ugx{' G' 5 .
ufp“n] hLjgsf nflu 8fs] f] cfjZos j:t' xf ] . ;fdfg af]Sgsf nflu o;n] lgs} dbt u5{ .
8fs] f] geP ef/L af]s/] hLljsf ug{] dflg;nfO{ sl7g xG' 5 . Toltdfq xfO] g, bu' {d 7fpd“ f
la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfn nh} fg'k¥of] eg] 8f]sfd} afs] ]/ nluG5 . sltko dflg;n] 8f]sf] a'Gg]
sfddf Wofg g} lbPsf x“'b}gg \ . t/ o;sf] dxŒj s;n] a'emg\ ] <

lbndfof lbbLsf] 3/df /f8L / unr“} f aG' g] sfd xG' 5 . 6f9fb]lv dflg;x¿ oL lrh lsGg
pxf“sxf“ cfp5“ g \ . lbndfof lbbLsf 3/sf /f8L, un}r“ f ;an} ] kz| +;f u5g{ \ . kl/>d
u/]/ /fd|/L aG' g] / plrt efpdf lajm| L ug{] ePsfn] oL ;fdfgn] ;as} f] dg lht]sf 5g\ .
lbndfof lbbLn] sdfpg] dfq p2Z] o g/fvL ;j] f efjgfn] klg sfd ug{'x'G5 . pxf“nfO{ klg
;an} ] ;Ddfg u5{g \ . ;a}n] dg k/fp5“ g \ . ufp“ 3/sf o:tf sfdnfO{ Wofg lbP/ ljsf;
ug{ ;s] ;dfhsf ;a} ju{sf] lxt xg' ] lyof ] . xfdf| :yfgLo l;k / hf“u/af6 pTkflbt j:t'sf]
ahf/ agfpg ;s] xfdL ;a} ;DkGg x'g] lyof }“ .

;T' g] an] f xg' nflu;Sof ] . d]/f dgdf ljleGg dflg;sf] ;Demgf cfO/x]sf] 5 . bO' { dlxgf
klxn] xfdL ;a} ufp“n] ldn]/ ;g' sf;] Lsf] lsgf/df jgefh] sf nflu uPsf lyof}“ . xfdL a;
l/he{ u/]/ Toxf“ uPsf lyof“ } . xfdL ;a} hgf l7s ;dodf Toxf“ kU' of }“ . rfnsn] uf8L /fd/| L
rnfPsf] x'gfn] xfdL Toxf“ kU' of“ } . rfnssf] lhDd]jf/L uxg xg' ] /x]5 . w]/} dflg;sf] hLjg

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 23

/Iff;u“ uf“l;Psf] ;jf/L rnfpg] sfd klg sd xfO] g eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . dflg;nfO{ eg]
sf] 7fp“df ;'/lIft / ;l' jwfhgs ¿kdf k¥' ofOlbg] rfnssf] k];f klg plQs} dxŒjk0" f{ /x5]  .

;'gsf];Ldf Ps hgf dflg; 8ª' \ufåf/f a6j' fx¿nfO{ gbL tfb{} lyP . a6j' fx¿nfO{ ljZjf;df
lnP/ Tolt ;fgf] 8ª' \ufdf 7'nf] gbL kf/ u/fpg' rfgr'g] s/' f lyPg . k;} f / OR5f eP/
dfq ;a} sfd k/" f x'“b}gg\ eGg] lzIff dnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . Tof] b]v/] lxhf]cfh d k|Tos]
dflg; Pp6f g Pp6f l;k / Ifdtfn] k"0f{ x'G5 eGg] lgisifd{ f k'u]sf] 5 ' . To;sf nflu pm
;Ddfg ug{ nfos 5 eGg] d]/f] 7x/ 5 .

sg' } klg sfd cfkm“}df ;fgf] jf 7'nf] xg' ] xfO] g . kmf]xf]/sf] Joj:yfkg ugb]{ l] v rGbd| fdf
k'Ug];Dd ;a} sfd cfcfk\mgf 7fp“df d"Nojfg\ 5g\ . sfx] L d"lt{ agfP/ dflg;nfO{ cfslif{t
ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . s;}n] lxdfn cf/f]x0f u/]/ ljZjdf gfd sdfPsf 5g\ . s;}n]
hflu/df Odfgbf/L bv] fP/ OHht sdfPsf 5g \ . 3/ kl/jf/ / ;dfh tyf ;db' fosf] cj:yf /
kl/jz] tyf cfkm\ gf] ?lr / OR5fcg;' f/ dflg;n] ljleGg k];f c“ufNg ;S5g \ . k];f cfkmd}“ f
;fgf] tyf 7'nf] xb'“ }g . Jojxf/, cfr/0f / nugzLntfaf6 k;] f ;fgf] 7n' f] xG' 5 . dflg;
cfk\mg} sdn{ ] ;fgf] jf 7'nf] x'g] xf] . ;dfh ;a} lsl;dsf k;] f / Joj;fosf] dfWodaf6
;~rflnt xG' 5 . d klg t k9fO tyf nv] fO u/]/ olt n]Vg ;Sg] ePsf] x“' lg ! ;dfhnfO{
ultzLn agfO/fVg d]/f] klg cfjZostf 5 . xfdL h] u5f+{} To;nfO{ l7s;u“ u/f }“ . cfkm"n]
u/]sf] ;xL sfddf uj{ / c¿n] u/]sf] ;xL sfdsf] ;Ddfg ug{ l;sf “} . o;af6 xfdLnfO{
;Gtl' i6 ldN5 . ;dfhdf zflGt / ;b\efjsf] cj:yf l;h{gf xG' 5 .

;f/fz+

dfgj ;dfh ljljwtfsf] ;dli6 ¿k xf ] . oxf“ ljleGg ljrf/, Jojxf/ zf/Ll/s cj:yf
/ k;] f tyf Joj;fo xG' 5g \ . k;] f, Joj;fosf] ljljwtfn] g} dflg;sf cfjZostf k/" f
x'g ;S5g\ . hg' ;'s} k;] f Joj;fo u/] klg bIftf, Odfgbf/L / pQ/bfloTjn] dflg;
;Ddfgsf] kfq aG5 . sg' } k;] f lnPs} e/df p;sf] ;Ddfg jf pk]Iff x'g] xfO] g .
:yfgLo k;] f tyf Joj;fonfO{ ;Ddfg / kf| T] ;fxg ug{ ;s] ;dfhdf ;as} f] enf] xG' 5 .
k/Dk/fut k;] fnfO{ ;/+ If0f u/] /fi6«sf] lxt x'G5 . k];fut dfgjLo d"Nosf] ;'/Iff
ug{] of] Pp6f dn" cfwf/ klg xf] .

24 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

cEof;

!= cfk\mgf] d"Nofª\sg cfk}m“ u/ M

-s_ d km' ;b{ sf] ;dodf v]taf/Lsf] sfd

-c_ u5{' - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ -_

-v_ d cleefjsn] nfP c/fPsf] sfd ug{ tTk/

-c_ xG' 5' - _ -cf_ x'Gg“ -_

-u_ dnfO{ >d ug{] dflg;nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ dg

-c_ nfU5 - _ -cf_ nfUbg} -_

-3_ d :yfgLo k];f tyf Joj;fosf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0fdf

-c_ nfU5' - _ -cf_ nflUbg“ - _

@= 5f]6f] pQ/ n]v M

-s_ vt] af/Lsf sfd ubf{ lsg OHht hfb“ g} <

-v_ JolStut tyf ;fdflhs hLjgdf k];fut dfgjLo d"Nosf] s:tf] dxŒj 5 <

-u_ k];fsf] ;Ddfg kfpg s] s:tf s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpgk' 5{ <

#= pbfx/0f x/] L vfnL 7fp“df sf/0f nv] M

h:t} M d ;a};“u ldn/] sfd u5'{, lsgeg] o;f] ubf{ /dfOnf] x'G5 .

-s_ d km;' {bdf vt] af/Ldf sfd u5{', lsgeg] =====================.

-v_ lbndfofsf] sdfpg] dfq p2]Zo 5}g, lsgeg] ===============.
-u_ :yfgLo j:ts' f] ahf/ cfjZos 5, lsgeg=] ================.

-3_ ;dfhdf ;a} y/L k;] f tyf Joj;fosf] cfjZostf 5, lsgeg] ==========.

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 25

$= oL sfd u/ M

-s_ ltd|f] 6fn] ÷l5d]s jf ;db' fodf ;~rflnt :yfgLo :t/sf df}lns k;] f s] s] 5g\ <
To:tf] k];f ug{] JolStk|lt ;dfhsf] Jojxf/ s:tf] 5 < ;f]wvf]h u/L Pp6f ljj/0f
tof/ kf/ .

-v_ cfkm\ gf] k];f tyf Joj;foaf6 ;Ddfg kfpg rfxg] dflg;n] ug'{kg{] / ug{ gxg' ] sfdsf]
;r" L agfO{ sIffdf k:| tt' u/ .

-u_ ltd|f cleefjsn] klg sg' } g s'g} k;] f tyf Joj;fo ug{e' Ps} xfn] f . pxf“sf]
sfdnfO{ ltdLn] s;/L ;xofu] k¥' ofPsf 5f} < ab“' f tof/ kf/L ;fyLx¿;u“ 5nkmn u/ .

26 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

# Odfgbf/L
ckl] Ift Jojxf/

cfkm\ gf] k;] f tyf Joj;fodf Odfgbf/L bv] fpg
;Ddflgt / kz| l+ ;t JolStTjsf] lgdf0{ f ug{
;dfhdf gl} ts rl/qsf] pbfx/0f k:| tt' ug{

cfk\mgf] st{Jo kfngfdf tTk/ /xg 

gogk'/sf afl;Gbf lxcfc] fh Hofb} v';L 5g\ . cfkm\ gf] ;d'bfosf sLltd{ l0fn] /fd|f] sfd u//]
;a}lt/af6 ;Ddfg tyf :ofaf;L kfPsfn] pgLx¿ v';L ePsf x'g \ . sLlt{dl0fn] ljleGg kbdf
a;/] nfdf] ;do;Dd bz] sf] ;j] f u/ ] . pgn] h] hlt u/,] ;a} /fd|f] dfq u/] . pgsf sfdsf]
d"Nofª\sg u/]/ ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ yk' |} ;Ddfg / k'/:sf/ lbPsf] 5 . ljleGg ;ª3\ ;+:yfn]
klg pgsf] ;Ddfg u/s] f 5g \ . clxn] pgL cfk\mg} 3/ gogk/' kmss{] f 5g \ . Toxf“ pgsf]
eJo ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;Ddfg u|x0f ul/;sk] l5 sLlt{dl0fnfO{ :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] ljleGg
kZ| g ;fw] ]sf 5g\ . ltgsf] pTt/ sLlt{dl0f o;/L lbG5g\ M

;'gLn M tkfO{n“ ] Odfgbf/ x'g] k/|] 0ff s;/L kfpg'eof] <

sLlt{dl0f M d ;fgb} ]lv gl} ts syfx¿ k9\y“] . cleefjsx¿n] egs] f] dfGy]“ . Odfgbf/
dflg;;u“ ;ª\ut uy]{“ . Odfgbf/ eP c;n dfG5] algG5 eGg] pgLx¿sf
s'/f ;G' y]“ . To;}af6 Odfgbf/ aGg] k]/| 0ff kf| Kt ePsf] xf] .

jh} oGtL M tkfO“{nfO{ Odfgbf/ aGg kl/jf/n] klg ;xof]u u/s] f] xf] <

sLlt{dl0f M cjZo xf] . d]/f cleefjs klg Odfgbf/LnfO{ w]/} dxŒj lbg'x'GYof] .
a]OdfgL u/]/, c¿nfO{ bM' v lbP/ sdfPsf] wg Ifl0fs x'G5, sx] L ;dokl5
;a} ;lsG5 eGg] pxf“x¿sf] wf/0ff lyof ] . To;n] dnfO{ Odfgbf/ aGg 7n' f]
;xof]u u¥of] .

lzIf0f ;e' mfj

ljBfyLn{ ] ljBfnodf bv] fpgk' g{] Odfgbf/L s] xf] eGg] ljifodf pgLx¿lar 5nkmn u/fO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx;dt] lbgx' f;]  \ .
cfkm"n] hfg] a'em]sf :yfgLo :t/sf s'g} Odfgbf/ JolStsf af/]df ;fl] wvfh] L u/L ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ tL JolStaf6
l;s]sf] s/' f eGg nufpg'xf];\ / cfjZos k[i7kfi] f0f klg lbgx' f]; \ .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 27

clgzf M xfdf| cleefjs Odfgbf/ x'ge' of] eg] xfdL s;/L Odfgbf/ xG' 5f}“ t <

sLlt{dl0f M x]/ gfgL, s]6fs6] LnfO{ 3/, kl/jf/, cleefjs / ;db' fosf] 7n' f] k|efj k5{ .
ltdLx¿ k9\g] u/]sf] 7fp“ dfq ljBfno xfO] g, 3/, kl/jf/ / ;db' fo klg
ljBfno h:t} xf ] . ;fgf] 5“bf xfdLn] k9s] f ljBfnosf] jftfj/0fsf] k|efj
kl5;Dd kl//xG5 . To;}n] Odfgbf/ aGg 3/, kl/jf/ / ;db' fosf] klg 7n' f]
e"ldsf xG' 5 .

laN6' M sg' sg' 7fpd“ f Odfgbf/ x'g'k5{ t <

sLltd{ l0f M cfkmn" ] u/]sf h'g;'s} sfddf klg Odfgbf/L bv] fpgk' 5{ . clxn] dflg;x¿
hflu/ / Jofkf/df dfq Odfgbf/Lsf] s/' f p7fp“5g\ . Tof] l7s xfO] g . xfdLn]
ug]{ kT| os] sfddf Odfgbf/Lsf] cfjZostf 5 . Odfgbf/L xfdf| ] ldq xf],
aO] dfgL t xfdL cfkm}n“ ] l;hg{ f u/]sf] zq' xf ] . >d, Jofkf/, hflu/ ;al} t/

28 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

Odfgbf/L cfjZos 5 . dflg;x¿ wflds{ ljm| ofsnfk klg u5g{ \ . Toxf“
klg Odfgbf/L rflxG5 . Odfgbf/L grflxg] 7fp“ st} 5g}  .

hut\ M a]OdfgLaf6 s] xflg x'G5 <

sLltd{ l0f M dn} ] ev/{ } eg“] lg, a]OdfgL zq' xf] eg]/ . zqn' ] s] xflg ubg{} / < a]OdfgLaf6
dflg;sf] abgfd x'G5 . sfg'gL ;hfo ef]Ugk' 5 { . cfTd;Ddfgn] af“Rg rfxg]
dflg;sf nflu abgfdLeGbf 7n' f] xflg s] xG' 5 / < k/' fgf] ;dosf uG| ydf
abgfdL d[Toe' Gbf klg s8f kL8f lbg] s/' f dflgPsf] 5 . a]Odfg eP/ of]
kL8f lsg efU] g] < a]OdfgL t dflg;nfO{ ktglt/ n}hfg] s'dfu{ xf] .

slkn M Odfgbf/ x'g xfdLn] s] ug{'k5{ t <

sLltd{ l0f M s'g} j:tk' |lt a9L nf]e ug{' a]OdfgLsf] sf/0f xf ] . To;}n] sg' } klg s/' fdf
w]/} nfe] b]vfpg' x“b' }g . Pp6f pbfx/0f x]g{x' f];\ g xfdL sx] L lrh vfP/
c3fof“} eg] km]l/ efs] gnfuG' h]n vfb“ }gf“} . lg/Gt/ vfO/x\of“} eg] xfdL la/fdL
k5f}“{ . To;} u/L cfkmn" fO{ dg k/s] f lrh rflxge] Gbf a9L hDdf ug{ yfNof“}
eg] xfdLdf a]OdfgL a9g\ ;S5 . clg xfdL s]xL ;dosf nflu ;Gt'i6 eP
klg kl5 uP/ ckdflgt xg' kU' 5f}“ . aO] dfgLsf] kl/0ffd l56f] / Odfgbf/Lsf]
kl/0ffd lbuf] xG' 5 . To;n} ] cfkm"nfO{ rflxg]eGbf a9L j:t'df nf]e b]vfpg]
dflg;nfO{ wfld{s uG| ydf rf/] elgPsf] xf] .

lgDaf M Odfgbf/Lsf c¿ kmfObf klg elglbgx' f];\ g t !

sLlt{dl0f M Odfgbf/Laf6 dgdf ;Gtfi] f kb} f xG' 5 . sg' } lrGtf lng' kbg{}  . ;dfhdf ;Ddfg
/ k|z+;f kfOG5 . dflg;n] cfkmk" |lt ljZjf; u5{g\ . g}lts rl/qsf] pbfx/0f
aGg ;lsG5 . s'g} sfgg' L ;d:ofdf klg kg'{ kb{g}  . cfkm\ gf ;Gtfgsf] ;dt]
OHht a9\5 . To:tf dflg;sf] ;a}n] gfd lnO/xG5g\, ;Demgf /flv/xG5g\ .
;fdflhs sfod{ f ;xefuL xb“' f uf/} jflGjt eOG5 jf ;Ddflgt eOG5 . o;eGbf
7n' f] kmfObf s] xG' 5 / !

/fl] hofb]jL M ei| 6frf/ klg a]OdfgL xf] t < clg o;nfO{ /fS] g s] ug{k' 5{ lg <

sLlt{dl0f M xf], e|i6frf/ klg Ps lsl;dsf] a]OdfgL xf] . e|i6frf/ /fi6k« l| ts} aO] dfgL
xf,] JolSt / ;dfhsf nflu snªs\ / /fi6s« f nflu ;d:of xf ] . o;nfO{
/fS] g w/] } pkfo ckgfOPsf 5g\ . ei| 6frf/ cGTo ug{ ljleGg ;ª3\ ;:+ yfx¿sf]
klg :yfkgf / ;~rfng ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu dflg;df dfgl;s
kl/jt{g xg' 'kb{5 . c¿ e|i6 5g\, To;n} ] d klg To:t} x'G5' eGg] ;f]Rg'

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 29

x“'bg}  . d Odfgbf/ eP“ eg] ;a} Odfgbf/ x'G5g\ eGg] ;fr] ]/ sfd ubf{ o;nfO{
/fS] g ;lsG5 . ei| 6frf/LnfO{ ;fdflhs lt/:sf/ klg ugk{' 5{ .

/fh]z M Odfgbf/L a9fpg s] ug'k{ 5{ <

sLlt{dl0f M Odfgbf/x¿nfO{ xf;} nf / cj;/ lbO{ ;Ddfg ug'{k5 { . pgLx¿sf sfdsf]
cg;' /0f ug{'k5 { . dflg;df l7s tyf al] 7s 5'6o\ fpg ;Sg] ljj]s kb} f
xg' 'k5 { . p;n] c;n / v/fa Jojxf/sf] leGgtf ae' m\g ;Sg'k5 { . o;f] eP

ei| 6frf/sf] cGt / Odfgbf/Lsf] lj:tf/ xg' ;S5 .

;f/fz+

dflg;n] cfkm\ gf] k;] f tyf Joj;fodf Odfgbf/L bv] fpg' cfjZos 5 . o;af6 ;Ddflgt
/ kz| l+ ;t JolStTjsf] lgdf0{ f eO{ ;dfhdf gl} ts rt] gf / rl/qsf] ljsf; xG' 5 .
aO] dfgL ei| 6frf/s} Pp6f ¿k xf ] . dflg;df cltzo nfe] kb} f xb“' f aO] dfgLsf] efjgf
hfU5 / To;af6 ei| 6frf/ a9g\ kU' 5 . JolSt ;rt] / ;dfh Pjd\ /fi6« ;ljm| o xb“' f
ei| 6frf/sf] cGTo xG' 5 . ;a} k;] f tyf Joj;fodf ei| 6frf/ /fS] g] ;ae} Gbf 7n' f] pkfo gl} ts
ljjs] sf] ko| fu] xf ] .

cEof;

!= cfk\mgf] d"Nofª\sg cfk}m“ u/ M

-s_ d Odfgbf/ dflg;sf] ;Ddfg

-c_ u5{' - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ - _
_
-v_ cfkmn" ] u/]sf hg' ;'s} sfddf Odfgbf/ _
_
-c_ x'gk5{ - _ -cf_ xg' ' kbg{} -

-u_ dn} ] aO] dfgLaf6 dflg;n] b'Mv kfPsf] bv] s] f]

-c_ 5' - _ -cf_ 5g} -

-3_ d dg k/]sf j:t' rflxge] Gbf a9L hDdf

-c_ u5'{ - _ -cf_ ulb{g “ -

30 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

-ª_ dnfO{ cfkm" Odfgbf/ eP c¿ klg Odfgbf/ xG' 5g\ eGg]

-c_ nfU5 - _ -cf_ nfUbg} - _

@= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ nv] M

-s_ Odfgbf/ xg' ] k|]/0ff s;/L kfOG5 <

-v_ Odfgbf/Lsf kmfObf s] xg' \ <

-u_ Odfgbf/L s;/L / sxf“ bv] fpgk' 5{ <

-3_ a]OdfgLaf6 dflg;nfO{ s] xflg x'G5 <

-ª_ nfe] n] s:tf] kl/0ffd Nofp“5 <

#= tn lbOPsf jfSo k9L vfnL 7fpd“ f pko'St zAb /fv M

-s_ :ofnn] rf/] /] klg vfG5 . To;}n] of] ==============hgfj/ xf ] . -Odfgbf/÷a]Odfg_

-v_ s's'/n] dflns / 3/sf] ;/' Iff u5{ . To;}n] of] ================== hgfj/ xf ] .
-Odfgbf/÷aO] dfg_

-u_ af“b/n] c¿sf] efu vf];]/ vfG5 . To;n} ] of] ======= hgfj/ xf] . -Odfgbf/÷a]Odfg_

-3_ w]/} dflg; lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s cfk\mgf] st{Jo k"/f u5{g\ . pgLx¿ ======= x'g\ .
-Odfgbf/÷aO] dfg_

-ª_ sg' } dflg; st{Jo /fdf| ];u“ k"/f gug]{ xG' 5g \ . pgLx¿ ================== xg'  \ .
-Odfgbf/÷a]Odfg_

$= tn ljleGg k;] f tyf Joj;fo ug{] jus{ f] gfdfjnL lbOPsf] 5 . tLdWo] cfkmn" fO{ a9L
dg kg{] sg' } bO' { jun{ ] cfkm\ gf] sfddf bv] fpgk' g{] Odfgbf/Lsf ljifodf Ps cgR' 5b]
n]vL sIffdf ;g' fpm .

-s_ Jofkf/L -v_ pBf]uL -u_ lzIfs -3_ sd{rf/L -ª_ dhb'/ -r_ ljBfyL{
-5_ ;jf/L rfns -h_ xf6] n Joj;foL -em_ lrlsT;s -`_ ls;fg 

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 31

%= tn lbOPsf] 5f]6f] syf k9 / k|Zgsf] pQ/ sIffdf eg M

nDas07

Pp6f hª\un lyof] . hª\unsf] lardf Pp6f tnfp lyof] . tnfpsf] jl/kl/ y'k}|
as'Nnf a:y] . ltgLx¿ tnfpsf] 5]p5fpdf cfPsf df5f r'Rrfn] RofKy] / vfg]
uy]{ . o;/L ;do lalt/x]sf] lyof] . as'Nnfsf] ayfgdf Pp6f as'Nnf c¿eGbf
s]xL cUnf] lyof] . c¿ as'Nnfn] To;sf] gfd nDas07 /fv]sf lyP . Ps lbg
nDas07n] ;f]Rof] ‘oL as'NnfnfO{ oxf“af6 nv]6\g kfP t tnfpsf df5f d
PSnn} ] vfg kfpy“  “] .’ To;kl5 nDas07n] c¿ as'NnfnfO{ bM' v lbg yfNof] . p;n] c¿
as'Nnfn] r'Rrfdf /fv]/ vfg nfu]sf df5f vf];]/ vfg yfNof] . p;n] cfkm"eGbf ;fgf
asN' nfnfO{ 7“u' /] 3fOt] klg agfof ] . nDas07sf] cGofo a9\b} uPkl5 c¿ as'Nnfn]
eg], æxfdLn] klg df5f vfg kfpg'k¥of], xfd|f] klg ;'/Iff x'g'k¥of] .Æ nDas07n]
k'mtL{;fy eGof], ædf5f vfg t a'l4 rflxG5, ;'/lIft x'g an klg rflxof] lg .Æ
nDas07n] Hofb} b'Mv lbPkl5 c¿ ;a} asN' nf tnfpsf] lsgf/ 5f]8]/ ?vdf a:g yfn] .
tnfpsf df5f nDas07 PSn} vfg yfNof] . pm df6] fp“b} uof ] . pm 3dG8L klg xb'“ } uof ] .
nDas07 tnfpsf] lsgf/df zfGt eP/ a:Yof] . glhs cfPsf df5f vfg] uYof] { . ToxL
tnfpdf Pp6f uf]xL klg a:Yof] . Ps lbg tnfpsf] uf]xLn] crfgs nDas07nfO{ ;dfTof]
/ d'vdf RofKof ] . nDas07 cflTtof] . ?vdf a;]sf as'Nnflt/ xb] }{ p;n] eGof], æarfcf,]
;fyL xf] . dnfO{ arfcf ] .Æ nDas07nfO{ ;Nnfx lb“b} ;a} as'Nnfn] Ps} :j/df eg], æca
cfkm"df ePsf] al' 4 / an bv] fP/ Hofg arfpm .Æ nDas07n] cfkm\ gf] uNtL l:jsf¥of] .
cabl] v o;f] gug{] jfrf klg u¥of] . Tof] b]v/] ;a} asN' nfn] ufx] LnfO{ 7ª' g\ nfu] . ;as} f]
7u“' fOn] ufx] L 8/fof] / nDas07nfO{ 5f8] L efUof] . To; lbgaf6 nDas07 klg c¿ asN' nf;“u
ldn/] a:g yfNof] .

k|Zg gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

-s_ nDas07n] s] ;f]Rof] <

-v_ nDas07n] c¿ as'NnfnfO{ s;/L bM' v lbof] <

-u_ nDas07n] kmt' L{;fy s] eGof] <
-3_ nDas07 lsg cflTtof] <
-ª_ c¿ asN' nfn] nDas07nfO{ s] ;Nnfx lbP <

32

#PsfO gful/s st{Jo / bfloTj

l;sfO pknlAw

c;n gful/ssf u0' f Jojxf/df ptfg{ . gl} ts bfloTjkl| t ;r]t /xL Jojxf/ ug{
;fdflhs cfr/0f / lgodsf] kfngf ug{ . ;dfhdf Pstf, ;b\efj / dn] ldnfksf] jftfj/0f
lgdf0{ f ug{ 

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 33

! xfd|f] clwsf/

ck]lIft Jojxf/
gful/s st{Jo / clwsf/k|lt ;rt] /xL Jojxf/ ug{
c;n gful/s u0' fsf] ljsf; ug{
gful/s stJ{ osf] kfngf / clwsf/sf] ;b'kof]udf c¿nfO{ k]l| /t ug{
lhDdj] f/Lsf ;fy tfl] sPsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{
3/, kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf pbfx/0fLo JolStTj k|bzg{ ug{ 

d gk] fn bzg{ dfWolds ljBfnodf k95\ ' . sx] L lbgkl5 ljBfnosf] jflifs{ f]T;j cfpb“ } 5 .
b]zsf ljleGg Ifq] af6 oxf“ ljBfyL{ k9\g cfPsf 5g\ . leGg leGg e"ufn] , wd,{ hflt, ?lr
/ cj:yfsf ljBfyL{ oxf“ 5g \ . o; ljBfnodf Pp6f 5fqfjf; klg 5 . 6f9f 3/ ePsf
ljBfyL{ ToxL“ a:5g \ . ckfª\utf ePsf ljBfyLs{ f nflu a:g] / k9\g] ljzi] f Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] ljBfnonfO{ ;xofu] u/]sf 5g\ .

cfh z'jm| af/ xf ] . sIff ;ftsf ljBfyL{x¿lar lzIfsn] gof“ sfoj{ |md ug{ nfUg'ePsf] 5 .
sIffsf bO' { hgf 5fq / bO' { hgf 5fqfsf lar sIffd} jStT[ j snfsf] cfofh] gf ug{ nfluPsf]
5 . o;sf] ljifo 5, ægful/s clwsf/ / o;sf] ko| fu] .Æ

Ps hgf k?' if lzIfs / Ps hgf dlxnf lzIfssf] lg0ffo{ s d08n agfOPsf] 5 . k|Tos]
ljBfyLn{ fO{ af]Ngsf nflu kf“r ldg6] sf] ;do tfl] sPsf] 5 . ;do x]g{] lhDdf lxdnfnnfO{
lbOPsf] 5 . sfoj{ |md cgfk} rfl/s ¿kdf xg' nfus] f] 5 . afN] gsf nflu k'maf{ z]kf{, clgtf
pkfWofo, ;f]xg rfw} /L / s;' 'd vft'g tof/ eP/ a;s] f 5g\ .

km' af{ M >4]o k|wfgfWofks, u'?ju{ / ;fyLx¿ ! cfh d ægful/s clwsf/ / o;sf]
ko| fu] Æ zLifs{ df cfÇgf] ljrf/ /fVb} 5' . gful/s eGg] zAb dflg;sf nflu

lzIf0f ;e' mfj
sIffsf ;a} ljBfyLn{ fO{ b'O{ ldg]6sf] ;do lbO{ c;n dflg;df xg' k' g]{ u0' fx¿ s] s] x'g\ egL
kfnk} fnf] Pp6f Pp6f u0' f eGg nufpgx' f;]  \ .
ljBfyL{n] k/" f ug{'kg{] st{Joaf/] sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ / cfkmn" ] ki[ 7kfi] f0f lbgx' f;] \ .

34 g}lts lzIff, sIff &

dfq ko| fu] xG' 5 . o;af6 bz] sf] ;Eo, c;n / lhDdj] f/L k/" f ug]{ dflg;
eGg] a'emg\ k' 5 { . p;sf ljleGg clwsf/ xG' 5g \ . To:tf clwsf/ p;n]
/fHo jf ljleGg ;:+ yf lgsfoaf6 k|fKt u/s] f] xG' 5 . To:tf clwsf/sf]

pkofu] u//] pm hLjgdf ;v' L aGg ;S5 . gful/sn] cfÇgf] clwsf/sf]

ko| f]u l7s 7fp“df l7s;u“ ug'{k5 { . cfkmn" ] kfPsf] clwsf/ ko| fu] ubf{ c¿sf]
clwsf/df afwf kg'{ xb“' }g . s'g} dflg; clwsf/sf] b'?kofu] ub{5g \ . al' 4,
ljjs] / ;+od ePg eg] o;sf] b?' kofu] x'g ;S5 . o:tf w]/} pbfx/0f
kfOG5g\ . clwsf/ egs] f] dflg;nfO{ a9L lhDdj] f/ agfpg] ;fwg klg
xf ] . clwsf/n] dflg;nfO{ cfÇgf] / c¿sf] klg enfO ug{ ;xofu] u5{ .
To;n} ] d/] f] ljrf/df clwsf/n] dflg;nfO{ :jtGq agfp5“ / unt sfd uga{ f6
/fS] 5 . ;fy} o;sf] l7s ko| fu] / pkof]u ugk'{ 5{ eGg] nfU5 .

clgtf M cfb/0fLo k|wfgfWofks, u?' ju{ / Kof/f ;fyLx¿, d klg ‘gful/s clwsf/
o;sf] ko| fu] ’ zLifs{ df cfÇgf] ljrf/x¿ k:| tt' ub{} 5' . ;dfhsf ljleGg ju{
/ Joj;fosf dflg;n] zflGtk"j{s a:g Pjd\ afR“ g kfpgk' 5 { . :jtGq hLjg
ofkg ug{ kfpgk' 5 { . cfÇgf] sfd ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf0{ f xg' k' 5{ .
oL clwsf/nfO{ g} gful/s clwsf/ elgG5 . /fHosf ;a} tx / lgsfox¿df
cfÇgf] Ifdtfcg;' f/ k|j]z ug{ kfpg] / ltgsf ;]jf ;l' jwfdf ;xefuL x'g]
cj:yf klg gful/s clwsf/ g} xf ] . t/ clwsf/ kfpgsf nflu xfdL
;a}n] cfcfÇgf] st{Jo klg k/" f ug'{k5 { . st{Jo hldgdf vt] LkftL nfpg' xf]

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 35

;f]xg M eg] clwsf/ To;nfO{ 3/df leœofpg' xf] . v]tLkftL gu/L 3/df afnLgfnL
leœofpg ;ls“b}g . ctM gful/ssf stJ{ o k/" f u/]/ dfq xfdLn] clwsf/sf]
s';d' M vf]hL ug{'k5 { . 6f9f lsg hfg], xfdL ljBfyL{s} s'/f u/f“} g . xfdLn] k9g\ ]
st{Jo k"/f u¥of“} eg] dfq k9g\ kfpg] clwsf/sf] s/' f ug{ ldN5 . gk9\g,]
36 k9fPsf] /fd|/L g;G' g,] xNnf ug{], ljBfnosf] leTtf] / sfnf]kf6Ldf h] kfof]
ToxL nV] g], sIff / ljBfno kl/;/df kmf]xf/] ug{], ckfªu\ tf ePsf ;fyLnfO{
xK] g,] xf]Rofpg,] lh:sfpg] / lvHofpg] xf] eg] xfdLn] cfkmn" fO{ lzlIft eGg
ldNb}g . xfdLn] cfÇgf] stJ{ okl| t ;r]t xg' k} 5{ . xfQL, 3f]8f, rf“/} L, p“6, uwf
h:tf hgfj/ klg ef/L afs] ]/ stJ{ o k/" f u5{g \ . To;sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{
dflg;af6 vfg] Joj:yf xg' ] u5 { . xfdL dflg;n] st{Jo k/" f gu/L clwsf/
dfq dfU5f}“ / vf]H5f}“ eg] xfd|f] s:tf] d"Nofªs\ g xf]nf < dtbfg ug{', s/ ltg,{'
sfg'gsf] kfngf ug'{ cflb xfd|f stJ{ o x'g \ . oL sfd xfdLn] k/" f ug'{kb5{  .
d t eG5' – klxnf cfÇgf] stJ{ o k/" f u/f}“ clg clwsf/ vfh] f }“ . clwsf/ /
stJ{ osf] ;Gt'lnt 9ªu\ af6 pkofu] u/f}“ .

cfb/0fLo k|wfgfWofks, u'?ju{ / Kof/f ;fyLx¿, ljZjsf h'g;'s}
b]zdf a;] klg ;a} dflg;nfO{ /fHosf tkma{ f6 vfg], a:g,] :jf:Yo pkrf/
kfpg], zf]if0faf6 ;'/lIft x'g kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ gful/s clwsf/sf ¿kdf
lng] ul/G5 . clwsf/n] dflg;nfO{ zlStzfnL agfp5“  t/ clwsf/ dfq
vfH] g,] st{Jo k"/f gug{] dflg;sf] gfd st} klg nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg ;Sbg}  .
a4' n] tk:of u/]/ dflg;nfO{ zflGt / clx;+ fsf] ;Gbz] lbP/ dfgj stJ{ o
k"/f u/] . dxfjL/n] klg clwsf/ kfpgsf nflu geO{ bof / clx;+ f l;sfP/
cfÇgf] st{Jo k"/f u/ ] . k'/fgf wfld{s u|Gyx¿df 7n' f 7n' f ;Gt dxfTdfx¿n]
klg clwsf/ kfpgsf nflu eGbf st{Jo k/" f ug{ w/] } b'Mv si6 v]ks] f
k|;ªu\ x¿ ;G' gdf cfp5“ g\ . uLtf h:tf] dxŒjk"0f{ / kl| ;4 u|Gydf ;dt]
clwsf/ vfH] gsf nflu eGbf sd{ ug{ ;Gbz] lbOPsf] 5 . ctM b'Mv u/]/
st{Jo k/" f ul/;sk] l5 kfPsf] clwsf/sf] dfq dxŒj xG' 5 . o:tf] clwsf/sf]
lhDdj] f/Lk"0f{ k|ofu] n] dfq o;sf] ;bk' ofu] klg x'G5 .

cfb/0fLo k|wfgfWofks, u?' ju{ / Kof/f ;fyLx¿, gk] fndf a:g] xfdL ;a}
gk] fnL gful/s xf “} . xfdL c;n x'g ;Sof}“ eg] dfq clwsf/ kfpgs' f] ;fys{ tf
/xG5 . ;xL sfd Pjd\ Jojxf/ / lg/Gt/ >d ug{] afgLn] dfq xfdL c;n
gful/s aGg ;S5f “} . sg' } sfddf nugzLn eP/ nfUg] afgL / ;xgzLn :je-
fjn] ;dfhdf zflGt Nofp5“  . clwsf/ ljleGg ks| f/sf xG' 5g\ M afn clwsf/,
dlxnf clwsf/, ckfª\utf ePsf JolStsf] clwsf/ dfgj clwsf/ cflb .

g}lts lzIff, sIff &

o:tf clwsf/n] ;dfhsf
;a} ju{nfO{ cj;/sf] l;hg{ f
ul/lbG5 . cfh klg ;df-
hdf ;a} ks| f/sf clwsf/sf]
pkofu] x'g ;ls/xs] f] 5g}  .
t/ p2Z] o :ki6 geO{ vfh] s] f]
clwsf/sf] sg' } cy{ /x“b}g .
;'/Iff ug'{kg]{ st{Jo k"/f
gug]{ t/ xltof/ ko| f]u ug{
kfpg] clwsf/ kfp“bf s]
xf]nf < st{Jo klg k"/f
ug]{ / clwsf/sf] klg ;b'kof]u ug]{ dflg; dfq cg's/0fLo aG5 .
b'j}df ;kmn dflg; dfq c;n gful/s aGg k'U5 . st{Jo kfngf
ugf{n] dflg;nfO{ g}lts / clwsf/sf] ;b'kof]un] ;an agfp“5 .
;a} dflg; gl} ts / ;an aGg rfxG5g \ . oxL eP/ w/] } dflg; stJ{ o /
clwsf/nfO{ Pp6f l;Ssfsf bO' { efu eGb5g \ . l;Ssfsf] cl:tTjsf nflu bO' {
efu cfjZos eP em}“ st{Jo / clwsf/ klg c;n gful/ssf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ .

lzIfs M ltdLx¿ ;an} ] /fd|f] s'/f u¥of} . ltdLx¿n] afn] s] f s/' fsf] ;f/ oxL xfO] g
t < -z}Ifl0fs kf6Ldf nV] 5g\_

;a} ljBfyL{ M xf] . ;xL eGge' of] .

lzIfs M pQ/ lbPsfdf ;a}nfO{ wGojfb . o;sf] glthf ljBfnosf] jflifs{ f]T;jsf]
lbg ;'gfOg] 5 . To; lbg ;a} hgf cfpg,' n .

;a} ljBfyL{ M x'G5 .

;f/f+z

kT| os] gful/sn] kfpg] / pkofu] ug{] clwsf/ gful/s clwsf/ xf ] . o;nfO{ kh| ftflGqs
rl/q elgG5 . clwsf/sf] pkofu] sf nflu gful/s stJ{ o klg k/" f ug'{k5{ . st{Jo
k"/f ug]{ dflg; kz| l+ ;t klg xG' 5 . ;a} dflg; c;n x'g rfxG5g \ . To;sf nflu
sx] L st{Josf] kfngf xg' ' g} kb5{  . tfl] sPsf] st{Jo k/" f ug]{ / clwsf/sf] ;bk' ofu]
ug]{ dflg; dfq jf:tljs ¿kdf c;n dflg; xf ] . xfdLn] c;n eO{ cgs' /0fLo aGg
ko| f; ug'k{ b{5 .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 37

cEof;

!= cfÇgf] dN" ofªs\ g cfkm“} u/ M

-s_ d ;a} ;fyL;“u ldn/] k9\g

-c_ ?rfp5“ ' - _ -cf_ ?rfpl“ bg“ - _

-v_ d clwsf/nfO{ eGbf stJ{ onfO{ a9L dxŒj

-c_ lbG5' - _ -cf_ lbGg“ -_

-u_ dnfO{ ljBfyL{sf] klg st{Jo xG' 5 eGg]

-c_ nfU5 - _ -cf_ nfUb}g - _

-3_ d cfÇgf] clwsf/ k|ofu] ubf{ c¿sf] clwsf/df afwf

-c_ k¥' ofp5“ ' - _ -cf_ k'¥ofpl“ bg“ - _

-ª_ d c;n gful/s aGg

-c_ rfxG5' - _ -cf_ rfxGg“ - _

@= 5f]6f] pTt/ n]v M

-s_ gk] fn bzg{ dfWolds ljBfnosf] ljzi] ftf s] xf] <

-v_ clwsf/sf] b?' kofu] s;/L xG' 5 <

-u_ st{Jo / clwsf/lar s:tf] ;DaGw xG' 5 <

-3_ k"/fgf wfld{s uG| ydf clwsf/ / stJ{ osf af/d] f s] pNnv] ul/Psf] 5 <

-ª_ dflg; c;n s;/L xG' 5 <

#= la; jfSodf cfÇgf] egfO n]v M

stJ{ o / clwsf/, c;n dflg;sf dn" cfwf/

$= oL sfd u/ M

-s_ cfÇgf] l5d]s÷6f]n÷;db' fodf /x]sf sg' } Ps hgf c;n dflg;sf] kl/ro atfO{

38 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

pgdf ePsf c;n u'0fx¿sf] ;r" L sIffdf k|:t't u/ .
-v_ tn stJ{ o / clwsf/sf af/d] f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . sg' stJ{ o / sg' clwsf/

xf] < pbfx/0fdf lbOPsf] 9f“rfdf tflnsf agfpm / sIffdf k:| t't u/, h:t} M
/fd|f;] u“ k9g\ ' k9g\ kfpg'

st{Jo clwsf/

zflGt ;'/Iff kfpg', zflGt ;'/Iff sfod /fVg'
/fHonfO{ s/ ltg,'{ ;DklTt cfhg{ ug{ kfpg'
ljrf/ JoSt ug{ kfpg,' ;fdflhs ;Ddfg / ;b\efj /fVg'
wfld{s ultljlw ug{ kfpg,' c¿sf] wd{df afwf gk¥' ofpg'
dtbfg ug',{ dtbfg ug{ kfpg' 

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 39

@ g}lts bfloTj

ckl] Ift Jojxf/

3/, kl/jf/, ljBfno tyf ;fjh{ lgs :yndf kfngf ugk{' g{] stJ{ ocg¿' ksf] Jojxf/ kb| zg{ ug{
stJ{ o kfngf ubf{ lhDdj] f/L af]w ug{
;To / Gofosf] klxrfg u/L ltgsf] kIf lng / Jojxf/df ptfg{ 

st{Jo /

lhDdj] f/L afw] ug'{ c;k|oGltwfu]l'snfut/gs{'tfy;] ffgbfLnjg[bfO\wb{ M'fdvnffLoO,f{ c;uzxgoS'{ ft]u jb[ w\
ug{'
c;n s'/fsf]
cg;' /0f / unt lg/Gt/ cWoogzLn
s'/fsf] lj/f]w ug{'
gl} ts bfloTj /xg'

dfG;oThsgf/sf/] cu/gfbv]{' /b,v] c¿sf] ljrf/
;a};“u lzi6 / tyf efjgfsf]
;Eo Jojxf/ sb/ ug'{

k|bz{g ug'{

lzIf0f ;'emfj

ljleGg syf, hLjgL cflbsf dfWodn] c;n gful/ssf u0' f / ltgsf stJ{ o, bfloTj tyf ljzi] ftfsf af/d] f
5nkmn u/fpgx' f;]  \ . uLt, sljtf, egfO cflbsf dfWodn] gl} ts bfloTjsf] afw] u/fO{ bl} gs Jojxf/df ko| fu] ug{
pTk]|l/t ugx'{ f];\ . ljBfyL{sf cleefjs;“u cGt/lj|mof u/L pgLx¿sf] sfo{ Jojxf/sf] lg/Gt/
d"Nofªs\ g ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{'xf;]  \ .

40 gl} ts lzIff, sIff &

l5l/ªsf] 3/ bu' {d kxf8L ufp“ vD' a'df k5 { . ljBfnosf] hf8f] labfdf a'afcfdf;u“ pgL ;x/
3'Dg cfPsf 5g\ . ;x/df pgL a; r95\ g \ . a;sf] l;6sf] 5]pdf nl] vPsf] s/' f k95\ g \ .
Toxf“ nl] vPsf] 5 M

ckfª\utf dlxnf j4[ j4[ f
cf/lIft l;6 cf/lIft l;6 cf/lIft l;6

l5l/ª ofqs' f ultljlwnfO{ Wofg lbP/ x5] {g\ .

;x/ cfPsf] efl] nkN6 a'afcfdf;“u} l5l/ª c:ktfn hfG5g \ . aa' fnfO{ h“rfpgk' g{] ePsfn]
pgL c:ktfn ku' ]sf xg' \ . c:ktfnsf] leQfdf 6fu“ ]sf] af8] d{ f pgL k95\ g\ M

s[kof zfGt rk' xNnf gul/lbgx' fn] f
wd" kfg lgif]w
l5l/ª rk' rfk nfu/] a'af;u“ lxl“ 8/xG5g \ .

s[kof hQ' f, rKkn aflx/

;x/ a;fOs} jm| ddf Ps lbg a'afn] l5l/ªnfO{ Pp6f sfofn{ odf lnP/ hfG5g \ . sfof{no
ejg b]v/] l5l/ª 5Ss k5g{  \ . olt 7'nf] / /fdf| ] ejg pgn] cfh;Dd b]vs] } lyPgg \ . pgLx¿
aa' fsf] ;fyL e6] g\ sf7] flt/ hfG5g \ . sf7] fsf] aflx/k6l\ 6 leQfdf /fdf| cIf/df nl] vPsf] 5 M

l5l/ªn] klg h'Ttf kms' fN5g\ / b'j} hgf leq k:5g \ . l5l/ªsf aa' fn] ufp“sf] ;d:of
;fyLnfO{ ;g' fp“5g\ . l5l/ªn] a'af / a'afsf] ;fyLsf] ;a} s'/f ;G' 5g \ . sfd ;lsPkl5
pgLx¿ 3'Dg hfG5g \ .

l5l/ªsf] ufp“df k9]sf bfh'x¿ dflyNnf] sIffdf k9g\ sf nflu ;x/sf ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf
5g\ . a'afn] l5l/ªnfO{ Tof] ljBfnodf klg nh} fG5g\ . l5l/ª ljBfnosf] k':tsfnodf
kU' 5g\ . k':tsfnosf] leQfdf o:tf] n]lvPsf] 5 M

sk[ of xNnf u//] c¿sf] k9fOdf afwf
gk'¥ofpgx' fn] f .

g}lts lzIff, sIff & 41

k':tsfnoaf6 aflx/ cfPkl5 l5l/ª ljBfnosf] rf/}lt/ x5] {g\ . rf/ sg' fdf cfwf sf6/]
/ª\ufOPsf 8«ddf nl] vPsf] s/' f klg l5l/ª k95\ g\ M

kmf]xf/] dnfO{ ljBfno, wfld{s :yn / rp/ ;kmf /fvf}“ .

l5l/ªsf a'afn] Ps lbg pgnfO{ 7n' f] u'Dafdf bzg{ ug{ nh} fG5g \ . Toxf“ w]/} dflg;sf] le8
nfus] f] /x]5 . uD' afsf] dn" 9f]sfsf] aflx/k6l\ 6 n]v/] 6fu“ ]sf s/' f l5l/ª k95\ g\ M

s[kof kfnf] kv]{/ bzg{ ug{'xf]nf .

l5l/ªsL xh'/cfdf 3/df a:g dg gnfu/] a'9fa9' LnfO{ /fVg] ;femf 3/df cfP/ a;s] L 5g\ .
l5l/ªsf a'af pgnfO{ lnP/ Toxf“ klg kU' 5g \ . Toxf“ y'k}| j4[ j4[ f a:g] 3/sf] dn" 9f]sfsf]
l;/fgdf 7n' f cIf/n] nl] vPsf] s/' f klg l5l/ª k95\ g\ M

cfdfaa' fnfO{ bj] tf ;dfg ;Ddfg u/ .

;x/ 8'ln;s]kl5 l5l/ª 3/ kmsg{ sf nflu cfdfaa' f;u“ km]l/ a; r9\5g \ . pgn] Pp6f ;fgf]
emfn] f afs] s] f 5g \ . a; r9g\ l] alTts} 9fs] fsf] dflyNnf] efudf 7n' f cIf/df nl] vPsf] 5 M

cfÇgf] ;fdfgsf] ;/' Iff cfkm}“ ug{x' f]nf .

42 g}lts lzIff, sIff &

dflysf s/' f l5l/ªnfO{ dg k¥of ] . o;sf/0f 3/ ku' ]kl5 kl/jf/, ;dfh / ljBfnosf
af/]df pgn] o;/L l6kf6] u/] M

kfl/jfl/s stJ{ o / bfloTj ;fdflhs st{Jo / bfloTj ljBfnok|ltsf] stJ{ o bfloTj

sfd af8“ L ;dod} u/ . ;fdflhs sfddf ;ljm| o¿kdf lgoldt ljBfno hfpm .
sIffsf]7fdf ;ljm| o xfp] m .
ldn]/ a; . ;xefuL xfp] m . ljBfno / sIffsf7] fnfO{
;kmf /fVg ;xofu] u/ .
cfdfa'afn] eg]sf] dfg . ;ak} |lt ;b\efj /fv . cltl/St lj|mofsnfkdf
;xefuL xf]pm .
lg0fo{ ubf{ ;a}nfO{ ;fw] . ;fj{hlgs :ynsf] ;/+ If0f sIffsfo{ / ux[ sfo{
;dod} u/ .
;fgfnfO{ dfof u/ . / ;+jw{g u/ .

7'nfsf] dofb{ f u/ . JolStuteGbf ;fd"lxs

cltly ;Tsf/ u/ . lxtnfO{ hf8] bp] m .

czSt, j4[ / la/fdLsf] ;j] f u/ . Pscsfn{ fO{ ;xofu] u/ .

;f/fz+

;fjh{ lgs uf8Ldf ofqf ubf{ xfdLn] czSt, ckfª\u, dlxnf / a'9fa9' Lsf nflu
lgwf{l/t l;6 pgLx¿sf nflu g} 5f]l8lbg'k5{ . c:ktfndf hfb“ f / a:bf xfdLn]
xfx] Nnf ug'{ x“'b}g . o;f] ubf{ la/fdLsf] pkrf/df afwf kU' 5 . sg' } 7fp“df hQ' f
nufP/ k|j]z ug{ lgif]w 5 eg] To;sf] kfngf ug'{k5 { . k:' tsfnodf n]vk9
ubf{ cfjfh lgsfNg' x“'bg} / c¿sf] k9fO tyf n]vfOdf afwf k'¥ofpg' x“'bg}  .
ljBfno nufot ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf hyfefjL kmf]xf]/ kmfNg' x'b“ }g . tf]lsPsf]
7fpd“ f dfq kmf]xf/] kmfNg] ug{k' 5{ . w]/} hgfn] Ps} k6s Pp6} sfd ubf{ kfnf]
kvL{ ugk'{ 5 { . o;f] ubf{ ;an} ] cfÇgf] sfd zfGt / Jojl:yt ¿kdf ug{ ;S5g\ .
cfÇgf] cfdfaa' f / dfGohgnfO{ bj] tf h:t} dfg/] >4f ks| 6 ugk{' 5 { . pgLx¿n] nfP
c/fPsf] sfd u/]/, ;]jf tyf ;xof]u u//] , OR5f k/" f ul/lbP/ cfÇgf] stJ{ o
k/" f ugk'{ 5{ . cfkmn" ] ;+/If0f ug{'kg]{ j:ts' f] ;'/Iff u//] lhDdj] f/L k/" f ug'{k5 { .
;w“} ;To / Gofosf] kIf lngk' 5{ . ;fdflhs sfo{ ug{ cu;| / x'gk' 5 { . sfdk|lt
lhDd]jf/ / nugzLn xg' 'k5 { .

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 43

cEof;

!= cfÇgf] dN" ofª\sg cfkm}“ u/ M

-s_ d a;df ofqf ubf{ czSt, ckfª\utf ePsf JolSt tyf dlxnfnfO{ eg]/ tf]lsPsf]
l;6df a:g cg'/fw]

-c_ u5 {' - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ -_

-v_ d k:' tsfno hfb“ f ;fyL;u“ s'/fsfgL ug{ dg

-c_ k/fp“5' - _ -cf_ k/fp“lbg“ -_

-u_ d kfnf] kv]{/ sfd

-c_ u5{' - _ -cf_ ulbg{ “ -_

-3_ d ldNg] ;fyLn] u/s] f uNtL

-c_ gbv] ] em}“ u5'{ - _ -cf_ lj/f]w u5'{ -_

-ª_ d s'g} klg sfd ubf{ u'0f / bfi] fsf]

-c_ lhDdj] f/L lnG5' - _ -cf_ u'0f lnG5' t/ bf]if lbG5' - _

@= 5f]6s/Ldf pQ/ nv] M

-s_ l5l/ªn] ;x/ 3D' g hf“bf s] s] s'/f l;s]5g\ <

-v_ ljBfyL{sf] g}lts bfloTjdf sg' sg' s'/f k5g{ \ <

-u_ ljBfnok|lt xfdf| ] s:tf] g}lts bfloTj /xs] f] xG' 5 <

-3_ 3/ kl/jf/kl| t xfd|f] s:tf] gl} ts bfloTj 5 <

-ª_ xfdLn] cfÇgf] lhDdj] f/L s;/L k/" f ug{k' 5{ <

#= l7s a]l7s 5'6\ofpm M

-s_ d JolStuteGbf ;fdl" xs lxt 7n' f] 7fG5' . - _

44 g}lts lzIff, sIff &

-v_ c¿nfO{ cK7o\ f/f] kbf{ ;xof]u ug{' /fdf| ] xfO] g . - _

-u_ ld7f] / ;To afn] /] dfq Jojxf/ rNb}g . - _

-3_ ;fyLefOx¿;u“ ldn]/ a:gk' 5{ . - _

-ª_ k9fOsf] 1fgnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{' /fdf| ] xf] . - _

$= 5f]6s/Ldf eg M

-s_ ltdLn] 3/ / ljBfnoafxs] sf cGo :yfgaf6 l;ss] f gl} ts bfloTjx¿ s] s] xg' \ <

-v_ ltdLn] l;ss] f gl} ts bfloTj;“u ;Da4 s'/f ;fyLnfO{ s;/L l;sfpg] u/s] f 5f} <

-u_ ltdLn] cfÇgf] Jojxf/df ptf/]sf gl} ts bfloTjx¿ s] s] xg' \ <

%= oL sfd u/ M

-s_ gl} ts bfloTj k/" f ug{ ljBfyLn{ ] cfk;df s] s:tf Jojxf/ ugk{' 5{ < sIffdf tLg
rf/ hgf ;fyL;u“ a;L 5nkmn u/ / To;sf] ;"rL agfO{ sIffdf k|:tt' u/ .

-v_ l5l/ªn] h:t} ltdLn] b]v]sf, efu] ]sf / ;'g]sf cfwf/df ofqf lgaGw tof/ kf/L
cleefjsnfO{ ;'gfpm .

-u_ cfÇgf] 3/÷6f]ndf s] s:tf g}lts bfloTjsf] kfngf ug'{k5{ < cleefjs;“u
5nkmn u/L ltgsf] ;"rL tof/ kf/ . ltdLn] tof/ kf/]sf] ;"rL sIffsf]7fdf
k|:tt' u/ .

-3_ tnsf] 36gf cWoog u/ . o; 36gfaf6 ltdLn] s] s:tf gl} ts st{Jo / bfloTj
l;Sof} < 5f6] f] l6kf6] tof/ kf/ .

st{Jo

dg' f ljBfno aGb ePsf] a]nf cjnfs] g ed| 0fdf uPsL lyOg\ . ofqfsf jm| ddf
pgL a;df lyOg \ . pgsf] cufl8k6l\ 6 a;]sf Ps hgf ofqL cfl] nG{ 5g \ .
cfn] g{ ] jm| ddf pgsf] k;} f v:5 . Tof] k;} f csf{] ofqLn] l6k/] vNtLdf xfns] f] dg' fn]
bl] V5g \ . l6Kg] ofqLn] k};f lbG5 xf]nf eg]/ d'gf rk' rfk al:5g\ . c¿n] of] b[Zo
bv] s] f xb“' g} g \ . k;} f v;fNg] ofqL xtf/ xtf/ ub}{ cfÇgf] l;6df cfp“5 . p;n]

gl} ts lzIff, sIff & 45